Night Reconnaissance Operations in Mission Oriented Protective ...

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*Night Recon Operatilons; ... sonnel dressed in complete MOPPi-V performing a night reconnais- ..... this resulted in freca;ent *turni-ng tc cbser- e and- confi rn.
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gM.ORAND JM REPORT BRL-MR-3628

NIGHT RECONNAISSANCE OPERATIONS IN MISSION ORIENTED PROTECTIVE POSTURE

CHARLES H. WVICK JOHN A. MORRIS SEY

DTt C

J. TERRENCE KLOPCIC

SE E L.CTEL MAR 2 11988

OCTOBER 1987

H APPROVEID FOR PUBLIC RELEA$,; DISTrdUTION UNLIMrrED.

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BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORY A-ihBAd)EEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND

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V,-z f indi:nýgs of this repor-t aire not to be construed as an official Departximt. M thArmy pýsition, uilesý& o) desiginated by other authorized documents.

'f`O? u-,se of trade names ou" manufacturers' names in this report does not constitute indorsermnt of any commercial product.

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ment, at moderate temeratures (52-84F). The tzsks included: route reconnaissance, movement to two objectives, air and water sampling, hasty sketches of an objective, emplace a claymore mine These operations were performed by and photography of a target. 1 starts while wearing the standard =aternated *ts who "severa hbttle dress uniforp (-Df) and the HOPPIV ense.bie, individuals ""were hichily notivated, in h;gh physical Ischoo- readiness and I .e _atzon. cal!y prepared for lt"

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procedures.- A Data were analyre•a tsing standard statistical _aczor was defined as that value by which the correctic-n I time to combnete a Drocedure rB BDU should be multiplied to 1et"e the task while wearing _-M"de- the tine reauired to cc "Pr . nga n-ght reconnaissance tasks are: These f~acztors fo-r the .•PI_-.

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tasks can be compleled -=11 the niqhi reco_ .-- 'ssnC-. lo• Wearing -_ dMOPPIV, islo_ there arefs-a•ha•s cerltain considerations• evocr•ei~ie which need,

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Second. breathing I to icre-as_-ed nois=e and lack of practice. s diff hil wearing the -ask, considered tobe in to overeathi--a the mask during exerion, and water in- t eL ersdire-ion. whi"ch res-itled from i.-creasele-en -filter -UIt noes nerspirat• _soaked esxtensove work. What "nmWate evaluated. mustwith be fz'rther value has on suit pact this of water in the -ask and gloves was noticeable and a u•0id-u and sensitive become and as hands concern in extended "road feelO traction have inadequate Cev__xc-c-onerations -hperhydrated I resulting in a characteristic "shuffle walk" and frequent stzumTeams wearxing HMOP-IV tend to move closer to I bling and falls. roads than teans ieearin B . Although a correction factor was for pVhotographi=g a Larget or for emplacement of a & not determined 1 claymore mine, both tasks were complet-d while wearing MCPPIV "he first-time-effect whioh can is with no apzarent diffIculty. -

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be exolained as a lack of ex-perie-nce gaiznEd through repe-t-it-ion of

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tasks- and the degradation due to lack of training are considered decrement due to the gear itself. as -o~n~ bo•e a W.C L'"

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IN........z...................................

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Backgroumnd.ass..................

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2. Objective.............................................

Trial Matrixtc an

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Tr ieyintrais......................................

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RESUME a. Ii

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Analys s ...............................................

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Distmssion .............................................

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M.....................................................

Sta-t-onery, Tasks ................................. I2

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c.

Questions .................................

11

V. SWY/'l-fcc1CiDSIONS......................................

13

ddi-ions ............

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APPENDI X A: -

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APE-NDI

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B:

Regrp~ss On. .7Iavsis M--4- l

C:

Regress~on Analysis Exa~ple .......................

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E~peof- Re-arress-ions

Analy-sis..........................

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LISTI ................

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DISSP.38IT43iT

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LIST OF TABLES *

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TABLE 1.

Performance Oriented MOPPIV Evaluations ..........

TABLE 2.

Night Reconnaissance Operations .....................

4

TABLE 3.

Trial Matrix.. .....................................

5

TABLE 4.

Participant Questionnaire ........................

6

TABLE 5.

Field Data .......................................

TABLE 6.

Regression results ...............................

TFABT.I

7.

TABLE 8.

9

Survey Results ...................................

12

MOPPIV Correction Factors ........................

3

TAB=- A-1.

Temperature and Relative Humidity ................

17

TABLE C-1.

Data Used in Example Regression ..................

28

TABLE C-2.

Regressioxt Coefficients for Example ..............

-8

"TABLE C-3.

Calculations for ExamDie.............................

29

TABLE C-4.

Example Results ......................................

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Unsnnoi~ced

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Special

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INTROUCTIO

Background±

eduedt phesmoical funtcttions Troo peformuresut froradaiio and-ade rtv manilitaery cngrt visionnbearing, speaki equipent d-egradationU ionfiguratornso Thi -rotctee~ncumbrnceiswrnduce lnsoevcaels. 'iie tas st andP d refercreaed tosMsionOrento comolet Do wasensForpmete iupss ofo. thisstuldy acurc YIOP inahccuracy. modte. e au1y tabesom wasntd reasurice tectveand thne toscmlt =-oun-a dueexvne tof this~n MOPIV degradeced atio exetoPersonnel otiers thsicubrne

pr

in

degradationfous rdcs siulton,

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Iresearof

and other studies of unit effectiveness and combat. readiness, field studies are necessary since laiboratory exerciseS typicall y introduce artifacts that can bias resulIts. an evalualtion was Derformed in] To sat%-isf.Ly this need, respon4=e to a reqruirement submitted to an extensive D-oD sponsored and Dugway Proving Grouind (DPDG) administered Chemical B-iological JointL. Contact Point and Test Program, ref-.red to as Pro ect DO4-Z9, to auan~tifv the effect that wearing MOP-ýlV1 nas on Dersonnel The curreitZ program- includes five performig m iita-ry tasks.

sp~ec-ific operational areas (Table 1) with additional e'mThases

on

ope_--at_ions during cold, moderate and hot t-em-pera-t-Ures. TABLE I.

Performance Oriented MOPPITV EvNaluatrions Oerational Areas

3

Armor operations ?iain4Lenance Oi~erationsi Mssile OzeratZions *Night Recon Operatilons; iSig-nal Czerat-ions

-~

Bdllltl the The Vu-lnerabiiit'y/Lethal-:ity Division of Research Laboratory (BRIL) has an extensive ongoing program for assessing the vulnerability of military syst~es on. the ifltegratCed battlefield to include the effectts of convent-ional, nuclear, and.

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chemical rri-itions on the effectiveness of various units. The model for this program is the Army Unit Resiliency Analysis (AURA) methodology. AURA utilizes inputs from all areas which impact on the ability of a unit to accomplish a mission including the effect of wearing MOPPIV. Since degradation data is not available in many areas and because of the need to include degradation performance in unit e fectiveness studies using AURA, the BRL is developing techniques to estimate personnel degradation due to IMOPPIV. In this report, "YMOPPIV" refers to wearing of the equipment at level IV, and "MOPPIV Time" to the amgount of time required to complete a task while wearing level _V. One major concern in interpreting field data is the need to establish a degradation value. It is not unusual to find judgements made on the e.ffect of protective equin-ment with no real measurement of the effect or the variation experienced. One purpose of this effort is to provide a numerical estimate of the equipment effect and the asscciated variation. This report presents the results of Night Reconnaissance Operations conducted at Camp Pendleton 6 CA in gept-ember 1985 under moderate to warm temperatures (52-84 F; 11-29 C). A daily summary of temperature and relative humidity is included in Appendix A. Trials were performed by nembers of Company C of the 1st Reconnaissance Battalion, ist HMarine Division, Fleet Marine Force. All trials were held during the hours of darkness with teams remaining in MOPPIV without relief for the entire trial period of approximately eight hours. 2.

Objective

The primary objective of this program was to evaluate the operational capabilities and to quantify the degradation for personnel dressed in complete MOPPi-V performing a night reconnaissance mission.

42.4

1. i.T.Klopcic, and L. K. Roach, "An Introduction to the Use of tihe Army Unit Resiliency Analysis (AURA) Methoidology: Volume T," US Army Ballistic Research iaboratory, Memorandum Report No. 338V, September 1984. 2.

David W. Harris, "-A Degradation Analysis Methodoloc- for Maintenance,' Master of Science Thesis, Georgaa Institute of Technology, April 1985; Sponsor: C. Wick, BRL.

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APPROACH

ojverview

--he measure of degradation for each performed task was the time difference between performing the task in Battla Dress Uniform (BMU) and I4OPPIV. For these 'trials there were three team consisting of fLour members each. Degradation measulr~eme-ts were made for team tasks, such as novemants to objectives, as well as individual tasks.. such as taking a photograph. Accompanying each team -was a trained observer whose goals were to time each individual task aand rate the overall operation. The t-asks were measured in real time and recorded on a data sheet carried by the observer.

Individuals were trained in the appropriate mmillittary operat-ional speciality (MOS) and were highly motivated. Each haidL ~ex-e-rience working together as a tean. The t-eams, howevrer, did not haveI prior practice before completting the first trial off this exercise. Teams were famniliar with chenicai porotective equipment, butt received no special prior instruction in the wearing or com-plet-ing the assigned tasks in MOPPIV. gainer: Since these tests were repetitive,. individuals In an effort experience as they progressed through the trials. to control and later estimate the experience eff~ect, a record was noted on the orde*r of start; ire., whether a team was -in BDU or OPPI1V the first tine it performed a trial. For the purposes of

this

analysis,

the first

all referenices to

For each trial, cn~etea thetie t

5

"first

tine

effec~t" pertain to

perfsornmace by each team. three items of data

as;

(BDU/NO1PP); and third, whether it auent one.

were

recorded:

fiLrst;-,

scodthe prttetve pro-file was the first

trial

or a sub~se-

A multiple linear regression technique expýlained in Appendix B, was used lto estimate the effect of the chemical protCective eauiTMent an-d the effect of practice on the tine to- compl ete the ak vdL a ~tta ofteaayisi .rarious tasks. Asart contaixning -cross country movement coulld not be analyzed withou-t the methzods and technniques of -movement. Jirs cniering

-MitnneOperations 3. C.H. Wick, J.T. Klolac oriented Protectivue Posture Level IV (MOPPIV).' Rexmort 1985.

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Trial Description

n The trials were designed to collect performance data from a night reconnaissance team performing a night reconnai-.sance patrol with a mission to collect intelligence information and avoid enemy contact. The exercise was conducted during the hours of darkness and included a route reconnaissance, target photography, movement to two objectives and the extraction point, eiplacement of claymore mines, collection of air samples, collection of water samples, and the development of a hasty sketch of a phodam. At the first objective, claymore mines were emplaced, tographs were made of a target, and an air sample was taken using an initial the M256 kit. After moving to the second cbjective, water sample was taken and a hasty sketch of a dam was made. Before reaching the extraction point the team stopped and toek a second water sample. The tasks are presented in Table 2 and were completed in the listed order. Night Reconnaissance Operations

TABLE 2. I

Task

I

'Route Reconnaissance Photograph a Target

I

Move to First Objective Emplace Claymore Mine STake Air Sample

*1 I

Move to Second O'biective; Take First Water Sample Make Hasty Sketch of Damj

I

I

Take Second Water Sample, Move to Extraction Point:

a. traverse

Movement

Four

Tasks.

tasks

required

the

teams

to

from one identified Doint cn the course to anotner. The

the "-first was travel during the route reconnaissance of a road, second was travel from a choke point to an observation point, the third was travel from observation Roint to a second observation and finally, the fourth was travel to the extraction point, point. In addition to the time to complete these tasks, co- ents on the ability of a team to maintain patrolling disciplines suc.' as stealth, listening, and silent communication were collected. "T'he time to complete a passage from one point to another was

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The remaining events are considered stab. Other Tasks. tionary tasks and, as such, were measured from the beginning of The collection of the two water the activity to the conclusion. a short travel distance by one team member and samples required Air sample collection procedure. a part of the considered was collection using the M256 kit, the photograph, and the hasty sketch were from sites occupied by the team. 3. Trial Matrix and Questionnaire a. Trial Matrix. The order of start was recorded to assist in determining the effect of training on performing the various tasks. The trial matrix indicating the day, the team, and the On the first night of operauniform worn is given in Table 3. tions two teams completed the course; team one in BDUs and team The team wearing XOPPIV started 30 minutes after two, in MOPPIV. it the team wearing the BDUs because of darkness restrictions. was determined that one team per night was appropriate for the course and the .matrix reflects this condition for the following days= Trial Matrix

TABLE 3.

I Day.

Team i 1 i1 1 2 I 3 I 3

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Uniformi utility! oPPIV il67

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oPPIV! Utility'1 2 i !IOPPIV

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-OPPIV 1 Uti..i tyl

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individuAt the conclusion of a MOPPIV trial, Each was asked to to complete a questionnaire. rate the perceived difficulties encountered while wearing the Ths items rated are given in Table mask, boot, and overgarment. S4. Ratin~s were determined by checking one of four boxes: none. and major. Each box later received a numerical minor, average, weight of 0, 5, 10 and 15, respectively, for further analysis. aIs

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were

Survey. asked

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Numberl

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Boots-Movement Difficulties Boots-Slipping I Gloves-Operating Equipment

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Mask-Vision Hampered Mask-Perspiration Buildup I Mask-Breathing Difficulties, Mask-Voice Communication I

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Situation

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Participant Questionnaire

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Gloves-Performing flasks Overgarment-Bulkiness

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Overgarment-Heat Buidun

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III.

RESULTS/DISCUSSION

in reporting the data obtained from tbe trials three distinctior-s are made. The first is BDU, th.e second is MOPPIV which refers to the first trial in which a team wears chemical protective gear, and the third is MOPPIV-2 wi.ich _s the second time a team wears chemical protective equipment. Team numbers ending in "2B," 94," and "2" reflect this distinction respectively. Teams performing a trial

1.

for the first

tire

are identified with an "*."

Results

Field data is presented in the follouing tables expressed as the time to complete a task in minutes for each team.

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Time in __

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Air S.niei

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Take first.I

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Water Samples

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water Sample!

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89

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312

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IMove to Extraction-. 51 50 a15

51

201

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205 3

60.3I

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!Time

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performamc.

inferred

2.

Discus3ion

in two events, indicated b2 an '"a in Taze 5, data are not reported due to either equipment nalflinctioninnq or the ti=e-- being the first-t~illSince the data )epresented incorrectly noted. experience tor one teav in BDT-s, these losses resulted in ins,,fSficiont data to complete a regression an-.alvsis for either photoin two further aymze, graph-ng a target or iomplacing a.t instances, indicated by a nb" in Table 5, -a-ez were inferred by cross reference with other data aid as such represent a upper

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bou.nd' fCr ccmW etii'a the exen'*..

Firg 5-

During these trials no participant "dropped out" ]"ec-ause of The followthe t__emperature or other conditions of the exe'rcise. During one olbsý--v.ations' were repor~tecd duri~ng the exercise. a 'short-matn across a smal hillI txial a tear- attempted to *:'e d~ecision which r';-siit-ed in a sliegily losiger completion time. Sits e-valuator attribuated this attenmDt to the xT-sal~z of heat b~illd up an faticu- as t~te team-~ac ju'-t fini*s~he;i climb-ing a rond with a stesep inu-line used for ths rcute recomn-a~issar'=e_ and were h--tand tired,. Sever-il part-cipar.ts repo;rteed headrches as thie result of pro-longed mask press~ure on the temples and others i mlicated The tha m-a-% .3n thm far'e produced 'Ceriderness. that rbigoZ the in swe~at%. ext-ended txezcdise in the warn ter3Derat-mr3s- produced Individuiils, teer..r aind cilowin which mada the~ hands s-L'uppery, for the en-tirx-l ixith only momer-tary exceptions, rr-_ained -in _73?PI trial DericdM. -a

rV

!jLSS/iSXS._

A regression analysis was us(rd t-. analyze the Fight- Racn-= naissance data. Slhis techniqus: is exDain-d in Appnendix -3 ar-d an exam-pe Provided in iPnendix C. A regre~ssion znalyses for each reconkn~issani.e missisn is -nigt ui-,tha perfor~f-d task are r1ý1z-t31sCesquaE-tionnrc>'re the addit.con, In. tnresented. present-d- and dis-cussed. 1_

-

Analysis

The Tas'k-, were an&'Iyzed -eing tfle recqres!ýiotehiae JIs the results of these analyses are t,_iven in Table 6, where T practiced,- unen~cum-birred icerni, a' is= the cllt:,thinc correct~lon, and -atrfor b' is tha training. corre~ctict.. !Die M21~Priq degradatinn any part cular eie i Gakj/( i. TegI correction factor is t-he inverse of thiso-tarm and is usedi to mul-tip"y the time to eoiitzlet4_ a task whille weazring B:;Us to gflve an tt- cr;-mlet-s the task -,hile wear-ing M.PI'- A estim~ate of the tie v-az comleterd in less !legat7-i-we a' or bt imndica-ies that a task tine by a team weari-2 !iOPPVJ ot- by zrn un-prarcticed teamn zcspecnon'Zo atft~ribr-ted Generally, such result-s L-re= 'tively. in some £Leai's Derffcirance f*-r t1hat correctable inconsizatemcies task. 2.

S.

Discission

The mxim~zm eff-Aect :%f wearing MIOPPIV i.s see;,7 du~ring -.oveHovever, thýose Other tzas'ks amr:?ar to be less affPec~ted. o s nt. taslks were nat physi'cally, demanding- Bviderý;tly, as the tcam wxearbig I-TOPPT-V prz-3ressed -n the nissioni, fatigue v~egan to influence the F40PPrV degra~atiz~n 'fact-Dz. Sta-cinary tasks, hoý;eveý7, c~ere complieted w-iri little de-gradation attributable to the differences n all 'Fewcom:-.zent-s were rcollected in these tasks. ng inc ot -cli

U-

I

.

I

4

.

I

Task

h

-

-

TABLE 6. Regressicn zes-rits Nondimensionalized Coefficiants U:,zencumbered Clothing raining Correction Correction Term

SI

iRoifte

0.64 1.16

to Second Objective Sam~~ie I Take iFirst Water

I I0"3±-0"7, ] !.i._84

1 iZove

S!anpe

-0.01+0.321

-0.5!_-:.851 1C.95

£'!4+0"71 C. 55_±0.•5-

I

-1-

1.50 1.27-1.3] C9

• :-

0.26-1.181! 0

Make-,- Hasty

0.05±_0.a7!

1.03II!I

Sketch oyf Dan-

| Take Second tiater S~ample Mocve .:o E"t--t 7

.19

0.93-i-4.

i. 3 0.88

0.14±0.321 '



Factor

1

I

'd~ovetoII14 First Objective ke Air Sample

=,"

I•IOPiv

0.4ft2

0.16±0.2231

0.i

I Reconnaissance

-

-oI-z i

_ng

. o_. . I

T01

_

-

0.73

I!

POin

0.73

0.25±_0.26":

I

0.33--:

.32:

1.o05

0.33±+0.27!

3.79-!.31

0.24-0.26!i

3.91.314

34

i

I

:O

4:

I

I

1.45

0-51±0-32i

cases of teams e-earing MOPPIV, nost members thought that- r-hey could have performed better with practice and training.

'"

a. Movemen-t Tasks. Tasks which required the teamn to ne-. cross country were completed while wearing .SOPPIV with. correcticn factors ranging fron 1.2 to 1.5. On the surface, this would Seem to indicate that time for conleteion of these tasks is only a minor concer-n while wearing MOPPIV. However, stealth Is generally lost during night movenent while waaring _1CPPPIV because of .ncreased noise, loss or vision, difficulty in aomnication, and general lack of secrecy when =ovLng fron one area to another. _actors such as these cause cerain nissions to be judged too .risky. However, it sho-iuld be noted that 2f the tea;. is wearf.ng XOPPIV, it would be likely that the eneny would likewise be wearing chenica! prctecltion and possess _anv of these save degradations. The two major observations are increased noi-se and the appearance of being more detectable. teams wearing MOPP•,V Depending upon work requirene.nts, breathe harder, talk louder, and ge.era!ly walk with a shuffle. Breathing noise was one of the loudest sounds during road movenent: part-icularly af .r physically demandirng tasks, sch as the route reconnaissance involving a a steep incline. Reducing the road, le-jel of exercise, perhaps by taking longer

-C

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should reduace the breathinca rate and the associated noise. While atteiriting to talk In low -voices, 44teas experlencead be.-ing u~ndersitood and were nearly shoulting - tr con sidered thenselve_- t be stouting - in order to beudrto This led the indi~viduels to oprceive tLem-selves to be loud, when -in%fact their voicxis ware n~uffled by their masks an.d did not seem, to travel over C~istance. The individuals =nav have shouted but tte sound was attenuatad. Hoicezier, as a result_ of their Derceived loss of stealth othe. actions ma -not have bee- asIar as when wearing~ B!)Us. Trhis factor woi'ld Aterid to reduce the 'tize increases that would otherwise be a-trihutCed -:,o YO0PPTV degra~ad-Uficulty

V

.lowin-g,

:4TTraction

A~nother effect of reduced auditZ~rv ability was noticed. During routinle movements, frdividuals co-:ld nct hear the manl folthis resulted in freca;ent *turni-ng tc cbser- e and- confi rn !iocation. Asa result, 't e t-eam wearing '_0PXV t-ended to be clossr together during patrol. was pccr with the boorts which, lepeanding upon the surface, resulted in slipping. To counter this Door 'rrad fe'e1" a nshuf-Fle walk-- of-ten developec! to ksep- contact With the gro-und and to push objects out of the V~alk path. ULii-ed vision restricted the "'look dowrn~ abil itv. which resulIted in frequent snags arA stumbling into obstacles on the ground_. This frequenjt-ly con-

tributedi to stumbling and several mnembers fell while 9 £

on

pait-rol .

One -man lost a tooit during a crcss counttry movement task a id was unaware that it had come off" due to the gensral isss o-'! perct~ztion7. The --aces on ,h-e boots te~nded to become uzntied" even aft~er si~ile road m-ovem:ent tasks. The overgarment provided enough insulation to cause team men-bers t-o heat up dur.ixg periods of hard work~ andi then beconme cold, as the result of being wet%-, when vigorous activitv stomnned Overgar=menits became saturated with perspiration as the res"'~o thewok rqured during the exercise. (W-hat this sa:-turatlior. does to protectioni from ceneical agents must be determ-ined. 1 Th water buillduD -in the maskj- and gloves 1ýas noticeable. The hanTjds beca-me sensitive an-%d hy-perhydrat~ed as a result of wearing the gl"oves durirru this exercise. The cot-ton liner was sat-urate-d,L but appar-entClv continued to provided so-m abrasion protection. -

Ylanivulat~lon of communicat-ion gear was difficult while wear-ing !HOPPI&V as a result, of reduced manual dexiterlity and near vision- Onerators had di-fficulty reading the code sheets or ever. findna he odeshets.in fac~t, while c-ne hand was sufficient to0 locate code sheets when wearing BiY~s. two hands were -.eeded t-c find these it-ems- in Dockets -when wearing V.OPPIV due nmainly to the loss of tactili2ty.j ing

MOPIV MovThe above interactions resulted in teswearing classer to- the roads than team-s wearing Bt>Us. The teams

10

'

s

r

wearing Y.O-PPfl! were able to com-alete their mission but idsoi nese nmaner than tihn werng BDUs, reut4 ; s~ier txo:.. Utening equipaznt" coul.d be --Sed to- reveal tJ1-2h team'ss The location a--da even the fact thaiý the tean- was wearing MGPPIVT. mask: rnis'e vould resualt because hard brealthing is the protective ata t"= chaiffle of the b,--.s are distinctive sournds. b. Statiozary Tasks. Few commensts were registered or dif-`t~t.as observed fo~r thf- stationary tasks: Photographing the and a hasty sketchi, clymre inen-in~ ~ ~pacng by influenced were -[ýasks taijing a -.at~ar saluple. Although these observed Was thet w~aring of MOPPTV all tasks were CCnplt'1a!V. It t:1at,- practloe is zequired to utilize the camera vhsi-le wearing the Dro~tectiv3:,7 mask. The thotograpns obta-ined witn the aresent- systei-m on the cc;:%pccle ::elY adaqjuate for the -sissilon requirem-e-nts. ozr'ier hand, te:&s werse iate to enplace a claymore mi~ne with. no ihile wearng!OIV apparnt dific~i' individuaal were c.Suz-vey Questions. Respcnsses from each response tervas th-e Ato value weighted by givi-na a nuzerZ-cal 15 major and = 10, average accordingly~: ricen= 0, mrinor = 5, perof level the estiuateITts averdge was thten deser-mined to caived diificultv due to each- factor. Results indicate 'I'able 7) buil dup in th-C wovergarm-a.tt and perspira-tion buildulp in tha 2at

mn

using eqruip-ment and performoethat it is in.-teresting t gloves and the bulidness oroteMctive the :~ asks vbiile wear-ing is difficulties- It lowest the -is --f the overgarman't icere ranked a by completed taTically tasks b-ecause is ath~i nossible 5 dexttermanual of levels high do not requaire reconnainsaI:ne Mvpoartant itasks tend to inc]Qide i~ty or herad-ti-~ye coordina-tion. far vision, and other similar skillsla.:~ge 'Dody,% movsemen't, while patroll-ing is generally conexpenderd enerrgy the Furcthsz, tasks. T~hus, it was not stationeary in th;Ln o~reater sidered to he surivey resu"Its indicate heat fte -uriigtttureut ai~ perspirztxon buiLldupp to be nioblems witlh other factors less i'prt-t

M

Surv4ey- Results

TABLE 7.

a

First- and Second WearinTg of I4OPPTIVI j

Fact-or ____

1

1

I

2

3 31 Averagel 1 is..t 2nd

2 2nd

st-2nd I t 8i15.

5

101

5~

9

viVsion

jI

M1'ask/

j

Mask/ %Brethin

2

1

IBootts/

3Q I

Slipping

!

4i

1

131

1-0:1

1L2 let

91

18,1

9

I

*

GCloves,'I 61

jOperatimng

Cii 9

1161

.

-

IEquir=Paent

I

'Gloves/

6

'Task-s

Overgartient/1 *

O e r-garment/ 1

HetBld-up!

-Average

-~I-~

10

-

I

I 8

7 1S8

7

-

is;

Ia__ I 5.ý9 92 1G.0 !0.9 9.2 8.8

121.

-T

V.- SU1ARY/C0NCLUS8Io0NS The quanti-f~icatLion of the degcradation of personnell performina in. MGPPIV was deterained fcr each night raconnaissance task. T-he inverse of the degradation is th=eMOPT!7 correction factor The nultir-licat-ion of t-he time presented in Table 8, which is BDU I-referred to as the a t-ask vhin.le wearing reuired to perform an estinate of the time produces this factor by BDIU val'ue)l MOPPI-1. w~hi2le wea-rina the t%_asX re~aired t-o co=-P_-Let.e TABLE S.

XIOPPIV Cor-rct-ion Factors

Task

Factor1

.-I-ue Reconnaissance

4zjI

i Mave to First Objective 1 Take Albr~± mý%re to Second objectivei -0~irst Water San~~ Mak.e Hasty Sketch of DaTake Second Water -Sa=nlel I=ov-S to EratPoint

Probable Ran.qlj

2.2

0.9-i.5

1.4

1.2-1.7

1.0* * 1. 5 1 11

0.6-1.2 1.3-1.8 0.3-'!.8

1.i1

.92.3

±.s1.0-1-7

1.5

I

1. L--1.9

i

Th.Lese field measurements of MOPPIV operations nave;

prc~v ided

Therene.il so=-e valurlable: data for thhe evaluati-n. Of troor m..C___arzace Informiation whiAch resulted has iprvdesti=mates 'For simn-ilar task-s in !MOPPIV a~rld iMProvad Operations reJ-c esimzat-es of unit effectiveness and unit readineass.

A~e~~

Othzr conchwisons and observatzlens this Study ar-e: a 2-Uthough nigh ocils

i1te h:le_

arT~e.y

-aszd, or. the

reconnaissance m-ovement- tLazsks

resulti-s can

of-

becorn-

wearinag !MPP1V, l oss of stealth- and secrecy due to increase-d no-ise and lack of p-ratica.

wt~ earing tlhe .117AI MasK arid heat v Bre-athingq dif-FiC7211ti s bui;uý roz -wearing M-40PP1V are inportant con.cearn-s. ST-he f rst'-t' e-eirEfct (lack. Of

*a

gained

through

lack of due %to

ltraraaininq

experlence

rerpetl"tion of t-asks) arstd dearadat-i-o

ssignificant as the !OPP1V dgaain

ar

tnse 5The overga-rrent Decomes peerspiration-soak~ea wIth tS.L= fe ts oofthl condition on the rnrotectiVe value Of work. .-

i:e

..

garment nuist be detearnined.

13

kt'S

'

-

!

-

a

~,

Buildup of water in the mask and gloves was noticeable and a Hands became sensitive and hyperhydrated after concern. wearing the gloves. have inadequate traction and "road feel" resulting in a characteristic "shuffle walk" and frequently results in stambling and falls.

a Protective overboots

V.

E Teams wearing MOPPIV move closer to roads than teams wearing BDU. a Although a MOPPIV correction factor was not determined for photographing a target or for emplacing a claymore mine, both tasks were completed while wearing MOPPIV with no apparent difficulty.

tk

it Al1l tasks were completed while wearing MOPPIVsituatactical overall the that should be noted, however, tion is imDortant in considering the success of this operathe enemy threat is low or minimal the mission if tion. more tim.=e could be expected to be completed with a little listening including high, is If the enemy threat allocated. could be mission the then devices and othe counter-measures, neutralized. and detected be at risk because the team may Finally, it should be noted that the limited sample size available for this evaluation made the data analysis art-icalarly sensitive to inconsistencies in performance of any task by any team. Data c,,rently being evaluated in follow-on night reconnaissance evaluations should allow 0OPPIV correction factors with tighter determination of er-or bounds-

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Clinatic Conditions

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Daily Tenperature and Relative Humidity Record During the exercise the temperature and relative hum;1iditC as well as the general atmospheric condition was recorded at 30 minute intervals. Typically the temperature reduced during the night as did the relative humidity. The presence of ground fog from the ocean, however, on days 1 and 6 maintained the high humidity. The exercise was conducted at Camp Pendleton with historically high temperatures and low relative humidity. The high, low, and average temperature and relative humidity are given in Table A-i. TABLE A-1. Temeerature and Relative Humidity SDay i Degrees Celsius I % Relative Humidity I High Low Averagej High Low Average l I 3. 640 155. 13.8 18.2 1 2 16.41 11.31 13.3 38.41 17.71 23.9 3 I 18.2 16.3 17.1 I 30.5 8.2| 15.3 ;

I

--

20.21 I

28.2,I

6 l 7 I I _ _ 8_ _ -AverageI

24.91 25.91 28.6! _ _

I

5

22.6i

17.71

_

10.2!

15.2

26.6

19.3 I 27.7

I25.9 I 1

I 13. 91

17. 421

22.71 23.31 27.91 _ _

23.3 24.5 2Ez.3 _ _

50.91 1 50.61 25.61 _ _ _

43.91 30.31 20.61 _ _

46.1 39.3 23.0 _

_

19.91

21.4!

I

1.1

38.4i

_ _

23.Oi

1 _

29.3

________________________

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Regression Analysis Methodology In any attempt to measure the dependence of some entity upon it is essential to ccntrol, or at least a particular factor, account for, other factors which can influence the en.tity. Unfortunately, the isolation apd elimination of uniwanted factors is often not possible being part lularly true in th2 Case of epmeriIn such experiments involving hunafl perfornance and response. ments, the use of human subjiscts introduces a x-yriad of personal factors, many of which are as subtle as they are unquantifiable. The experiments to measure the degradation of soldier performance due to the wearing of chemical protective (lXOP2IV, gear certainly fall into this category. One approach to reducing the effect of unwanted factors is to disregard any data which involves unwanted factors. Thus, for example, the unwanted factor of =no-practice" which might cause to be vworse than in those first iteration trials _erformance in that follow, is often controlled b- conducting a sufficient is unpracticed. number of "dry_-runs" to assure that n6 data trial Unfortunately: in the case of the '115OPPIV degradation experimel"ts. limitations in troop and staff availability make dry-runs an had to be used for data genunaffordable luxury and all trials eration purposes. C-r solution to this problem has been tc account for the an experimentally detersined, of practice by including trials. effect Sinze it was also linear correction term for first assum-ed that the -e-fectof wearing HOPPIV gear could be expressed as a linear correction term, we were able t" use standard multile linear regzession techniqaes to reduce the data and extract MOPPIV correction factors. The basic linear equation used to account for the time of any given trial of a particular soldier activity is,: T = T

(B-1)

+ a(x) + b()

That is, the expected time T is the sum of the intrinsic time -T sub o- required- for the task, a correction term (a) for wearing HMPPIV gear and a correction term fo) for an unpracticed This technique has been used for the redu'ction of data trial. from all the .OP1'IV degradation tests lis--ted in the introduction report- E-uat*ion B-i is

Sthis

examined in

further

appendix C.

In the current test another uncontrollable factor was introThe nature of a night reccnraissance mission requires duced. that tne members of the patrol move stealthily; sacrificing speed in favor of stealth. Unfortunately, this results in a subjective deci•ion on the part of each patrol as to the speed that it This in turn results in an undesirable biasing of0 take. sholild the regression results, since the large ti_.es recorded Ly the-



slower, more cautious patrols dominate the regr-assion analysis. Ii

t

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21

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Since each patrol conducted three trials (two in MOPPIV and one in BDU), it was decided to attempt removal of the bias by normalizing the results for each patrol to its own baseline. The choice of the baseline was guided by the following considerations: At least one of the patrols conducted its first funpracticed) trial in BDUs while the others began in MOPPIV. Thus, normalization of a patrol's results to its first trial or to its BDU trial would have introduced additional errors. However, because each patrol conducted two MOPPIV trials, every uý -t had at least one practiced MOPPIV trial. Assuxninc that the oni- variants in

the study are (1)

-MOPP - no MOPP,

C

:2) practice - no prac-

tice and (3) intrinsic team stealth, the difference between the times for each team's practiced MOPPIV trials should be due only to the intrinsic team stealth. No-ralizing each team's times to its practiced MOPPIV trial time results ratios of times in which each team's intrinsic stealth in factor has been "canceled out". If

we let

(')

indicate

that

has

normalization

above

the

.

taken pl.ace, the regression equation for the normalized time: T', becomes: T'

=

TT

+

a'(x) + b'(y)

(B-2)

Clearly, a' can no longer be interpreted as the additional time required for a task due to the wearing of MOPPIV. However, the -ratio: CF =(

T'

+ a'(x)) / T'

(B-3)

is proportional to the increased time due to the wearing of MOPPINT; i.e., CF is an appropriate correction factor to be applied to the no-MOPP time for any particular patrol to estimate the time that would be needed by that team to do the same task w-hile wearing MOPPIV. The question arises as to whether a similar normalization may have been justified for the performance of particular individuals or teams in the other units studied in this series of MOPPIV evaluations. For example, in reducing the data on the disassembly and reassembly of a gearbox from the M-901, should the times of each of the several test subjects have been normalized to some comon, subject-related datum? We believe that the answer is "No." The reason is that tasks like the assembly/disassembly are well defined: each individual went through the same sequence of steps, removed the same snap rings in the same order, ctc. Therefore, the actual times are meaningful numbers. For examn.e, the unencumbered, practiced time for disassembly/reassembly is the time that would appear in the published time standard for that task. (In fact, validity of the data required that the t ies measured in our trials were consistent with the standard, E -ual times.) On the other hand, it

22

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is not meaningful to ask how long it takes to maneuver stealthily The answer is dominated by random varifrom point a to point b. ables such as the nunber of stops made, time spent listening, It must be concluded that the night recontaken, etc. warrant a different data raduction technique naissance trials than that used for more vigorously defined tasks.

*detours

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APPEN~DIX C

i•"

Regression Analysis Examiple

a-

-

-,,

-4.

25

..

--

mm

*



.

.

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_--.--..4

*'."4 .--

. a~

..-..

Y-ultipie~ LiLnear Regressien-

analyses are uIsed to

-

qaantify

te

.t.....

between variables where the value cf one is e:--ffe-cted by changes in others. The typv-e of uniform worn arxc whether ':.r not the event BDU or NPTIV, are was coroleted for,. the fi--rst tneihri &Amultiple linear regression a!llows a inde~pendent variables. dependent variable to be est'inated by quant-ifving the relationIn this inst'-ance, time tCo ship to several independen't variables. i nt%,e racco=mplete a task is the eftected o'r- de~endent variable tons and variables riot -measured are refletdinteercrtr An estiand include such effects as t-eani work and leA-dersllip mate of how wellI the regresslon estimates the dependent variable is expressed by the -multiple corre'lation coef~f~ci ant. Analysis then can be used to determine the effect of !MOPPIV and the firs-t t-ime effect op. the total time to conplete a task-'.

'-

For TrooD Performance studies the regression

expression- is

rep-resent-ed by:

bher-eean vran

ble1

Thr= T

vlec1n+b(y) h+a(x)

-e

hne (C-1)

ninuefestdb

%=

W~here "T (the dependent variable) is the total time i';n minute-to complete a task, "-T ", (the intercept) is the practiced, un-enthe clothing cumbered tinme, nxn Cf ir~t indepDendent variable) is type, "y (second independent variable) is the order in wbicn -An evet-as started and "e" is the error term. "x" is the BDU or !YOPP condition and is represented by either a no or a n1-3, since it -is assuned that the clothing contribution would be zero Likewr7ise, if a team was working an event for the first for BDU. time flyn would be assigned a 12111 and if the tCean has completed the event before a non would be assigned since no first4-- time effecet would be pDresent. The expression, without the error term_ coe-•c_•n• Analsisthen becomes:

w0

T =T

b T r iendtion f c A Rteam son.re anlyesvent hedcor ar ths team Tanherer i rel sI, rep or e fat or prsac anothd eihressed as: tineis a an eove1ntefor the first

T= T To

27

used t

e

in

tmewoeut-

(C-1)

a

Che event tine for the same tea comapleting the event rexressed as: and wiearing MPPIV would be irst tne

-MV

(C-2)

+ aa-b

for

the

-=

*22Ilk

(C-5)

+ a + b

T =T Example of Re-ression MalysIs:

An exan.Dle case will be replacing the shroud during the removing/zapoacina of the M60A3 transmission, accomplished during -All other tasks the noderate temperature Maintenance Evaluation. included in the and are and events were likewise evaluated results. Replacing the shrcud includes the place-ment of the shroud on the powerpack and the connection of the attachment bolts. The data for evaluation iD given in Table C-1, where team 1 replaced occurrence in BDU in 7.8 minutes the shroud twice with the first For this in 14.2 minutes. in MOPPIV and -the second occurrence in Table C-2, are coefficients the reulting regression exanple, tine the additional "an, the practiced, unencumbered tine, ""T fo r OPPIV, plus or -in-us the standard deviation and "b", the itine, additional tine needed if the event is done for the first plus or minus the standard deviation. Thus, the exr.ected time for replacing the shroud is 5.8 minutes for a practiced unencumbered tean. An additicnal 3.8 minutes is added to the total if the team was wearing MOPPIV, for an expected tine of 9.6 minutes. This additional MOPPIV tine could be as much as 11.5 minutes (9.6+1.9) or as little as 7.7 minutes (9.6-1.9). Nqo additional ti=e

is

needed

to conplete this repiacenent for the first

time

0

-

cther In because, in this example the coefficient is negative. time correction is calculated the sane as forevents this first the XOPPTV effect to deternine the additional time needed. .-..

Data Used in

-TBLE C-I.

BDU

Teme

I I I i4

1! 2 3

1st TiAe

MOPPIV

7.81 i14.2 24.6* 10.2 7.4 I 6.4i 3.61 6.3

1 4.6: 1 5.81 1

Example Regression

I

BDU MOPP BDU OPP

I I 1

1

I I I ,DU

Data excluded due to the incorrect renoval of items wnhicn required extr-a time to replace. *

TABLE C-2.

Example Regression Results

i Coefficients I II a b

=

T 5.8 3.8+!.91 -0.5-±2. 01

28

-

vFY~z,, -I

*•=

In addition, the quotient resulting from "T! (T + a)" represents the degradation for wearing M..0-V. '-aa is, the unencumbered practiced time "T divided by the total time for MOPPIV "T + a"l. Thus a tean replacing the shroud in MCPPIV is degraded t8 60 percent of their practiced, unencumbered ability, 5.8/(5.8+3.8)=0.60. In a similar calculation, the degradation for doing the job for the first time results from the quotient of "nTPT+b!-". In this example no degradation was determined for doing ?he event for the first time. A team is degraded to 0.63 if replacing the sh-roud for the first time and in OPPPIV, where both HOPPIV and first time coefficients are added in the denomiSnator, ie. "T 0 To+a+b". he quantity "(To+a)/T "1 (which is the inverse of the degradation factor) is called the UMO0PIV Correction

Factor.

This

factor

when

_multiplied

by

"T " gives the

expected time to complete a task in MOPPiV. For this example the correction factor is 1.66. The est'imated tie for this event is then 5.Sx!.66 or 9.6 minutes. The results give a real number esti-.te of the effect of Y.OPPIrV on this job performance (Table C-3). TABLE C-3.

Example Regression Estimates SI

Calculations

I I

To

I

T

T30

5.8

+a -b

-9.6

5.3

--a+b T,1(To +a) T

I

9.1

I

0.60'

(T +a)/TO =

1 T /(To +b)

i.

..66!

= 1.09

a/T° = 0.661

Il.-

29

.

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.

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.

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--

JDISTR1BLTiION LIST

Coei-

Oramnhz3atin

Coples

I Office or the Secretx.zy of Delcnsse

I

Commander in Chief U-S. Special Ope~rations Commaad ATTiN: S0J3-05 WlCiemical Officer) MabcDillAFB, FL 33608

1

Commamnder tU.S. F-orc.es Japan ATIY.-N 33

CGATSD(AE) (Chemi-ral NM'?ters) WAvshi-gton, DC 2001 SDe-partment

Organization

of Defense

OUSDREZ(EPLS) Room' 31-D'.22, ?a.aFetZOV Wa.shington. DC 1wi

APO San. Francisco 96301 Org6annizatice of Joint. Cnhiefs of Staff ATTN: J-3 JOD (GOL Tripler I W~ash-Ington, DC 2=31 4

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Director Defense Intelligence Agency AT IN.- DT-5-A KiTTN: D-X-7-B -ATTN- DP,-4G1 ATTN-: DB-11B2 A~'sington, DC 2031

10 CI1A.. OIRfDB/Standard GE47 HQ Washington- DC 2D35% 2

Administrator Defen,-e Technical Information Center ATrNT: DTIC-FDACt Cameron Station, Bldg 5 Alexmandria, VA 22304-61415

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HQDA D.AML-.ART-M\' W:3shimgton. DC 20310 HD

I Director Armed Forces -Medical intelliggence C-eater ATTN: AFMIC-ZA Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701 I

Comm=-der U.S- Forces Korea ATTN: CJ-PL-N, APO Santrancisco -96301

C-ominznder in Chief U.&- European Comman d A-1T N': ECJ5-N! .APO New York 09128

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ATTN: DAMO-SWVC (LTC Brown)

I Commniander in Chiei Pacific ATTN: J54142 (Box 15) CainjP Smith, In96861

.

WAashington. DC 20310-10-2 I

HQDA ATI N: DASG-HCD-D (LTC Mtyers) Washingtoz. DC 20310-23=

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Cominander in Chielf U-S. Army Europe

I Commandle: in Chief U.S. Atan.tic Fleet

ATTN: 133n Norfolk, VA 23511

ATTN- AEAGC-.NC-C

I Commander iin Chief U.S. Soibthern Comman d ATIN:: SC33 APO Nfiami 3400

APO New York 09403

I Coininade- in Chief L-S. Central Cor, zand a

~ATTN: CCJ3XX MacDill AFB. FL 33603-71001

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DISTRIBJfIJTON LIST No. of Ceis

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Organization

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Commander U.S. Army Materiel Comma-,d

Co' F-d•._.rUSATR.ADOC

ATTh: AMCDPA-ST ATTN: AMc-N-M ATTN: AMCCZ,-,-C 5001 Esenhower Avenue Alexandria, VA 22333-W-1

ATTN- ATTITIE Fort Leavenworth, KS 6.027-S130

Commander US. .Army Armament Researct, Deveiopm-,!t and Engine-ering Center ATTN: SMCAR-MSI Dever, NJ 0801-,0I0

ATTN: AT?-PDi-C {Chemical Offsetr) Fort Eustis: VA 236M4

C -mzander U.S. Army Transportation Center and Fort

Commander U.S. Army Test and Evaleation Command ATTN: SM-STE-TE-T ATTN: AMSTE-TO Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 2100.5

1

Comrmnnder U.S. Army Aviation Cent•r ATTN: ATZQ-D-MS Fort Rucker, AL 3M362

1

Commander US. Army Foeign Science a-nd Technolog Center ATTN: AIAST-PA-1D2. 220 Seventh Street NE Charlottesville, VA 22901

Commander USS. Army Training and Doctrine Comma.d ATTN: ATCD-N ATIN: ATCD-T Fort Monroe, VA 236-51

6

Commandez US. Army Forces Command ATTN: AFOP-TN Fort McPherson, GA 30330 Commanderk U.S..Army Western Command A-TN: APO-NC ATTN: APLG-MU Fort Sha-fer. HI 96S58 Dover, NJ 07801-5001

1

5 1

i)rtanizatiorz

Commander *CFA (ROKIUS) ATTN: C3-NBC APO S-rfrancisco G6301

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Commander .Army Natick RkD Center ATTN: STRNC-AC ATTN: STRNC-1 ATTN: STRNC-U ATTN: STFRNC-YA ATTN: STRNC-W

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A 01760 Commander USAJFKSWC ATTN: ATSU-CD-CS Fort Br&. NC 28•3.-5000 Commandant U.S. Army Chemical School ATTN: ATZN-CM-FECt- (CS.C1,CC.NF) Fort McClellan. AL 36"205

Comm-nder

.4,

US..Army Logistics Center ATWN: ATCL-.A-Fort Lee, VA 23M01 t

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D1STRIBUTIO3N LIST NoCones:

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Ore Lization

0-..; -_____C._z_

Commander U-S- Army INIucicar snd Chernicali Agency AT-NI: MONA-NVA71ITN: M.1ONA-CM 'TN:E MONA -WE ATTN: MOINA-SAL 7.500 Bacilick Road (Mu~idicg C-3731 Sp:irz~'-e~d V-A -2-1563

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Commander U-S Arm)- TIFADOC SýYstemz Aays-Rock Agencjy A N:ATOR-TDB W~hite Sands Mfissile PRange, KM 88~012 President C-S- Army Aimnor & E-n&in-r Baird ATTN AZKAET Fort. Knoox, KY 40:21-5S470

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Commandiag General Wright Paete mon Air Force Ba3se AFAMRL,-HE Dayton, OH 4&M3

3

C-ormandaznt U-S. Army Ordan.ce Center and School ATTN: Chemical Officer Pro-ring Ground, NID 21005

aATrIN:

'S-Aberdeen

7

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Direc:-UMC'J ARDEC C-CAIC Beaet Wv~-ms br.y A-1-1N: SMCA-.rR-CCBE-TL Waterrliez.

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Commau-dtr U.S- -Army~Amrmament, Munwtizo Cemical Commandi ATIiN: ASC~M~ isa-d HL 61-2t9---300

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Command,U*S- Armyý Aviatic-a Sysiems Command A -TN: AM~fSAV-E5 4300 Goodfellow Blvd St. Louis. MG 6312-1-7933

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Co.-man-der U-S. Arm.y- iugway Proving Ground A'ASN: STErDP-S-D-T-A-F AW N: STEDP-S--M-TA ATTN: STEDP-M-T-CA-CB A ITN: STEDP-MIT-C Dugwaýy. UT 81o22

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Director U-S- Ariny Air Aviz~ion Research and Technology Activity -AmesResear34ch Center Moffett Field. CA 94W>5-!0%

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Commander U-S Army ( 4-mnunications Command

Commander

U.S. Chemnical Rftzench, Development and Engineering Center

A TT':: SMCCR-TD A:'TTN: SMCCR-ST

A.TTN: SMCCR-RSP ATT N: SMICCR-PPD ATTN: SMCCR-SPS-IL

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ATTN- .AML-L -11) Fort Nloamnout.

ATTN: SMCCR-OPR AATTN-- SMCCR-NB Aberdeen Proving Ground. MD) 21010

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NJ 0770?-330 1

COiMM3L&r CMCOM RI 1; Tr- baical Librarv ATTN: MU!Pepr~ tn

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Commander U.S. rmm) ARDEC ATTN. SMCAR-TDC Dover. NJ 07soi-M30

Fort XMonm%;;tm:

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p.LD J~ehito0-tr V.cfn

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IAFEELM.. Th-e RanxdCo.im Ali N. Librar'7-D '170G a Street S-anta Monica- CA 904%,

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Dir. I35AM-sALA -ATTN-\: AWIXISY-D AMS

C-ommnander

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Director US- Army Center

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US. A.-nn Tank Autoenoti-re or'dC.USTCOM AT: AMSTP-S I-P

ATTN: AJMS'TA--TSL-

CP.DEC. AM

W'S.n -9C-r

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ATTN: lzM\17C --RN-P-A. MCiIM

1Directos

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~ATTN: ATOCE-C5R

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Fort

i -ennis. WA 934i-334,*W

ICommander.

~~ATTN: APW'OR

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TN POG-31

Edgewood; Operationrs S

~ATTIN: !'T- xCri~mimn. DIR (JA 2113 Ecmmorton Park Road Edgewood. MD 21040

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34