Page 1 100 outgroup taxa 100 Leptanillinae Martialinae 100 100 $2 0 ...

Pristocera MAD01 Mischocyttarus flavitarsis Metapolybia cingulata

100

Scolia verticalis Chyphotes mellipes Sapyga pumila Dasymutilla aureola

72

87 62

Aglyptacros cf. sulcatus

Aporus niger Chalybion californicum Apis mellifera Protanilla JAP01 100 Leptanilla GRE01 Leptanilla RSA01 Martialis heureka Tatuidris ECU01 Onychomyrmex hedleyi 100 Concoctio concenta Prionopelta MAD01 Amblyopone pallipes Amblyopone mutica Mystrium mysticum Adetomyrma MAD02 Apomyrma stygia Paraponera clavata Discothyrea MAD07 Probolomyrmex tani 100 Proceratium MAD08 Proceratium stictum 100 Platythyrea punctata Platythyrea mocquerysi Anochetus madagascarensis 100 Leptogenys diminuta Pachycondyla sikorae Odontoponera transversa 55 74 100 Odontomachus coquereli 98 Thaumatomyrmex atrox Simopelta cf. pergandei Centromyrmex sellaris 84 91 Psalidomyrmex procerus Loboponera politula 98 89 96 Plectroctena ugandensis 100 Hypoponera sakalava Hypoponera opacior Cerapachys sexspinus Cerapachys augustae Cerapachys larvatus Simopone marleyi 100 Dorylus laevigatus 62 Dorylus helvolus Aenictogiton ZAM02 100 Aenictus ceylonicus 100 Aenictus eugenii 73 Cheliomyrmex cf. morosus 100 100 Neivamyrmex nigrescens Eciton vagans 66 Acanthostichus kirbyi Cylindromyrmex striatus 100 Leptanilloides mckennae Leptanilloides nomada Sphinctomyrmex steinheili Tetraponera punctulata 100 Tetraponera rufonigra 99 98 Myrcidris epicharis 57 Pseudomyrmex gracilis Aneuretus simoni Dolichoderus scabridus 81 100 Liometopum occidentale 95 Liometopum apiculatum 100 97 Tapinoma sessile 100 Technomyrmex difficilis Technomyrmex MAD05 94 Leptomyrmex AUS01 70 Leptomyrmex erythrocephalus Dorymyrmex bicolor 59 Forelius pruinosus 77 Papyrius nitidus Azteca ovaticeps 68 Linepithema humile 58 Anonychomyrma gilberti Turneria bidentata 69 64 Philidris cordatus 100 Myrmecia pyriformis Nothomyrmecia macrops 100 Lasius californicus Myrmecocystus flaviceps 98 Brachymyrmex depilis Myrmelachista JTL01 Oecophylla smaragdina Notostigma carazzii 86 100 Polyergus breviceps Formica moki 100 Polyrhachis Cyrto01 Polyrhachis Hagio01 64 Calomyrmex albertisi Camponotus hyatti 96 70 93 Camponotus maritimus 84 Camponotus BCA01 100 82 Camponotus conithorax Opisthopsis respiciens Anoplolepis gracilipes Myrmoteras iriodum 63 Notoncus capitatus Acropyga acutiventris Pseudolasius australis Paratrechina hystrix 88 Prenolepis imparis Prenolepis albimaculata 100 Myrmica tahoensis 100 Myrmica striolagaster Manica bradleyi Pogonomyrmex subdentatus Orectognathus versicolor Daceton armigerum Microdaceton tibialis Eurhopalothrix bolaui Acanthognathus ocellatus Myrmicocrypta cf. infuscata Apterostigma auriculatum 100 Acromyrmex versicolor Trachymyrmex arizonensis Wasmannia auropunctata 100 Procryptocerus scabriusculus 100 Pyramica hoplites Strumigenys dicomas 99 Pheidole clydei Pheidole hyatti Basiceros manni Pilotrochus besmerus 98 Aphaenogaster albisetosa Messor andrei Stenamma dyscheres Aphaenogaster swammerdami 79 98 Aphaenogaster occidentalis 97 100 Messor denticornis 100 Solenopsis molesta 90 Solenopsis xyloni 60 Myrmicaria exigua Monomorium ergatogyna Vollenhovia emeryi 100 Tetramorium validiusculum 67 Tetramorium caespitum Mayriella ebbei Xenomyrmex floridanus Eutetramorium mocquerysi Myrmecina graminicola Crematogaster emeryana Cardiocondyla mauritanica 65 Leptothorax muscorum complex Nesomyrmex echinatinodis 88 Meranoplus cf. radamae Cataulacus MAD02 Terataner MAD02

outgroup taxa

Leptanillinae Martialinae

100

100 100

100

93 98 80

100

91

68

100

'poneroids'

formicoids

Pheidologeton affinis

100

96 100

Temnothorax rugatulus Metapone madagascarica Rhopalomastix rothneyi Acanthoponera minor Heteroponera panamensis 90 Gnamptogenys striatula Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi Ectatomma opaciventre Rhytidoponera chalybaea

0.1

Figure S4 : Maximum likelihood (majority rule) inferred from the masked, partitioned data set with 5,000 bootstrap replicates (-f a; GTR + GAMMA, see method section). The tree was rooted with Pristocera.