White Cement Coloured Cement High Alumina Cement Micro or Ultra fine Cement Belite Cement (High C2S)
Rapid Hardening Cement • Super fine Cement • Chemically Modified Cement
Oil Well Cements • • • • • • • • •
OWC Class A (O) OWC Class B (MSR or HSR) OWC Class C (O,MSR or HSR) similar to TIII OWC Class D (MSR or HSR) OWC Class E (MSR or HSR) OWC Class F (MSR or HSR) OWC Class G (MSR or HSR) OWC Class H (MSR or HSR) Pozmix
Application Profile of Oil Well Cements* • OWC Class A B C D E F G and H
Approx. Depth Limits Surface to 1830m. Up to 1830m. M&HS Up to 1830m ,High Early Stg. 1830m to 3050 m 3050m to 4270 m 3050m to 4880m, high T&P Surface to 2440m, (Accel. and Retd.)
*API SPEC10A “API Specification for Materials and Testing of OWC” Depth limits are approx.
World Wide Oil Production A.
OPEC (March 2004)
Country
Production T/B
Algeria Indonesia Iran Kuwait Libya Nigeria Qatar S.Arabia UAE Venezuela Total
NON-OPEC (March 2004) 59 Million Barrels / day Demand projected in Nov. 2011 89.3 Mb / day Annually Projected Demand (EIA): 1.6%
World Wide Oil Production Forecast • Exon Mobil Report of October 2009: Global Oil Production: 120 Mbl of oil Eq/day 2015(Fall in Prod.) 2050 Demand
: 62 Mbl of oil Eq/day : 160 Mbl of oil Eq/day
Making Oil Well Cements • Raw Materials suitability and Planning • Material Preparation and Raw Meal homogeneity • Clinker Quality and strict control on key process characteristics • Cement Grinding – particle size • Cement Temperature • Water demand in cooling cement • Strict Quality Control From Raw Material to Finished Product • Improve product according to customer’s needs
Key Properties of OWC “G” • • • •
Thickening Time / Pumping Time Rheology Free Water Compressive Strength
Quality Certificate
Special Challenges Ahead • • • •
Deeper wells Off shore drillings Horizontal drilling Arctic Zone Drilling
Third Party Certification
LITE-CRETE system benefits • Potential elimination of two-stage cementing. • Production quality zonal isolation across easily fractured formations. • Longer cement columns without losses due to hydrostatic pressures. • Liner cementing with a single low-density slurry. • Whipstock plugs at lower densities.
Conclusion • Well cementing costs approximately 3% of the total well cost, but its key to well integrity. • Drilling cost is the key to crude production cost, which is expected to rise as the renewable energy source depletes. • Oil well cement will play a deciding role in crude production.
