New Records of Quedius cruentus (Olivier), A ...

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UNITED STATES: MAINE: Lincoln. Co., Jefferson, 6.IV.2006 (1). Penobscot. Co., Bangor, 30.IX.2004 (1). York Co.,. Sanford/Lyman, 4.IV.2006 (1). MASSA-.
New Records of Quedius cruentus (Olivier), A Palearctic Rove Beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), in Northeastern North America Author(s): E. Richard Hoebeke Source: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 110(2):391-396. 2008. Published By: Entomological Society of Washington URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4289/07-055.1

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PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 110(2), 2008, pp. 391–396

NEW RECORDS OF QUEDIUS CRUENTUS (OLIVIER), A PALEARCTIC ROVE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE), IN NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA E. RICHARD HOEBEKE Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A. (email: [email protected])

Abstract.—Specimens of the Palearctic rove beetle Quedius cruentus have been collected in seven northeastern states (Michigan, Ohio, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Maine, Pennsylvania) and one eastern Canadian province (Quebec) from 2001 to the present as a result of exotic bark beetle surveillance projects. Earliest specimen records, based on collections in New York, date back to the early 1980s. The Quebec records are the first for this immigrant species in Canada. All locality records are listed and mapped. Recognition features are described and illustrated, and a summary of its known biology is provided. Key Words: Quedius cruentus, Staphylinidae, Coleoptera, immigrant

While sorting and identifying bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) among insects captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the northeastern United States from 2001 to the present, I discovered numerous specimens of the Palearctic rove beetle Quedius cruentus (Olivier) from widespread localities. The funnel traps were deployed as part of the New York State Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) and a joint USDA-APHIS-PPQ and USDA Forest Service ‘‘Early Detection and Rapid Response’’ (EDRR) bark beetle survey, both surveillance projects designed for the detection of exotic bark and wood-boring beetles. Traps were baited with either a–pinene + ethanol (a general attractant for wood-boring insects comprised of a host volatile and a degradation product), ethanol only, or the specific lures ChalcopraxH and Exotic IpslureH. Additional specimens collected by the author from 1983–1994 also were found among unidentified Staphylinidae in the Cornell University Insect Collection.

Seven immigrant, Palearctic species of Quedius are presently established in North America: Q. fulgidus (F.), Q. mesomelinus (Marsham), Q. curtipennis Bernhauer, Q. molochinus (Gravenhorst), Q. cinctus (Paykull) (Smetana 1971a), Q. fuliginosus (Gravenhorst) (Majka and Smetana 2007), and Q. cruentus (Gusarov 2001). Gusarov (2001) first reported Q. cruentus new to North America based on his collection of a single male specimen in Black Rock Forest, south of New Windsor (Orange Co.), in southeastern New York in May 1998. Noting that the New York specimen was collected in a relatively undisturbed habitat, a nature preserve, and that the species is widely distributed in the western Palearctic Region, Gusarov (2001) suggested that Q. cruentus ‘‘is likely to be found in the Nearctic Region elsewhere along the Eastern coast.’’ In this paper, I report the widespread occurrence of Q. cruentus in New York,

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Fig. 1. Distribution of Quedius cruentus in northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Star denotes the original North American collection of Q. cruentus reported in Gusarov (2001).

and provide locality records for six additional northeastern U.S. states and one eastern Canadian province, the first record of this species from Canada. Examined specimens, except as noted, are deposited in the Cornell University Insect Collection (Ithaca, NY). Specimens representing the Canadian (Quebec) records, provided through the courtesy of Ales Smetana and Jan Klimaszewski, are housed in the Canadian National Collection (Ottawa, Ontario) and the collection of Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service (Quebec, Quebec), respectively. New distribution records (Fig. 1).— UNITED STATES: MAINE: Lincoln Co., Jefferson, 6.IV.2006 (1). Penobscot

Co., Bangor, 30.IX.2004 (1). York Co., Sanford/Lyman, 4.IV.2006 (1). MASSACHUSETTS: Barnstable Co., Sandwich, 20.V.2005 (1). Bristol Co., Freetown, 15.VII.2005 (5). Plymouth Co., Carver, 28.VII.2005 (1); Plymouth, 5.VII.2005 (1). Suffolk Co., Boston, 23.V.2004 (1), 7.VI.2004 (2). MICHIGAN: St. Clair Co., Port Huron, 5.V.2004 (3), 7.VI. 2004 (2). Wayne Co., Detroit, 13.V.2004 (2), 25.V.2004 (3), 8.VI.2004 (1), 25.V. 2005 (3), 10.VI.2005 (35), 21.VI.2005 (1), 23.VI.2005 (13), 7.VII.2005 (1), 19.VII. 2005 (1). NEW JERSEY: Camden Co., Camden, 15.IV.2002 (1), 29.V.2002 (2). NEW YORK: Albany Co., Albany, 31.V.2005 (5). Allegany Co., Angelica, 25.V.2004 (1). Broome Co., Binghamton,

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15.IX.2005 (1). Cayuga Co., Auburn, 25.V.2006 (2). Chautauqua Co., Ellery, 6.VI.2005 (1). Chemung Co., Elmira Heights, 23.VI.2004 (3). Erie Co., Bowmansville, 3.VI.2005 (5), 17.VI.2005 (22), 15.VI.2006 (2); Buffalo, 17.VI.2005 (1); Chaffee, 16.VII.2003 (4), 10.VI.2004 (3). Franklin Co., Chateaugay, 16.VI.2003 (1); Paul Smiths, 6.V.2004 (1), 16.V.2004 (1). Genesee Co., Batavia, 21.VI.2004 (2), 6.VII.2004 (1), 6.X.2004 (1). Jefferson Co., Watertown, 5.VI.2006 (2). Livingston Co., Lima, 18.VI.2004 (2), 6.VII.2004 (2), 20.VII.2004 (1), 4.VIII. 2004 (1). Madison Co., Georgetown (Muller Hill), 200 ft. elev., 7–8.VII. 2002, M. H. Evans (1) (through the courtesy of A. Solodovnikov). Monroe Co., Rochester, 21.VII.2003 (2), 18.VI. 2004 (19). 6.VII.2004 (18), 20.VII.2004 (1), 5.VI.2006 (3), 21.VI.2006 (1). Niagara Co., Niagara Falls, 25.VII.2003 (12), 29.VI.2004 (1), 12.VII.2004 (10), 26.VII. 2004 (2), 9.X.2004 (3), 5.V.2005 (1), 16.V.2005 (1), 14.VII.2005 (8), 8.VI. 2006 (5); Model City, 6.VI.2005 (1). Oneida Co., Rome, 5.X.2004 (1). Onondaga Co., Mattydale, 13.VII.2004 (4); East Syracuse, 5.VI.2006 (1), 20.VI.2006 (30), 28.VI.2006 (7), 1.V.2007 (1); Syracuse, 1.VI.2004 (1), 15.VI.2004 (1), 30.VI. 2004 (2), 29.VII.2004 (2), 11.VIII. 2004 (4), 25.VIII.2004 (1), 7.IX.2004 (2), 23.IX.2004 (1), 28.IV.2005 (1), 31.V. 2005 (4), 16.VI.2005 (,30), 14.VII.2005 (2), 31.VIII.2005 (3), 13.IX.2005 (6), 28.IX.2005 (1), 18.IV.2007 (1), 1.V.2007 (1), 16.V.2007 (21). Ontario Co., Geneva, 19.X.2003 (1). Orleans Co., Lyndonville, 21.VI.2006 (2); Medina, 21.VI.2004 (2), 6.VII.2004 (4). Oswego Co., Fulton, 15.VI.2004 (2), 28.VI.2004 (1); Oswego, 5.VII.2001 (2), 31.V.2006 (1). Otsego Co., Oneonta, 12.V.2005 (1). Richmond Co., Staten Island, 13.VI.2005 (3), 30.V.2006 (2), 27.VI.2006 (1). Rockland Co., West Nyack, 3.V.2004 (1). Steuben Co., Avoca, 8.VII.2004 (1). Suffolk Co., Cutchogue, 10.VI.2004 (5), 22.VI.2004

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(7), 17.VI.2005 (1). 6.VII.2005 (8), 2.VI.2006 (1). Tompkins Co., Ithaca, 16.VI.1983 (1), 11.VI.1986 (1), 14.V. 2004 (1); Town of Ulysses, NE of Jacksonville, 22.IX.1991 (1), 25.VI.1992 (3), 6.X.1994 (1), 21.VI.2005 (3). Washington Co., Salem, 19.V.2005 (1). PENNSYLVANIA: Armstrong Co., State Game Lands No. 247, NW of W. Ford City, 1.VI.2006 (2). Clarion Co., State Game Lands No. 72, NE of Clarion, 31.V.2006 (1). Erie Co., Erie, 2.V.2001 (1), 26.VI. 2001 (3), 14.V.2002 (2), 30.V.2002 (2), 18.IX.2002 (5). Lebanon Co., Fort Indiantown Gap, 10.VII.2003 (1). Montgomery Co., Evansburg St. Pk., 6.VI.2006 (1). OHIO: Allen Co., Lima, 17.V.2002 (2), 31.V.2002 (4), 18.IX.2002 (2). Lucas Co., Toledo, 21.V.2001 (4). CANADA: QUEBEC: Parc de la Gatineau, 12–19.VI.2000 (4), 10–17.VII.2000 (1). Buckingham, 5– 19.VI.2000 & 26.VI–17.VII.2000 (10). Mont St-Hilaire, 13–27.VI.2000 (2). StHilaire-de-Dorset, 6–13.VII.2000 (1). The earliest records of Q. cruentus among specimens examined include two specimens from Ithaca, NY – collected on 16 June 1983 and 11 June 1986 by the author. These dates indicate this Palearctic species has been established in the Northeast for at least two decades. Although Quedius has been thoroughly revised for America north of Mexico (Smetana 1971a, 1971b, 1973, 1976, 1978, 1981, 1990), Q. cruentus evaded detection in this hemisphere until Gusarov (2001) collected it in southeastern New York in 1998. Recognition.—Among other North American members of the subgenus Microsaurus, Quedius cruentus (Fig. 2) can be easily confused with Q. fulgidus (F.), another immigrant Palearctic species now widely distributed across North America except for northern regions of Canada. Both species are similar in size (7.0–11.5 mm), in general coloration (body shining black with elytra, apex of abdomen, and margins of abdominal

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segments reddish), and in both the posterior puncture of the sublateral row of the pronotum is located distinctly behind the level of the large lateral puncture. The reader is referred to a modification of Smetana’s (1971a) key to species of Microsaurus by Gusarov (2001) to differentiate between Q. cruentus and Q. fulgidus. Gusarov (2001) noted that antennal segments 7–10 in Q. cruentus are very transverse, about 1.5 times wider than long, while in Q. fulgidus these same segments are only slightly transverse. However, the principal characters for separation of these two species are those of the male genitalia. The median lobe of Q. cruentus is more or less enlarged or spatulate at the apex. On the ventral surface apically there is a prominent median tooth and on each side, slightly behind, is a small lateral tooth (Fig. 3), thus giving the appearance that the apex is tridentate. The paramere is at least as long as the median lobe, truncate or slightly indented at the apex, armed on the ventral surface with several (2–5) sensory peg setae more or less aligned linearly well behind the apical margin (Fig. 4). In contrast, the median lobe of Q. fulgidus is dilated apically, with the apical portion deeply and longitudinally impressed; the impression is limited laterally by a strong crenulate ridge on each side (Fig. 5). The paramere is more or less dilated in the front with the apical margin arcuate, truncate, or feebly emarginate. Sensory peg setae on the ventral surface form an irregular transverse group or row far removed from the apical margin (Fig. 6). Elytral color variation.—The European literature (Coiffait 1978) describes the elytral color of Q. cruentus as ranging from entirely red to dark brown with paler sutural and apical margins to completely black. While Gusarov (2001) noted that the single specimen he reported new to North America had dark brown elytra

with reddish sutural and apical margins, the majority of specimens examined in this study possess red elytra, with only a few specimens exhibiting brownish elytra with the sutural area and apical margins paler or nearly black. Bionomics and habitat.—Known as a ‘‘phyto- and corticolous species’’ (Staniec and Pietrykowska 2005), Q. cruentus has been recorded from under bark and in rotting wood of various trees, in decaying organic matter, among dead leaves, in decomposing grass, under stones, and by beating foliage (Fowler 1888; Joy 1932; Duff 1993). Horion (1965) noted that the species is found in thinning forests and among standing trees in parks, public gardens, tree-lined avenues where it occurs under decomposing bark, in hollow trunks and stems, at sap flows of trees (such as elm, oak, and poplar), and also among debris and manure in bird nests. Nash (1973) collected Q. cruentus, along with the bark beetle Hylastes opacus and other beetle species, ‘‘under the damp bark of a mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) felled for timber.’’ The majority of specimens examined in this study were taken from baited Lindgren funnel traps, suggesting that these predatory rove beetles may be strongly attracted to the same components of the attractants that attract bark and ambrosia beetles. One might conclude that these rove beetles prey upon, at least in part, certain members of the insect fauna occurring under bark of dead and dying hardwoods and conifers. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Numerous people involved in two major pest surveillance activities in the Northeast were responsible for the collection of the majority of specimens of Quedius cruentus whose localities are reported in this paper. Horticultural inspectors of the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets (Division of Plant Industry, Robert

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Figs. 2–6. 2, Habitus of Quedius cruentus (NY: Niagara Co., Niagara Falls). Scale line 5 5 mm. 3–6, Aedeagus of Quedius cruentus and Q. fulgidus. 3, Apex of median lobe, Q. cruentus. 4, Paramere, Q. cruentus. 5, Apex of median lobe, Q. fulgidus. 6, Paramere, Q. fulgidus.

Mungari, Director) collected trap samples from deployed Lindgren funnels as part of the state’s Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) exotic bark beetle survey; they include John Kircher, Jacqueline Johnson, Bruce Amundsen, Leslie McIntyre, Eric Birkland, William Ellsworth, Cary Conrow, Gary Sphar, Joseph Parent, Richard Purdy, Nanette

Morgan, Steve Markarian, and Kim Schlosser. Personnel of different agencies were responsible for Lindgren funnel trap collections as part of the joint USDA-APHIS and Forest Service ‘‘Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR)’’ bark beetle surveys in the Northeast and their efforts are acknowledged here: James Manor and Brian

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Sullivan (USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Detroit, MI), John Crow (USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Hermon, ME), Wayne Searles and William Urquhart (Maine Forest Service, Augusta), Stephen Lavallee (USDAAPHIS-PPQ, Otis ANGB, MA), Charlie Burnham (Massachusetts Department of Conservation & Recreation, Amherst), Richard Fine (USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Robbinsville, NJ), Skip Wille (USDA-APHISPPQ, Toledo, OH), Robert Acciavatti (USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, WV), Timothy Frontz (Pennsylvania Dept. of Conservation & Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry, Penfield), and Sven-Erik Spichiger (Pennsylvania Dept. of Conservation & Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry, Middletown). I am also grateful to Ales Smetana (Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario) and Jan Klimaszewski (Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Quebec, Quebec) for kindly providing specimen locality data for Canadian records of Q. cruentus, to Alexey Solodovnikov (Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark) who allowed me to publish specimen data for the Madison Co., NY record, and to Vladimir Gusarov (Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway) and A. Solodovnikov for reviewing a draft of the paper and offering helpful suggestions for its improvement. LITERATURE CITED Coiffait, H. 1978. Cole´opte`res Staphylinides de la Re´gion Pale´artique Occidentale. Sous famille Staphylininae, Tribu Quediini. Sous famille Paederinae, Tribu Pinophilini. Supple´ment a` la Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie 8(4): 1–364. Duff, A. 1993. Beetles of Somerset: Their Status and Distribution. Somerset Archaeological & Natural History Society, Somerset, England. 269 pp. Fowler, W. W. 1888. The Coleoptera of the British Islands. A Descriptive Account of the Families, Genera and Species Indigenous to Great

Britain and Ireland, with Notes as to Localities, Habitats, etc. Vol. 2, Staphylinidae. L. Reeve & Co., London. 444 pp. Horion, A. D. 1965. Faunistik der Mitteleuropa¨ischen Ka¨fer. Band X: Staphylinidae, 2. Teil: Paederinae bis Staphylininae, 335 pp. Gusarov, V. I. 2001. Quedius cruentus (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), a Palaearctic species new to North America. The Coleopterists Bulletin 55(3): 374–377. Joy, N. H. 1932. A Practical Handbook of British Beetles. Volume I (Text). H. F. & G. Witherby, London. 622 pp. Majka, C. G. and A. Smetana. 2007. New records of introduced species of Quedius Stephens, 1829 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 109(2): 427–434. Nash, D. R. 1973. Plegaderus vulneratus Panz. (Col., Histeridae): A second Suffolk locality. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 109(1304–6): 60. Smetana, A. 1971a. Revision of the tribe Quediini of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 79. 303 pp. ———. 1971b. Revision of the tribe Quediini of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Supplementum. Canadian Entomologist 103: 1833–1848. ———. 1973. Revision of the tribe Quediini of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Supplement 2. Canadian Entomologist 105: 1421–1434. ———. 1976. Revision of the tribe Quediini of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Supplementum 3. Canadian Entomologist 108: 631–644. ———. 1978. Revision of the tribe Quediini of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Supplementum 4. Canadian Entomologist 110: 815–840. ———. 1981. Revision of the tribe Quediini of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Supplementum 5. Canadian Entomologist 113: 169–184. ———. 1990. Revision of the tribe Quediini of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Supplementum 6. The Coleopterists Bulletin 44: 95–104. Staniec, B. and E. Pietrykowska. 2005. The pupae of Tasgius (5 Ocypus sensu lato) melanarius (Herr, 1839) and Quedius cruentus (Olivier, 1795) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Genus 16(1): 19–28.