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COGNITIVE NEUROANTHROPOLOGY OF HINDUISM THE NEW HUMAN SPECIES - HOMO SAPIENS, HOMO SAPIEN EXTINCTUS, HOMO NEANDERTHALIC INDO-EUROPEAN ARYODRAVIDIAN, HOMO NEANDERTHALIC EXTERMINATUS, HOMO NEONEANDERTHALIS AND HOMO NEONEANDERTHALIC CYBORGS - THE RETROVIRUS AND ARCHAEA AND HUMAN SPECIATION Ravikumar Kurup A. and Parameswara Achutha Kurup The Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, TC 4/1525, Gouri Sadan, Kattu Road North of Cliff House, Kowdiar PO Trivandrum, Kerala, India Email:
[email protected]
CONTENTS
1. Evidence for Out of Oceania Origin of Neanderthals, Aryo-Dravidians and IndoEuropeans from the Lemurian/Kumari Kandam Supercontinent in the Indian Ocean
1
2. Neoneanderthal Hybrids - Climate Change Mediated Actinidic Archaeal Endosymbiosis Generates Neanderthal Hybrids and Mind-Body Phenotypic Change Homo Neoneanderthalis
27
3. Climate Change and Human Species - Homo Neanderthalis, Homo Sapiens, Homo Sapien Extinctus and Homo Neoneanderthalis - Climate Change and Evolution of New Species
36
4. Climate Change and Species Change - Neoneanderthal Hybrids and Endosymbiotic Actinidic Archaea - Homo Neoneanderthalis
48
5. Climate Change and Species Extinction - The Extinction of Homo Sapiens and Symbiotic Neanderthalisation - Homo Sapien Extinctus
77
6. A New Human Species - Climate Change, Global Warming and Neoneanderthals The Age of Homo Neoneanderthalis
83
7. Climate Change, Species Change and Conflict - The Modern Neanderthal Civilization and the Cro-Magnon Neanderthal Conflict- Evidence from Human Biology
92
8. The Origin of Retroviral Resistance and Emerging Viral Pandemics - The Crossing of Species Barrier and New Viruses - Homo Sapiens and Homo Neanderthalis Exterminatus
99
9. Endosymbiotic Actinidic Archaea and Viroids - A Model for Abiogenesis and Viral, Prokaryote, Eukaryotic, Primate and Human Evolution
107
10. The Extinction of Homo Sapiens and Symbiotic Neanderthalisation - Relation to Archaeal Mediated RNA Viroids and Amyloidosis - Homo Sapien Extinctus
118
11. The Endosymbiotic Archaea, Fructose Disease, Digoxin Syndrome and Global Warming - Relation to Human Species - Homo Sapiens and Homo Neanderthalis Role of Dietary Fibre
124
12. The Modern Neanderthal Civilization and the Cro-Magnon Neanderthal Conflict Evidence from Human Biology - Role of Dietary Fibre
153
13. Endosymbiotic Pathogenic Archaea and Archaeal Derived RNA Viroids Induced Evolutionary Species Change in Humans - Interconversion of Homo Sapiens and Homo Neanderthalis - Method for Archaeal Symbiosis Modulated Human Evolution for Therapeutic Purpose - Role of Dietary Fibre
160
14. Endosymbiotic Actinidic Archaea and Viroidal Induced Warburg Phenotype can be Reversed by A Modified Vegetarian High Fibre, High Medium Chain Triglyceride Ketogenic Diet
172
15. Dietary Fibre, the Human Endosymbiotic Archaeal RNA Viroid Quasi-Species Consortia, New Viruses and Socio-Economic-Political History
181
16. The Internet and its Low Level EMF Fields Regulate Human Brain - The Surrealistic, Syntheistic, Asexual Brain - Dietary Fibre and Evolution of Homo Neoneanderthalic Cyborgs
185
CHAPTER 1 EVIDENCE FOR OUT OF OCEANIA ORIGIN OF NEANDERTHALS, ARYODRAVIDIANS AND INDO-EUROPEANS FROM THE LEMURIAN/KUMARI KANDAM SUPERCONTINENT IN THE INDIAN OCEAN
Introduction Pagan religions believing in panpsychism belong to the Indo-Europeans, Neanderthals and Aryo-Dravidians which originated in the Lemurian landmass which included peninsular India and Antarctica. The Indo-Europeans, Neanderthals and Aryo-Dravidians originated in the Lemurian landmass which included peninsular India and Antarctica. The fossilised matrilineal Nair community in Kerala represents the Indo-European, Neanderthal and AryoDravidian community which originated in old continent Lemuria or Kumari Kandam linking peninsular India with Antarctica. Lost cities have been described under the Antarctic ice sheet and in the Indian ocean bed. This postulates an Antarctic or Lemurian origin for IndoEuropeans and Aryo-Dravidians. The Asuras and the Devas are half-brothers and sons of Kashyapa and his two wives- Diti and Aditi. Aditi gave birth to the Devas, while Diti gave birth to Asuras, Kadru to Nagas, Arishta to Gandharvas and Yakshas and Danu to Danavas who are demons. Kashyapa was a Saptarishi who was the son of the Prajapati Marichi who was the manasaputra of Brahma. The Asuras and Devas are interlinked and related. The Gods of the Vedas like Varuna and Shiva have an asuric origin. The Indo-Europeans and AryoDravidians have a common origin in peninsular India and Antarctica as a part of Lemurian landmass. The exposure to global warming and low level EMF leads to archaeal endosymbiosis and neanderthalisation of the population. This leads to generation of Neoneanderthals or new Aryo-Dravidians or Indo-Europeans. This postulates an out of Asia hypothesis. The Indo-Europeans, Aryans, Dravidians, Mongoloids, Australian aboriginals and Neanderthals are synonymous and they arose in the Lemurian Antarctican continent. This fits in with the out of Asia hypothesis. Ernst Haeckel postulated that Hindustan was the place where human evolution took place. Humans are related to the primates of South and SouthEast Asia including the Lemurs. The Lemurian continent or Kumari Kandam is the place where the Indo-Europeans, Aryo-Dravidians and Neanderthals originated. It includes Australia, South India, Antarctica, Madagascar and South Africa. Lost cities have been found in the Indian ocean bed and under the Antarctic ice sheet. The Lemuria or Kumari Kandam can be considered as the Indo-European, Neanderthalic and Aryo-Dravidian Urheimet. All these three Indo-European, Neanderthalic and Aryo-Dravidian are synonymous. They were 1
matriarchal and female dominant. The vedic conduct is based on Manusmrithi. Manusmrithi is the basis of the vedic civilization. Manu was a Dravidian king. The Asuras and Devas as well as Good and Evil were brothers. The tsunamis in the Indian ocean broke up the Lemurian continent and Manu led his people to the Eurasian landmass and established colonies in Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Sumeria, Persia and Egypt. This is the original flood myth. The Aryans, Dravidians, Indo-Europeans, Anglo-Saxons, Celts, Mongoloids including Chinese, Japanese and Korean, Slavs and Byzantines, the Shia tribes of Iran, Zoroastrians, the Sufi tribes of North Africa, Egypt, Anatolia, Turkey, Kurdistan, Syrian Alawites, the American-Indians, the South American-Indian tribes- Aztecs, Mayans, Incas, the Polynesians, the Khazars and Ashkenazi Jews and Australian aboriginals belong to the IndoEuropean, Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthal group. They have a fair skin colour owing to their origin from Lemuria which included the Antarctic landmass. The American-Indians of North and South America migrated out of the Eurasian Steppes especially the Siberian Altai region. Japanese Samurai language has affinity to the Dravidian language. Byzantine Christianity, Gnostic Christianity, Jewish Kabala, Shia rituals and Sufi worship have similarity with Hindu mysticism. The tradition says that the Mayan civilization was contributed by the Hindu architect Mayan and the Aztec Mayan and Inca Gods are similar to Hindu Gods. All these cultural groups come under the umbrella of Indo-European, Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic group which originated in Lemuria or Kumari Kandam including peninsular India and Antarctica. These cultural Indo-European, Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic group had high endosymbiotic archaeal density and retroviral resistance. The Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic group was organised within a hierarchical caste system of Kshatriyas, Brahmins, Vaisyas and Sudras. This caste system was occupational and practically the skill required for brain development pertaining to each caste occurred by mechanisms of endosymbiotic archaeal symbiotic density variations and archaeal RNA viroidal quasi-species consortial modelling. The castes were breeded to generate the requisite brain skills for each occupation. Since caste was a symbiotic substrate, it was interchangeable. There were Sudra kings especially the Mauryas and there was constant shift between the flexible caste ladders. The Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic population evolved in Lemuria, Antarctica, Kumari Kandam and owing to recurrence tsunamis which broke up the continent the population was forced to migrate to Indian landmass as a part of Eurasia. From this Indian landmass the Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic population with their culture, skill, philosophy and history migrated to Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Siberia, Altai region, Sumeria, Anatolia, Eurasian region, Anglo-Saxon homeland, Iberia, Australian aboriginal 2
land, the Americas and became a world culture. The tsunami related immediate migration of the Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic population from the broken Lemurian Antarctic Kumari Kandam to Indian landmass which as a part of Eurasia and a stepping stone to further migration was a major landmark. The Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic Vedic community which migrated after the floods into the Eurasian Indian mass was an organised society with hierarchical caste system. The vedic society religious ceremonies include yagna and homas to vedic Gods like Indra, Vishnu, Varuna, Aryaman, Soma and Agni. This was an elitist abstract religion. The Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic migrating population to the Indian landmass which was a part of Eurasia met with African migrants of the homo sapien variety who are already settled there in the Indian part of the Eurasian landmass over centuries. Theses African migrants and Muslims were outside the caste system. The African migrants outside the caste system of Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic group are basically the Harijans and the Adivasis as well as the migrating Africans and Afro-Arab Muslims. But there was constant interchange of ideas and exchange of culture between these groups. These African migrants from Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia and the horn of the Africa brought their culture, Gods and spirituality to the Indian sub-continent. The homo sapien African migrants from the horn of Africa migrated along the Persian coast into India. This homo sapien African Indian society was egalitarian and there was no caste system. Along with African migrants the homo sapien Semites especially the Muslims migrated from the horn of Africa and Arabia to India. The homo sapien African migrants and Muslim migrants carrying diseases like sickle cell anaemia and thalasemia to India. The Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic Indians were within the caste system or Varna. The African-Indians and Muslim Indians were outside the pale of the caste system. The Gods of the African-Indians included the black Gods like Krishna, Murugan, Shiva and Kali. They came from the west coast of India where the African homo sapien migrants settle down from their home land in Ethiopia, Somalia and horn of Africa. These migrants had a flat nose and bullish lips and were segregated by the Indo-European AryoDravidian Neanderthalic racially organised migrants from Lemuria Kumari Kandam with their vedic culture and Gods like Varuna and Indra. Later the Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic population adopted Krishna, Shiva and Kali as their own Gods. The worship of Shiva, Krishna and Mother Kali is universal and the African migrants continued their veneration of their Gods. The African-Indian migrants also worshipped snakes, animals, elephants, trees and rivers as they do in Africa. They were panpsychic environmental worshippers. The African migrants worshipped idols of Mother Kali, Shiva and Krishna and 3
their urban settlements were called Krishna Garbhas. The important Hindu festivals of Durga pooja, Kali pooja, Shivarathri, Janmashtami and Holi with their sounds, colour and activity are African in origin. These African Gods were initially described in the Vedas as evil, belligerent violent and destructive. Later the African migrant Gods and their festivals were taken up by the Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthal who merged it with their abstract elitist vedic religion. The same phenomenon can be seen in the Rastafarian movement which evolved in Jamaica when the African migrants interacted with Indian labourers brought work by the British in Jamaica. The African migrants reverted back to the pagan African-Indian mode of worship especially God Shiva. They also took on to practices of growing long locks of hair, eating bhang or cannabis and created wonderful music. They believed in God Jah like Brahma who was in everyone. They adopted Hindu practices and the Voodoo rituals arise from this combination. The Ethiopian, Eritrean, Somalian and Kenyan homo sapien Africans millions of years back migrated to India along the Persian Makaran coast and settled in the Indian landmass as a part of Eurasia before the advent of IndoEuropean Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic group migrating from the flooded and broken Lemurian Antarctic Kumari Kandam. But eventually the homo sapien African migrants who were outside the caste system had their Gods and festivals accepted by the Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian settlers from Lemuria Kumari Kandam. Thus the intuitive cerebellar dominant vedic religion of the Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthals originating from Lemuria and Kumari Kandam with its abstract concepts, yagnas and mantras was added on to panpsychism religious concepts of Shiva, Krishna, Kali, snake worship, animal worship of the African migrants to India inhabiting the part of India attached to the Eurasian landmass creating a mystic and abstract syncretic Hindu religion. The two populations of IndoEuropean Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthal and African migrant population including tribals and scheduled caste Harijans outside the Varna system remained separate. The other human species- the homo sapiens had an independent origin from Africa and it evolved due to lesser density of archaeal symbiosis and retroviral infection. The entire African population falls in the homo sapien group. The Jewish race would have a mixed origin with Khazarian Jews having a Neanderthalic Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian origin and the Sepharidic and Mizrahic Jews are homo sapien. The Semitic Arabs like the Sepharidic and Mizrahic Jews are also of African homo sapien origin. There is friction between the Indo-European, AryoDravidian Neanderthalic group and the homo sapien African and Semitic groups of Muslims and Jews. The homo sapien Semites develop Christianity and Islam as a cortical religion of logic and organised civil life with its codes of conduct. The African and European pagan 4
religion was consumed by the cortical logical non-mystical Christian and Islamic religions. The European paganism is making a resurrection in Russia and Europe with the decadence of Christianity. The exposure to global warming and low level EMF leads to archaeal endosymbiosis and neanderthalisation of the population. This leads to generation of a new group Neoneanderthals or new Aryo-Dravidians or Indo-Europeans. The Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthals are in perpetual racial conflict with the homo sapiens. The examples of Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian suppression of homo sapiens include the Nazi genocide of Jews, fascism and nazism, the slavery of Africans and the caste oppression against Harijans in India. On the other hand the examples of homo sapien suppression of Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian race includes the spread of Christianity in the world, the communist domination of Europe, the Muslim conquest of India and Europe, the spread of democracy and egalitarianism by the French and Russian revolution led by Jewish leaders and the globalisation phenomenon created by banking conglomerates dominated by Jews. The neanderthalic resistance to retroviral infections and the Neanderthal serving as a sanctuary for newly in situ generated RNA viruses can exterminate the homo sapien populations which are retroviral sensitive and prone to get infected with recurrent RNA viral epidemics. The constant low level of internet electromagnetic fields exposure as well as global warming can lead to endosymbiotic archaeal growth and neanderthalisation of homo sapiens leading to their extinction. The Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthals- new and old can also become extinct later by civilizational diseases like autoimmune disease, cancer, degenerations, psychiatric illness and metabolic syndrome induced by archaeal endosymbiosis. The history of the world can be considered as an eternal conflict between the Neanderthalic Indo-European Aryo-Dravidians versus the Semitic homo sapiens. The analysis of human history based on ethnoanthropological angle points to a species conflict which shapes the geopolitics of the world. The examples are many. The rise and conquest of Europe by Christianity was a victory for the Semitic homo sapiens over the Neanderthalic Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian groups. The Neanderthalic Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian pagan religions were wiped out by a cultural and human genocide. The Muslim conquest of Europe, Iran and India is an example of the Semitic homo sapien Muslim domination and victory over the Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian pagan elites in Eurasia. The Muslim conquest of Europe and Asia including India was cruel and resulted in wide-spread genocide of the populations. The homo sapien Turkic genocide of neanderthalic Armenians was also of 5
the same category resulting in the Armenian genocide. The Russian revolution and French revolution were led by Jewish leaders spreading the ideas of equality, socialism, democracy and fraternity leading to total annihilation of the Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Eurasian elite and their culture. The Communist movement was a Semitic homo sapien international movement which like Christianity homogenised the world and destroyed the European and Indian Neanderthalic Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian elite. The globalisation was a homo sapien Semitic movement which homogenized the world and cultures and brought about the concept of the world as a village. This destroyed the Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian identity and the neoconservative anti-globalisation movements are reflection of this revisionism. The history of India can be considered as an eternal conflict between the Neanderthalic Indo-European Aryo-Dravidians and the homo sapien Semitic African migrants to India. The African migrants who travelled along the Makhran coast and settled in India were dominated by the Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic groups that entered India following the breakage of the Lemurian Antarctic homeland. The IndoEuropean Aryo-Dravidian elite formed the caste system of Kshatriyas, Brahmins, Vaisysas and Sudras, The African migrants formed the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and were out of the caste system. It was a form of apartheid or slavery. The scheduled caste or Chandalas in some text are considered related to the homo sapien Semitic Jews. The African Gods who were black in colour like Shiva, Mother Kali and Krishna were taken over by the Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian elite. The Indian caste system is one of the most oppressive in history of the world. This was followed by the migration of homo sapien Semitic Muslims to India who established Muslim empires in India. The homo sapien Muslim rule in India practically exterminated fifty percentage of the Hindu Aryo-Dravidian Indo-European Neanderthalic population. There was a cultural genocide of the Hindus and their temples were destroyed. The Hindu Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic population was considered subservient to the homo sapien Muslims. There was also widespread conversion by force of Hindus to Muslims. The period of homo sapien Semitic Muslim invasion of India is one of the darkest periods of Indian history. This was followed by the invasion and colonization by the Neanderthalic Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Anglo-Saxons, English, French and Dutch in India. The Indian Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic Hindus were collaborative of the Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian migrants and conquerors from Europe as a form of emancipation from homo sapien Semitic Muslim rule. The Gandhian anarchic model of political organization for freedom in India was cooperative with the Indo6
European Aryo-Dravidian conquering elites from Europe. There was much give and take between the Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic societies from Europe and India. The Sanskrit language and the Vedas spread to Europe. This gave rise to the birth of Neopaganism and associated Nazi and fascist movement in Europe. The spread of Christianity during this period was a form of Semitic homo sapien suppression of the IndoEuropean Neanderthalic Aryo-Dravidian pagan culture of India. The same holds good for communist movements like Naxalbari which are also homo sapien and Semitic. The communist movements strived to destroy the Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthalic pagan culture in India. Thus Indian history can be analysed as an eternal conflict between Indo-European Neanderthalic Aryo-Dravidian groups and homo sapien Semitic Muslim and African migrants. The struggle still continues and gives rise to instability in Indian society. The Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian Neanderthals conducted a genocidic slavery system among the homo sapien Africans. The Nazi movement in Germany and the fascism in Italy are examples of neanderthalic Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian victories over the Semitic homo sapiens. There is also a return to paganism in Eurasia and India indicating the resurgence in Indo-European Aryo-Dravidian domination. The Indian Indo-European AryoDravidian society suppressed the scheduled caste and scheduled tribes of African migrants in a pattern of exclusion similar to apartheid. The present moment of time due to wide-spread EMF exposure and climate change and resultant neanderthalisation of homo sapiens a new species called homo neoneanderthalis has evolved. The homo sapien resistance is manifested in Semitic homo sapien religious Islamic fundamentalism and jihadi movements. The age of Kalki and Kali has begun. Actinidic beach sands have been postulated to play a pivotal role in abiogenesis. Chronic calcific pancreatitis (CCP), endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF), multinodular goitre (MNG) and mucoid angiopathy along with the root wilt disease of coconut is endemic to Kerala with its radioactive actinide beach sands. The Actinides like rutile producing intracellular magnesium deficiency due to actinide-magnesium exchange sites in the cell membrane has been implicated in the etiology of EMF1-3. Endogenous digoxin, a steroidal glycoside which functions as a membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibitor has also been related to its etiology of EMF, CCP, MNG and mucoid angiopathy4. Digoxin produces intracellular magnesium deficiency which results in acidic mucopolysaccharide accumulation of the vascular, cardiac and endocrine tissues contributing to the pathogenesis. Organisms 7
like phytoplasmas and viroids have also been demonstrated to play a role in the etiology of root wilt disease of coconut which is co-endemic in Kerala5,6. The possibility of endogenous digoxin synthesis by actinide based primitive organism like archaea with a mevalonate pathway and cholesterol catabolism was considered7-9. The role of RNA viroids in the etiopathogenesis of EMF, CCP, MNG and mucoid angiopathy was also explored. Davies has put forward the concept of a shadow biosphere of organisms with alternate biochemistry present in earth itself10. An actinide dependent shadow biosphere of archaea and viroids in the above mentioned disease states is described7. The group of diseases are seen in particular geographic areas of the world near the equator- South India, South America, South Africa and Australia.1-3 These geographic areas are rich in placer deposits containing monazite, illmenite, rutile and thorium. These areas peninsular India, Africa, Australia, South America and Antarctica formed part of one single pre-historic continent in Southern ocean and Indian ocean called Lemuria by geologists. The evolution of primates and homo sapiens occurred in the rift valley of Africa part of this prehistoric continent. Metal actinides in beach sands have been postulated to play a role in abiogenesis. Actinide mineral like rutile, monazite and illmenite by surface metabolism would have contributed to abiogenesis. A hypothesis of cholesterol as the primal prebiotic molecule synthesised on actinide surfaces with all other biomolecules arising from it and a self replicating cholesterol lipid organism as the initial life form is presented. Actinide dependent organism would have contributed to primate and human evolution. It is also possible that actinidic organisms would also have contributed to the destruction of the Lemurian supercontinent. This paper postulates that the co-existence of EMF, CCP and MNG in the above mentioned geographic areas points to the possibility of these land masses being joined together has one single land mass- Lemuria. The postulated Lemurian part of the Indian sub-continent in South India is inhabited by the dominant Nair community which has a high incidence of EMF, CCP and MNG. The dominant Nair community also has a high incidence of autism. Neanderthal anthropometric features have been described in autism. Neanderthal metabolonomics have also been described in autism. The same anthropometric features are seen in EMF, CCP and MNG. It is possible that homo neanderthalis would have originated in the super continent which occupied the southern ocean. The island of Sumatra is home to another human species homo floresiensis which lived along with homo neanderthalis. This suggests an oceanic origin of 8
homo neanderthalis in the supercontinent in the southern ocean. Recurrent tsunamis would have forced the migration of homo neanderthalis to the Eurasian land mass especially to Harappa, Sumeria, Etruscia, Egypt and Basque country. There is a high incidence of Neanderthal genes in the Basque population. The language spoken in Harappa, Sumeria, Etruscia, Egypt and Basque country had a Dravidian sub-stratum. The population in these areas is matrilineal and female dominant. This suggests an out of Oceania hypothesis for the origin of homo neanderthalis.
Materials and Methods Informed consent of the subjects and the approval of the ethics committee were obtained for the study. The following groups were included in the study:- endomyocardial fibrosis, chronic calcific pancreatitis, multinodular goitre and mucoid angiopathy. There were 10 patients in each group and each patient had an age and sex matched healthy control selected randomly from the general population. The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state before treatment was initiated. Plasma from fasting heparinised blood was used and the experimental protocol was as follows:- (I) Plasma+phosphate buffered saline, (II) same as I+cholesterol substrate, (III) same as II+rutile 0.1 mg/ml, and (IV) same as II+ciprofloxacine and doxycycline each in a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Cholesterol substrate was prepared as described by Richmond11. Aliquots were withdrawn at zero time immediately after mixing and after incubation at 37 oC for 1 hour. The following estimations were carried out:Cytochrome F420, free RNA, free DNA, muramic acid, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, hydrogen peroxide, serotonin, pyruvate, ammonia, glutamate, cytochrome C, hexokinase, ATP synthase, HMG CoA reductase, digoxin and urease12-15. Cytochrome F420 was estimated flourimetrically (excitation wavelength 420 nm and emission wavelength 520 nm). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was estimated by measuring hydrogen peroxide liberated by using glucose reagent. The statistical analysis was done by ANOVA. Neanderthal anthropometric features were evaluated in the Nair community and in EMF, CCP, MNG and autism.
Results The parameters checked as indicated above were:- cytochrome F420, free RNA, free DNA, muramic acid, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, hydrogen peroxide, serotonin, pyruvate, ammonia, glutamate, cytochrome C, hexokinase, ATP synthase, HMG CoA 9
reductase, digoxin and urease. Plasma of control subjects showed increased levels of the above mentioned parameters with after incubation for 1 hour and addition of cholesterol substrate resulted in still further significant increase in these parameters. The plasma of patients showed similar results but the extent of increase was more. The addition of antibiotics to the control plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of rutile increased their levels. The addition of antibiotics to the patient’s plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of rutile increased their levels but the extent of change was more in patient’s sera as compared to controls. The results are expressed in tables 1-7 as percentage change in the parameters after 1 hour incubation as compared to the values at zero time. The Nair community had a high prevalence of Neanderthal anthropometric features. Neanderthal anthropometric features were also dominant in autism, EMF, CCP and MNG.
Table 1. Effect of rutile and antibiotics on muramic acid and serotonin
Group Normal Muc Angio EMF CCP MNG F value P value
Muramic acid % (Increase without Doxy) Mean + SD 4.41 0.15 24.43
0.81
22.28 1.52 23.07 1.46 23.85 1.69 403.394 < 0.001
Muramic acid % (Decrease with Doxy) Mean + SD 18.63 0.12 68.72
2.77
64.05 2.79 64.68 3.86 66.43 3.17 680.284 < 0.001
5 HT % (Increase without Doxy) Mean + SD 4.34 0.15 24.32
1.09
22.82 1.56 22.89 1.50 22.72 1.64 348.867 < 0.001
5 HT % (Decrease with Doxy) Mean + SD 18.24 0.37 65.80
5.14
64.61 4.95 64.19 6.51 63.91 4.93 364.999 < 0.001
Table 2. Effect of rutile and antibiotics on free DNA and RNA
Group Normal Muc Angio EMF CCP MNG F value P value
DNA % change (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.37 0.15
DNA % change (Decrease with Doxy) Mean + SD 18.39 0.38
RNA % change (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.37 0.13
RNA % change (Decrease with Doxy) Mean + SD 18.38 0.48
22.27
63.99
22.27
69.25
1.49
22.29 2.05 21.19 2.18 22.93 2.08 337.577 < 0.001
4.03
58.70 7.34 61.63 7.68 63.49 5.01 356.621 < 0.001
1.49
22.29 2.05 21.19 2.18 23.19 1.74 427.828 < 0.001
2.33
67.03 5.97 62.99 5.47 65.68 4.06 654.453 < 0.001
10
Table 3. Effect of rutile and antibiotics on HMG CoA reductase and PAH
Group
Normal Muc Angio EMF CCP MNG F value P value
HMG CoA R % change (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.30 0.20
HMG CoA R % change (Decrease with Doxy) Mean + SD 18.35 0.35
PAH % change (Increase with Rutile)
PAH % change (Decrease with Doxy)
Mean 4.45
+ SD 0.14
Mean 18.25
+ SD 0.72
24.44
59.90
23.90
1.36
63.29
6.86
0.90
22.92 1.48 23.27 1.96 23.65 1.88 319.332 < 0.001
4.74
61.91 7.56 63.09 9.21 64.78 6.62 199.553 < 0.001
23.73 1.38 22.85 1.71 23.79 1.19 391.318 < 0.001
65.20 6.20 66.14 3.58 64.24 3.96 257.996 < 0.001
Table 4. Effect of rutile and antibiotics on digoxin and urease Group Normal Muc Angio EMF CCP MNG F value P value
Digoxin (ng/ml) (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 0.11 0.00 0.53
0.03
0.51 0.05 0.47 0.05 0.51 0.06 135.116 < 0.001
Digoxin (ng/ml) (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 0.054 0.003 0.224
0.041
0.213 0.033 0.212 0.028 0.227 0.040 71.706 < 0.001
Urease % change (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.29 0.18 23.37
1.55
23.41 1.41 22.44 2.00 22.15 1.79 290.441 < 0.001
Urease % change (Decrease with Doxy) Mean + SD 18.15 0.58 63.99
4.03
58.70 7.34 61.63 7.68 65.49 7.28 203.651 < 0.001
Table 5. Effect of rutile and antibiotics on pyruvate and hexokinase
Group
Normal Muc Angio EMF CCP MNG F value P value
Pyruvate % change (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.34 0.21 22.27
1.49
22.29 2.05 21.19 2.18 19.73 2.27 321.255 < 0.001
Pyruvate % change (Decrease with Doxy) Mean + SD 18.43 0.82 61.94
5.49
62.37 5.05 54.82 8.70 59.36 7.53 115.242 < 0.001
Hexokinase % change (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.21 0.16 23.67
1.65
21.66 1.94 22.27 2.18 22.51 2.32 292.065 < 0.001
Hexokinase % change (Decrease with Doxy) Mean + SD 18.56 0.76 69.25
2.33
67.03 5.97 62.99 5.47 62.70 3.24 317.966 < 0.001
11
Table 6. Effect of rutile and antibiotics on hydrogen peroxide and delta amino levulinic acid
Group Normal Muc Angio EMF CCP MNG F value P value
H2O2 % (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.43 0.19 23.64
1.50
H2O2 % (Decrease with Doxy) Mean + SD 18.13 0.63 60.44
23.29 1.67 23.38 1.79 22.00 1.77 380.721 < 0.001
6.83
60.52 5.38 57.37 7.45 61.39 7.47 171.228 < 0.001
ALA % (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.40 0.10 22.27
1.49
22.29 2.05 21.19 2.18 22.71 1.82 372.716 < 0.001
ALA % (Decrease with Doxy) Mean + SD 18.48 0.39 59.90
4.74
61.91 7.56 63.09 9.21 66.13 3.83 556.411 < 0.001
Table 7. Effect of rutile and antibiotics on ATP synthase and cytochrome F 420 Group Normal Muc Angio EMF CCP MNG F value P value
ATP synthase % (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.40 0.11 23.45
1.52
ATP synthase % (Decrease with Doxy) Mean + SD 18.78 0.11 67.05
23.37 1.31 22.53 1.92 23.39 1.14 449.503 < 0.001
4.84
63.97 3.62 66.31 3.10 68.11 3.02 673.081 < 0.001
CYT F420 % (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.48 0.15 23.72
1.76
22.70 1.87 21.31 1.37 22.17 2.01 306.749 < 0.001
CYT F420 % (Decrease with Doxy) Mean + SD 18.24 0.66 58.92
5.46
60.46 8.06 57.32 8.41 65.15 6.46 130.054 < 0.001
Abbreviations Muc Angio: Mucoid angiopathy EMF: Endomyocardial fibrosis CCP: Chronic calcific pancreatitis MNG: Multinodular goitre
Table 8. Incidence of autism in Nair, autistic and non-Nair population Autism
Percentage
Nair
Groups
68 cases
68
Non-Nair
32 cases
32
Total
100
12
Table 9. Anthropometric features in Nair, autistic and non-Nair population Neanderthal Anthropometric
Total Cases
Percentage
Nair
72 cases
100
72
Non-Nair
21 cases
100
21
Autism
81 cases
100
81
Groups
Table 10. Anthropometric features in EMF, CCP and MNG Neanderthal Anthropometric
Total Cases
Percentage
EMF
8 cases
10
80
CCP
6 cases
10
60
MNG
7 cases
10
70
Groups
Table 11. Incidence of EMF, CCP and MNG community-wise Cases
Percentage
EMF
Groups
8/10 cases
80
CCP
7/10 cases
70
MNG
9/10 cases
90
(Nair population is 7% of Kerala population)
Discussion Neanderthal anthropometric features were seen in autism, EMF, CCP and MNG which were more common in Nair community dominating the part of the Indian subcontinent derived from Lemuria. This suggests a Lemurian supercontinent origin of the homo neanderthalis. The homo neanderthalis shared the Lemurian super continent with another human species called homo floresiensis. Homo floresiensis has been detected in the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. The Nair community dominates the Kerala coast of South India. The Nair community is matrilineal and Dravidian. There are other civilizations speaking the Dravidian language important in human evolution like Harappa, Sumeria, Etruscia, Egypt and Basque country. These civilizations may have a Neanderthal substratum. They would have migrated to the Eurasian land mass from the Lemurian supercontinent when it was destroyed by Tsunamis in the Indian ocean. The tsunamis would have evolved due to archaeal overgrowth in the southern ocean during the ice age. The archaea are extremophiles. The 13
archaeal overgrowth in the Indian ocean bed in the ice age would have released methane. This would have triggered movement of the earth crust, earthquakes and tsunamis. The same endosymbiotic archaeal growth would have led to evolution of homo neanderthalis. The endosymbiotic archaeal metabolism in primates would have generated the species homo neanderthalis. The homo neanderthalis contributed to the civilizations of Harappa, Sumeria, Etruscia, Egypt, Basque and Celts. They were all matrilineal with gender equality. They had a symbolic language predominantly non-vocal. Music, dance and painting as a form of communication were prevalent in these societies. This is exemplified by the Harappan language dominated by Harappan seals and the Egyptian hieroglyphics. The concept of spirituality evolved in these societies including the worship of the mother goddess. There was increase in cytochrome F420 indicating archaeal growth in endomyocardial fibrosis, chronic calcific pancreatitis, multinodular goitre and mucoid angiopathy. The archaea can synthesize and use cholesterol as a carbon and energy source16,17. The archaeal origin of the enzyme activities was indicated by antibiotic induced suppression. The study indicates the presence of actinide based archaea with an alternate actinide based enzymes or metalloenzymes in the system as indicated by rutile induced increase in enzyme activities18. There was also an increase in archaeal HMG CoA reductase activity indicating increased cholesterol synthesis by the archaeal mevalonate pathway. The archaeal beta hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase activity indicating digoxin synthesis and archaeal cholesterol hydroxylase activity indicating bile acid synthesis were increased8. The archaeal cholesterol oxidase activity was increased resulting in generation of pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide17. The pyruvate gets converted to glutamate and ammonia by the GABA shunt pathway. The archaeal aromatization of cholesterol generating PAH, serotonin and dopamine was also detected19. The archaeal glycolytic hexokinase activity and archaeal extracellular ATP synthase activity were increased. There was an increase in free RNA indicating self replicating RNA viroids and free DNA indicating generation of viroid complementary DNA strands by archaeal reverse transcriptase activity. The actinides modulate RNA folding and catalyse its ribozymal action. Digoxin can cut and paste the viroidal strands by modulating RNA splicing generating RNA viroidal diversity. The viroids are evolutionarily escaped archaeal group I introns which have retrotransposition and self-splicing qualities20. Archaeal pyruvate can produce histone deacetylase inhibition resulting in endogenous retroviral (HERV) reverse transcriptase and integrase expression. This can integrate the RNA viroidal complementary DNA into the non-coding region of eukaryotic non-coding DNA using 14
HERV integrase as has been described for borna and ebola viruses21. The non-coding DNA is lengthened by integrating RNA viroidal complementary DNA with the integration going on as a continuing event. The archaea genome can also get integrated into human genome using integrase as has been described for trypanosomes22. The integrated viroids and archaea can undergo vertical transmission and can exist as genomic parasites21,22. This increases the length and alters the grammar of the non-coding region producing memes or memory of acquired characters23. The viroidal complementary DNA can function as jumping genes producing a dynamic genome and changing DNA sequences. The RNA viroids can regulate mRNA function by RNA interference20. The phenomenon of RNA interference can modulate euchromatin/heterochromatin expression. RNA viroidal mRNA interference plays a role in the pathogenesis of endomyocardial fibrosis, chronic calcific pancreatitis, multinodular goitre and mucoid angiopathy. The viroidal RNA modulation of T cell and B cell function by mRNA interference can lead to immune activation. Monocytic infiltration of the vascular wall, cardiac and endocrine tissue can produce reactive connective tissue macromolecular deposition contributing to EMF, CCP, MNG and mucoid angiopathy. The viroidal RNA mediated mRNA interference can also inhibit insulin signalling and secretion leading onto CCP. The viroid RNA can inhibit thyroid hormone secretion and action by mRNA interference leading to increased TSH secretion and multinodular goitre. The presence of muramic acid, HMG CoA reductase and cholesterol oxidase activity inhibited by antibiotics indicates the presence of bacteria with mevalonate pathway. The bacterial with mevalonate pathway include streptococcus, staphylococcus, actinomycetes, listeria, coxiella and borrelia24. The bacteria and archaea with mevalonate pathway and cholesterol catabolism had an evolutionarily advantage and constitutes the isoprenoidal clade organism with the archaea evolving into mevalonate pathway gram positive and gram negative organism through horizontal gene transfer of viroidal and virus genes25. The isoprenoidal clade prokaryotes develop into other groups of prokaryotes via viroidal/virus as well as eukaryotic horizontal gene transfer producing bacterial speciation26. The RNA viroids and its complementary DNA developed into cholesterol enveloped RNA and DNA viruses like herpes, retrovirus, influenza virus, borna virus, cytomegalo virus and ebstein barr virus by recombining with eukaryotic and human genes resulting in viral speciation. Bacterial and viral species are ill defined and fuzzy with all of them forming one common genetic pool with frequent horizontal gene transfer and recombination. Thus the multi and unicellular eukaryote with its genes serves the purpose of prokaryotic and viral speciation. The 15
multicellular eukaryote developed so that their endosymbiotic archaeal colonies could survive and forage better. The multicellular eukaryotes are like bacterial biofilms. The archaea and bacteria with a mevalonate pathway uses the extracellular RNA viroids and DNA viroids for quorum sensing and in the generation of symbiotic biofilm like structures which develop into multicellular eukaryotes27,28. The endosymbiotic archaea and bacteria with mevalonate pathway still uses the RNA viroids and DNA viroids for the regulation of multicellular eukaryote. Pollution is induced by the primitive nanoarchaea and mevalonate pathway bacteria synthesized PAH and methane leading on to redox stress. Redox stress leads to sodium potassium ATPase inhibition, inward movement of plasma membrane cholesterol, defective SREBP sensing, increased cholesterol synthesis and nanoarchaeal/mevalonate pathway bacterial growth29. Redox stress leads on to viroidal and archaeal multiplication. Redox stress can also lead to HERV reverse transcriptase and integrase expression. The noncoding DNA is formed of integrating RNA viroidal complementary DNA and archaea with the integration going on as a continuing event. The change in the length and grammar of the non-coding region produces eukaryotic speciation and individuality30. Thus actinidic nanoarchaea would have contributed to the evolution of the multicellular eukaryote, primates and humans. Changes in the length of non-coding region especially due to integration of viroid complementary DNA and archaea and the resulting jumping genes lead to new DNA sequences possibly contributes to EMF, CCP, MNG and mucoid angiopathy31. The integrated viroidal, archaeal and mevalonate pathway bacterial sequences can undergo vertical transmission and can exist as genomic parasites. The genomic integrated archaea, mevalonate pathway bacteria and viroids form a genomic reserve of bacteria and viruses which can recombine with human and eukaryotic genes producing bacterial and viral speciation. Archaea and mevalonate pathway bacteria can lead onto EMF, CCP, MNG and mucoid angiopathy. The persistent symbiosis leads to reparative connective tissue macromolecular deposition of acidic mucopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, collagen and elastin leading to fibrotic changes in the heart, vessel wall, thyroid and pancreas contributing to EMF, CCP, MNG and mucoid angiopathy4,32. The integration of nanoarchaea, mevalonate pathway prokaryotes and viroids in to the eukaryotic and human genome produces a chimera which can multiply producing biofilm like multicellular structures having a mixed archaeal, viroidal, prokaryotic and eukaryotic characters which is a regression from the multicellular eukaryotic tissue. This results in a new metabolic and immune phenotype or microchimeras leading on to human diseases like EMF, CCP, MNG and mucoid angiopathy with a predilection to develop malignancy. Microchimeras can lead to cellular polyploidy important 16
in malignant transformation and induction of carcinoma of thyroid and pancreas. The growth of archaea in the vascular, cardiac and endocrine tissues can result in calcification. The archaea can form calcified nanoarchaeal structures which can exist as colonies in slime. The archaea can undergo magnetite and calcium carbonate mineralization and can exist as calcified nanoforms33. The calcified nanoarchaea can contribute to the tissue calcification noted in CCP, MNG and mucoid angiopathy. Archaea and RNA viroid can bind the TLR receptor induce NFKB producing immune activation and cytokine TNF alpha secretion. The archaeal DXP and mevalonate pathway metabolites can bind JG TCR and digoxin induced calcium signalling can activate NFKB producing chronic immune activation4,34. The archaea and viroid can induce chronic immune activation and generation of superantigens. The archaea and viroid induced chronic immune activation can lead to monocyte infiltration of the vessel wall, cardiac and endocrine tissues leading on to reparative connective tissue macromolecular deposition. Immune activation results in induction of NADPH oxidase which generates hydrogen peroxide. Cholesterol oxidase activity also generates hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide can produce tissue injury in MNG, CCP, EMF and mucoid angiopathy contributing to reparative connective tissue macromolecular deposition. Immune activation can also produce insulin resistance. TNF alpha produced by chronic immune activation can modulate the insulin receptor producing insulin resistance35. Chronic immune activation and cholesterol oxidase generated hydrogen peroxide can induce neutral sphingomyelinase generating ceramide producing insulin resistance36. This can contribute to chronic calcific pancreatitis. Immune activation and NFKB induction can suppress the thyroid hormone receptor resulting in hypothyroidism and increased TSH levels contributing to thyroid gland enlargement and multinodular goitre. Immune activation and NFKB induction can suppress the nuclear receptors LXR, PXR and FXR. FXR suppression can also lead to insulin resistance as well as increased connective tissue MPS deposition in vessel wall, cardiac tissue and endocrine tissue. LXR suppression by NFKB stimulates HMG CoA reductase activity and suppresses cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase activity37. This stimulates cholesterol synthesis and inhibits its degradation via the bile acid pathway. PXR suppression by NFKB prevents cholesterol detoxification via the bile acid shunt pathway38. Thus LXR and PXR suppression by NFKB produces acute cholesterol toxicity. The increased cholesterol in the system leads to still further archaeal multiplication and growth as they depend on cholesterol as a carbon and energy source.
17
Archaea, viroids and digoxin can induce the host AKT PI3K, AMPK, HIF alpha and NFKB producing the Warburg metabolic phenotype39. The increased glycolytic hexokinase activity, decrease in blood ATP, leakage of cytochrome C, increase in serum pyruvate and decrease in acetyl CoA indicates the generation of the Warburg phenotype. There is induction of glycolysis, inhibition of PDH activity and mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in inefficient energetics. Mitochondrial dysfunction owing to the Warburg’s phenotype can contribute to ineffective glucose utilisation and CCP. The accumulated pyruvate enters the GABA shunt pathway and is converted to citrate which is acted upon by citrate lyase and converted to acetyl CoA, used for cholesterol synthesis39. The increased cholesterol substrate also leads to increased archaeal growth and digoxin synthesis due to metabolic channelling to the mevalonate pathway. The Warburg phenotype leads to increased lipid synthesis and defective beta oxidation of fatty acids. The myocardium depends on fatty acids beta oxidation for energetics. The defective beta oxidation of fatty acids leads to myocardial dysfunction and EMF. The Warburg phenotype leads to upregulated glycolysis and increase in the metabolite fructose 1,6-diphosphate which is channelled to the pentose phosphate pathway. This can generate UDP sugars used for mucopolysaccharide synthesis. This results in acidic MPS deposition in the tissues leading onto EMF, CCP, MNG and mucoid angiopathy. The pyruvate can be converted to glutamate and ammonia which is oxidised by archaea for energy needs. Ammonia can stimulate membrane sodium potassium ATPase, increase ATP utilisation and produce mitochondrial transmembrane potential changes leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. This causes defective glucose utilisation contributing to CCP. Archaeal urease can convert urea to ammonia and thiocyanate. Increase cyanide load in the system can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction3. Cyanide related mitochondrial dysfunction can produce EMF, CCP and MNG. It produces defective cardiac function, decreased glucose utilisation and impaired iodide transport into the thyroid follicular cells. The Warburg phenotype can also lead onto malignant transformation. The upregulated glycolysis results in increased mitochondrial PT pore hexokinase and cell proliferation producing carcinoma of thyroid and pancreas. Digoxin can produce sodium potassium ATPase inhibition and inward movement of plasma membrane cholesterol. This produces defective SREBP sensing, increased HMG CoA reductase activity and cholesterol synthesis29. The digoxin induced inward movement of plasma membrane cholesterol can alter membrane cholesterol/sphingomyelin ratio producing modified lipid microdomains40. The digoxin induced lipid microdomain modulation can 18
regulate the GPCR couple adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucagon and neuropeptide receptors as well as protein tyrosine kinase linked insulin receptor. This can lead onto CCP. The digoxin mediated inhibition of nuclear membrane sodium potassium ATPase can modulate nuclear membrane lipid microdomains and thyroxine DNA receptor function. This can lead onto hypothyroidism, increased TSH levels and thyroid gland enlargement contributing to MNG. Digoxin can produce intracellular hypercalcemia and hypomagnesemia. This can lead on to vasospasm and thrombosis. Intracellular hypercalcemia can activate the G-protein coupled thrombin receptor and PAF receptor producing thrombosis. Intracellular magnesium deficiency can lead onto increased thrombin and ADP/collagen induced platelet aggregation. This leads onto the thrombotic state in mucoid angiopathy. The decreased intracellular magnesium can produce ATP synthase inhibition and the increased intracellular calcium can produce mitochondrial PT pore dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction can contribute to decreased glucose utilisation in CCP and myocardial dysfunction in EMF. Digoxin can produce sodium potassium ATPase inhibition and intracellular hypomagnesemia. The increased tissue rutile load can lead to rutile-magnesium exchange leading onto intracellular hypomagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia
can lead onto upregulated connective tissue
macromolecular synthesis contributing to MNG, CCP, EMF and mucoid angiopathy. Acidic MPS deposition in the vessel wall leads to a hose pipe narrowing of the entire vascular tree leading onto mucoid angiopathy. Acidic MPS, collagen and elastin deposition of the heart leads to EMF. Hyperdigoxinemia is important in the pathogenesis of EMF, CCP, MNG and mucoid angiopathy. Digoxin induced sodium potassium ATPase inhibition results in an ATP sparing effect41. Eighty percent of the ATP generated is used to run the sodium-potassium ATPase pump. The digoxin inhibition of the sodium potassium ATPase spares this ATP which is then used for lipid and cholesterol synthesis. Fat also fuels insulin resistance by binding to the toll receptor and producing immune activation and immune infiltration of the adipose tissue. Digoxin can also increase lymphocytic intracellular calcium which leads on to induction of NFKB and immune activation4. The archaeal cholesterol catabolism can deplete the lymphocytic cell membranes of cholesterol resulting in alteration of lymphocytic cell membrane microdomains related receptors producing immune activation, monocytic infiltration and reparative connective tissue macromolecular deposition. NMDA can be activated by digoxin induced calcium oscillations, PAH and viroid induced RNA interference4. The cholesterol ring oxidase generated pyruvate can be converted by the GABA shunt pathway to glutamate. Glutamatergic transmission can lead to immune 19
activation. Immune activation can lead to reparative connective tissue macromolecular deposition in EMF, CCP, MNG and mucoid angiopathy. The cholesterol aromatase generated serotonin is well known to produce connective tissue macromolecule especially collagen deposition producing the fibrotic changes in EMF, mucoid angiopathy, MNG and CCP. The archaeal cholesterol aromatase can generate PAH19. The PAH can also lead to insulin resistance and CCP. PAH can also inhibit thyroid hormone receptor function contributing to hypothyroidism, increased TSH, thyroid enlargement and MNG. Particulate pollution has been related to vascular thrombosis and can lead to mucoid angiopathy. PAH particles are also known to produce myocardial dysfunction. Thus the actinide, viroid and mevalonate pathway bacteria induced metabolic, genetic, immune and neuronal transmission changes can lead onto endemic EMF, CCP, MNG and mucoid angiopathy. The term archaea and viroid induced endemic cardiovascular and endocrine mucopolysaccharidoses can be used to describe this entity. The metal actinides provide radiolytic energy, catalysis for oligomer formation and provide a coordinating ion for metalloenzymes all important in abiogenesis6. The metal actinide surfaces would by surface metabolism generate acetate which could get converted to acetyl CoA and then to cholesterol which functions as the primal prebiotic molecule self organizing into self-replicating supramolecular systems, the lipid organism42. Cholesterol by radiolysis by actinides would have formed PAH generating PAH aromatic organism8. Cholesterol radiolysis would generate pyruvate which would get converted to amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, porphyrins, fatty acids and TCA acids. Anastase and rutile surfaces can produce polymerization of amino acids, isoprenyl residues, PAH and nucleotides to generate the initial lipid organism, PAH organism, prions and RNA viroids which would have symbiosed to generate the archaeal protocell. The archaea evolved into gram negative and gram positive bacteria with a mevalonate pathway which had an evolutionary advantage and the symbiosis of archaea with gram negative organism generated the eukaryotic cell43. The data supports the persistence of an actinide and cholesterol based shadow biosphere which throws light on the actinide based origin of life and cholesterol as the premier prebiotic molecule. The presence of placer deposits and mineral sands containing monazite, illmenite, rutile and thorium in the Lemurian supercontinent would have made it the ideal place for the primitive cell, nanoarchaea, eukaryote, multicellular eukaryote, primates and humans to evolve. Anthropological studies have provided evidence for the evolution of primates and homo sapiens in the rift valley of Kenya part of the prehistoric Lemurian continent. 20
The archaea can synthesize magnetite by biomineralisation. The archaeal cholesterol catabolism can generate PAH. The archaea can exist as nanoarchaea and can have calcified nanoforms. The actinidic magnetotactic nanoarchaea and its secreted PAH organisms are extremophiles and survive in the interstellar space and can contribute to the interstellar grains and magnetic fields which play a role in the formation of the galaxies and star systems44. The cosmic dust grains occupy the intergalactic space and are thought to be formed of magnetotactic bacteria identified according to their spectral signatures. According to the Hoyle’s hypothesis, the cosmic dust magnetotactic bacteria play a role in the formation of the intergalactic magnetic field. A magnetic field equal in strength to about one millionth part of the magnetic field of earth exists throughout much of our galaxy. The magnetic files can be used to trace the spiral arms of the galaxy following a pattern of field lines that connect young stars and dust in which new stars are formed at a rapid rate. Studies have shown that a fraction of the dust particles have elongated shape similar to bacilli and they are systematically lined up in our galaxy. Moreover the direction of alignment is such that the long axes of the dust tend to be at right angles to the direction of the galactic magnetic field at every point. Magnetotactic bacteria have the property to affect the degree of alignment that is observed. The fact that the magnetotactic bacteria appear to be connected to the magnetic field lines that thread through the spiral arms of the galaxy connecting one region of star formation to another support a role for them in star formation and in the mass distribution and rotation of stars. The nutrient supply for a population of interstellar bacteria comes from mass flows out of supernovas populating the galaxy. Giants arising in the evolution of such stars experience a phenomenon in which material containing nitrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, helium, water and trace elements essential for life flows continuously outward into space. The interstellar bacteria need liquid water. Water exists only as vapour or solid in the interstellar space and only through star formation leading to associated planets and cometary bodies can there be access to liquid water. To control conditions leading to star formation is of paramount importance in cosmic biology. The rate of star formation is controlled by two factors: Too high a rate of star formation produces a destructive effect of UV radiation and destroys cosmic biology. Star formation as stated before produces water crucial for bacterial growth. Cosmic biology of magnetotactic bacteria and star formation are thus closely interlinked. Systems like solar systems do not arise in random condensation of blobs of interstellar gas. Only by a rigorous control of rotation of various parts of the system would galaxies and solar system evolved. The key to maintaining control over rotation seems to lie in the intergalactic magnetic field as indeed the whole phenomena of star formation. The 21
intergalactic magnetic fields owes its origin to the lining up of magnetotactic bacteria and the cosmic biology of interstellar bacteria can prosper only by maintaining a firm grip on the interstellar magnetic field and hence on the rate of star formation and type of star system produced. This points to a cosmic intelligence or brain capable of computation, analysis and exploration of the universe at large- of magnetotactic bacterial networks. The origin of life on earth according to the Hoyle’s hypothesis would be by seeding of bacteria from the outer intergalactic space. Comets carrying microorganisms would have interacted with the earth. A thin skin of graphitized material around a single bacteria or clumps of bacteria can shield the interior from destruction by UV light. The sudden surge and diversification of species of plants and animals and their equally sudden extinction has seen from fossil records point to sporadic evolution produced by induction of fresh cometary genes with the arrival of each major new crop of comets45,46. The interstellar PAH aromatic organism is formed from nanoarchaeal cholesterol catabolism. The PAH and cholesterol are the interconvertible primal prebiotic molecules. PAH aromatic organism and nanoarchaeal magnetite can have a wave particle existence and bridge the world of bosons and fermions. The nanoarchaea can form biofilms and the PAH aromatic organism can form a molecular quantum computing cloud in the biofilm which forms a interstellar intelligence regulating the formation of star systems and galaxies. The magnetite loaded nanoarchaeal biofilms and PAH aromatic organism quantal computing cloud can bridge the wave particle world functioning as the anthropic observer sensing gravity which orchestrates the reduction of the quantal world of possibilities in to the macroscopic world. The actinide based nanoarchaea can regulate the earth’s carbon cycle by methanogenesis, nitrogen cycle by ammonia oxidation and rain formation by contributing the seeding nucleus. The earth’s temperature and global warming and cooling are regulated by nanoarchaeal synthesized PAH from cholesterol and methanogenesis. The increased nanoarchaeal growth in ocean beds and soil leads to increased methane production and movement of the earth’s crust producing tsunamis and massive earthquake leading to catastrophic mass extinction47. This nanoarchaeal growth in the Southern ocean and Indian ocean bed due to global warming induced by civilizational progress and human activity would have led to methane burps in the ocean bed contributing to massive earthquakes leading onto Tsunamis. This would have led to catastrophic destruction of the Lemurian supercontinent. The migration of the Lemurian survivors into the Indian sub-continent Indus valley, the Nile valley and the Mesopotamian valley would have contributed to the origin of the Harappan, Sumerian and Egyptian civilization which have all evolved during the same period of human history.48,49 The eternal nanoarchaea survive and start the cycle of evolution 22
once more. The actinide based nanoarchaea regulates the human system and biological universe. The coexistence of EMF, CCP and MNG in South India, South Africa, Australia and South America is thus an indirect evidence for the existence of the Lemurian supercontinent containing these land masses. The actinidic nanoarchaeal growth would have led to methane burps in the ocean bed contributing to earthquakes and Tsunamis producing extinction of the Lemurian supercontinent. It also supports the abiogenesis on radioactive actinidic beach sands through the process of surface metabolism. This gives support to the role of actinidic archaea as the third element that controls life and its role in the evolution of the multicellular eukaryote, primates and humans. Civilization and humans would have evolved in the placer deposits and actinidic sand rich pre-historic Lemurian supercontinent in the Indian and Southern ocean.48,49 The increased incidence of EMF, CCP, MNG and autism in the Nair community and the increased prevalence of the Neanderthal anthropometric features in the Nair community and in EMF, CCP, MNG and autism suggests a Lemurian origin for homo neanderthalis. This suggests an out of oceania hypothesis for homo neanderthalis with later migration to the Eurasian land mass consequent to destruction of the supercontinent by Tsunamis. The Tsunamis would have been precipitated by increased archaeal growth in the oceanic beds and movements in the earth crust produced by released methane. The homo neanderthalis also originated due to increased endosymbiotic actinidic archaeal growth.
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CHAPTER 2 NEONEANDERTHAL HYBRIDS - CLIMATE CHANGE MEDIATED ACTINIDIC ARCHAEAL ENDOSYMBIOSIS GENERATES NEANDERTHAL HYBRIDS AND MIND-BODY PHENOTYPIC CHANGE - HOMO NEONEANDERTHALIS
Introduction Actinidic archaea has been related to global warming and human diseases especially autoimmune disease, neurodegeneration, neuropsychiatric disorder, neoplasm and metabolic syndrome x. The growth of endosymbiotic actinidic archaea in relation to climate change and global warming leads to neanderthalisation of the human mind-body system. Neanderthal anthropometry and metabolonomics has been described in autoimmune disease, neurodegeneration, neuropsychiatric disorder, neoplasm and metabolic syndrome x especially the Warburg phenotype and hyperdigoxinemia. Digoxin produced by archaeal cholesterol catabolism produces Neanderthalisation. Prefrontal cortical atrophy and cerebellar hyperplasia has been related to autoimmune disease, neurodegeneration, neuropsychiatric disorder, neoplasm and metabolic syndrome x in this communication. This leads on to dysautonomia with sympathetic hyperactivity and parasympathetic neuropathy in these disorders. Actinidic archaeal related cerebellar dominance leads to changes in brain function.1-16 The data is described in this paper.
Materials and Methods Fifteen cases, each of autoimmune disease, neurodegeneration, neuropsychiatric disorder, neoplasm, metabolic syndrome x and internet addicts were selected for the study. Each case had an age and sex matched control. Neanderthal anthropometric and phenotypic measurements which included protruding supra-orbital ridges, dolichocephalic skull, small mandible, prominent mid face and nose, short upper and lower limbs, prominent trunk, low index finger-ring finger ratio and fair complexion were evaluated in the cases study. Autonomic function tests were done to assess the sympathetic and parasympathetic system in each case. CT scan of the head was done to have a volumetric assessment of the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Blood cytochrome F420 activity was assessed by spectrophotometric measurement.
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Results All the case groups studied had higher percentage of Neanderthal anthropometric and phenotypic measurements. There was low index finger-ring finger ratio suggestive of high testosterone levels in all the patient population studied. In all the case groups studied, there also was prefrontal cortex atrophy and cerebellar hyperplasia. Similarly in the all the case groups studied, there was dysautonomia with sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic neuropathy. Cytochrome F420 was detected in the entire case group studied showing endosymbiotic archaeal overgrowth.
Table 1. Neanderthal phenotype and systemic disease Disease
Cyt F420
Neanderthal phenotype
Low index finger-ring finger ratio 65%
Schizophrenia
69%
75%
Autism
80%
75%
72%
Alzheimer’s disease
89%
65%
75%
Parkinson’s disease
70%
71%
80%
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
72%
60%
69%
Multiple myeloma Diabetes mellitus with stroke and CAD SLE/Lupus
70%
68%
74%
65%
72%
72%
75%
85%
74%
Multiple sclerosis
80%
75%
75%
Internet users
65%
72%
69%
Table 2: Neanderthal phenotype and brain dysfunction
Schizophrenia
65%
Prefrontal cortex atrophy 60%
Autism
72%
69%
72%
Disease
Dysautonomia
Cerebellar hypertrophy 70%
Alzheimer’s disease
60%
72%
60%
Parkinson’s disease
62%
71%
68%
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
79%
65%
75%
Multiple myeloma Diabetes mellitus with stroke and CAD SLE/Lupus
69%
72%
80%
64%
84%
69%
75%
73%
72%
Multiple sclerosis
69%
74%
76%
Internet users
74%
84%
82%
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Discussion Neanderthal metabolonomics contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders. There were Neanderthal phenotypic features in all the case groups studied as well as low index finger-ring finger ratios suggestive of increased testosterone levels. Neanderthalisation of the mind-body system occurs due to increased growth of actinidic archaea as a consequence of global warming. Neanderthalisation of the mind leads to cerebellar dominance and prefrontal cortex atrophy. This leads to dysautonomia with parasympathetic neuropathy and sympathetic hyperactivity. Global warming and the ice age produces increased growth of extremophiles. This leads to increased growth of actinidic archaeal endosymbiosis in humans. There is archaeal proliferation in the gut which enters the cerebellum and brain stem by reverse axonal transport via the vagus. The cerebellum and brain stem can be considered as an archaeal colony. The archaea are cholesterol catabolizing and use cholesterol as a carbon and energy source. The actinidic archaea activates the toll receptor HIF alpha inducing the Warburg phenotype resulting in increased glycolysis with generation of glycine as well as pyruvate dehydrogenase suppression. The accumulated pyruvate enters the GABA shunt generating of succinyl CoA and glycine. The archaeal catabolism of cholesterol produces ring oxidation and generation of pyruvate which also enters the GABA shunt scheme producing glycine and succinyl CoA. This leads to increased synthesis of porphyrins. In the setting of digoxin induced sodium potassium ATPase inhibition the dipolar porphyrins produce a pumped phonon system resulting in the Frohlich model Bose-Einstein condensate and quantal perception of low level EMF. Low level EMF pollution is common with internet usage. Perception of low level of EMF leads to neanderthalisation of the brain with prefrontal cortex atrophy and cerebellar hyperplasia. The archaea which reaches the cerebellum from the gut via the vagus nerve proliferates and makes the cerebellum dominant with resultant suppression and atrophy of the prefrontal cortex. This leads to wide spread autistic and schizophrenic traits in population. The actinidic archaea induces the Warburg phenotype with increased glycolysis, PDH inhibition and mitochondrial suppression. This produces neanderthalisation of the mind-body system. The actinidic archaea secretes RNA viroids which block HERV expression by RNA interference. The HERV suppression contributes to the inhibition of prefrontal cortex development in Neanderthals and cerebellar dominance. Archaeal digoxin produces sodium potassium ATPase inhibition and magnesium depletion causing reverse transcriptase inhibition and decreased generation of HERV. The HERV 29
contributes to the dynamicity of the genome and are required for the development of the prefrontal cortex. The HERV suppression contributes to retroviral resistance in Neanderthals. The actinidic archaea catabolizes cholesterol leading to cholesterol depleted state. Cholesterol depletion also leads to poor synaptic connectivity and decreased development of prefrontal cortex. This is not genetic change but a form of symbiotic change with endosymbiotic actinidic archaeal growth in the body and brain. Internet use and low level EMF pollution is common in this century. This results in increased low level EMF perception by the brain by the digoxin-porphyrin mediated pumped phonon system created Bose-Einstein condensates contributing to prefrontal cortex atrophy and cerebellar dominance. Cerebellar dominance leads to schizophrenia and autism. There is an epidemic of autism and schizophrenia in the present day community. The porphyrin mediated extrasensory perception can contribute to communication among Neanderthals. Neanderthals did not have a language and used extrasensory perception as a form of group communication. Because of dominant extrasensory quantal perception, the Neanderthals did not have individual identity but only group identity. Cerebellar dominance results in creativity consequent to quantal perception and group perception. The Neanderthalic traits contribute to innovation and creativity. Cerebellar dominance results in development of a symbolic language. The Neanderthals used dance and music as a form of communication. Painting as a form of communication was also common in Neanderthals. Neanderthal behaviour was robotic. Robotic behaviour is characteristic of cerebellar dominance. Robotic, symbolic and ritualistic behaviour is common with cerebellar dominance and is seen in autistic traits. The cerebellar dominance in Neanderthals leads to intuitive intelligence and a hypnotic quality to communication. The increased extrasensory quantal perception leads to more communion with nature and a form of eco-spirituality. The increasing use of dance and music as a form of communication and eco-spirituality is common in the modern century along with increased incidence of autism. The cholesterol depletion leads to bile acid deficiency and generation of small social groups in Neanderthals. Bile acid binds to olfactory receptors and contributes to group identity. This can also contributes to the generation of autistic features in Neanderthals. The Neanderthal population was predominantly autistic and schizophrenic. The modern population is a hybrid of homo sapiens and homo neanderthalis. This contributes to 10 to 20% dominant hybrids who tend to have schizophrenic and autistic qualities and 30
contributes to creativity of civilization. The Neanderthals tend to be innovative and chaotic. They tend to be creative in art, literature, dance, spirituality and science. Eighty per cent of less dominant hybrids are stable and contribute to a stabilizing influence leading to growth of civilization. The homo sapiens were stable and non-creative over a long period of their existence. There was a burst of creativity with generation of music, dance, painting, ornaments, the creation of concept of God and compassionate group behaviour around 10,000 years ago in the homo sapiens community. This correlated with the generation of Neanderthal hybrids when the Eurasian Neanderthal male mated with homo sapiens African females. The extrasensory/quantal perception due to dipolar porphyrins and digoxin induced sodium potassium ATPase inhibition and the generated pumped phonon system mediated quantal perception leads to the globalisation phenomena and feeling of the world being a global village. The archaeal cholesterol catabolism leads to increased synthesis of digoxin. Digoxin promotes tryptophan transport over tyrosine. Tyrosine deficiency leads to dopamine deficiency and morphine deficiency. This leads to a morphine deficiency syndrome in Neanderthals. This contributes to addiction traits and creativity. The increased tryptophan levels produce increased alkaloids like LSD contributing to ecstasy and spirituality of Neanderthal population. Addictive, ADHD and autistic features are related to the morphine deficiency state. The ketogenic diet consumed by the meat eating Neanderthals leads on to increased generation of hydroxy butyric acid which produces ecstasy and a dissociative type of anaesthesia contributing to the Neanderthal psychology. The dopamine deficiency leads to decreased melanin synthesis and fairness of the population. This was responsible for the fair colour of the Neanderthals. The Neanderthals were essentially meat eaters taking a ketogenic diet. The acetoacetic acid is converted to acetyl CoA which enters the TCA cycle. When the Neanderthal hybrids consume a glucogenic diet owing to the spread of settled civilization it produces pyruvate accumulation owing to PDH suppression in Neanderthals. The increased archaeal growth activates the toll receptor and induces HIF alpha resulting in increased glycolysis, PDH suppression and mitochondrial dysfunction- the Warburg phenotype. The pyruvate enters the GABA shunt pathway producing glutamate, ammonia and porphyrins resulting in neuropathology of autism and schizophrenia. Neanderthals consuming a ketogenic diet produces more of GABA an inhibitory neurotransmitter resulting in the docile quiet nature of the Neanderthals. There is less production of glutamate the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter of the prefrontal cortex and consciousness pathways. This leads onto 31
dominance of cerebellar function. The Neanderthal hybrids have cerebellar dominance and less of conscious behaviour. Cerebellum is responsible for intuititive, unconscious behaviour as well as creativity and spirituality. The cerebellum is the site of extrasensory perception, magical acts and hypnosis. The predominant homo sapiens had prefrontal cortex dominance over the cerebellum resulting in more of conscious behaviour. The Neanderthals consuming a glucogenic diet produces increased glycolysis in the setting of PDH inhibition. This produces the Warburg phenotype. There is increased lymphocytic glycolysis producing autoimmune diseases and immune activation. The increased levels of GAPD result in nuclear cell death and neurodegeneration. The predominance of glycolysis and suppression of mitochondrial function results in glycemia and metabolic syndrome x. The increased mitochondrial PT pore hexokinase leads to cell proliferation and oncogenesis. The glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to glycine resulting in NMDA excitotoxicity contributing to schizophrenia and autism. Cerebellar dominance is reported in schizophrenia and autism. The cerebellar hyperplasia results in sympathetic hyperactivity and parasympathetic neuropathy. This contributes to cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Vagal neuropathy results in immune activation and autoimmune disease. Vagal neuropathy and sympathetic overactivity can contribute to glycogenolysis and lipolysis resulting in metabolic syndrome x. Cerebellar dominance and cerebellar cognitive affective dysfunction can contribute to schizophrenia and autism. The increased porphyrin synthesis resulting from succinyl CoA generated by GABA shunt and glycine generated by glycolysis contributes to increased extrasensory perception important in schizophrenia and autism. Sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic neuropathy can contribute to neurodegeneration. The archaeal cholesterol catabolism generates digoxin which produces sodium potassium ATPase inhibition and increase in intracellular calcium and decrease in intracellular magnesium. The increase in intracellular calcium produces oncogene activation and NFKB activation resulting in malignancies and autoimmune diseases. The increase in intracellular calcium opens the mitochondrial PT pore resulting in cell death and neurodegeneration. The increase in intracellular calcium can modulate the neurotransmitter release from presynaptic vesicles. This can modulate neurotransmission. Digoxin induced magnesium depletion can remove the magnesium block on the NMDA receptor resulting in NMDA excitotoxicity. Digoxin can modulate the glutamatergic thalamo-cortico-thalamic 32
pathway and consciousness resulting in schizophrenia and autism. Digoxin induced magnesium depletion can inhibit reverse transcriptase activity and HERV generation modulating the dynamicity of the genome. Digoxin induced intracellular calcium accumulation and magnesium depletion can modulate G-protein and protein tyrosine kinase dependent neurotransmitter and endocrine receptors. This can produce digoxin induced neuro-immuno-endocrine integration. Digoxin functions as a Neanderthal master hormone. The actinidic archaea are cholesterol catabolizing and leads to low levels of testosterone and estrogen. This leads on to asexual features and low reproductive rates of the Neanderthal population. The Neanderthals consume a low fibre diet with low lignan content. The actinidic archaea has cholesterol catabolizing enzymes generating more of testosterone than estrogens. This contributes to estrogen deficiency and testosterone overactivity. The Neanderthal population is hypermales with concomitant right hemispheric dominance and cerebellar dominance. Testosterone suppresses left hemispheric function. The high testosterone levels in Neanderthals contribute to a bigger brain. The Neanderthals males as well as females had a higher level of testosterone contributing to gender equality and gender neutral states. There was group identity and group motherhood with no differences between roles of both males and females. This also resulted in matrilinearity. The higher testosterone levels in males as well as females led to alternate type of sexuality and aberrant behaviour. The homo sapiens eat a high fibre diet with low cholesterol and high lignan content contributing to estrogen dominance, left hemispheric dominance and cerebellar hypoplasia. Homo sapiens had higher reproductive rates and overtook the Neanderthal population resulting in its extinction. The homo sapien population was conservative with normal sexual mores, family values and patriarchal type of behaviour. The role of females the homo sapien community was inferior to males. The increasing generation of Neanderthal hybrids due to climate change mediated archaeal overgrowth leads to gender equality and equidominance of male and female in this century. The cholesterol catabolism results in cholesterol depletion and bile acid deficiency. Bile acids bind to VDR and are immunomodulatory. Bile acid deficiency leads to immune activation and autoimmune disease. Bile acids bind to FXR, LXR and PXR modulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. This leads to metabolic syndrome x in the presence of bile acid deficiency. Bile acid uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and its deficiency leads to obesity of metabolic syndrome x. Bile acids bind to olfactory receptors and are important in group 33
identity. Bile acid deficiency leads to formation of small social groups in Neanderthals and genesis of autism. Cholesterol depletion also leads to vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D binds to VDR and produces immunomodulation. Vitamin D deficiency leads to immune activation and autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D deficiency can also produce rickets and contribute to the phenotypic features of Neanderthals. Vitamin D deficiency can contribute to brain development resulting in macrocephaly. Vitamin D deficiency contributes to insulin resistance and truncal obesity of Neanderthals. Vitamin D deficiency contributes to the fairness of the Neanderthal skin as a phenotypic adaptation. The Neanderthal phenotypic features are due to vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance. Thus global warming and increased endosymbiotic actinidic archaeal growth leads to cholesterol catabolism and generation of the Warburg phenotype resulting in increased porphyrin synthesis, extrasensory low EMF perception, prefrontal cortex atrophy, insulin resistance and cerebellar dominance. This leads on to neanderthalisation of the body and brain.
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CHAPTER 3 CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN SPECIES - HOMO NEANDERTHALIS, HOMO SAPIENS, HOMO SAPIEN EXTINCTUS AND HOMO NEONEANDERTHALIS CLIMATE CHANGE AND EVOLUTION OF NEW SPECIES
Endosymbiotic archaea and species evolution The global warming leads to endosymbiotic as well as colonic archaeal growth leading to alteration in the structure and function of the human body and system. The archaeal overgrowth within the cells leads to generation of new cellular organelle called archaeaons. The archaea have the shikimate pathway which can synthesize tyrosine and dopamine. Dopamine can be converted to dopachrome and epinephrine to adrenochrome. Dopachrome and adrenochrome can polymerize by oxidation generating melanin. The archaeaons secreting melanin can be called as archaeal melanosomes. The melanin in melanosomes has the wide range of absorption of the light spectra and gamma radiation and can transduct it to generate energy. This energy transduction can split water into H2 and O2 and generate protons modulating the proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane synthesizing ATP. The melanin in the melanosome can absorb photons reducing ubiquinone to ubiquinol and generate ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. Thus the melanin in the archaeaons in the human cell can function as photosynthetic organelle. The archaeaons and their melanin can utilize gamma radiation to synthesize ATP and can exist in extreme conditions. Thus the archaeaons can produce a source of energy from light and electromagnetic waves and gamma radiation. The melanin is capable of transducting electromagnetic waves and low level electromagnetic fields and can be capable of quantal perception. Thus the melanin in the melanosomes is capable of information sensing and storage as well as energy production from electromagnetic waves and water. The human brain could have evolved by this mechanism. The humans are hairless as compared to other primates and are exposed to more of light inducing melanin induced photosynthesis and energy generation which could have contributed to the evolution of the human cortex and the complex human brain. The archaeaons melanosomes are capable of quenching free radicals and resist phagocytic destruction. The melanosomes can also resist radiation and UV light. The archaeaons are indestructible and eternal. The archaeaons have got magnetite and are capable of quantal perception and information storage. The melanin also serves the purpose of quantal perception and information storage. The archaeaon can also synthesize magnetite particles forming subcellular organelle called magnetosomes. Magnetite can interact with 36
melanin forming supermolecular complex systems. The archaeaon can synthesize porphyrins which can self organize to form self replicating structures called porphyrions. Porphyrions can interact with melanin also forming supramolecular complex systems. Eumelanin pigments contain indole based tetramers that are arranged in porphyrin-like domains. The indole based structures can self organize on porphyrin scaffolds to form tetrameric structures and melanin. The chemical structure of melanin on a macromolecular scale exhibits a tetrameric ring structure possibly because of self-organisation on porphyrin scaffolds. Porphyrion can generate melanosome complexes and they can form self-organising supramolecular complex systems. The archaeaon particles of melanosomes, magnetosomes and porphyrions forming complex colony network with specialised functions. It can function as a quantal computing system. The porphyrions and melanosomes can transducer energy and synthesize ATP functioning as primitive photosynthetic system. The magnetosome, porphyrions and melanosomes can function as information storage systems. Magnetosomes and porphyrions are dipolar and can have a quantal perceptive function based on sodium potassium ATPase inhibition mediated pumped phonon system. The melanin can function as a superconductor for high frequency radiation and neurotransmission, as a semi-conductor for sound and heat, conduct body ionic charges and resonate for the frequencies of visible light. The archaeaon- magnetosome, porphyrions and melanosome network can function as a quantal computing brain reducing the human classical brain to a zombie brain. Thus the global warming induced archaeaon colony network and melanosomes are indestructible and eternal and takeover the human body. The human body metabolic programmes are suppressed including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The human body is reduced to a zombie or a framework for the archaeaon colony to thrive. The archaeaon induces stem cell transformation of the host human cells and change the metabolonomics of the human cells. The human cells oxidative phosphorylation is suppressed and it depends upon glycolysis for its energy needs. The human glycolytic pathway is taken over by the archaeaon for its needs. The glycolytic metabolites are channelled to the shikimic acid pathway and the D-xylulose phosphate pathway. The DXP pathway can synthesize cholesterol which is catabolized by the archaeaon for its energy. The cholesterol ring oxidases convert the cholesterol to pyruvate which then enters the GABA shunt pathway. The cholesterol side chain oxidases convert the side chain to short chain fatty acids and bile acids. The cholesterol aromatases converts the cholesterol ring to phenyl residues and synthesis of tyrosine and tryptophan. The shikimic acid pathway also utilizes substrates from the glycolytic pathway and generates tyrosine and tryptophan. The tyrosine that synthesize is converted to dopa, 37
dopamine, dopachrome and oxidized to melanin. Melanin serves the purpose of capturing electromagnetic radiation, UV rays, Gamma radiation and light synthesizing ATP. Melanin can serve as a substrate for primitive archaeal photosynthesis. This leads to alteration in brain function and structure. The brain functions as an archaeaon melanosomal magnetite colony network capable of quantal perception, information storage and energy generation. This alters the brain function to an impulsive and anarchic mode of social function and functioning of the society as a group or collective organism. The quantal perception of the archaeaons also leads to evolution of a sort of communication with the quantal world creating a sort of universal personality or self. The human cell and system is converted to the stem cell colony which is immature and lacking functional differentiation becoming a zombie for the archaeal colony. The melanosome and melanin form a first line of defence against infection and is required for innate immunity. The melanosomes can kill the bacteria, viruses and other organisms as is evidenced by the albinism related Chediak Higashi syndrome and Griscelli syndrome. The archaeal melanin also protects it against high temperature, chemicals, oxygen radicals, oxidizing agents, UV radiation and heavy metals. The archaeal melanin makes the endosymbiotic archaea indestructible.
Intergalactic archaeal quantal computing cloud universalis The intergalactic space contains microorganism especially extremophiles like archaea. The archaeal colony with its melanosomes, magnetosomes and porphyrions can form a giant quantal computing cloud in the intergalactic space functioning as an intergalactic superhuman intelligence. The porphyrions can form a template for the generation of RNA viroids, DNA viroids and prions which can self-organise to form archaeaons. The porphyrions themselves are capable of a wave-particle existence and self-replication. Thus the quantal computing cloud of extraterrestrial intelligence can arise on its own from the quantal electromagnetic fields of the intergalactic space. This extraterrestrial intelligence of quantal computing cloud of archaeaons, magnetosomes, melanosomes and porphyrions in the intergalactic space can be called as intergalactic archaeal quantal computing cloud universalis. This forms the ubiquitous anthropomorphic observer creating the universe out of the quantal foam, itself arising out the quantal foam. The porphyrins can arise sui generis from a quantal foam and forms a template for the formation of RNA viroids. An interstellar cloud of RNA viroids forms. The RNA viroids later code for DNA viroids and prions. An isoprenoid organism can also arise in the porphyrin scaffold. The interstellar cloud of dominant RNA viroids gives rise to a form of universal consciousness or gravitational waves. The RNA viroids can generate 38
electric currents by the piezoelectric effect where mechanical energy due to the shearing stress of RNA viroidal population is converted to electrical energy and this can give rise to gravitational waves and consciousness. The helical protein of the viruses has negative and positive charged ends and acts as a dipole. When they are squashed by shearing stress of viroidal population the rod shape of the viroids gets changed to oval and dipole becomes uneven. This generates electromagnetic forces and gravitational waves. The gravitational wave forms the basis of consciousness. The RNA viroidal population can have a silicon coating and can reach the earth by asteroidal hits and gives rise to endogenous retroviruses. The human endogenous retroviruses contribute to the plasticity the human genome and the development of synaptic connectivity important for the evolution of the prefrontal cortex. The RNA viroidal population best thrives in the presence of gravity and play an important role in the development of human cerebral cortex in homo sapiens. The homo sapien brain is cerebral cortical dominant with a fully developed human consciousness due to increase in HERV sequences which increases genomic plasticity and synaptic connectivity. The homo sapiens are creatures with dominant conscious function and are logical and rational. The interstellar RNA viroidal population contributes to consciousness and gravitational waves which are linked. The intergalactic dark matter and dark energy contributes to nearly 90% of the universe energy. The dark energy contributes to antigravity forces which are repulsive and contributes to expansion of the universe. The dark energy, dark matter and antigravity contribute to the collective unconscious and human unconscious. The dark matter is made up of melanotic archaeal networks which form huge clouds in the universe. The melanotic archaea arise abiogenetically from porphyrin scaffolds which get structured out of the quantal foam spontaneously. On this porphyrin scaffolds the RNA viroids, the DNA viroids, prions, melanin and isoprenoids organisms form which symbiose to form the melanotic archaea. Thus the porphyrion/RNA viroidal population which mediates gravity and consciousness gives rise to melanotic archaeal clouds and antigravity mediating the collective unconscious. Thus gravity gives rise to antigravity and consciousness gives rise to the unconsciousness. The melanotic archaea can use anti-gravitational waves, cosmic radiation and gamma radiation as energy source for ATP synthesis. The dark matter of melanotic archaea contributing to antigravity thrives and multiplies in zero gravity situations. The melanotic archaea contains magnetite which can repulse each other when properly aligned contributing to the repulsive antigravity. The antigravity is related to the collective unconscious in the world as well as the human unconscious which is structured in the cerebellum. The dark matter containing melanotic archaea gets transferred to Eurasian land mass and earth by 39
asteroidal hits and forms giant colonies and networks evolving to homo neanderthalis. The homo neanderthalis brain has a cerebellar dominant structure and function and is impulsive with a predominant unconscious function. The conscious function and cerebral cortex is less developed in homo neanderthalis as they are retroviral resistant. The archaea induces stem cell conversion and secretes digoxin which makes the homo neanderthalis cell population retroviral resistant. The deficiency of HERV sequences leads to maldevelopment of the homo neanderthalis cerebral cortex. The homo neanderthalis are impulsive creatures of the unconscious modulated by antigravitational waves. This extraterrestrial intelligence of quantal computing cloud can see life in different parts of the galaxies via asteroids and meteors. The human species evolved out of the seeded archaeaons from the extraterrestrial intelligence of the quantal computing cloud formed of the archaeal colony of archaeaonsmagnetosomes, melanosomes and porphyrions. This would have reached the earth by meteoric and asteroidal hits. The hits of the meteors and asteroids would have occurred first in the Eurasian landmass especially in the northern Siberian tundra. The homo neanderthalis would have evolved in this Eurasian landmass. As the Siberian Eurasian landmass was cold and dark the homo neanderthalis were depigmented and fair-coloured, hairless with sparse red hair. They were deficient in melanin and melanin induced energy transduction and photosynthesis leading to synthesis of ATP. The homo neanderthalis was energy deprived and the neanderthalic cortex was primitively formed and the cerebellum dominated their cognitive function. The endosymbiotic archaeal network in the brain with its magnetosomes, melanosomes and porphyrions form a primitive quantal computing system. This functions as an information receptive and storage system in communication with the extraterrestrial intelligence of the quantal computing cloud in the intergalactic space. The homo neanderthalis owing to its lack of melanosomes and innate immunity became relatively extinct over a period of time with fossilized remnants in different parts of the world. The homo neanderthalis had quantal perception which created a feeling of oneness with gender and social equality in society. The society was gender equal and matriarchal. The matriarchal societies of the Dravidians, Basque, Celts, Harappans, Sumerians and Jews were fossilized remnants of the homo neanderthalis species. The extremes of cold temperature of the ice age led to the growth of endosymbiotic archaea in the absence of melanosomes in the Neanderthal. The melanosomes function as the first line of defence against infection and is important in innate immunity. The absence of melanosomes would have led to defective innate immunity and eventual partial extinction of homo neanderthalis with preservation of fossilized matrilineal clusters. The fossilized matrilineal neanderthalic clusters are present in 40
different parts of the world. The fossilized homo neanderthalis are susceptible to increased archaeal endosymbiosis consequent to global warming and related civilizational diseases of metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia, cancer, autoimmune disease and degeneration. The homo neanderthalis will become extinct owing to civilizational disease consequent to global warming induced endosymbiotic archaeal growth.
The homo sapiens The homo sapiens evolved in the tropical hot African landmass. The first human species to evolve is the homo neanderthalis in the Eurasian steppes. The homo sapiens would have evolved out of the archaea secreted porphyrions and RNA viroids independently. The porphyrions could have been transmitted to the tropical African landmass and would have served as a substrate for the formation of RNA viroids, DNA viroids and prions which symbiosed to form the primitive eukaryotic cell. The high temperature of the African continent would have contributed to mutations in RNA viroids and DNA viroids leading on to rapid evolution. The sub-Saharan African soil is depleted of selenium. Selenium deficiency leads to RNA viroidal mutations. Thus extremes of temperature and selenium deficiency lead to RNA viroidal diversity. This RNA viroidal diversity would have led to rapid evolution of homo sapiens from the eukaryotic cell. This eukaryotic cell would have evolved into homo sapiens species over a period of time. The RNA viroids are the basis of the HERV genes which contributes to the dynamicity of the homo sapien genome. The homo neanderthalis on the other hand are retroviral resistant while the homo sapiens is retroviral sensitive. The homo neanderthalis archaeaon secretes digoxin, a steroidal hormone which can destroy the retrovirus. The homo neanderthalis also has got endosymbiotic cholesterol catabolizing archaea which can alter the membrane sites for retroviral binding making the Neanderthal species resistant to retroviral infection. The homo neanderthalis have got a deficiency of HERV jumping genes in the genome and a rigid genome as compared to the HERV sequences mediated flexible genome of the homo sapiens. The homo sapiens as they evolved in the hot African savannah would have been exposed to heat and light. This would have related in increased melanogenesis and darker skin and plenty of hair in the evolved homo sapiens. The homo sapiens owing to their dark colour would have been energy surplus consequent to melanin induced energy transduction and ATP synthesis. This would have led to the evolution of the human cortex. The RNA viroids integrated into the genome would have function as jumping HERV genes contributing to the dynamicity of the genome. A dynamic and flexible genome is required for the development of synaptic connectivity and 41
cerebral cortex. Thus the homo sapiens evolve the modern human cerebral cortex consequent to the surplus energy produced by melanin induced energy transduction and ATP synthesis. The increase in melanin and melanosomes increased the innate immunity of the homo sapiens making them resistant to endogenous archaeal endosymbiosis. The homo sapiens were resistant to endosymbiotic archaeal growth seen in extremes of climate of global warming and ice age. The homo sapiens which evolved out of hot tropical Africa had increased melanin content in the skin which inhibits archaeal endosymbiosis and neanderthalisation. The homo sapien species is thus protected against increased archaeal endosymbiosis consequent to global warming and related civilizational diseases of metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia, cancer, autoimmune disease and degeneration.
Homo sapien albino mutants and homo neoneanderthalis The homo sapiens developed albino mutants which lacked the tyrosinase enzyme. These albino homo sapien mutants could not survive in the hot African savannah due to lack of pigmentation and migrated to the southern European landmass. This evolved into the patrilineal homo sapien European civilization. The patrilineal homo sapien European civilization arose out of the homo sapien patrilineal African civilization. The albino mutants homo sapiens forming the European civilization are susceptible to endosymbiotic archaeal growth consequent to global warming. The albino mutants homo sapiens lack melanin and melanosomes important in innate immunity. This leads to fertile conditions for endosymbiotic archaeal growth in the albino mutants, Caucasoid population. The endosymbiotic archaeal growth in the Caucasoid population leads to the evolution of a new human species. The human zombie controlled by endosymbiotic melanotic magnetite archaeaon colony network can be called as a new specieshomo neoneanderthalis. Thus the species change is occurring in the albino mutant homo sapien population of Europe and American consequent to global warming and endosymbiotic archaeal growth. The homo neoneanderthalis species and fossilized homo neanderthalis are susceptible to increased archaeal endosymbiosis consequent to global warming and related civilizational diseases of metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia, cancer, autoimmune disease and degeneration. The homo neanderthalis and homo neoneanderthalis will become extinct owing to civilizational disease consequent to global warming induced endosymbiotic archaeal growth.
Homo sapien extinctus The homo neanderthalis and homo neoneanderthalis have endosymbiotic archaeal symbiosis. The endosymbiotic archaea secrete RNA viroids which can be acted upon by 42
HERV reverse transcriptase generating corresponding DNA sequences which can be integrated into the genome by HERV integrase. The archaeal digoxin can edit the RNA viroids producing widespread diversity. The archaeal porphyrins can serve as a template for the generation of RNA viroids, DNA viroids and prions. The RNA viroids and DNA viroids can recombine with RNA and DNA viruses in the environment generating new RNA and DNA viruses. The RNA and DNA viroids can exchange their sequences with environmental bacteria generating new bacteria. Thus there can be endogenous generation of new RNA viruses, DNA viruses and bacteria in homo neanderthalis and homo neoneanderthalis consequent to endosymbiotic archaeal overgrowth as a result of global warming. The homo neanderthalis and homo neoneanderthalis are resistant to this newly generated RNA viruses, DNA viruses and bacteria and act as an environmental reservoir for them. The new evolved RNA virus, DNA virus and bacteria generated from environmental reservoir of homo neanderthalis and homo neoneanderthalis infects the unprotected homo sapien species exterminating the homo sapien species. The homo sapien species is in decline as the homo sapien albino mutants are getting converted to homo neoneanderthalis and the African/Asian homo sapiens are getting exterminated by epidemics of new RNA viral infection generated by Neanderthal reservoirs. This homo sapien species can be called as homo sapien extinctus. The archaea can induce stem cell conversion and neanderthalisation of the human species. The archaea catabolizes cholesterol generating digoxin which can modulate RNA editing and magnesium deficiency resulting in reverse transcriptase inhibition. The archaeal cholesterol catabolism can deplete the membrane rafts of the CD4 cell of cholesterol impeding the entry of the retrovirus into the cell. The archaea can produce permanent immune activation producing resistance to viral and bacterial infection. The archaeal cholesterol catabolism depletes tissue cholesterol producing vitamin D deficiency and immune activation. Thus archaeal overgrowth results in retroviral resistance and generation of the Neanderthal phenotype. The endosymbiotic archaea can secrete virus like RNA and DNA particles. The endosymbiotic archaea can induce uncoupling proteins inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and generating ROS. The endosymbiotic archaeal magnetite can generate low level of EMF. The low level of EMF and ROS are genotoxic and produce breakages in hotspots of chromosome. It can also trigger rearrangements in hotspots of chromosome inhabited by retroviral and non-retroviral elements producing their expression. The archaeal secreted DNA and RNA viroids can recombine with the expressed retroviral, non-retroviral elements and other genomic segments of the human chromosome 43
generating new RNA and DNA viruses. Thus the neanderthalised humans can serve as an origin for new RNA and DNA viruses as well as mutated retroviruses. The endosymbiotic archaea converts the Neanderthal cells to stem cells. The stem cells are resistant to immune attack. The stem cells can serve as a reservoir for this new RNA and DNA viruses. The stem cells and archaeal cells can also serve as a reservoir for viruses and bacteria belonging to other plants and animals. This helps to generate the species barrier jump in noted in recent emerging viral and bacterial infections. Thus the endosymbiotic archaeal growth produces neanderthalised version of homo sapiens which are retroviral resistant and resistant to other viral and bacterial infection consequent to immune activation and digoxin induced RNA editing. The endosymbiotic archaeal overgrowth mediated neanderthalised version of homo sapiens generates new mutated RNA and DNA viruses as well as retroviruses at the same time being resistant to them as in the case of the species bat. The homo sapiens do not have the Neanderthal mechanisms of immune activation as their archaeal load is meagre. They serve as fodder for infection from Neanderthal generated viruses and bacteria and suffer eventual extinction.
Global warming and symbiotic evolution Thus global warming leads to symbiotic evolution of the species. The extraterrestrial intergalactic quantal computing cloud of archaea forms an intelligent anthropomorphic observer. The quantal computing cloud of archaea seeds the archaea into the earth through meteoric and asteroidal impacts. The archaeal colonies eventually evolve into multicellular organism and further into homo neanderthalis. The homo neanderthalis can be conceived as a multicellular archaeal colony. The homo neanderthalis thus arises in earth in the Eurasian land mass out of the seeded archaeal colonies from the extraterrestrial intergalactic archaeal computing cloud. The homo neanderthalis is energy depleted. The homo neanderthalis secretes the archaeal steroidal trephone digoxin which modulates the neutral amino acid transporter increasing tryptophan transport over tyrosine. The homo neanderthalis is tyrosine depleted and deficient in melanin synthesis. There is no melanin induced ATP synthesis from electromagnetic waves and radiation transduction. The homo neanderthalis was energy depleted and therefore did not have the luxury for the development of a modern human cerebral cortex. The homo neanderthalis is also retroviral resistant. The homo neanderthalis were deficient in endogenous retroviral sequences contributing to a rigid and adynamic homo neanderthalic genome. This led to a reduction in synaptic connectivity and poor development of the homo neanderthalic cerebral cortex. The homo sapiens evolved out of terrestrial 44
sources in Africa out of self-replicating porphyrin complexes. The self-replicating porphyrin complexes form a scaffold for supramolecular complexes of isoprenoid organism, RNA viroids, DNA viroids and prions to self-organise. The isoprenoid organism formed the cell container which symbiosed the RNA viroids, the DNA viroids and prions to form the primitive eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell. The eukaryotic organism developed into multicellular colonies and eventually evolved into homo sapiens in Africa. Thus the homo sapiens is a multicellular eukaryotic colony which evolved over a period of time. In case of oncogenesis the homo sapiens reverts to the primitive eukaryotic or prokaryotic multicellular colony state. The homo sapiens in Africa thus evolved out of terrestrial abiogenetic sources. The homo sapiens owing to the harsh tropical environmental of Africa had increased melanin pigmentation in the skin for protection from UV rays as an evolutionary mechanism and were black. The homo sapien brain evolved out of the energy excess state produced by melanin. Melanin can transduce electromagnetic waves and radiation and produce ATP synthesis. The excess energy in homo sapiens led to the rapid evolution of the human cerebral cortex. The homo sapiens are also retroviral sensitive. The retroviral infection led to integration of retroviral genes into the homo sapien genome producing endogenous retroviral sequences functioning as jumping genes. The HERV gene contributes to dynamicity and flexibility of the homo sapien genome contributing to increased synaptic connectivity and formation of the human cerebral cortex. A tyrosinase mutation led to the evolution of homo sapien albino mutants. The homo sapien albino mutants being white were unable to withstand the hot climate of the African tropics and migrated to the cold European land mass. This created the homo sapien civilization in Europe. There was interbreeding between the homo sapien albino mutants and homo neanderthalis in southern Europe producing hybrids. The homo neanderthalis were matriarchal while homo sapiens albino mutants were patriarchal. The homo neanderthalis succumbed to civilizational diseases like metabolic syndrome x, tumours, autoimmune disease and neurodegeneration and became extinct leaving fossilized matrilineal societies like the Dravidians, Celts, Basques and Jews behind. The homo sapien albino mutants in the setting of global warming developed extremophilic endosymbiotic archaeal growth and gets converted to a homo neoneanderthalic species by the phenomenon of symbiotic evolution. The homo sapiens species in Africa becomes liable to eventual extinction owing to infection by catastrophic epidemics of RNA viruses arising from homo neanderthalis and homo neoneanderthalis reservoirs. Endosymbiotic archaeal growth will lead to a species change and generation of two new species- homo sapien extinctus and homo neoneanderthalis. Death and aging indicates human endogenous archaeal overgrowth and 45
takeover. This will lead to extinction of the human race as such and persistence as well as survival of the archaeaon colony of melanosomes, magnetosomes and porphyrions functioning as a quantal computing colony and intelligence. This will lead to the takeover of the world and the universe by the terrestrial and extraterrestrial archaeaon quantal computing clouds. The symbiotic evolution will eventually lead to extinction of all human species into eternal archaeal colonies which can have a wave-particle existence.
The human species- terrestrial and extraterrestrial origin The homo sapiens evolved in earth from porphyrinoids generated abiogenetically. The porphyrinoid forms a template for the formation of RNA viroids, DNA viroids, isoprenoid organisms and prions which symbiosed to form the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The eukaryotic multicellular colony evolved into homo sapiens. The prokaryotes can also form multicellular functional colonies called biofilms. The homo sapiens which evolved in the African savannah became pigmented owing to melanisation of the skin in response to the solar UV rays. The homo sapiens have skin melanin but owing to lack of endosymbiotic archaea are deficient in tissue melanin. The homo sapiens in view of the absence of endosymbiotic archaea and tissue melanin are susceptible to endogenous retroviral replication and a dynamic genome leading on to increased synaptic connectivity and evolution of the prefrontal cortex. The homo neanderthalis evolved in the Eurasian steppes out of extraterrestrial archaeal colonies hitting the earth by asteroidal impacts. The archaeal colonies evolved into multicellular structures and eventually homo neanderthalis. The endosymbiotic archaea have the shikimic acid pathway and melanin synthesis. The homo neanderthalis are rich in tissue melanin but having evolved in the cold Eurasian steppes are deficient in cutaneous melanin. The increase in tissue melanin inhibits endogenous retroviral replication. This decreases the density of endogenous retroviral jumping genes in the homo neanderthalis genome making it rigid and inflexible. This rigid inflexible genome leads to the reduction in synaptic connectivity and poor development of the cerebral cortex in the homo neanderthalis. The homo neanderthalis have a dominant cerebellar cortex and are impulsive in nature. The increased tissue melanin in homo neanderthalis is capable of energy transduction giving them a survival advantage in the extremes of the Eurasian north. The melanin is capable of sensing low EMF fields contributing to extrasensory perceptive capacity of the homo neanderthalis. The homo sapiens developed tyrosinase deficient albino mutants which could not survive in the tropical Africa and migrated to the European continent. The albino mutants lack melanin and are susceptible to endosymbiotic archaeal symbiosis leading to the genesis of homo 46
neoneanderthalis from homo sapiens. Thus the human species can have a terrestrial origin as in the case of homo sapiens in Africa and also an extraterrestrial origin from intergalactic archaea as in the case of homo neanderthalis. There is also an intermediate species evolved in out of homo sapien albino mutants with endosymbiotic archaeal symbiosis called homo neoneanderthalis.
References 1. Kurup, R.K. and Kurup, P.A. Global Warming, Archaea and Viroid Induced Symbiotic Human Evolution - Retrovirus, Prions and Viroids – Porphyrinoids and Viroidelle. New York: Open Science Publishers, 2016.
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CHAPTER 4 CLIMATE CHANGE AND SPECIES CHANGE - NEONEANDERTHAL HYBRIDS AND ENDOSYMBIOTIC ACTINIDIC ARCHAEA - HOMO NEONEANDERTHALIS
Introduction The human genome has been found to have up to 10 percent Neanderthal genes. Neanderthal hybrids with homo sapiens species are common in global population. There is a high incidence of autism, schizophrenia and Neanderthal anthropometric phenotypes in the Nair community of Kerala. The Nair community is matrilineal and is one of the few functional matriarchies in the world and speaks the Dravidian language with similarities to Celtic, Scythian, Berber and Basque societies. The autistic brain is comparable to the large sized Neanderthal brain.1 Autistic and schizophrenic metabolonomic patterns include low efficiency pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, dominant GABA shunt, Warburg glycolytic phenotype, hyperammonemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, porphyria, low cholesterol and bile acid levels.2 Similar pattern of autistic metabolonomics is seen in the normal Nair population of Kerala. Neanderthal metabolonomic patterns include a low efficiency PDH activity.3 Autistic, schizophrenic and matrilineal societies like Nair can be considered as fossilized remnants of the Neanderthal population.4 Endosymbiotic actinidic archaea using cholesterol as an energy substrate has been described in systemic disease from our laboratory.2 The autistic, schizophrenic and Nair population have increased actinide dependent cytochrome F420 activity suggestive of endosymbiotic archaeal growth. Archaeal induced PDH and mitochondrial suppression results in the autistic and schizophrenic metabolonomic cascade. The increased archaeal growth in extremophilic conditions of the Ice age would have contributed to the evolution of Neanderthal population.5 There is a rising epidemic of autism and schizophrenia indicating Neanderthalisation of the human species due to global warming, extreme climate change and archaeal growth. Global warming itself could be construed as due to increased archaeal growth and methanogenesis. It would indicate the emergence of cultural, linguistic, psychological, neurological, metabolic, immune and anthropometric phenotype- homo archaeax neanderthalis. The aim of the study aimed to detect fossilized Neanderthal matrilineal societies and new Neanderthal hybrids in relation to civilizational diseases.
48
Materials and Methods Four groups, 25 numbers in each group were chosen for the study- the autistic population diagnosed according to DSM criteria, the normal Nair population, the normal nonNair population and civilizational disease group including metabolic syndrome x, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis. The matrilineal characteristics and Neanderthal anthropometric characteristics of normal Nair and non-Nair population as well as autistic and schizophrenic population were studied. The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state before treatment was initiated. The estimations done in the blood samples collected include cytochrome F420 activity, cholesterol oxidase activitycholesterol ring oxidase activity, cholesterol side chain oxidase activity and cholesterol aromatase activity, digoxin, lactate, pyruvate, ammonia, ATP, glutamate, acetyl CoA, acetyl choline, ALA, homocysteine, cholesterol and bile acid levels as well as cyto C and hexokinase levels activity. Archaeal cholesterol catabolism was studied as follows- Plasma from fasting heparinised blood was used and the experimental protocol was as follows:- (I) Plasma+phosphate buffered saline, (II) same as I+cholesterol substrate, (III) same as II+cerium 0.1 mg/ml, and (IV) same as II+ciprofloxacine and doxycycline each in a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Cholesterol substrate was prepared as described by Richmond. Aliquots were withdrawn at zero time immediately after mixing and after incubation at 37 oC for 1 hour. The following estimations were carried out:- Cytochrome F420, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, hydrogen peroxide, pyruvate, ammonia, glutamate, digoxin, butyrate, propionate and bile acids. Cytochrome F420 was estimated flourimetrically (excitation wavelength 420 nm and emission wavelength 520 nm). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was estimated by measuring hydrogen peroxide liberated by using glucose reagent. Informed consent of the subjects and the approval of the ethics committee were obtained for the study. The statistical analysis was done by ANOVA.
Table 1. Incidence of autism in Nair, autistic and non-Nair population Groups
Autism
Percentage
Nair
68 cases
68
Non-Nair
32 cases
32
Total
100
49
Table 2. Incidence of schizophrenia in Nair and non-Nair population Groups
Schizophrenia
Percentage
Nair
30 cases
30
Non-Nair
70 cases
70
Total
100
(Nair population is 7% of Kerala population)
Table 3. Anthropometric features in Nair, autistic and non-Nair population Neanderthal anthropometric
Total
Percentage
Nair
72 cases
100
72
Non-Nair
21 cases
100
21
Autism
81 cases
100
81
Groups
50
Table 4a. Autistic metabolonomics Nair RBC Digoxin (ng/ml RBC Susp)
Mean + SD
1.41 0.23
NonNair 0.18 0.05
Cancer
DM
Autism
F value
P value
1.27 0.24
1.35 0.26
1.19 0.24
60.288
< 0.001
0.001
< 0.001
713.569
< 0.001
44.896
< 0.001
427.654
< 0.001
295.467
< 0.001
67.588
< 0.001
445.772
< 0.001
162.945
< 0.001
Mean
4.00
0.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
+ SD
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
H2O2 (umol/ml RBC)
Mean + SD
278.29 7.74
111.63 5.40
278.19 12.80
280.89 10.58
274.52 9.29
NOX (OD diff/hr/mgpro)
Mean
0.04
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.04
+ SD
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
Mean + SD
78.63 5.08
9.29 0.81
79.18 5.88
78.36 6.68
76.71 5.25
Mean
63.50
3.86
67.67
64.72
68.16
+ SD
6.95
0.26
5.69
6.81
4.92
Mean + SD
2.24 0.44
0.02 0.01
1.48 0.32
1.97 0.11
2.03 0.12
Mean
12.39
1.21
13.00
12.95
12.48
+ SD
1.23
0.38
0.42
0.56
0.79
Mean
25.99
2.75
22.20
25.56
21.95
+ SD
8.10
0.41
0.85
7.93
0.65
Mean + SD
100.51 12.32
23.79 2.51
96.58 8.75
96.30 10.33
92.71 8.43
154.701
< 0.001
5.46 2.83
0.68 0.23
7.82 3.51
7.05 1.86
6.95 2.02
18.187
< 0.001
Mean
2.51
16.49
2.34
2.17
2.42
+ SD
0.36
0.89
0.43
0.40
0.41
1871.04
< 0.001
Mean + SD
38.57 7.03
91.98 2.89
42.51 11.58
41.31 10.69
50.61 6.32
116.901
< 0.001
200.702
< 0.001
61.645
< 0.001
635.306
< 0.001
312.947
< 0.001
46.516
< 0.001
Cytochrome F 420
TNF ALP (pg/ml) ALA (umol24) SE ATP (umol/dl) Cyto C (ng/ml) Lactate (mg/dl) Pyruvate (umol/l)
Mean RBC Hexokinase (ug glu phos/hr/mgpro) + SD ACOA (mg/dl) ACH (ug/ml) Glutamate (mg/dl) Se. Ammonia (ug/dl) Bile Acid (mg/ml) Cholesterol (mg/dl) Homocysteine (mg/dl)
Mean
3.19
0.16
3.28
3.53
3.30
+ SD
0.32
0.02
0.39
0.44
0.32
Mean
93.43
23.92
93.20
93.38
94.01
+ SD Mean + SD
4.85 25.68 7.04
3.38 140.40 10.32
4.46 23.43 6.03
7.76 22.77 4.94
5.00 23.16 5.78
Mean
129.23
237.36
130.52
129.23
125.86
+ SD
10.03
38.07
8.01
5.97
7.79
Mean
37.49
9.18
39.64
39.38
41.55
+ SD
9.17
0.80
9.21
7.00
7.62
51
Table 4b. Autistic metabolonomics Nair RBC Digoxin (ng/ml RBC Susp)
Mean + SD
1.41 0.23
NonNair 0.18 0.05
Schizo
AD
MS
F value
P value
1.38 0.26
1.10 0.08
1.21 0.21
60.288
< 0.001
0.001
< 0.001
713.569
< 0.001
44.896
< 0.001
427.654
< 0.001
295.467
< 0.001
67.588
< 0.001
445.772
< 0.001
162.945
< 0.001
Mean
4.00
0.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
+ SD
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
H2O2 (umol/ml RBC)
Mean + SD
278.29 7.74
111.63 5.40
274.88 8.73
277.47 10.90
280.89 11.25
NOX (OD diff/hr/mgpro)
Mean
0.04
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.03
+ SD
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
Mean + SD
78.63 5.08
9.29 0.81
78.23 7.13
79.65 5.57
80.18 5.67
Mean
63.50
3.86
66.16
67.32
64.00
+ SD
6.95
0.26
6.51
5.40
7.33
Mean + SD
2.24 0.44
0.02 0.01
1.26 0.19
2.06 0.19
1.63 0.26
Mean
12.39
1.21
11.58
11.94
11.81
+ SD
1.23
0.38
0.90
0.86
0.67
Mean
25.99
2.75
22.07
22.04
23.32
+ SD
8.10
0.41
1.06
0.64
1.10
Mean + SD
100.51 12.32
23.79 2.51
96.54 9.96
97.26 8.26
102.48 13.20
154.701
< 0.001
5.46 2.83
0.68 0.23
7.69 3.40
8.46 3.63
8.56 4.75
18.187
< 0.001
Mean
2.51
16.49
2.51
2.19
2.03
+ SD
0.36
0.89
0.57
0.15
0.09
1871.04
< 0.001
Mean + SD
38.57 7.03
91.98 2.89
48.52 6.28
42.84 8.26
39.99 12.61
116.901
< 0.001
200.702
< 0.001
61.645
< 0.001
635.306
< 0.001
312.947
< 0.001
46.516
< 0.001
Cytochrome F 420
TNF ALP (pg/ml) ALA (umol24) SE ATP (umol/dl) Cyto C (ng/ml) Lactate (mg/dl) Pyruvate (umol/l)
Mean RBC Hexokinase (ug glu phos/hr/mgpro) + SD ACOA (mg/dl) ACH (ug/ml) Glutamate (mg/dl) Se. Ammonia (ug/dl) Bile Acid (mg/ml) Cholesterol (mg/dl) Homocysteine (mg/dl)
Mean
3.19
0.16
3.41
3.53
3.58
+ SD
0.32
0.02
0.41
0.39
0.36
Mean
93.43
23.92
94.72
95.37
93.42
+ SD Mean + SD
4.85 25.68 7.04
3.38 140.40 10.32
3.28 22.45 5.57
4.66 26.26 7.34
3.69 24.12 6.43
Mean
129.23
237.36
126.31
130.14
126.67
+ SD
10.03
38.07
6.93
6.64
5.70
Mean
37.49
9.18
31.50
31.75
38.39
+ SD
9.17
0.80
4.07
4.62
8.75
52
Table 5a. Cholesterol oxidase activity
CYT F420 %
Mean
(Increase with Cerium)
+ SD
1.87
NonCancer DM Autism F value P value Nair 4.48 22.79 22.59 21.68 306.749 < 0.001 0.15 2.13 1.86 1.90
CYT F420 %
Mean
59.27
18.24
55.90
57.05
57.93
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
+ SD
8.86
0.66
7.29
8.45
9.64
PAH % change
Mean
22.67
4.45
22.84
23.40
22.61
(Increase with Cerium)
+ SD
2.29
0.14
1.42
1.55
1.42
PAH % change
Mean
57.69
18.25
66.07
65.77
64.48
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
+ SD
5.29
0.72
3.78
5.27
6.90
Digoxin (ng/ml) (Increase with Cerium)
Mean + SD
0.51 0.05
0.11 0.00
0.54 0.04
0.47 0.04
0.53 0.08
Digoxin (ng/ml)
Mean
0.20
0.05
0.21
0.20
0.21
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
+ SD
0.03
0.00
0.04
0.03
0.04
Nair 23.46
130.054 < 0.001 391.318 < 0.001 257.996 < 0.001 135.116 < 0.001 71.706
< 0.001
Mean
22.61
4.29
22.98
22.87
22.21
(Increase with Cerium)
+ SD
2.22
0.18
2.19
2.58
2.04
Bile Acids % change
Mean
66.62
18.15
64.96
64.51
63.84
+ SD
4.99
0.58
5.64
5.93
6.16
(Increase with Cerium)
Mean + SD
20.94 1.54
4.34 0.21
21.19 1.61
20.67 1.38
21.91 1.71
Pyruvate % change
Mean
62.76
18.43
58.57
58.75
58.45
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
+ SD
8.52
0.82
7.47
8.12
6.66
H2O2 % (Increase with Cerium)
Mean + SD
23.81 1.19
4.43 0.19
23.35 1.76
23.27 1.53
23.52 1.49
H2O2 %
Mean
61.08
18.13
59.17
58.91
63.24
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
+ SD
7.38
0.63
3.33
6.09
7.36
Butyrate % (Increase with Cerium)
Mean + SD
22.29 1.33
4.41 0.15
23.81 1.90
24.10 1.61
22.76 2.20
Butyrate %
Mean
65.38
18.63
66.95
65.78
67.63
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
+ SD
3.62
0.12
3.67
4.43
3.52
Propionate % change
Mean
22.13
4.34
23.12
22.73
22.79
(Increase with Cerium)
+ SD
2.14
0.15
1.71
2.46
2.20
Propionate % change
Mean
66.26
18.24
65.12
65.87
64.26
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
+ SD
3.93
0.37
5.58
4.35
6.02
ATP synthase %
Mean + SD
4.40 0.11
23.67 1.42
24.01 1.17
23.72 1.73
22.60 1.64
449.503 < 0.001
Mean + SD
18.78 0.11
67.39 3.13
66.66 3.84
66.25 3.69
66.86 4.21
673.081 < 0.001
Mean + SD
4.21 0.16
23.01 2.61
22.53 2.41
23.23 1.88
22.88 1.87
292.065 < 0.001
Mean + SD
18.56 0.76
65.87 5.27
64.29 5.44
65.11 5.14
65.45 5.08
317.966 < 0.001
Bile Acids % change
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
Pyruvate % change
(Increase with Cerium)
ATP synthase % (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
Hexokinase % change (Increase with Cerium)
Hexokinase % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
290.441 < 0.001
203.651 < 0.001
321.255 < 0.001 115.242 < 0.001 380.721 < 0.001 171.228 < 0.001 403.394 < 0.001 680.284 < 0.001 348.867 < 0.001 364.999 < 0.001
53
Table 5b. Cholesterol oxidase activity
CYT F420 %
Mean
23.46
NonNair 4.48
(Increase with Cerium)
+ SD
1.87
Nair
Schizo
AD
MS
23.24
23.12
22.12
0.15
2.01
2.00
1.81
CYT F420 %
Mean
59.27
18.24
58.72
56.90
61.33
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
+ SD
8.86
0.66
7.08
6.94
9.82
PAH % change
Mean
22.67
4.45
23.01
23.26
22.83
(Increase with Cerium)
+ SD
2.29
0.14
1.69
1.53
1.78
PAH % change
Mean
57.69
18.25
59.49
60.91
59.84
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
+ SD
5.29
0.72
4.30
7.59
7.62
Digoxin (ng/ml) (Increase with Cerium)
Mean + SD
0.51 0.05
0.11 0.00
0.55 0.06
0.55 0.03
0.52 0.03
Digoxin (ng/ml)
Mean
0.20
0.05
0.22
0.19
0.21
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
+ SD
0.03
0.00
0.04
0.04
0.03
Mean
22.61
4.29
23.20
22.12
21.95
(Increase with Cerium)
+ SD
2.22
0.18
1.87
2.19
2.11
Bile Acids % change
Mean
66.62
18.15
57.04
62.86
65.46
+ SD
4.99
0.58
4.27
6.28
5.79
(Increase with Cerium)
Mean + SD
20.94 1.54
4.34 0.21
20.99 1.46
22.63 0.88
21.59 1.23
Bile Acids % change
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
Pyruvate % change Pyruvate % change
Mean
62.76
18.43
61.23
56.40
60.28
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
+ SD
8.52
0.82
9.73
8.59
9.22
H 2O 2 % (Increase with Cerium)
Mean + SD
23.81 1.19
4.43 0.19
22.50 1.66
22.65 2.48
21.14 1.20
H 2O 2 %
Mean
61.08
18.13
60.21
60.19
60.53
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
+ SD
7.38
0.63
7.42
6.98
4.70
Butyrate % (Increase with Cerium)
Mean + SD
22.29 1.33
4.41 0.15
21.88 1.19
23.66 1.67
22.92 2.14
Butyrate %
Mean
65.38
18.63
66.28
65.97
67.54
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
+ SD
3.62
0.12
3.60
3.36
3.65
Propionate % change
Mean
22.13
4.34
23.02
23.09
21.93
(Increase with Cerium)
+ SD
2.14
0.15
1.65
1.81
2.29
F value P value 306.749 < 0.001 130.054 < 0.001 391.318 < 0.001 257.996 < 0.001 135.116 < 0.001 71.706
< 0.001
290.441 < 0.001
203.651 < 0.001
321.255 < 0.001 115.242 < 0.001 380.721 < 0.001 171.228 < 0.001 403.394 < 0.001 680.284 < 0.001 348.867 < 0.001
Propionate % change
Mean
66.26
18.24
67.61
65.86
63.70
(Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
+ SD
3.93
0.37
2.77
4.27
5.63
ATP synthase %
Mean + SD
4.40 0.11
23.67 1.42
23.09 1.90
23.58 2.08
23.52 1.76
449.503 < 0.001
Mean + SD
18.78 0.11
67.39 3.13
66.15 4.09
66.21 3.69
67.05 3.00
673.081 < 0.001
Mean + SD
4.21 0.16
23.01 2.61
23.33 1.79
22.96 2.12
22.81 1.91
292.065 < 0.001
Mean + SD
18.56 0.76
65.87 5.27
62.50 5.56
65.11 5.91
63.47 5.81
317.966 < 0.001
(Increase with Cerium)
ATP synthase % (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
Hexokinase % change (Increase with Cerium)
Hexokinase % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
364.999 < 0.001
54
Results The results of the study were as follows. The Nair, schizophrenic and autistic group had: (1) increased cytochrome F420 activity, cholesterol oxidase activity, ring oxidase activity, aromatase activity and digoxin synthesis, (2) had decreased PDH activity as indicated by increased pyruvate and lactate levels with low acetyl CoA levels, (3) had increased glycolysis as indicated by increased hexokinase activity and mitochondrial dysfunction as noted by increased cyto C activity in the serum and low ATP levels, (4) had low cholesterol and bile acid levels and increased homocysteine levels, (5) had increased GABA shunt pathway as indicated by increased pyruvate, glutamate and ammonia levels, and (6) had increased porphyrin synthesis from substrates glycine and succinyl CoA derived from GABA shunt pathway as indicated by increased ALA levels. The Nair, schizophrenic, autistic and civilizational disease group had features of Neanderthal metabolism as indicated by pyruvate dehydrogenase suppression. There is an increased incidence of autism and schizophrenia in the Nair community of Kerala with 68% of the autistic patient population of 1500 attending the Metabolic Centre belonging to this matrilineal community. The incidence of schizophrenia in the Nair community is around 30%. The autistic population, schizophrenic and the Nair population have the Neanderthal anthropometric phenotype with slanting forehead, large face, stubby nose, prominent mandibles, low 2D-4D ratio, large coarse trunk, macrocephaly and longer second toe as compared to big toe.
Discussion Matrilineal societies and Neanderthal hybrids Reports indicate that the autistic brain is larger and similar in size to the Neanderthal brain.
6-8
Neanderthal societies were matrilineal and matriarchal with female dominance.
Autistic, schizophrenic and Nair matrilinearity had also similarities with Neanderthal clusters. Matrilineal culture and matriarchy are seen in the Nair societies and they speak a Dravidian language. The language and culture of the matrilineal Nair community is similar to the Celtic, Basque, Berber and Scythian societies. Matrilineal Nair society with its high incidence of autism and Neanderthal anthropometric characteristics would represent fossilized remnants of the Neanderthal population along with the Celtic, Jews, Sumerian, Minoan, Harappan, Scythian, Basque, South African Bushmen and Berber societies. These societies are predominantly characterized by the use of Dravidian linguistics. The Neanderthal fossilized 55
remnant societies described above probably inhabitant the mythological Lemurian continent the remnants of which have been described under the Indian ocean. The end of the ice age resulted in floods and break up of Lemuria and the population migrated to the Eurasian land mass creating the Harappan civilization, the Sumerian civilization, the Egyptian civilization, Celtic civilization and Minoan civilization which were all co-terminus Dravidian and matrilineal. They can be compared to the mythological Asuras in the Vedas whose society was also matrilineal. There was gender equality and matriarchal dominance. The asuric society of the Vedas was democratic and more equal. They had extrasensory perceptive capabilities and extreme form of spirituality. The asuric society is represented in the Dravidian South India where festivals like Onam in celebration of the Asura king Mahabali are celebrated. It is anthropological evidence of the asuric origin of the Dravidians. The Dravidians were originally supposed to have evolved in the continent of Lemuria in the Indian ocean. Traces of this massive supercontinent involving land masses of South India, Southern Africa, Australia and Antarctica have been detected in the oceanic bed of the Indian ocean. Certain diseases like endomyocardial fibrosis, chronic calcific pancreatitis, multinodular goiter and mucoid angiopathy are specific for south India, South Africa and Australian aboriginals. All these communities South Indian including Nairs, Bushmen and Australian aboriginals speak Dravidian related languages and are matrilineal. These endemic diseases have been related to the actinidic monazite and illmenite seen in the ocean shores of South India, South Africa and Australia. This is further medical anthropological evidence of the origin of matrilineal neanderthalic asuric communities from the Lemurian supercontinent. This supercontinent also encompassed parts of Antarctica. The Neanderthal skin colour was more lighter and fairer to increase UV absorption and correct vitamin D deficiency seen in this groups which would have originated in the Antarctic part of the Lemurian supercontinent. Life originated in the Lemurian supercontinent on actinidic substrates forming the original archaeal cell which evolved to multicellular forms. The Neanderthal origin would be related to massive extremophilic archaeal expansion which occurred in the ice age. The Asuras of Vedas and Rig vedic descriptions would fit in with a Southern polar origin of the epic. The principle God of the Rig veda was Varuna which was an oceanic God and Asura. The other Gods of the Rig Veda- Rudra, Vayu and Agni were also Asuras. This can indicate a Southern Lemurian origin for Vedic mythology and its asuric Vedic Gods. The asuric society was democratic, more social, spiritual, eco-conscious, gender equal, matrilineal and socialistic. The ice age ended and the floods that occurred following it as well as the massive tsunamis in the Indian ocean broke up the Lemurian land mass. This has been 56
described in Vedic literature on the Dravidian King Manu who survived the flood and migrated north to the Eurasian land mass. The asuric Dravidians who migrated north developed the modern cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, Sumeria, Minoan civilization of Crete, the Egyptian civilization, the Basque, Celt and Berber societies. The mythology of these matrilineal societies has Siva as their God, identified in different names like Minoan Zeus, the Celtic Cerannos and the Irish Dragda. The language of the societies could be related to Dravidian and the structure of the society was matrilineal like the Asuras. The homo sapien groups evolved in Africa in relation to HERV sequences in the human genome. HERV sequences in the genome contributed to fluidity and dynamic nature of the genome leading to the evolution of the prefrontal cortex dominant homo sapien brain. The homo sapiens migrated from Africa northwards in the central Eurasian landmass. They were a primitive nomadic society without an urban culture, mythology, language or arts. The Devas of the Rig Veda would be these homo sapien groups which migrated out of Africa into Europe at a later stage and settled in central Eurasia with their lighter colour as an adaptation for increased UV absorption and vitamin D synthesis in the colder regions. The battles between the Asuras and Devas were attempts by the central Asian homo sapien population to overcome and subdue the Asuras to inhabited the Indus Valley and created the civilization in Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. The defeated asuric Dravidians of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa migrated south and settled in their original home land in South India. The matrilineal Dravidian Nair community with increased autistic rates belongs to this group.
Autistic and Neanderthal metabolonomics Autistic, schizophrenic and Nair metabolonomic patterns had similarities with Neanderthals population. Neanderthals have a low efficient pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.9 The Neanderthals diet was rich in protein and fat and low in carbohydrate. Ketone body was used as the energy fuel and does not need the insulin receptor for metabolism. Therefore insulin resistance developed as a part of the Neanderthal diet and the Neanderthal phenotype is akin to the metabolic syndrome phenotype. As there was less need to metabolize glucose owing to an intake of high fat, high protein diet the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase would have evolved into a low efficiency system. Insulin resistance would have contributed to lipogenesis as a protective adaptation against the cold climate of the Ice age. Insulin resistance and ketogenic diet would have contributed to the longevity of the Neanderthal population. Insulin resistance has been related to autism. Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency leads to low acetyl CoA levels. This leads to a down regulated mevalonate pathway and low 57
cholesterol synthesis. Low cholesterol levels are related to autism. Smith Lemli Opitz syndrome is related to autism and schizophrenia. Low cholesterol values would have contributed to vitamin D deficiency in Neanderthals. Vitamin D deficiency and rickets would explain the skeletal abnormalities and macrocephaly of Neanderthals. Vitamin D deficiency would have led to fairer complexion of the Neanderthals in view of increased need of cutaneous UV ray absorption to promote increased vitamin D synthesis to correct its deficiency. Cholesterol catabolizing endosymbiotic actinidic archaea has been described in systemic and neuropsychiatric disease from our laboratory. There is increased actinide dependent cytochrome F420 activity in autistic, schizophrenic and normal Nair population. This indicates increased endosymbiotic archaeal growth which suppresses pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Autistic, schizophrenic and Nair metabolonomic patterns include low efficiency pyruvate dehydrogenase activity contributing to pyruvic acidemia. Pyruvate is not converted to acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA deficiency results in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation defects and mitochondrial dysfunction. Energy is obtained from glycolysis and this leads to the genesis of the Warburg phenotype. The actinide dependent hexokinase activity and actinide dependent ATP synthase activity were high but the blood ATP levels were low. The cyto C activity in the blood was high indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. The pyruvate is channeled to the GABA shunt pathway to glutamate. Glutamate is acted upon by glutamate dehydrogenase generating ammonia which acts as a gasotransmitter modulating thalamo-cortico-thalamic GABA/NMDA function and consciousness. The GABA shunt pathway also generates succinyl CoA and glycine which are substrates for porphyrin synthesis contributing to porphyrinuria. Since glycine is utilized for porphyrin synthesis it is not available for cystathionine synthesis. This contributes to hyperhomocysteinemia and hypermethionemia modulating genomic methylation patterns. Hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperammonemia and porphyrinuria are characteristic of autism and schizophrenia. The low acetyl CoA leads to low cholesterol synthesis and low bile acid as well as vitamin D synthesis. Vitamin D and bile acids bind to the VDR producing immunosuppression and their deficiency contributes to the autoimmunity of autism and schizophrenia. Vitamin D and bile acid deficiency can modulate neocortical development and contribute to autism and schizophrenia. Low cholesterol levels can contribute to low sex hormone levels and less well defined gender phenotypes in autism and schizophrenia. Pyruvate dehydrogenase forms part of the enzyme system 2 oxoacid dehydrogenases which were all deficient in Neanderthals, schizophrenic and autistic groups. The other enzymes included are branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase, glycine cleavage enzyme- glycine decarboxylase which are deficient in 58
autism, schizophrenic and Neanderthals. The branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase deficiency leads to increase in branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine. The increase in branched chain amino acids leads to metabolic syndrome x and diabetes mellitus. The increase in branched chain amino acids can also produce immune activation and autoimmune disease. The increase in branched chain amino acids can affect the transport of tryptophan and tyrosine through the neutral amino acid transporter leading to deficiency of monoamine transmission. The branched chain amino acids can increase NMDA activation producing neuronal excitability contributing to neurodegenerative disorders. The alteration in NMDA and monoamine transmission can lead to neuropsychiatric disease. The branched chain amino acids can increase the muscle bulk and strength contributing to the Neanderthal phenotype. The deficiency of glycine cleavage enzyme- glycine decarboxylase can lead to accumulation of glycine. The branched chain amino acids itself inhibits the glycine cleavage enzyme. The PDH deficiency leads to increased glycolysis contributing to increased phosphoglycerate, phosphoserine and serine synthesis. L serine is converted to D serine by serine racemase. D serine and glycine can increase NMDA transmission contributing to neuropsychiatric diseases like autism and schizophrenia as well as neurodegeneration. Glycine itself is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Serine is immune activating contributing to autoimmune disease. Glycine is immunosuppressive. Serine/glycine ratios can modulate immunity and NMDA transmission. Serine can contribute to cell proliferation and cancer. Glycine on the other hand inhibits cell proliferation. Serine by the action serine palmitoyl transferase can generate sphingolipids. Deoxysphingolipids are atherogenic and contribute to the metabolic syndrome x. Thus the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases- pyruvate dehydrogenase, branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase and glycine decarboxylase dysfunction
in
Neanderthals
and
autism
can
contribute
to
neuropsychiatric,
neurodegenerative, cancer, autoimmune disease and metabolic syndrome. Alterations in serine/glycine ratios and organic acidurias are seen in autism, schizophrenia, autoimmune disease,
tumours,
metabolic
syndrome
and
degenerations.
As
said
before
the
hyperammonemia, porphyria and hyperhomocysteinemia seen in autism and schizophrenia are contributed by Neanderthal genes and Neanderthal metabolism.
Autistic Metabolonomics and Systemic Diseases The autistic and schizophrenic neanderthalic metabolonomic phenotype is also seen in cancer, autoimmune disease, degeneration, metabolic syndrome x which can coexist with schizophrenia. This is due to a vagal neuropathy due to defective acetyl choline synthesis 59
consequent to lack of substrate acetyl CoA. This also leads to sympathetic overactivity. Vagal neuropathy is associated with immune activation and autoimmune disease. Vagal neuropathy can contribute to insulin resistance and increased sympathetic activity to neoplastic transformation. The cholesterol synthetic defect leads to defective synaptogenesis seen in autism and schizophrenia. Cholesterol derived bile acid and vitamin D deficiency can contribute to schizophrenia and autism. Cholesterol is involved in contact inhibition and when the membranes are defective can lead to cell proliferation. Low cholesterol levels lead to low vitamin D and bile acid levels both of which bind to VDR producing immunosuppression. This can contribute to autoimmunity. Vitamin D deficiency can contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome phenotype in Neanderthals. Bile acids function as hormones regulating lipid and glucose metabolism and its deficiency can also contribute to syndrome x and insulin resistance. The Warburg phenotype can also contribute to civilizational diseases. The increase in mitochondrial PT pore hexokinase can contribute to cell proliferation and cancer. The increase in GAPD (glyceraldehyde 3phosphate dehydrogenase) can contribute to its ADP ribosylation and nuclear cell death. The increase in glycolysis can contribute to lymphocytes activation and autoimmune diseases. The MHC genes are of Neanderthal origin and autoimmunity is related to Neanderthal MHC alleles. Autoimmunity and antibrain antibodies are characteristic of autism and schizophrenia. The phosphoglycerate, a glycolytic metabolite can be converted to serine a modulator of NMDA receptor and inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine. The increase in fructose 1,6diphosphate results in its channeling to the pentose phosphate pathway generating NADPH stimulating NOX and redox stress contributing to disease. NOX is also involved in NMDA activity. Redox stress and increased NMDA activity contributing to thalamo-cortico-thalamic pathway dysfunction is important in schizophrenia. Thus the generation of atavistic archaeal metabolic, immune and neuronal phenotype can contribute to schizophrenia.
Actinidic archaea and Neanderthal hybrids The further global warming related increase in archaeal growth leads to an atavistic archaeal endosymbiotic colony with its own metabolic phenotype.2 The archaea are actinide dependent and use cholesterol as an energy substrate. The increased archaeal cholesterol catabolism produces endogenous digoxin synthesis which inhibits membrane sodium potassium ATPase activity leading to increase in intracellular calcium and reduction in intracellular magnesium. Increase in intracellular calcium produces calcified nanoarchaea which can exist for eternity. The nanoarchaea as in the case of ignococcus hospitalis can 60
produce multicellular tissue forms resulting in a atavistic actinidic archaeal colony network within the cell. Reverse transcriptase activity of HERV origin can integrate archaeal genomes into the human genome as has been demonstrated with regard to trypanosomal genomes in Chagas disease. The increased expression of archaeal genes and integrated into human genes as a consequence of oxidative stress produced by global warming and ice age resulting in HDAC inhibition and demethylation. The endogenous archaeal genomes when expressed can lead to archaeal multiplication in the system. The basis of origin of Neanderthal hybrids is expression and multiplication of endogenous archaeal sequences in the genome. The Neanderthals would have evolved due to changes in the non-coding area of the primate genome consequent to integration of archaeal genomes into primate genomes in the ice age. Global warming and cooling has been postulated to lead to increased propagation of extremophilic archaeal colonies. In fact global warming has been related to increased release of methane from multiplying archaeal colonies in the ocean bed. During periods of extreme climate change the extremophilic archaea undergoes expansion not only in the environment but also in the non-coding area of the human genome. This by global warming related oxidative stress related HDAC inhibition of reverse transcriptase activation and integrase expression which reintegrase the multiplied archaeal genomes into the human genomes. Homo neanderthalis would have evolved as a consequence of archaeal expansion in the human genome in the ice age and the present increased tendency for expression of Neanderthal autistic hybrid phenotypes would result from the phenomenon of archaeal expansion in the human genome produced by global warming. The archaeal expansion would result from civilizational and industrial activity of homo sapien population. This results in increased green house gas emissions and carbon dioxide production leading to environmental and symbiotic archaeal multiplication. Symbiotic archaeal multiplication results in increased archaeal integration into the non-coding region of genome and expression of Neanderthal hybrids. The environmental archaeal multiplication results in methanogenesis which accelerates geometrically the global warming enhancing the process already set in motion. The increase in archaeal multiplication and global warming will melt the polar ice caps triggering massive floods and catastrophic extinctions. The multiplication of archaea in the ocean beds can trigger earth quakes in the ocean beds and massive tsunamis and floods land continental break down. The cycle of Yugas described in vedic mythology would be a consequence of climate change related catastrophic extinctions and subsequent regeneration of life. The actinidic archaea also being extremophilic can inhabit the intergalactic spaces contributing to intergalactic magnetic fields whose rotation which leads to evolution of star 61
systems. Seeding of life on earth would have come out of asteroids transporting the actinidic archaea into the earth. This would have led to subsequent evolution of the multicellular organism, primates and later on Neanderthal groups. The homo neanderthalis have the APOBEC phenotype which makes them resistant to retroviral infections and the HERV load in the Neanderthal genome is less. The increased archaeal growth and cholesterol catabolism in Neanderthals, schizophrenic and autistic phenotypes lead to increased endogenous digoxin synthesis. Digoxin produces sodium potassium ATPase inhibition and magnesium deficiency intracellularly. Magnesium deficiency inhibits reverse transcriptase activity and HERV expression. Therefore retroviral expression, multiplication and integration into the genome is defective in Neanderthals, autism and schizophrenia. This leads to less dynamicity and fluidity of the Neanderthal genome leading to defective synaptic connectivity, large sized brains and smaller prefrontal cortex. The deficient synaptic connectivity occurs due to two factors. The cholesterol synthesis is less and the glial cholesterol secretion acts as a trophic factor for synaptogenesis. The HERV expression leads onto jumping genes which are responsible for the fluidity and dynamicity of the genome required for the development complex large neuronal networks. This leads to the development of large brain size as in autism and Neanderthals. The cerebral cortex and cerebellum are both large. The cerebellum contains 50 percent of the neurons in the brain. Therefore in the absence of complex neuronal networks in the cerebral cortex especially prefrontal cortex the cerebellum becomes dominant and functions as the master of the brain. The homo sapiens lack the APOBEC phenotype and retroviral resistance. The homo sapiens did not have archaeal overgrowth, cholesterol catabolism and digoxin synthesis. There was no digoxin induced reverse transcriptase inhibition. The HERV expression and its integration into the genome via reverse transcriptase activity led to increase in non coding region of the genome. Retroviral epidemics in African primates contributed to the evolution of homo sapiens and their brain in Africa. The homo sapiens evolved consequent to expansion of HERV sequences in the genome consequent to persistent retroviral infections in African primates. The increase in HERV sequences in the primate genome led to increased fluidity and dynamic nature of the genome leading to development of a dominant prefrontal cortex and limbic lobe. The synaptic connectivity required for the formation of complex neuronal networks based on a dynamic genome modulated by HERV jumping genes were present in the homo sapien brain. This resulted in a trim and lean but more efficient and logical brain with dominant prefrontal cortex function. The cerebellar function was inhibited with predominant control over motor functions. The increase in electromagnetic wave pollution due to internet addiction and persistent usage 62
leads to prefrontal cortical atrophy. This leads to reversion to cerebellar dominance in the homo sapien brain and wide spread increasing incidence of autism, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive neurosis, sexual addiction syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and dyslexias. The lack of APOBEC phenotype in the homo sapiens and the development of resistant retroviral strains would lead to extinction of the homo sapiens species. In addition the global warming can lead to oxidative stress, HDAC inhibition, demethylation and HERV expression leading to reconstitution of retroviruses in the system contributing to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HERV expression in the human genome non coding area has been related to autism and schizophrenia. The development of resistant retroviral infections and the global warming related archaeal multiplication would lead to extermination of the homo sapiens species with its non-coding area of genome contributed by HERV sequences. They will get replaced by Neanderthal hybrids with the non coding region of the genome contributed by integrated archaeal sequence which multiply an increase in length owing to global warming. The multiplying symbiotic and environmental archaea will further contribute to increase global warming, further increased archaeal multiplication and dominance of Neanderthal hybrids in the world. The archaeal metabolism of cholesterol results in low cholesterol levels contributing to sex hormone deficiency, falling reproductive rates and extinction of Neanderthal hybrids generated.
Actinidic archaeal metabolism and autism The actinidic archaea have cholesterol ring oxidase activity generating pyruvate, side chain oxidase activity generating butyrate and propionate, aromatase activity generating the PAH ring and beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity generating the glycosidic digoxin and steroidal bile acids. The endogenous digoxin is archaeal in origin as the glycosidic sugars are not synthesized by the human cell. The glycoside digoxin can regulate neural function, immune function and endocrine function. Endogenous digoxin produces sodium potassium ATPase inhibition resulting in increase in intracellular calcium and reduction in intracellular magnesium. Digoxin can modulate intracellular calcium/magnesium ratios increasing cellular calcium and depleting cellular magnesium. Magnesium deficiency inhibits the glycolytic enzymes, tricarboxylic TCA cycle enzymes and mitochondrial ATP synthase. The increase in intracellular calcium can modulate mitochondrial PT pore and its function. The magnesium deficiency can inhibit DNA and RNA polymerase function as well as reverse transcriptase activity. The HERV genes are not expressed and this affects the jumping genes contributing to the dynamicity and fluidity of the genome. HERV gene expression mediated genomic 63
fluidity is required for the generation of complex neuronal networks and immune genes especially the HLA genes. This leads to defective development of the prefrontal cortex and its connections as well as immune mechanisms contributing to autoimmune diseases. Thus digoxin can inhibit genomic function. The digoxin induced intracellular magnesium deficiency results in ribosomal disintegration and defective protein synthesis. The PDH blockade results in defective generation of acetyl CoA resulting in reduced synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. Fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis is also inhibited by magnesium deficiency related mitochondrial ATP synthase dysfunction. The actinidic archaeal multicellular network through digoxin secretion effectively blocks and shuts down all aspects of cell metabolism. The cellular energetic depends upon sodium potassium ATPase mediated membrane ATP synthesis. The cell requirement of ATP comes down as the membrane sodium pump is inhibited and all metabolic pathways are blocked. The cell goes into hibernation. The human cell, tissues and organ systems functions as a zombie. The cell is taken over by the atavistic multicellular actinidic archaeal colony. The actinidic archaeal metabolism survives. As fatty acid, glucose and amino acid metabolism is inhibited the glucose, fatty acids and amino acids accumulate in the cell and is used for actinidic archaeal metabolic pathways. This is exemplified by increase in actinide catalysed hexokinase activity, mitochondrial ATP synthase activity, membrane sodium potassium ATPase mediated ATP synthesis and cholesterol oxidase- side chain oxidase, ring oxidase, ring aromatase, beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase activity. The archaeal shikimic acid pathway synthesizes tyrosine and tryptophan derived neurotransmitters and neuroalkaloids. The shikimic acid pathway can synthesize dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin as well as neuroalkaloids- morphine, nicotine and strychnine as has been demonstrated from this laboratory. The atavistic archaeal metabolism using cholesterol as energy substrates and actinides as catalyst takes over the cell. The human cell which goes into hibernation functions as a zombie with the multicellular actinidic archaeal colony taking over the cell and the body. Digoxin can produce cell death by calcium mediated mitochondrial PT pore dysfunction and cell proliferation by increased intracellular calcium activating RAS oncogene. Digoxin by modulating sodium potassium ATPase can regulate cell membrane and nuclear membrane transport. Digoxin can modulate NFKB function by increase in intracellular calcium and produce immune activation. Digoxin by altering intracellular calcium/magnesium ratios can modulate G-protein coupled and protein tyrosine kinase related neurotransmitter and endocrine receptors. Hyperdigoxinemia has been related to autism. Butyrate functions as a HDAC inhibitor regulating genomic function and 64
also producing immunosuppression. Butyrate mediated altered genomic function can contribute to autism. Propionate can contribute to organic acidurias. Propionate can produce NMDA activation, increased monoamine transmission produce immunosuppression and modulate synaptic transmission. Pyruvate is also immunosuppressive, regulates insulin secretion and functions as an antioxidant. PAH can modulate AHR receptor function regulating cell proliferation and immunity. PAH and AHR receptor activation can affect brain function leading onto autism and ADHD. Cholesterol oxidase activity can generate H2O2 and redox stress modulating cell function. Redox stress is related to autism. The archaea can generate magnetite modulating magnetoperception and extrasensory perception important in autism. Thus the archaeal cholesterol catabolism can regulate genetic, immune, metabolic, endocrine and neural functions producing an atavistic phenotype. This atavistic archaeal colony functions as a new phenotype leading to autism. Climate change leads to global warming and increase in extremophilic archaeal growth. This leads onto autistic and schizophrenic metabolic patterns and increased incidence of civilizational diseases. The human body is taken over by the atavistic archaeal colonial phenotype leading to a zombie syndrome. There is a body change, mind change and cultural change akin to climate change. This leads onto neanderthalisation of the human species.
Autism, schizophrenia and Neanderthal hybrid brain The increase in archaeal growth and autistic metabolic patterns leads to autistic, cultural, neural and linguistic atavistic phenotypes. Low cholesterol values are characteristic of autistic brains. Low cholesterol levels can contribute to defective synaptogenesis as cholesterol is a trophic factor for synaptogenesis. This leads to reactive brain hypertrophy and neocortical dysfunction. The Neanderthals had large stout bodies and motor movements were an important part of their hunter gatherer life style. This also was associated with larger eyes and a highly defined visual system important in their hunter gatherer life style. This would also have been associated with a prominent pineal gland with its retinal connections for regulation of diurnal rhythms and geomagnetic field modulation of body function. The Neanderthal brain was larger in size but the major part of the brain was associated with regulation of motor movements and vision crucial for their hunter gatherer life style. The importance of motor movements and the large body size of the Neanderthals contributed to a prominent motor cortex and parietal lobe. The visual cortex also occupied a major part of the cerebral cortex in view of the importance of vision for hunter gatherer lifestyle. The visual, gustatory, auditory and sensory cortex were dominant leading to a predominance of sensory 65
perception regulating life or a civilization of senses. Sensual satisfaction becomes the dominant theme in life. The bile acids important in forming large social groups were binding to olfactory GPCR receptors producing limbic lobe stimulation was deficient. The limbic lobe areas of hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex were ill developed. The prefrontal cortex concerned with social interaction, executive decisions, judgment and social networking was small. Therefore the Neanderthals never formed large social clusters but only small matriarchal groups. The Neanderthals never formed large national groups as the prefrontal cortex concerned with logical higher level executive interactions was small. The language area of the brain was not developed and the linguistic substrates of the nation states was also lacking. This results in lack of nation states among Neanderthal population and states of war. The motor cortex, the cerebellar cortex controlling coordination and the visual cortex were dominant. The cerebellar cortex was more dominant as compared to the cerebral cortex. The Neanderthal brain had cerebellar dominance. The bulk of the cerebellar function was cognitory and motor regulation. The cerebellum is concerned with impulsive behavior, disinhibited states, obsessive compulsive states, paranoid states, childish naive behavior, ritualised behavior and stereotyped repetitive behavior. The cerebellum is concerned with hypometric and hypermetric states and produces dysmetria of thought. The cerebellar vermis is concerned with emotional behavior. The posterior cerebellum is predominantly cognitory. The anterior cerebellum is concerned with motor regulation. Right cerebellum is connected to the left cerebral hemisphere and left cerebellum is connected to the right cerebral hemisphere. Through the phenomena of diaschiasis cerebral cortical atrophy leads to cerebellar atrophy. Thus if the cerebellum is not developed in the fetus the cerebral cortex does not develop. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex development depends upon cerebellar development. In the context of defective cerebellar development the prefrontal cortex fails to develop. The cerebellum is in fact more important than the cerebral cortex and contains 50% of the neurons of the brain. The cerebral cortical and cerebellar function can be compared as conscious versus unconscious, dream versus wake and logical versus intuitive. It can also be compared as patriarchal cerebral cortex versus matriarchal cerebellar cortex as well as commonsensical cerebral cortex versus magical cerebellar cortex. The cerebral cortex can be considered as the HERV modulated brain and the cerebellar cortex can be considered as archaeal modulated brain. As said before, the atavistic archaeal colony network secretes digoxin and neuronal cell goes into metabolic and functional hibernation. The atavistic actinidic archaeal colony network functions as an information sensing and processing network which also has a capacity of social intelligence. The archaeal colony network has got magnetite capable of 66
magnetoperception and quantal perception.
Actinidic archaeal colony mediated quantal
perception becomes the dominant form of perception as the neuronal cells goes into metabolic and functional hibernation induced by digoxin. The conscious perception modulated by the thalamo-cortico-thalamic pathway becomes dysfunctional and is replaced by magnetoperception/quantal perception mediated by digoxin induced pumped phonon system involving in dipolar magnetite and porphyrins. The porphyrin and magnetite induced quantal perception can contribute to wave forms of the atavistic archaeal colony network generating macromolecular quantal states. The porphyrins and magnetite are dipolar molecules and can lead onto macroscopic quantal states. Extrasensory perceptual modes are dominant in autism and schizophrenia. The magnetite and archaeal porphyrins are dipolar and in the presence of digoxin induced sodium potassium ATPase inhibition can create pumped phonon states required for quantal perception. The porphyrins which are synthesized more in autism and schizophrenia contribute to extrasensory perception. Extrasensory quantal perception is dominant in autism and schizophrenia. In the quantal state everything exists as unlimited probabilities and it is the conscious observer that brings one of the probabilities into one graviton criteria and consciousness. The multiple probabilities in the quantal states according to the many world interpretation can exist in multiple universes or multiverses at the same time. Thus the quantal brain modulated by the actinidic archaeal colony is eternal and can exist for ever. This forms the basis of the biocentric theory of the universe producing a unified explanation for all phenomena. The world exists because of consciousness. The universe is basically biological. The actinidic nanoarchaea are extremophilic and can exists in the intergalactic space contributing to the spiral intergalactic magnetic fields whose rotation leads to the evolution of star systems and planets. Life itself would have an actinidic origin formed on actinidic substrates by abiogenesis. The quantal brain function and quantal phenomena like quantal crystal diffraction gradient can lead onto the origin of the material world. The cerebellum is concerned with extrasensory perception and trance like hypnotic states. The cerebellum is involved in out of the body experience and magical states. Spiritual experiences and magical experiences as well as dream like states are also mediated via the cerebellum. The cerebellum is dominant for intuition. Intuitive phenomenon is the basis of creativity and can be called as sixth sense. The cerebellum is involved in telepathy, telekinesis and poltergeist phenomena. Quantal perception is also dominant in the cerebellum as 50% of the neurons in the brain are in the cerebellum and the atavistic actinidic archaeal colony network is basically lodged in cerebellum. Quantal perception can lead to 67
communication with the animals and plants. Magnetoperception and quantal perception would have generated a feeling of oneness of humans, nature and animals contributing to a spiritual experience. Magnetoperception and porphyrins are involved in sensing of geomagnetic fields. This leads onto a feeling of oneness with nature and group. This leads onto group consciousness, group identity and group motherhood characteristic of Neanderthal clusters. There is no individual identity which is replaced with group identity. This would have contributed to a magical civilization of dreams. This would have generated a pagan culture. The prominent pineal gland would have led to dominant geomagnetic and solar perception leading to a greater level of spirituality. Thus the dominant extrasensory quantal perceptive modes in the Neanderthal brain would have led to a world of dreams in quantal foam where the material world merged with the world of quantal waves. This would have led to a sense of oneness with the world or a feeling of God which can be aptly described as the world of Maya. This can lead onto increase sense of spirituality in the Neanderthal groups. Since the prefrontal and temporal cognitive cortex was small and dysfunctional extrasensory perception dominated. The Neanderthal brain had an atavistic archaeal colony network. The archaeal magnetite induced magnetoperception and group consciousness. The atavistic archaeal colony network has magnetite and actinide mediated magnetoperception in autism. They also had nonlocal communication and telepathic abilities. Quantal perception was more dominant compared to conscious perception. This leads onto dominance of unconscious over conscious function. This contributes to a dreamy shamanic trance like states leading to spiritual experience. Magnetoperception and quantal perception can contribute to perceiving nature and environmental consciousness. Neocortical function is defective due to defective synaptogenesis. Brain function is more intuitive than logical. There is more of emotional behavior than logical behavior. There is more of dreamy trance like spiritual states than wakeful states. The population lives in dreamy, hallucinatory state. Extrasensory perception contributes to spiritual experience in autism and Neanderthals. The conversion of ketone bodies derived from ketogenic diet to the neurotransmitter GABA and hydroxybutyric acid would have contributed to stimulation of inhibitory transmission in the brain and docile, spiritual behavior of Neanderthal societies. Quantal perception and magnetoperception leads to the phenomena of social networking with equality among all people participating in the network and without a leader. Such social networking behaviour has led to rapid social revolutions in recent times as in Egypt and northern Africa. Social networking groups linked by quantal perceptive modes become the basis of society. The family, the caste and religious 68
hierarchies dissolves giving way to more gender equal and social equal networking groups based on quantal perception or magnetoperception. Neocortical dysfunction contributes to defective vocalization in Neanderthals. They also had a highly placed larynx contributing to disordered symmetry between swallowing and breathing leading to evolution of linguistics characteristic of Dravidian language lacking quantal vowels. Language development and communication skills decline with more of gestural and extrasensory communication. Vocal language spoken and written becomes less and less widely used. The use of gestural and communicative music and dance becomes dominant in replacement to written and spoken speech. The cerebellum is important with regard to speech. Word selection, grammar, prosody and gestures depend on the cerebellum. Cerebellar dominance leads to defective language usage, autism and dyslexias. Symbolic gestural communicative forms and trances have been described in art forms of Kerala exemplified by Kathakali and Theyyams.10 Speech defects are hallmark of autism. This leads onto widespread generation of autistic brain phenotypes in the community. The cerebellum though was large was predominantly cognitory. This leads to decreased efficiency of motor function of the cerebellum leading onto a functional cerebellar syndrome. The Neanderthal movements were clumsy owing to cerebellar dysfunction as happens in autism. The cerebellar speech staccato, explosive, incoordinate and slurred. This can lead onto a musical quality for speech. The frontal cortical dysfunction leads to ecolalia and repetitive. This would have lead to the origin of music. The Neanderthal language would have been predominantly musical. The appendicular incoordination leads to appendicular ataxia. This leads onto the creation of vague abstract forms of drawing. This would have been the genesis of the abstract art. The written language of the Neanderthals as in the case of Dravidian Harappans was predominantly as pictorial scripts or hieroglyphics. Abstract art originated in the Basque community with leading figures like Picasso and Dali generated from them. The cerebellar appendicular ataxia also leads to ataxic gait leading to generation of dance forms. Symbolic dance forms of Theyyam and Kathakali in Kerala are representative of this. The frontal cortical dysfunction also leads to ecopraxia or repetition of motor acts. Repetitive cerebellar and frontal cortical dysfunction related ataxic movements would have been the origin of dance forms. Dominant cerebellar function contributes to the development of religious rituals, music and dance. The archetypes of the unconscious common to all civilizations also have their substratum in the cerebellum. Neanderthal music, art and dance were a form of spiritual worship in communion with nature as a part of environmental 69
consciousness. Repetitive and ritualized motor acts as a part of spiritual worship would have been generated by prefrontal cortex and cerebellar dysfunction. The increased exposure to the low level electromagnetic fields due to increase in internet usage in the current population also leads to atrophy of the prefrontal cortex leading to dominance of parietal, motor and visual cortex. This creates a Neanderthal like brain in people with internet addiction and over usage which is widespread in the modern world. The shrinkage of the prefrontal cortex and its dopaminergic pathways linking to the basal ganglia is the basis of drug, sexual and sugar addiction. Addictive behaviours were common in the Neanderthal population with usage of drugs like ephedra for creating shamanic states. Similar addictive behavior is common in population overexposed to low level electromagnetic fields generated by internet usage and resultant prefrontal cortex shrinkage. The cerebellar dominance leads to increased incidence of schizophrenia, autism, dyslexia, ADHD, obsessive compulsive disorder and sexual addiction syndromes. The cerebellar size is related to estrogen and testosterone levels and cerebellar dysfunction can contribute to sexual deviant obsessive traits. Thus cerebellar dominance leads to dysmetria of motion and dysmetria of thought leading to dominant quantal perceptive mode. Cerebellar dominant individuals are creative, autistic savants and geniuses but are clumsy with routine motor acts due to dysmetria of motion.
Increasing incidence of autism, actinidic archaea and global warming The rising incidence of autism can be related to global warming related archaeal growth in the brain and low EMF exposure due to increased internet usage. The increase in homo sapien growth and increased industrial pollution and global warming leads to archaeal overgrowth and neanderthalisation of the brain leading to return of the magical world. This also would result from increased electromagnetic pollution and internet usage leading onto prefrontal cortex atrophy and autistic brain dominance. There would be a return to the dreamy world of the Neanderthals. The increase in archaeal growth in the oceans would also increase methanogenesis and global warming as also contributes to quakes in the ocean bed, leading to Tsunamis. The global warming would lead to melting of the ice caps of the earth and flooding leading to eventual extinction of the world population. In addition the low cholesterol levels and low sex hormone levels would lead to an asexual gender equal world with aberrant sexual behavior and decreased reproductive rates contributing to population extinction. This would be the basis of the theories of Kali yuga, and end of the world in mythologies. The quantal magical world of the Neanderthals would persist. Vitamin D deficiency can produce abnormalities in brain synaptogenesis and growth. Macrocephaly and 70
large sized brains are seen in autism and Neanderthals.11 The Neanderthal have been postulated to have the APOBEC3G phenotype producing retroviral resistance as in Dravidian related Australian aboriginals.9 The Neanderthal hybrids are resistant to retroviral infections and have less of HERV load in the genome. The homo sapiens lack the APOBEC phenotype and are more susceptible to retroviral infections producing increased integration of HERV into the genome. HERV integration into the genome produces jumping genes and a dynamic genome. This dynamic genome is important in generation of complex synaptic networks and HLA phenotypes. This leads to the smaller size brain with increase in prefrontal cortex and autoimmunity in the homo sapiens unlike the Eurasian Neanderthal phenotype. The homo sapien brain with its prefrontal cortex dominance and smaller size is a consequence of HERV expression in contrast to the large sized Neanderthal brain with smaller prefrontal cortex which is induced by endosymbiotic archaeal over growth. The increased cholesterol levels and bile acid levels in homo sapiens resulted in bile acid binding to olfactory GPCR receptors and limbic lobe stimulation. This resulted in prefrontal cortex and temporal cortex hypertrophy. The homo sapien brain was dominated by the large prefrontal cortex which was required for executive, logical, reasoning and questioning ability. This led onto the world of logic and reason. The homo sapien brain was dominated by a web of synaptic connections produced by HERV expression mediated dynamic genome. The prefrontal cortical dominance led to the evolution of large social groups and nation states. The evolution of language areas in the frontoparietal cortex developed into linguistic substrates of nation states. This resulted in lack of global consciousness and genesis of the idea of war between nations and persecution of linguistic groups or nations. This was a logical brain as compared to the intuitive and spiritual brain of the Neanderthals. The loss of extrasensory quantal perceptive modes of the homo sapien brain led to decreased communion with plants, animals and nature leading to decreased environmental consciousness in the Western homo sapien civilization. Homo sapiens alone were considered to have the life force of soul and the plant and animal kingdom was outside the pale of spirituality. The loss of environmental consciousness and spirituality resulted in environmental destruction and global warming. The communion with nature was lost and life became mechanical, logical and commonsensical. The magical dreamy trance like world of the Neanderthal brain was lost. This arose with the dominance of the Western Christian civilization. The dreamy trance like world of the hermetic faiths- Kabbala, Shamanism, Paganism, Hinduism, Taoism, Shintoism and Gnostic Christianity was lost with loss of the Neanderthal structure of the brain. The archaeal 71
overgrowth related changes in the brain and development of Neanderthal hybrids contribute to schizophrenia and autism.
Neanderthal hybrids and endocrine function Low cholesterol leads to low testosterone and estrogen levels and defective sex hormone modulation of brain function and growth. This would lead to defective stress response and sexual reproductive rates leading to eventual extinction of the Neanderthal population. Low testosterone levels and estrogen levels would lead to less defined asexual phenotypes, lack of male dominance, gender equality and matriarchal societies with group motherhood. This is the basis of the matriarchal cultural phenotype with lack of male dominance. The low sex hormone levels would lead to low maturity rates seen in fossil specimens of characteristic of Neanderthals. Bile acids bind to the olfactory receptors and lead to limbic lobe stimulation and family bonding as well as bonding between individual mother and child. The group motherhood characteristic of matriarchy would be a reflection of low bile acid levels. The low bile acid levels leads to less family bonding. This contributes to autistic behaviour. There is no family bonding which gets replaced with common motherhood. This fits in with the grandmother hypothesis with dominant females regulating the society. The society becomes more gender equal with its astereotyped asexual behavioural patterns common in autism. These phenomena can lead to globalization, loss of national identity, loss of sexual identity and universalisation of behavior and thought.12-15 The homo sapiens had higher cholesterol levels leading to higher levels of sex hormone synthesistestosterone and estrogen. This lead to the development of a male dominant patriarchal society in homo sapiens. The females were suppressed and were not allowed any rights and subjected to the rigid social codes enforced by the male dominant patriarchy. The sexual behavior was also more towards conservative forms with aberrations being considered as illegal. The homo sapien society gender unequal society. The increased cholesterol and bile acid levels led to increase in family bonding and family as a basic structure of society. The child was identified with the father and his family. The concept of nuclear family got strengthened in the homo sapien group. The group community feeling and group motherhood of the matriarchal Neanderthal society was lost. Neanderthal societies with its group motherhood, group consciousness, gender equality and togetherness were akin to a primitive form of communist society. This postulate has been put forward by Engels in his thesis ‘The Mothers’. The Neanderthal society because of its group consciousness was more of a primitive communist or socialistic society and paganistic. The lack of sex hormone 72
modulation of brain function in Neanderthal hybrids can contribute to schizophrenia and autism.
Neanderthal hybrids, actinidic archaea and civilizational disease- cancer, metabolic syndrome x, autoimmune disease and neurodegeneration The human cell and tissues go into hibernation mediated by the actinidic archaeal colony secreted digoxin. The DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, ribosomal function, fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis, TCA cycle, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cholesterol/fatty acid synthesis gets shut down owing to archaeal digoxin induced magnesium deficiency. The human cell and tissues go into hibernation with the energy for survival produced by membrane sodium potassium ATPase mediated ATP synthesis. The actinidic archaea forms a multicellular colony/network which takes over the human cell and tissues which are reduced to a zombie in hibernation. This produces a human zombie syndrome. The glucose, fatty acids and amino acids accumulate in the cell as the metabolic and catabolic pathways are blocked. The actinidic archaeal metabolic using actinide catalysis takes over. Actinide dependent hexokinase activity and mitochondrial ATP synthase activity as well as cholesterol oxidase activity has been described in systemic disorders. The hyperglycemia generated due to actinidic archaea secreted digoxin induced block in glucose catabolism leads to diabetes mellitus. Endogenous digoxin leads to increase in vascular smooth muscle calcium, vasospasm and vascular thromobosis. The actinidic archaeal atavistic network and colony grows into neoplasms and cancer. The actinidic archaeal colony generated digoxin shuts down the metabolic machinery of the neuronal cell and over a period of time lead to cell death contributing to neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and motor neuron disease. The actinidic archaeal colony secreted digoxin shuts down the neuronal metabolic machinery and synaptic networks resulting in dominance of quantal and magnetoperception. Quantal and magnetoperception is mediated by digoxin induced dipolar magnetite and archaeal porphyrins pumped phonon system. As the cerebellum contains 50% of the neurons in the brain the cerebellar magnetoperception and quantal perception dominates. The cerebellum becomes dominant. Cerebellar dominance can also occur due to electromagnetic pollution and wider internet usage. Low level of EMF is perceived by magnetite in the brain. This leads to prefrontal cortical atrophy and cerebellar dominance. Cerebellar dominance has been related to autism, schizophrenia, OCD, ADHD, sexual deviant traits and naïve childhood type disinhibited, impulsive behavior. The atavistic archaeal colony network takes over the body and tissues. This leads to immune activation, 73
generation of autoantigens as the human body tries to fight the invading archaeal atavistic colony. This leads to autoimmune disease like lupus, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The archaeal atavistic colony generated digoxin blocks reverse transcriptase activity and retroviral multiplication and integration. This leads to resistance to retroviral infection. The defective HERV expression leads to defective jumping genes and HLA genes contributing to autoimmune disease. The MHC genes are of Neanderthal origin and autoimmunity is related to Neanderthal MHC alleles. Autoimmunity and antibrain antibodies are characteristic of autism. Autism and schizophrenia is associated with systemic disorders. The autistic metabolonomic phenotype is also seen in cancer, autoimmune disease, degeneration, metabolic syndrome x and schizophrenia. This is due to a vagal neuropathy due to defective acetyl choline synthesis consequent to lack of substrate acetyl CoA. This also leads to sympathetic overactivity. Vagal neuropathy is associated with immune activation and autoimmune disease. Vagal neuropathy can contribute to insulin resistance and increased sympathetic activity to neoplastic transformation. The cholesterol synthetic defect leads to defective synaptogenesis seen in autism and schizophrenia. Cholesterol derived bile acid and vitamin D deficiency can contribute to schizophrenia and autism. Cholesterol is involved in contact inhibition and when the membranes are defective can lead to cell proliferation. Low cholesterol levels lead to low vitamin D and bile acid levels both of which bind to VDR producing immunosuppression. This can contribute to autoimmunity. Vitamin D deficiency can contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome phenotype in Neanderthals. Bile acids function as hormones regulating lipid and glucose metabolism and its deficiency can also contribute to syndrome x and insulin resistance. Thus the generation of atavistic archaeal colony/network leads to a new metabolic, immune and neuronal phenotype taking over the human body contributing to civilizational diseases like cancer, degenerations, autoimmune disease and metabolic syndrome x which are showing an epidemic increase in incidence like autism. The human body goes to hibernation and death as a zombie taken over by the actinidic archaeal colony network which rules over the human brain, organ systems, tissues and cell. The age of Neanderthals blooms again with its catastrophic consequences.
Conclusion The results suggest neanderthalisation of the humans due to global warming and archaeal growth. The neanderthalisation of the human species is the basis of the global autistic, schizophrenic and civilizational disease epidemic- epidemic Neanderthal hybrid zombie syndrome. The matrilineal societies are fossilized Neanderthal remnants and 74
Neoneanderthal hybrids contribute to civilizational diseases. There is a mind change, linguistic change, cultural change, social change and spiritual change akin to climate change owing to increased archaeal growth as a consequence of global warming. The Neanderthal species evolved during periods of extreme climate change of the Ice age which led to increased extremophilic endosymbiotic archaeal growth. A similar extreme climate phenomenon of global warming is a feature of our current existence. This leads to increased extremophilic endosymbiotic archaeal growth and neanderthalisation of the population. Low cholesterol levels and low sex hormone levels would lead to asexual phenotypes and eventual population extinction. A new human species homo archaeax neanderthalis with its new anthropometric, metabolic, cultural, linguistic, neural, psychological and genetic atavistic phenotype is evolving.16 The neanderthalisation of the human species is the basis of the global autistic, schizophrenic and civilizational disease epidemic- epidemic Neanderthal hybrid zombie syndrome. The matrilineal societies are fossilized Neanderthal remnants and Neoneanderthal hybrids contribute to civilizational diseases. The Neanderthal hybrids will eventually replace the homo sapien species.
References 1.
Weaver TD, Hublin JJ. Neandertal Birth Canal Shape and the Evolution of Human Childbirth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009; 106:8151–8156.
2.
Kurup RA, Kurup PA. Endosymbiotic Actinidic Archaeal Mediated Warburg Phenotype Mediates Human Disease State. Advances in Natural Science 2012; 5(1):8184.
3.
Morgan E. The Neanderthal theory of autism, Asperger and ADHD; 2007, www.rdos.net/eng/asperger.htm.
4.
Graves P. New Models and Metaphors for the Neanderthal Debate. Current Anthropology 1991; 32(5):513-541.
5.
Sawyer GJ, Maley B. Neanderthal Reconstructed. The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist 2005; 283B(1):23-31.
6.
Bastir M, O’Higgins P, Rosas A. Facial Ontogeny in Neanderthals and Modern Humans. Proc. Biol. Sci. 2007; 274:1125–1132.
7.
Neubauer S, Gunz P, Hublin JJ. Endocranial Shape Changes during Growth in Chimpanzees and Humans: A Morphometric Analysis of Unique and Shared Aspects. J. Hum. Evol. 2010; 59:555–566.
8.
Courchesne E, Pierce K. Brain Overgrowth in Autism during a Critical Time in Development: Implications for Frontal Pyramidal Neuron and Interneuron Development and Connectivity. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 2005; 23:153–170.
75
9.
Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, Maricic T, Stenzel U, Kircher M, Patterson N, Li H, Zhai W, et al. A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome. Science 2010; 328:710– 722.
10.
Mithen SJ. The Singing Neanderthals: The Origins of Music, Language, Mind and Body; 2005, ISBN 0-297-64317-7.
11.
Bruner E, Manzi G, Arsuaga JL. Encephalization and Allometric Trajectories in the Genus Homo: Evidence from the Neandertal and Modern Lineages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003; 100:15335–15340.
12. Gooch S. The Dream Culture of the Neanderthals: Guardians of the Ancient Wisdom. Inner Traditions, Wildwood House, London; 2006. 13. Gooch S. The Neanderthal Legacy: Reawakening Our Genetic and Cultural Origins. Inner Traditions, Wildwood House, London; 2008. 14.
Kurtén B. Den Svarta Tigern, ALBA Publishing, Stockholm, Sweden; 1978.
15.
Spikins P. Autism, the Integrations of ‘Difference’ and the Origins of Modern Human Behaviour. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2009; 19(2):179-201.
16.
Eswaran V, Harpending H, Rogers AR. Genomics Refutes an Exclusively African Origin of Humans. Journal of Human Evolution 2005; 49(1):1-18.
76
CHAPTER 5 CLIMATE CHANGE AND SPECIES EXTINCTION - THE EXTINCTION OF HOMO SAPIENS AND SYMBIOTIC NEANDERTHALISATION - HOMO SAPIEN EXTINCTUS
Introduction Prion proteins have been implicated in systemic disorders like neurodegenerations, cancer and metabolic syndrome. The beta amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease, alpha synuclein in Parkinson’s disease, the TAR protein in frontotemporal dementia and copper zinc dismutase in motor neuron disease behaves like prion proteins. Prion proteins like behavior is also seen in the tumour suppressor P53 protein in cancer and the islet cell associated amyloid in diabetes mellitus. Prion diseases are conformational diseases. The abnormal prion protein seeded into the system converts the normal proteins with prion like domains to abnormal configuration. This abnormal protein resists digestion by lysosomal enzymes after its half life is over and results in deposition of amyloid plaques. This produces organ dysfunction. Prion phenomena were initially described for Creutzfeldt Jakob’s disease, but now it is found to be wide spread in chronic disease pathogenesis. Ribonucleoproteins are well known to behave like prion proteins and form amyloid. We have demonstrated actinidic archaea which secretes RNA viroids in metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerations, cancer, autoimmune disease, schizophrenia, autism and CJD. The RNA viroids can bind with normal proteins with prion like domains, eg. superoxide dismutase and produce a ribonucleoprotein resulting in prion phenomena and amyloidogenesis. The actinidic archaeal growth results in increased digoxin synthesis and phenotypic conversion of homo sapiens to homo Neanderthals as reported earlier. The increased actinidic archaeal growth is due to global warming and this results in neanderthalisation. Homo neanderthalis tend to have more of civilizational diseases like metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerations, cancer, autoimmune disease, schizophrenia, autism and CJD. Actinidic archaeal secreted RNA viroids may play a crucial role in amyloid formation and pathogenesis of these disorders.1-16
Materials and Methods The following groups were included in the study:- Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, metabolic syndrome x with cerebrovascular thrombosis and coronary artery disease, schizophrenia, autism, seizure disorder, Creutzfeldt Jakob’s disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. There were 10 patients in each group and 77
each patient had an age and sex matched healthy control selected randomly from the general population. The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state before treatment was initiated. Plasma from fasting heparinised blood was used and the experimental protocol was as follows:- (I) Plasma+phosphate buffered saline, (II) same as I+cholesterol substrate, (III) same as II+cerium 0.1 mg/ml, and (IV) same as II+ciprofloxacine and doxycycline each in a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Cholesterol substrate was prepared as described by Richmond. Aliquots were withdrawn at zero time immediately after mixing and after incubation at 37oC for 1 hour. The following estimations were carried out:- Cytochrome F420, free RNA, Cytochrome F420 was estimated flourimetrically (excitation wavelength 420 nm and emission wavelength 520 nm). Plasma of control subjects showed increased levels of the above mentioned parameters with after incubation for 1 hour and addition of cholesterol substrate resulted in still further significant increase in these parameters. The plasma of patients showed similar results but the extent of increase was more. The addition of antibiotics to the control plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of cerium increased their levels. The addition of antibiotics to the patient’s plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of cerium increased their levels but the extent of change was more in patient’s sera as compared to controls. The results are expressed in tables 1-2 as percentage change in the parameters after 1 hour incubation as compared to the values at zero time.
Results The results show that there was increase in cytochrome F420 in CJD and other disease groups indicating increased archaeal growth. There was also an increase in free RNA indicating self replicating RNA viroids in CJD and other disease groups. The RNA viroid generation was catalysed by actinides. The RNA viroids can bind with proteins having prion like domains forming ribonucleoproteins. These ribonucleoproteins can give an abnormal conformation to the protein resulting in generation of abnormal prions. The abnormal prions can act as a template to convert normal proteins with normal configuration to abnormal conformation. This can result in amyloidogenesis. The abnormal configured proteins will resist lysosomal digestion and accumulate as amyloid.
78
Table 1. Effect of cerium and antibiotics on cytochrome F420
Group Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism F value P value
CYT F420 % (Increase with Cerium) Mean + SD 4.48 0.15 23.24 2.01 23.46 1.87 23.12 2.00 22.12 1.81 22.79 2.13 22.59 1.86 22.29 1.66 22.06 1.61 21.68 1.90 306.749 < 0.001
CYT F420 % (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.24 0.66 58.72 7.08 59.27 8.86 56.90 6.94 61.33 9.82 55.90 7.29 57.05 8.45 59.02 7.50 57.81 6.04 57.93 9.64 130.054 < 0.001
Table 2. Effect of cerium and antibiotics on free RNA Group Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism F value P value
RNA % change (Increase with Cerium) Mean + SD 4.37 0.13 23.59 1.83 23.08 1.87 23.29 1.92 23.29 1.98 23.78 1.20 23.33 1.86 23.32 1.74 23.11 1.52 23.33 1.35 427.828 < 0.001
RNA % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.38 0.48 65.69 3.94 65.09 3.48 65.39 3.95 67.46 3.96 66.90 4.10 66.46 3.65 65.67 4.16 66.68 3.97 66.83 3.27 654.453 < 0.001
Discussion Archaeal RNA viroids, prions and amyloid There was increase in cytochrome F420 indicating archaeal growth. The archaea can synthesize and use cholesterol as a carbon and energy source. The archaeal origin of the self replicating RNA was indicated by antibiotic induced suppression. The study indicates the presence of actinide based archaea with an alternate actinide based enzymes or metalloenzymes in the system as indicated by cerium induced increase in enzyme activities. There was an increase in free RNA indicating self replicating RNA viroids. The actinides modulate RNA folding and catalyse its ribozymal action. Digoxin can cut and paste the 79
viroidal strands by modulating RNA splicing generating RNA viroidal diversity. The viroids are evolutionarily escaped archaeal group I introns which have retrotransposition and self splicing qualities. The RNA viroids can bind with proteins having prion like domains forming ribonucleoproteins. These ribonucleoproteins can give an abnormal conformation to the protein resulting in generation of abnormal prions. The abnormal prions can act as a template to convert normal proteins with normal configuration to abnormal conformation. This can result in amyloidogenesis. The abnormal configured proteins will resist lysosomal digestion and accumulate as amyloid. Amyloidogenesis has been implicated in systemic disorders. The beta amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease, alpha synuclein in Parkinson’s disease, the TAR protein in frontotemporal dementia and copper zinc dismutase in motor neuron disease behaves like prion proteins. Prion proteins like behavior is also seen in the tumour suppressor P53 protein in cancer and the islet cell associated amyloid in diabetes mellitus. Prion diseases are conformational diseases. The RNA viroids generated from actinidic archaea can bind to proteins with prion like domains resulting in generation of ribonucleoproteins. Ribonucleoproteins with abnormal conformation can act as a template for normal proteins with prion like domains to change to abnormal conformation. This results in generation of prion proteins with abnormal conformation resisting lysosomal digestion and generating amyloid. These systemic diseases are due to actinidic archaeal generated RNA viroid induced prion protein generation and amyloidogenesis. Prion proteins have been implicated in systemic disorders like neurodegenerations, cancer and metabolic syndrome. The beta amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease, alpha synuclein in Parkinson’s disease, the TAR protein in frontotemporal dementia and copper zinc dismutase in motor neuron disease behaves like prion proteins. Prion proteins like behavior is also seen in the tumour suppressor P53 protein in cancer and the islet cell associated amyloid in diabetes mellitus. The present study shows that the same prion protein mechanism can operate in schizophrenia, autism and autoimmune diseases. Sporadic CJD is also induced by actinidic archaea induced RNA viroids. Actinidic archaeal induced RNA viroids generated prions can be transferred between individuals indicating the infective nature of
neurodegenerations,
cancer,
metabolic
syndrome,
autoimmune
disease
and
neuropsychiatric diseases.
80
Archaeal porphyrins, amyloid and prions The archaeal porphyrins can modulate amyloid formation. The archaeal cholesterol oxidase activity was increased resulting in generation of pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide. The pyruvate gets converted to glutamate and ammonia by the GABA shunt pathway. The pyruvate is converted to glutamate by serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase. The glutamate gets acted upon by glutamate dehydrogenase to generate alpha ketoglutarate and ammonia. Alanine is most commonly produced by the reductive amination of pyruvate via alanine transaminase. This reversible reaction involves the interconversion of alanine and pyruvate, coupled to the interconversion of alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) and glutamate. Alanine can contribute to glycine. Glutamate is acted upon by glutamic acid decarboxylase to generate GABA. GABA is converted to succinic semialdehyde by GABA transaminase. Succinic semialdehyde is converted to succinic acid by succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Glycine combines with succinyl CoA to generate delta aminolevulinic acid catalysed by the enzyme ALA synthase. There was upregulated archaeal porphyrin synthesis in the patient population which was archaeal in origin as indicated by actinide catalysis of the reactions. The cholesterol oxidase pathway generated pyruvate which entered the GABA shunt pathway. This resulted in synthesis of succinate and glycine which are substrates for ALA synthase. Glycine and succinyl CoA are the substrates for ALA synthesis. Porphyrin and ALA inhibits sodium potassium ATPase. This increases cholesterol synthesis by acting upon intracellular SREBP. The cholesterol is metabolized to pyruvate and then the GABA shunt pathway for ultimate use in porphyrin synthesis. The porphyrins can self organize and self replicate into macromolecular arrays. The porphyrin arrays behave like an autonomous organism and can have intramolecular electron transport generating ATP. The porphyrin macroarrays can store information and can have quantal perception. The porphyrin macroarrays serves the purpose of archaeal energetics and sensory perception. Protoporphyrine binds to the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor regulating steroid and digoxin synthesis. Increased porphyrin metabolites can contribute to hyperdigoxinemia. Digoxin can modulate the neuro-immuno-endocrine system. The global warming results in increased growth of actinidic archaea and neanderthalisation of the homo sapien species. The actinidic archaea secreted viroids can generate ribonucleoproteins by binding to proteins with prion like domains. This generates amyloidogenesis and systemic diseases like neurodegenerations, cancer, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune disease and neuropsychiatric diseases. The widespread incidence of these systemic diseases leads to extinction of the neanderthalised species. 81
References 1.
Weaver TD, Hublin JJ. Neandertal Birth Canal Shape and the Evolution of Human Childbirth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009; 106:8151–8156.
2.
Kurup RA, Kurup PA. Endosymbiotic Actinidic Archaeal Mediated Warburg Phenotype Mediates Human Disease State. Advances in Natural Science 2012; 5(1):8184.
3.
Morgan E. The Neanderthal theory of autism, Asperger and ADHD; 2007, www.rdos.net/eng/asperger.htm.
4.
Graves P. New Models and Metaphors for the Neanderthal Debate. Current Anthropology 1991; 32(5): 513-541.
5.
Sawyer GJ, Maley B. Neanderthal Reconstructed. The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist 2005; 283B(1):23-31.
6.
Bastir M, O’Higgins P, Rosas A. Facial Ontogeny in Neanderthals and Modern Humans. Proc. Biol. Sci. 2007; 274:1125–1132.
7.
Neubauer S, Gunz P, Hublin JJ. Endocranial Shape Changes during Growth in Chimpanzees and Humans: A Morphometric Analysis of Unique and Shared Aspects. J. Hum. Evol. 2010; 59:555–566.
8.
Courchesne E, Pierce K. Brain Overgrowth in Autism during a Critical Time in Development: Implications for Frontal Pyramidal Neuron and Interneuron Development and Connectivity. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 2005; 23:153–170.
9.
Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, Maricic T, Stenzel U, Kircher M, Patterson N, Li H, Zhai W, et al. A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome. Science 2010; 328:710– 722.
10.
Mithen SJ. The Singing Neanderthals: The Origins of Music, Language, Mind and Body; 2005, ISBN 0-297-64317-7.
11.
Bruner E, Manzi G, Arsuaga JL. Encephalization and Allometric Trajectories in the Genus Homo: Evidence from the Neandertal and Modern Lineages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003; 100:15335–15340.
12. Gooch S. The Dream Culture of the Neanderthals: Guardians of the Ancient Wisdom. Inner Traditions, Wildwood House, London; 2006. 13. Gooch S. The Neanderthal Legacy: Reawakening Our Genetic and Cultural Origins. Inner Traditions, Wildwood House, London; 2008. 14.
Kurtén B. Den Svarta Tigern, ALBA Publishing, Stockholm, Sweden; 1978.
15.
Spikins P. Autism, the Integrations of ‘Difference’ and the Origins of Modern Human Behaviour. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2009; 19(2):179-201.
16.
Eswaran V, Harpending H, Rogers AR. Genomics Refutes an Exclusively African Origin of Humans. Journal of Human Evolution 2005; 49(1):1-18
82
CHAPTER 6 A NEW HUMAN SPECIES - CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL WARMING AND NEONEANDERTHALS - THE AGE OF HOMO NEONEANDERTHALIS
Introduction Actinidic archaea has been related to global warming and human diseases especially autoimmune disease, neurodegeneration, neuropsychiatric disorder, neoplasm and metabolic syndrome x. The growth of endosymbiotic actinidic archaea in relation to climate change and global warming leads to neanderthalisation of the human mind-body system. Neanderthal anthropometry and metabolonomics has been described in autoimmune disease, neurodegeneration, neuropsychiatric disorder, neoplasm and metabolic syndrome x especially the Warburg phenotype and hyperdigoxinemia. Digoxin produced by archaeal cholesterol catabolism produces Neanderthalisation. Prefrontal cortical atrophy and cerebellar hyperplasia has been related to autoimmune disease, neurodegeneration, neuropsychiatric disorder, neoplasm and metabolic syndrome x in this communication. This leads on to dysautonomia with sympathetic hyperactivity and parasympathetic neuropathy in these disorders. Actinidic archaeal related cerebellar dominance leads to changes in brain function.1-16 The data is described in this paper.
Materials and Methods Fifteen cases, each of autoimmune disease, neurodegeneration, neuropsychiatric disorder, neoplasm, metabolic syndrome x and internet addicts were selected for the study. Each case had an age and sex matched control. Neanderthal anthropometric and phenotypic measurements which included protruding supra-orbital ridges, dolichocephalic skull, small mandible, prominent mid face and nose, short upper and lower limbs, prominent trunk, low index finger-ring finger ratio and fair complexion were evaluated in the cases study. Autonomic function tests were done to assess the sympathetic and parasympathetic system in each case. CT scan of the head was done to have a volumetric assessment of the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Blood cytochrome F420 activity was assessed by spectrophotometric measurement.
Results All the case groups studied had higher percentage of Neanderthal anthropometric and phenotypic measurements. There was low index finger-ring finger ratio suggestive of high 83
testosterone levels in all the patient population studied. In all the case groups studied, there also was prefrontal cortex atrophy and cerebellar hyperplasia. Similarly in the all the case groups studied, there was dysautonomia with sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic neuropathy. Cytochrome F420 was detected in the entire case group studied showing endosymbiotic archaeal overgrowth. Table 1. Neanderthal phenotype and systemic disease Disease
Cyt F420
Neanderthal phenotype
Low index finger-ring finger ratio 65%
Schizophrenia
69%
75%
Autism
80%
75%
72%
Alzheimer’s disease
89%
65%
75%
Parkinson’s disease
70%
71%
80%
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
72%
60%
69%
Multiple myeloma Diabetes mellitus with stroke and CAD SLE/Lupus
70%
68%
74%
65%
72%
72%
75%
85%
74%
Multiple sclerosis
80%
75%
75%
Internet users
65%
72%
69%
Table 2. Neanderthal phenotype and brain dysfunction Disease
Dysautonomia
Prefrontal cortex atrophy 60%
Cerebellar hypertrophy 70%
Schizophrenia
65%
Autism
72%
69%
72%
Alzheimer’s disease
60%
72%
60%
Parkinson’s disease Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Multiple myeloma Diabetes mellitus with stroke and CAD SLE/Lupus
62%
71%
68%
79%
65%
75%
69%
72%
80%
64%
84%
69%
75%
73%
72%
Multiple sclerosis
69%
74%
76%
Internet users
74%
84%
82%
Discussion Global warming, neanderthalisation and mind-body system Neanderthal metabolonomics contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders. There were Neanderthal phenotypic features in all the case groups studied as well as low index 84
finger-ring finger ratios suggestive of increased testosterone levels. Neanderthalisation of the mind-body system occurs due to increased growth of actinidic archaea as a consequence of global warming. Neanderthalisation of the mind leads to cerebellar dominance and prefrontal cortex atrophy. This leads to dysautonomia with parasympathetic neuropathy and sympathetic hyperactivity. Global warming and the ice age produces increased growth of extremophiles. This leads to increased growth of actinidic archaeal endosymbiosis in humans. There is archaeal proliferation in the gut which enters the cerebellum and brain stem by reverse axonal transport via the vagus. The cerebellum and brain stem can be considered as an archaeal colony. The archaea are cholesterol catabolising and use cholesterol as a carbon and energy source. The actinidic archaea activates the toll receptor HIF alpha inducing the Warburg phenotype resulting in increased glycolysis with generation of glycine as well as pyruvate dehydrogenase suppression. The accumulated pyruvate enters the GABA shunt generating of succinyl CoA and glycine. The archaeal catabolism of cholesterol produces ring oxidation and generation of pyruvate which also enters the GABA shunt scheme producing glycine and succinyl CoA. This leads to increased synthesis of porphyrins. In the setting of digoxin induced sodium potassium ATPase inhibition the dipolar porphyrins produce a pumped phonon system resulting in the Frohlich model Bose-Einstein condensate and quantal perception of low level EMF. Low level EMF pollution is common with internet usage. Perception of low level of EMF leads to neanderthalisation of the brain with prefrontal cortex atrophy and cerebellar hyperplasia. The archaea which reaches the cerebellum from the gut via the vagus nerve proliferates and makes the cerebellum dominant with resultant suppression and atrophy of the prefrontal cortex. This leads to wide spread autistic and schizophrenic traits in population. The actinidic archaea induces the Warburg phenotype with increased glycolysis, PDH inhibition and mitochondrial suppression. This produces neanderthalisation of the mind-body system. The actinidic archaea secretes RNA viroids which block HERV expression by RNA interference. The HERV suppression contributes to the inhibition of prefrontal cortex development in Neanderthals and cerebellar dominance. Archaeal digoxin produces sodium potassium ATPase inhibition and magnesium depletion causing reverse transcriptase inhibition and decreased generation of HERV. The HERV contributes to the dynamicity of the genome and are required for the development of the prefrontal cortex. The HERV suppression contributes to retroviral resistance in Neanderthals. The actinidic archaea catabolizes cholesterol leading to cholesterol depleted state. Cholesterol 85
depletion also leads to poor synaptic connectivity and decreased development of prefrontal cortex. This is not genetic change but a form of symbiotic change with endosymbiotic actinidic archaeal growth in the body and brain.
Endosymbiotic archaea, internet use and brain function- neanderthalisation Internet use and low level EMF pollution is common in this century. This results in increased low level EMF perception by the brain by the digoxin-porphyrin mediated pumped phonon system created Bose-Einstein condensates contributing to prefrontal cortex atrophy and cerebellar dominance. Cerebellar dominance leads to schizophrenia and autism. There is an epidemic of autism and schizophrenia in the present day community. The porphyrin mediated extrasensory perception can contribute to communication among Neanderthals. Neanderthals did not have a language and used extrasensory perception as a form of group communication. Because of dominant extrasensory quantal perception, the Neanderthals did not have individual identity but only group identity. Cerebellar dominance results in creativity consequent to quantal perception and group perception. The neanderthalic traits contribute to innovation and creativity. Cerebellar dominance results in development of a symbolic language. The Neanderthals used dance and music as a form of communication. Painting as a form of communication was also common in Neanderthals. Neanderthal behaviour was robotic. Robotic behaviour is characteristic of cerebellar dominance. Robotic, symbolic and ritualistic behaviour is common with cerebellar dominance and is seen in autistic traits. The cerebellar dominance in Neanderthals leads to intuitive intelligence and a hypnotic quality to communication. The increased extrasensory quantal perception leads to more communion with nature and a form of eco-spirituality. The increasing use of dance and music as a form of communication and eco-spirituality is common in the modern century along with increased incidence of autism. The cholesterol depletion leads to bile acid deficiency and generation of small social groups in Neanderthals. Bile acid binds to olfactory receptors and contributes to group identity. This can also contributes to the generation of autistic features in Neanderthals.
Global warming, neanderthalisation and social behaviour The Neanderthal population was predominantly autistic and schizophrenic. The modern population is a hybrid of homo sapiens and homo neanderthalis. This contributes to 10 to 20% dominant hybrids who tend to have schizophrenic and autistic qualities and contributes to creativity of civilization. The Neanderthals tend to be innovative and chaotic. 86
They tend to be creative in art, literature, dance, spirituality and science. Eighty per cent of less dominant hybrids are stable and contribute to a stabilizing influence leading to growth of civilization. The homo sapiens were stable and non-creative over a long period of their existence. There was a burst of creativity with generation of music, dance, painting, ornaments, the creation of concept of God and compassionate group behaviour around 10,000 years ago in the homo sapiens community. This correlated with the generation of Neanderthal hybrids when the Eurasian Neanderthal male mated with homo sapiens African females. The extrasensory/quantal perception due to dipolar porphyrins and digoxin induced sodium potassium ATPase inhibition and the generated pumped phonon system mediated quantal perception leads to the globalisation phenomena and feeling of the world being a global village. The archaeal cholesterol catabolism leads to increased synthesis of digoxin. Digoxin promotes tryptophan transport over tyrosine. Tyrosine deficiency leads to dopamine deficiency and morphine deficiency. This leads to a morphine deficiency syndrome in Neanderthals. This contributes to addiction traits and creativity. The increased tryptophan levels produce increased alkaloids like LSD contributing to ecstasy and spirituality of Neanderthal population. Addictive, ADHD and autistic features are related to the morphine deficiency state. The ketogenic diet consumed by the meat eating Neanderthals leads on to increased generation of hydroxy butyric acid which produces ecstasy and a dissociative type of anaesthesia contributing to the Neanderthal psychology. The dopamine deficiency leads to decreased melanin synthesis and fairness of the population. This was responsible for the fair colour of the Neanderthals.
Global warming, neanderthalisation and Warburg phenotype The Neanderthals were essentially meat eaters taking a ketogenic diet. The acetoacetic acid is converted to acetyl CoA which enters the TCA cycle. When the Neanderthal hybrids consume a glucogenic diet owing to the spread of settled civilization it produces pyruvate accumulation owing to PDH suppression in Neanderthals. The increased archaeal growth activates the toll receptor and induces HIF alpha resulting in increased glycolysis, PDH suppression and mitochondrial dysfunction- the Warburg phenotype. The pyruvate enters the GABA shunt pathway producing glutamate, ammonia and porphyrins resulting in neuropathology of autism and schizophrenia. Neanderthals consuming a ketogenic diet produces more of GABA an inhibitory neurotransmitter resulting in the docile quiet nature of the Neanderthals. There is less production of glutamate the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter of the prefrontal cortex and consciousness pathways. This leads onto 87
dominance of cerebellar function. The Neanderthal hybrids have cerebellar dominance and less of conscious behaviour. Cerebellum is responsible for intuitive, unconscious behaviour as well as creativity and spirituality. The cerebellum is the site of extrasensory perception, magical acts and hypnosis. The predominant homo sapiens had prefrontal cortex dominance over the cerebellum resulting in more of conscious behaviour. The Neanderthals consuming a glucogenic diet produces increased glycolysis in the setting of PDH inhibition. This produces the Warburg phenotype. There is increased lymphocytic glycolysis producing autoimmune diseases and immune activation. The increased levels of GAPD result in nuclear cell death and neurodegeneration. The predominance of glycolysis and suppression of mitochondrial function results in glycemia and metabolic syndrome x. The increased mitochondrial PT pore hexokinase leads to cell proliferation and oncogenesis. The glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to glycine resulting in NMDA excitotoxicity contributing to schizophrenia and autism. Cerebellar dominance is reported in schizophrenia and autism.
Neanderthalisation and autonomic dysfunction The cerebellar hyperplasia results in sympathetic hyperactivity and parasympathetic neuropathy. This contributes to cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Vagal neuropathy results in immune activation and autoimmune disease. Vagal neuropathy and sympathetic overactivity can contribute to glycogenolysis and lipolysis resulting in metabolic syndrome x. Cerebellar dominance and cerebellar cognitive affective dysfunction can contribute to schizophrenia and autism. The increased porphyrin synthesis resulting from succinyl CoA generated by GABA shunt and glycine generated by glycolysis contributes to increased extrasensory perception important in schizophrenia and autism. Sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic neuropathy can contribute to neurodegeneration.
Digoxin- the Neanderthal hormone The archaeal cholesterol catabolism generates digoxin which produces sodium potassium ATPase inhibition and increase in intracellular calcium and decrease in intracellular magnesium. The increase in intracellular calcium produces oncogene activation and NFKB activation resulting in malignancies and autoimmune diseases. The increase in intracellular calcium opens the mitochondrial PT pore resulting in cell death and neurodegeneration. The increase in intracellular calcium can modulate the neurotransmitter 88
release from presynaptic vesicles. This can modulate neurotransmission. Digoxin induced magnesium depletion can remove the magnesium block on the NMDA receptor resulting in NMDA excitotoxicity. Digoxin can modulate the glutamatergic thalamo-cortico-thalamic pathway and consciousness resulting in schizophrenia and autism. Digoxin induced magnesium depletion can inhibit reverse transcriptase activity and HERV generation modulating the dynamicity of the genome. Digoxin induced intracellular calcium accumulation and magnesium depletion can modulate G-protein and protein tyrosine kinase dependent neurotransmitter and endocrine receptors. This can produce digoxin induced neuro-immuno-endocrine integration. Digoxin functions as a Neanderthal master hormone.
Neanderthalisation and androgyny The actinidic archaea are cholesterol catabolising and leads to low levels of testosterone and estrogen. This leads on to asexual features and low reproductive rates of the Neanderthal population. The Neanderthals consume a low fibre diet with low lignan content. The actinidic archaea has cholesterol catabolising enzymes generating more of testosterone than estrogens. This contributes to estrogen deficiency and testosterone overactivity. The Neanderthal population is hypermales with concomitant right hemispheric dominance and cerebellar dominance. Testosterone suppresses left hemispheric function. The high testosterone levels in Neanderthals contribute to a bigger brain. The Neanderthals males as well as females had a higher level of testosterone contributing to gender equality and gender neutral states. There was group identity and group motherhood with no differences between roles of both males and females. This also resulted in matrilinearity. The higher testosterone levels in males as well as females led to alternate type of sexuality and aberrant behaviour. The homo sapiens eat a high fibre diet with low cholesterol and high lignan content contributing to estrogen dominance, left hemispheric dominance and cerebellar hypoplasia. Homo sapiens had higher reproductive rates and overtook the Neanderthal population resulting in its extinction. The homo sapien population was conservative with normal sexual mores, family values and patriarchial type of behaviour. The role of females the homo sapien community was inferior to males. The increasing generation of Neanderthal hybrids due to climate change mediated archaeal overgrowth leads to gender equality and equidominance of male and female in this century.
89
Endosymbiotic archaea and cholesterol catabolism The cholesterol catabolism results in cholesterol depletion and bile acid deficiency. Bile acids bind to VDR and are immunomodulatory. Bile acid deficiency leads to immune activation and autoimmune disease. Bile acids bind to FXR, LXR and PXR modulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. This leads to metabolic syndrome x in the presence of bile acid deficiency. Bile acid uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and its deficiency leads to obesity of metabolic syndrome x. Bile acids bind to olfactory receptors and are important in group identity. Bile acid deficiency leads to formation of small social groups in Neanderthals and genesis of autism. Cholesterol depletion also leads to vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D binds to VDR and produces immunomodulation. Vitamin D deficiency leads to immune activation and autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D deficiency can also produce rickets and contribute to the phenotypic features of Neanderthals. Vitamin D deficiency can contribute to brain development resulting in macrocephaly. Vitamin D deficiency contributes to insulin resistance and truncal obesity of Neanderthals. Vitamin D deficiency contributes to the fairness of the Neanderthal skin as a phenotypic adaptation. The Neanderthal phenotypic features are due to vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance. Thus global warming and increased endosymbiotic actinidic archaeal growth leads to cholesterol catabolism and generation of the Warburg phenotype resulting in increased porphyrin synthesis, extrasensory low EMF perception, prefrontal cortex atrophy, insulin resistance and cerebellar dominance. This leads on to neanderthalisation of the body and brain.
References 1.
Weaver TD, Hublin JJ. Neandertal Birth Canal Shape and the Evolution of Human Childbirth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009; 106:8151–8156.
2.
Kurup RA, Kurup PA. Endosymbiotic Actinidic Archaeal Mediated Warburg Phenotype Mediates Human Disease State. Advances in Natural Science 2012; 5(1):8184.
3.
Morgan E. The Neanderthal theory of autism, Asperger and ADHD; 2007, www.rdos.net/eng/asperger.htm.
4.
Graves P. New Models and Metaphors for the Neanderthal Debate. Current Anthropology 1991; 32(5): 513-541.
5.
Sawyer GJ, Maley B. Neanderthal Reconstructed. The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist 2005; 283B(1):23-31.
6.
Bastir M, O’Higgins P, Rosas A. Facial Ontogeny in Neanderthals and Modern Humans. Proc. Biol. Sci. 2007; 274:1125–1132. 90
7.
Neubauer S, Gunz P, Hublin JJ. Endocranial Shape Changes during Growth in Chimpanzees and Humans: A Morphometric Analysis of Unique and Shared Aspects. J. Hum. Evol. 2010; 59:555–566.
8.
Courchesne E, Pierce K. Brain Overgrowth in Autism during a Critical Time in Development: Implications for Frontal Pyramidal Neuron and Interneuron Development and Connectivity. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 2005; 23:153–170.
9.
Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, Maricic T, Stenzel U, Kircher M, Patterson N, Li H, Zhai W, et al. A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome. Science 2010; 328:710– 722.
10.
Mithen SJ. The Singing Neanderthals: The Origins of Music, Language, Mind and Body; 2005, ISBN 0-297-64317-7.
11.
Bruner E, Manzi G, Arsuaga JL. Encephalization and Allometric Trajectories in the Genus Homo: Evidence from the Neandertal and Modern Lineages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003; 100:15335–15340.
12. Gooch S. The Dream Culture of the Neanderthals: Guardians of the Ancient Wisdom. Inner Traditions, Wildwood House, London; 2006. 13. Gooch S. The Neanderthal Legacy: Reawakening Our Genetic and Cultural Origins. Inner Traditions, Wildwood House, London; 2008. 14.
Kurtén B. Den Svarta Tigern, ALBA Publishing, Stockholm, Sweden; 1978.
15.
Spikins P. Autism, the Integrations of ‘Difference’ and the Origins of Modern Human Behaviour. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2009; 19(2):179-201.
16.
Eswaran V, Harpending H, Rogers AR. Genomics Refutes an Exclusively African Origin of Humans. Journal of Human Evolution 2005; 49(1):1-18.
91
CHAPTER 7 CLIMATE CHANGE, SPECIES CHANGE AND CONFLICT - THE MODERN NEANDERTHAL CIVILIZATION AND THE CRO-MAGNON NEANDERTHAL CONFLICT- EVIDENCE FROM HUMAN BIOLOGY
Introduction The extremes of climate change produce endosymbiotic archaeal growth. The archaea are cholesterol catabolizing organism. This results in neanderthalisation of the human species. This occurred during the ice age and is possibly a continuing phenomenon during the periods of global warming. The homo neanderthalis are matrilineal and the residual matrilineal societies of the Dravidians, Semites, Basques, Celts and Berbers are neanderthalic. The global warming produces endosymbiotic archaeal growth and neanderthalisation. This produces brain changes with the cerebral cortex becoming dysfunctional and cerebellum becoming dominant. This is due to increased perception of low level EMF by archaeal magnetite. This produces changes in human society, behaviour and disease patterns.1-17 There is a high incidence of autism and Neanderthal anthropometric phenotypes in the Nair community of Kerala. The Nair community is matrilineal and is one of the few functional matriarchies in the world and speaks the Dravidian language with similarities to Celtic, Scythian, Berber and Basque societies. The autistic brain is comparable to the large sized Neanderthal brain. Autistic and matrilineal societies like Nair can be considered as fossilized remnants of the Neanderthal population. Endosymbiotic actinidic archaea using cholesterol as an energy substrate has been described in systemic disease from our laboratory. The autistic and Nair population were studied for actinide dependent cytochrome F420 activity suggestive of endosymbiotic archaeal growth.1-17 This hypothesis was studied by evaluating the endosymbiotic archaeal growth in populations derived from matrilineal societies.
Materials and Methods Three groups, 25 numbers in each group were chosen for the study- the autistic population diagnosed according to DSM criteria, the normal Nair population and the normal non-Nair population. The matrilineal characteristics and Neanderthal anthropometric characteristics of normal Nair and non-Nair population as well as autistic population were 92
studied. The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state before treatment was initiated. The estimations done in the blood samples collected include cytochrome F420 activity, Cytochrome F420 was estimated flourimetrically (excitation wavelength 420 nm and emission wavelength 520 nm). The statistical analysis was done by ANOVA.
Results The results of the study were as follows. The Nair and autistic and civilizational disease group had increased cytochrome F420 activity. Table 1. Incidence of autism in Nair, autistic and non-Nair population Groups
Autism
Percentage
Nair
68 cases
68
Non-Nair
32 cases
32
Total
100
Table 2. Anthropometric features in Nair, autistic and non-Nair population Neanderthal anthropometric
Total
Percentage
Nair
72 cases
100
72
Non-Nair
21 cases
100
21
Autism
81 cases
100
81
Groups
Table 3. Neanderthal metabolonomics Nair
NonNair
Autism
Mean
4.00
0.00
4.00
+ SD
0.00
0.00
0.00
Cytochrome F 420
F value P value 0.001
< 0.001
Discussion Fossilised Neanderthal clusters Neanderthalisation is a symbiotic event due to archaeal symbiosis. The Neanderthals had increased symbiotic actinidic archaeal growth. This occurs in extremes of climate like ice age and global warming. The homo neanderthalis evolved from the bonobo primates consequent to this symbiosis. There is increased neanderthalisation of homo sapiens during 93
global warming consequent to increased actinidic archaeal growth. The homo neanderthalis never became extinct but survives as matrilineal societies in the lower Eurasian region. The initial matrilineal neanderthalic civilizations were the Harappan, Sumerian- Akkadian, Assyrian, Etruscan, Minoan, Celtic, Basque, Semitic, Jewish, Arabic, Australian aboriginal civilization. The civilizations are all matrilineal. The initial neanderthalic civilization survives as the lower caste Sudras of India, Dravidians, Australian aboriginals, the Persians, the Semitic Arabs, the Semitic Jews, the Berbers, the Basque, Greeks, Celts and native Americans. The people inhabiting these civilizations are religious, intuitive, feminine, childlike, dreamy, somnolent, communal conscious, primitive socialistic, more sexual groups. The body habitus of these populations are shorter, sloping forehead, recessive chin and more fairer in colour. This is opposed to the Cro-Magnon population in the northern part of Eurasia and Africa. These populations are scientific, logical minded, patriarchal, more adult-like, more wakeful, fascist and less sexual. The neanderthalic populations inhabit the Indian ocean rim in southern Asia, west Asia as well as in the peri-Mediterranean region. The Neanderthals originated initially from the mythical Lemurian supercontinent in the Indian ocean. The earthquakes and tsunamis in the Indian ocean led to the breakage of the supercontinent and migration of Neanderthals to Harappa, Sumeria, Egypt and Basque. The Harappan civilization was predominantly neanderthalic. They are the Asuras described in the Rig veda. Most of the descriptions in the Rig veda pertain to the Asuras with the Rig vedic Gods being predominantly asuric. Sanskrit was possibly the Harappan language. The Devas described in the Rig veda were the Cro-Magnon Aryan invaders. The Rig veda describes continuing conflict between the asuras and the devas. Finally the Neanderthalic Harappan Asuras were subdued and conquered. The Cro-Magnonic Aryans who conquered Harappa became the upper caste Hindu elite and the Harappans Asuras became the lower caste Sudras. The CroMagnon Aryans took over the asuric Gods, Vedas and language and made it their own. The Harappan civilization of the asuras was extremely advanced and the Cro-Magnon Aryans were a primitive nomadic tribe. The Cro-Magnon originated in Africa and migrated to Eurasia. The Cro-Magnon population subdued the neanderthalic population and tried to exterminate them. There was also interbreeding and intermixing between the Cro-Magnon and neanderthalic population. The modern neanderthalic societies are in the peri-Indian ocean area of India, Iran and Semitic Arabs. They also inhabit the peri-Mediterranean area as Semitic Jews, Berbers, Basque and Celts. The predominant African and north European population is Cro-Magnon. 94
Neanderthal Cro-Magnon conflict- a continuing event There is an eternal conflict between Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon. The Cro-Magnon tried to exterminate the Neanderthals but they survived as the Jews, Arabs, the lower caste Indians, aboriginals and native Americans. These are the people which the Cro-Magnon excluded from society. The underclass of Indian and European civilization was neanderthalic. With the advent of global warming an increasing archaeal symbiosis the neanderthalic population becomes activated and they try to exterminate the Cro-Magnon. The symbiotic archaea generates new viruses which infects the non immune Cro-Magnon and tries to exterminate them. The hot spots of global conflict and terrorism can be localized to neanderthalic areas. The Neanderthals dominate three world religions- Jews, Muslims and Hindus. The Cro-Magnon are predominantly the Africans and the Europeans. They follow the Christian religion. World conflicts are basically between the neanderthalic races and the CroMagnon races. This is exemplified by the Jewish leadership of the Russian and French revolutions with its idea of liberty, equality and fraternity. The neanderthalic ideas basically tried to create an equal society. The Buddhist movement and religion among the religious lower caste of India can be thought of as a neanderthalic uprising against the Aryan CroMagnon domination. The present rumblings in the Muslim Semitic world manifesting as global terrorism is a reflection of the neanderthalic Cro-Magnon conflict. The conflict is basically between the Cro-Magnon ideas of colonization, capitalism, free market globalization, rightist, fascist, nazi ideas and the neanderthalic ideas of equality, democracy, freedom and socialism. The Cro-Magnic civilization produces increased greenhouse gases leading to increased endosymbiotic archaeal growth. Endosymbiotic archaeal growth is the basis of neanderthalisation. Neanderthalisation is a symbiotic event and not a genetic change. This results in expansion of the existing neanderthalic societies- the Semites, the Dravidians and southern Europeans and extinction of the Cro-Magnon Aryan phenotype. The present neanderthalic areas include south Europe, India, Iran, the Arab peninsula, the Jewish homeland and the Australian aboriginals. The Cro-Magnon areas include Europe and Africa.
The Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon brain- Neoneanderthalisation The Neanderthals were cerebellar dominant. The cerebellum is concerned with intuition and extrasensory perceptive phenomena. The Neanderthals were retroviral resistant. The archaea metabolizes cholesterol and generates digoxin which produces membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition and intracellular magnesium deficiency. Magnesium deficiency produces reverse transcriptase inhibition. Digoxin itself modulates RNA editing. 95
The retroviral resistance leads to a deficiency of endogenous retroviral sequences. The endogenous retroviral sequences function as jumping genes required for the dynamicity of synaptic connectivity. Dynamic synaptic connectivity is required for cortical function. The cerebral cortex is dysfunctional in Neanderthals leading to cerebellar dominance. The Neanderthals inhabit a cerebellar world. The neanderthalic population is psychedelic, spiritual, dreamy, more feminine, intuitive, equal and female dominant. They had a communal life. They were hyper sexual and promiscuous. They can be compared to bonobo monkeys. They were matriarchal and female dominant. They are child-like have dreamy sleep, somnolent, altruistic and docile. The neanderthalic population believed in communal living and was of hyper sexual behaviour. The unconscious mind was dominant in Neanderthals. They had precognition and postcognition. They had telepathy and clairvoyance. They could have mediumistic possession and could go into hypnotic regression. They had poltergeist phenomena, group personality, multiple personality, split personality alien abduction phenomena, memory of past life, incubus and succubus. They had a magical civilization of dreams. They were subjective, personal, emotional, irrational and dreamy. They preferred the dark and nights. They had more of autism and schizophrenia. They had more of attention deficit hyperactivity and addiction. They were magical, had dominant art and religion were sexual and believed in things without proof. The belief was intuitive. They had shamanistic and magical consciousness. The Neanderthals were left handed and right hemisphere/cerebellar dominant. They were creatures of the senses and created a spiritual dreamy civilization. They were children of the dark. The self old brain of vampires, troglodytes, demons and the occult belongs to the Neanderthals. The cerebellar dominance and hypertrophy leads to cerebellar dysfunction and ataxia of speech as well as motor movements. Ataxic speech leads to the evolution of music. Ataxia of motor movements leads to abstract art. Thus the Neanderthal brain with its extrasensory perception is extremely artistic. Digoxin and dipolar magnetite in the setting of membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition produces a pumped phonon system modulating quantal perception. Quantal perceptive phenomena are dominant in Neanderthals. This leads to increased extrasensory perception. This also produces a feeling of oneness and equality called the collective unconscious. This produces the socialistic equal Neanderthal society. The Neanderthals were also more spiritual and unconscious dominant. The cortical dysfunction leads to loss of hemispheric differentiation and sexual differentiation. Right hemisphere is predominantly masculine and the left hemisphere feminine. This results in asexual behaviours and cerebellar dominance leads to hypersexuality. The Cro-Magnon population believed in pair bonding and 96
family patterns. They were more violent and aggressive. They were patriarchal and male dominant. They were adult-like and logical. They had rightist and fascist tendencies. They were conservative in their sexual practices. They were conscious, egoistic, wakeful, male dominant, favoured the light, objective, impersonal and cruel. The conscious logical brain dominated. They depended upon proofs, logic were detached, asexual and male dominant. The Cro-Magnon were predominantly left hemisphere dominant and right handed practical people. They created a material civilization. They had a rational consciousness. They were children of the light. The global warming produces endosymbiotic archaeal growth and neanderthalisation of homo sapiens. All these produce a dualistic consciousness. The left wing versus right wing and the conservative versus liberal. It produces a double self and divided self. It results in a Caine and Abel as well as Jekyll and Hyde personality. The Neanderthals had sloping forehead, small jaw, occipital bun and large cranium. They were shorter in height and the body weight was bigger. The brain size of Neanderthals was larger. The second toe of the feet was bigger than the big toe. They had the simian crease. The homo sapiens had a smaller brain and smaller cranium. They were taller.1-17
References 1.
Weaver TD, Hublin JJ. Neandertal Birth Canal Shape and the Evolution of Human Childbirth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009; 106:8151–8156.
2.
Kurup RA, Kurup PA. Endosymbiotic Actinidic Archaeal Mediated Warburg Phenotype Mediates Human Disease State. Advances in Natural Science 2012; 5(1):8184.
3.
Morgan E. The Neanderthal theory of autism, Asperger and ADHD; 2007, www.rdos.net/eng/asperger.htm.
4.
Graves P. New Models and Metaphors for the Neanderthal Debate. Current Anthropology 1991; 32(5): 513-541.
5.
Sawyer GJ, Maley B. Neanderthal Reconstructed. The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist 2005; 283B(1):23-31.
6.
Bastir M, O’Higgins P, Rosas A. Facial Ontogeny in Neanderthals and Modern Humans. Proc. Biol. Sci. 2007; 274:1125–1132.
7.
Neubauer S, Gunz P, Hublin JJ. Endocranial Shape Changes during Growth in Chimpanzees and Humans: A Morphometric Analysis of Unique and Shared Aspects. J. Hum. Evol. 2010; 59:555–566.
8.
Courchesne E, Pierce K. Brain Overgrowth in Autism during a Critical Time in Development: Implications for Frontal Pyramidal Neuron and Interneuron Development and Connectivity. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 2005; 23:153–170. 97
9.
Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, Maricic T, Stenzel U, Kircher M, Patterson N, Li H, Zhai W, et al. A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome. Science 2010; 328:710– 722.
10.
Mithen SJ. The Singing Neanderthals: The Origins of Music, Language, Mind and Body; 2005, ISBN 0-297-64317-7.
11.
Bruner E, Manzi G, Arsuaga JL. Encephalization and Allometric Trajectories in the Genus Homo: Evidence from the Neandertal and Modern Lineages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003; 100:15335–15340.
12. Gooch S. The Dream Culture of the Neanderthals: Guardians of the Ancient Wisdom. Inner Traditions, Wildwood House, London; 2006. 13. Gooch S. The Neanderthal Legacy: Reawakening Our Genetic and Cultural Origins. Inner Traditions, Wildwood House, London; 2008. 14.
Kurtén B. Den Svarta Tigern, ALBA Publishing, Stockholm, Sweden; 1978.
15.
Spikins P. Autism, the Integrations of ‘Difference’ and the Origins of Modern Human Behaviour. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2009; 19(2):179-201.
16.
Eswaran V, Harpending H, Rogers AR. Genomics Refutes an Exclusively African Origin of Humans. Journal of Human Evolution 2005; 49(1):1-18.
17. Ramachandran V.S. The Reith lectures, BBC London. 2012.
98
CHAPTER 8 THE ORIGIN OF RETROVIRAL RESISTANCE AND EMERGING VIRAL PANDEMICS - THE CROSSING OF SPECIES BARRIER AND NEW VIRUSES HOMO SAPIENS AND HOMO NEANDERTHALIS EXTERMINATUS
Introduction Studies from our laboratory have shown that global warming and the low level EMF pollution results in increased endosymbiotic archaeal growth. The archaea can produce methanogenesis from hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as from acetate. The human body methanogenesis can result in more global warming. Methane has got a short term action but its global warming potential is 29 times that of carbon dioxide. Thus the human endosymbiotic archaeal overgrowth is the principal cause of global warming. Global warming is initially triggered by carbon dioxide and EMF pollution produced by homo sapien industrialization. It is carried forward by human endosymbiotic archaeal overgrowth and methanogenesis. The archaea can induce stem cell conversion and neanderthalisation of the human species. The archaea catabolizes cholesterol generating digoxin which can modulate RNA editing and magnesium deficiency resulting in reverse transcriptase inhibition. The archaeal cholesterol catabolism can deplete the membrane rafts of the CD4 cell of cholesterol impeding the entry of the retrovirus into the cell. The archaea can produce permanent immune activation producing resistance to viral and bacterial infection. The archaeal cholesterol catabolism depletes tissue cholesterol producing vitamin D deficiency and immune activation. Thus archaeal overgrowth results in retroviral resistance and generation of the Neanderthal phenotype. The endosymbiotic archaea can secrete virus like RNA and DNA particles. The endosymbiotic archaea can induce uncoupling proteins inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and generating ROS. The endosymbiotic archaeal magnetite can generate low level of EMF. The low level of EMF and ROS are genotoxic and produce breakages in hotspots of chromosome. It can also trigger rearrangements in hotspots of chromosome inhabited by retroviral and non-retroviral elements producing their expression. The archaeal secreted DNA and RNA viroids can recombine with the expressed retroviral, non-retroviral elements and other genomic segments of the human chromosome generating new RNA and DNA viruses. Thus the neanderthalised humans can serve as an origin for new RNA and DNA viruses as well as mutated retroviruses. The endosymbiotic archaea converts the Neanderthal cells to stem cells. The stem cells are resistant to immune attack. The stem cells can serve as a reservoir for this new RNA and DNA viruses. The stem 99
cells and archaeal cells can also serve as a reservoir for viruses and bacteria belonging to other plants and animals. This helps to generate the species barrier jump in noted in recent emerging viral and bacterial infections. Thus the endosymbiotic archaeal growth produces neanderthalised version of homo sapiens which are retroviral resistant and resistant to other viral and bacterial infection consequent to immune activation and digoxin induced RNA editing. The endosymbiotic archaeal overgrowth mediated neanderthalised version of homo sapiens generates new mutated RNA and DNA viruses as well as retroviruses at the same time being resistant to them as in the case of the species bat. The homo sapiens do not have the Neanderthal mechanisms of immune activation as their archaeal load is meagre. They serve as fodder for infection from Neanderthal generated viruses and bacteria and suffer eventual extinction. 1-17 This paper studied the archaeal status in patients with recurrent viral infections and retroviral infections. The generation of RNA and DNA viroids from archaea was also studied.
Materials and Methods Blood samples were drawn from normal population, Neanderthal phenotype, retroviral infection and recurrent viral infection. There were 10 patients in each group and each patient had an age and sex matched healthy control selected randomly from the general population. The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state before treatment was initiated. Plasma from fasting heparinised blood was used and the experimental protocol was as follows:- (I) Plasma+phosphate buffered saline, (II) same as I+cholesterol substrate, (III) same as II+cerium 0.1 mg/ml, and (IV) same as II+ciprofloxacine and doxycycline each in a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Cholesterol substrate was prepared as described by Richmond. Aliquots were withdrawn at zero time immediately after mixing and after incubation at 37oC for 1 hour. The following estimations were carried out:- Cytochrome F420, free RNA and free DNA. Cytochrome F420 was estimated flourimetrically (excitation wavelength 420 nm and emission wavelength 520 nm).
Results Plasma of Neanderthal phenotype showed increased levels of the above mentioned parameters with after incubation for 1 hour and addition of cholesterol substrate resulted in still further significant increase in these parameters. The plasma of retroviral patients and those with recurrent viral infections showed similar results but the extent of increase was insignificant. The addition of antibiotics to the control plasma caused a decrease in all the 100
parameters while addition of cerium increased their levels. The addition of antibiotics to the patient’s plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of cerium increased their levels but the extent of change was more in Neanderthal phenotype sera as compared to patients with retroviral infection and recurrent viral infection. The results are expressed in tables 1-2 as percentage change in the parameters after 1 hour incubation as compared to the values at zero time.
Table 1. Effect of cerium and antibiotics on cytochrome F420 CYT F420 % (Increase with Cerium) Mean + SD
Group Retroviral & frequent viral infection Neanderthal phenotype F value P value
CYT F420 % (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD
4.48
0.15
18.24
0.66
23.46
1.87
59.27
8.86
306.749 < 0.001
130.054 < 0.001
Table 2. Effect of cerium and antibiotics on free RNA and DNA
Group Retroviral & frequent viral infection Neanderthal phenotype F value P value
DNA % change (Increase with Cerium) Mean + SD
DNA % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD
RNA % change (Increase with Cerium) Mean + SD
RNA % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD
4.37
0.15
18.39
0.38
4.37
0.13
18.38
0.48
23.40
1.51
63.68
4.66
23.08
1.87
65.09
3.48
337.577 < 0.001
356.621 < 0.001
427.828 < 0.001
654.453 < 0.001
Discussion The archaeal symbiosis results in cholesterol catabolism and synthesis of digoxin. Digoxin has an APOBEC-like action producing RNA editing. This mutates the HIV virus inhibiting its replication. Digoxin is a membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibitor. It produces magnesium deficiency intracellularly. Magnesium can inhibit reverse transcriptase activity inhibiting HIV replication. Endosymbiotic archaea can induce porphyrin synthesis. Porphyrin can combine with HIV virus inactivating it. The endosymbiotic archaea produces cholesterol catabolism and uses cholesterol as an energy source. This results in modulation of membrane rafts of the CD4 receptor resulting in retroviral resistance. The archaeal 101
cholesterol catabolism produces cholesterol depletion and vitamin D deficiency. This produces immune activation. The endosymbiotic archaeal growth as such produces permanent immune activation resulting in resistance to viral infections. This has been demonstrated in bacteria like Mycobacterium leprae. The immune genes are always turned on inhibiting retroviral and other viral replication. The endosymbiotic archaeal growth results in turning in of uncoupling proteins transferring human somatic cells to the Warburg phenotype and stem cell type. Stem cells have the energetics obtained from glycolysis and not from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Stem cells are resistant to retroviral infection and other viral infection. Thus endosymbiotic archaeal growth can inhibit HIV replication and produce HIV resistance.1-17 Endosymbiotic archaeal growth produces neanderthalisation of the human species. The homo neanderthalis can serve as a reservoir for viral infections at the same time being resistant to it. The homo neanderthalis has the stem cell phenotype which can serve as a reservoir for bacterial and viral infection. This has been demonstrated in the case of mycobacterium tuberculosis which induces stem cell transformation and survives within the stem cell resisting immune onslaught. This protective mechanism is not available for the homo sapien species and they tend to succumb to viral infections arising from the homo neanderthalis reservoir.1-17 The homo neanderthalis has archaeal induced induction of uncoupling proteins producing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation inhibition and dominant glycolytic energetics. This results in conversion to a stem cell phenotype. The high metabolic rate results in a fever response which turns on the immune system resulting in permanent immune activation. The high temperatures also damage the cell producing a system of high efficiency DNA repair. This results in permanent resistance to viral infections consequent to continuous immune activation and high efficiency DNA repair. The increased archaeal growth in homo neanderthalis produces uncoupling proteins and stem cell conversion making it also resistant to viral infections. This produces a system of viral reservoir in homo neanderthalis like bats which serves as a reservoir for rabies virus, Ebola virus and SARS virus. The bats also have archaeal endosymbionts. Archaeal endosymbionts have been demonstrated in the bat guano pile.1-17 The archaeal magnetite produces increased level of low level EMF in the homo neanderthalis producing genomic instability. The human genome contains viral sequences 102
like the ebola virus, retro virus and the borna virus. Owing to the archaeal magnetite induced low level EMF mediated genomic instability the viral elements in the human genome gets expressed. The archaeal magnetite induced low level EMF as well as archaea itself produces permanent continuous immune activation results in protection against viral infections. Thus in the homo neanderthalis the viral elements in the genome functioning as genomic parasites gets expressed and the homo neanderthalis serves as a reservoir for viruses akin to bats which are also part of the primate kingdom. The archaea in the homo neanderthalis secretes DNA and RNA viroids which can self replicate on porphyrin templates. Virus-like particles and extracellular DNA are produced by the hyperthermophilic archaea- thermococcales. The RNA viroids can get converted to DNA by HERV reverse transcriptase and get integrated into the neanderthalic genome by integrase. The DNA viroids secreted by the archaea can also gets integrated into the human genome by integrase. Thus the archaeal RNA and DNA viroids which are of great diversity get integrated into the human genome by the action of integrase and HERV reverse transcriptase.1-17 The genomic instability of the neanderthalic genome consequent to low level EMF generated by archaeal magnetite as well as archaeal porphyrins intercalating with human DNA can result in expression of viral elements of the human genome. RNA polyribonucleotides from chromosome 22q11.2 ALU sequences have been demonstrated in the sera of patients with Gulf war syndrome and multiple myloma. The exposure to genotoxic substances and low level EMF results in activation of retrotransposon ALU elements leading to the unique RNA segments in the serum. The RNA polyribonucleotides have the proteolipid cover which resists digestion by enzymes. The SARS virus spike protein is expressed consequent to complex genetic rearrangement of segmental hotspots of chromosome 7 due to catastrophic environmental EMF exposure. Humans and animals exposed the nuclear or chemical weapons or continuous low level EMF radiation produces new regulatory gene expression which are then transcribed as non-viral RNA microvissicules covered by proteolipid membranes. Low level of EMF and genotoxic agents leads to gene rearrangement of ALU sequences with generation of RNA polyribonucleotides covered by proteiolipid vesicles. The SARS virus is supposed to be due to complex reshuffling of hotspots of chromosome 7.1-17 The archaea produces uncoupling of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of the somatic cells. The archaeal magnetite produces expression of low level of EMF. The 103
reactive oxygen species produced by uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and low EMF produced by archaeal magnetite are genotoxic and produces complex rearrangement of the Neanderthal genome, breakage of hotspots in the chromosome which are extremely fragile producing expression of RNA polyribonucleotides which can get converted to DNA polyribonucleotides by the enzyme HERV reverse transcriptase. The RNA and DNA polyribonucleotides packaged in proteolipid vesicles can mimic RNA and DNA viruses. The junk DNA of humans is constituted by HERV sequences and nonretroviral RNA viruses like Ebola and borna viruses. They are genomic parasites. The neanderthalic cell has increased production of ROS consequent to archaeal induced uncoupling. The archaeal magnetite induced EMF as well as archaea induced uncoupling generated ROS are genotoxic. The exposure to ROS and low level EMF can produce rearrangement of junk DNA producing new type of RNA viruses which can get expressed. The viral- retroviral and non-retroviral elements of the human genome as well as human genomic sequences per se which are expressed can recombine with the archaeal DNA and RNA viroids producing new mutated dangerous viruses both of the RNA and DNA type in the homo neanderthalis. The homo neanderthalis have uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation and more of ROS production. The ROS serves as messengers modulating viral replication. Thus there is genomic instability inducing expression of the viral elements in the neanderthalic genome, archaeal expression of DNA and RNA viroids, recombination of DNA and RNA archaeal viroids with neanderthalic genomic viral elements which are expressed and ROS induced multiplication of newly mutated virus.1-17 The homo neanderthalis themselves are resistant to these viruses and serve as a reservoir for them like their primate brother the bat. The homo sapiens have less endosymbiotic archaeal symbiosis and have no uncoupling protein induction resulting in maintenance of their mature somatic cells as such. The homo sapien cell has dominant mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation metabolism generating less of ROS. The homo sapiens are immunosuppressed. The homo sapiens are not permanently immune activated producing viral resistance. They don’t have the stem cell phenotype. They don’t have dominant archaeal mediated cholesterol catabolism modulating viral receptors. The homo sapiens don’t have digoxin synthesis inhibiting RNA editing and viral replication. The homo sapiens are sitting ducks for viral infections generated by homo neanderthalis which infects them and kills them. The homo neanderthalis which generated the viruses in the first place are resistant to the viral infections. The homo sapien species gets exterminated from the viral 104
infection generated from homo neanderthalis. The homo neanderthalis species uses viral infection as a mechanism to eliminate the homo sapiens and produce species dominance. This species is called as homo neanderthalis exterminates.1-17 The homo neanderthalis has archaea as endosymbionts. The archaea behaves like stem cells and can induce conversion of somatic cells to stem cells. The stem cells and archaeal cells can serve as reservoirs of other species virus and bacteria like plant and animal viruses and bacteria. The plant and animal viruses and bacteria can thrive in the somatic stem cells and archaeal cells as they escape immune detection. The Neanderthals tissue system can be compared to an archaeal/stem cell colony or network which serves as a reservoir for other animal and plant species bacteria and viruses as well as a generating centre for new RNA and DNA viruses. The RNA and DNA viruses are created by recombination between expressed genetically rearranged bits of the human chromosome and virus like DNA and RNA particles secreted by the archaea. This paves way for the generation of unlimited number of new RNA and DNA viruses as well as produce conditions for viruses and bacteria to cross the species barrier. This is evidenced by the SARS virus, the nipah virus and hendra virus crossing species. The algal virus has been reported to infect human brains producing cognitive dysfunction. The generation of new RNA and DNA viruses and the creation of a stem cell/archaeal reservoir for other species bacteria and viruses, the Neanderthal resistance to infections by viruses and bacteria and the Neanderthals serving as a reservoir for infection results in widespread pandemic in the homo sapien population in Africa and their eventual wipeout.1-17 References 1.
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Kurup RA, Kurup PA. Endosymbiotic Actinidic Archaeal Mediated Warburg Phenotype Mediates Human Disease State. Advances in Natural Science 2012; 5(1):8184.
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Morgan E. The Neanderthal theory of autism, Asperger and ADHD; 2007, www.rdos.net/eng/asperger.htm.
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Graves P. New Models and Metaphors for the Neanderthal Debate. Current Anthropology 1991; 32(5): 513-541.
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Sawyer GJ, Maley B. Neanderthal Reconstructed. The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist 2005; 283B(1):23-31.
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Bastir M, O’Higgins P, Rosas A. Facial Ontogeny in Neanderthals and Modern Humans. Proc. Biol. Sci. 2007; 274:1125–1132.
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Neubauer S, Gunz P, Hublin JJ. Endocranial Shape Changes during Growth in Chimpanzees and Humans: A Morphometric Analysis of Unique and Shared Aspects. J. Hum. Evol. 2010; 59:555–566.
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Courchesne E, Pierce K. Brain Overgrowth in Autism during a Critical Time in Development: Implications for Frontal Pyramidal Neuron and Interneuron Development and Connectivity. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 2005; 23:153–170.
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Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, Maricic T, Stenzel U, Kircher M, Patterson N, Li H, Zhai W, et al. A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome. Science 2010; 328:710– 722.
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Mithen SJ. The Singing Neanderthals: The Origins of Music, Language, Mind and Body; 2005, ISBN 0-297-64317-7.
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Bruner E, Manzi G, Arsuaga JL. Encephalization and Allometric Trajectories in the Genus Homo: Evidence from the Neandertal and Modern Lineages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003; 100:15335–15340.
12. Gooch S. The Dream Culture of the Neanderthals: Guardians of the Ancient Wisdom. Inner Traditions, Wildwood House, London; 2006. 13. Gooch S. The Neanderthal Legacy: Reawakening Our Genetic and Cultural Origins. Inner Traditions, Wildwood House, London; 2008. 14.
Kurtén B. Den Svarta Tigern, ALBA Publishing, Stockholm, Sweden; 1978.
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Spikins P. Autism, the Integrations of ‘Difference’ and the Origins of Modern Human Behaviour. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2009; 19(2):179-201.
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Eswaran V, Harpending H, Rogers AR. Genomics Refutes an Exclusively African Origin of Humans. Journal of Human Evolution 2005; 49(1):1-18.
17. Ramachandran V.S. The Reith lectures, BBC London. 2012.
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CHAPTER 9 ENDOSYMBIOTIC ACTINIDIC ARCHAEA AND VIROIDS - A MODEL FOR ABIOGENESIS AND VIRAL, PROKARYOTE, EUKARYOTIC, PRIMATE AND HUMAN EVOLUTION
Introduction A hypothesis regarding endosymbiotic actinidic archaea as having evolved from an early isoprenoid organisms by abiogenesis is presented in this paper. An actinidc archaea/ viroid mediated model of prokaryote, viral, eukaryotic, primate and human evolution is discussed. Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) along with the root wilt disease of coconut is endemic to Kerala with its radioactive actinide beach sands. Actinides like rutile producing intracellular magnesium deficiency due to rutile-magnesium exchange sites in the cell membrane has been implicated in the etiology of EMF1,2. Organisms like phytoplasmas and viroids have also been demonstrated to play a role in the etiology of these diseases3,4. Actinidic archaea has been related to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, malignancy, metabolic syndrome x, autoimmune disease and neuronal degeneration2. Actinidic archaea have a mevalonate pathway and cholesterol catabolism5-7. Davies has put forward the concept of a shadow biosphere of organisms with alternate biochemistry present in earth itself8. An actinide dependent shadow biosphere of archaea and viroids in the above mentioned disease states is described6. Metal actinides in beach sands have been postulated to play a role in abiogenesis6. Actinide mineral like rutile, monazite and illmenite by surface metabolism would have contributed to abiogenesis9. A hypothesis of cholesterol as the primal prebiotic molecule synthesized on actinide surfaces with all other biomolecules arising from it and a self replicating cholesterol lipid organism as the initial life form is presented. The actinidic archaea and viroids would have evolved from the primitive isoprenoid organism. The origin of viruses, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, primates and humans from the initial isoprenoid organism derived actinidic archaea is postulated.
Materials and Methods Informed consent of the subjects and the approval of the ethics committee were obtained for the study. The following groups were included in the study:- endomyocardial fibrosis, Alzheimer’s disease,
multiple sclerosis, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, metabolic
syndrome x with cerebrovascular thrombosis and coronary artery disease, schizophrenia, autism, seizure disorder, Creutzfeldt Jakob’s disease and acquired immunodeficiency 107
syndrome. There were 10 patients in each group and each patient had an age and sex matched healthy control selected randomly from the general population. The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state before treatment was initiated. Plasma from fasting heparinised blood was used and the experimental protocol was as follows:- (I) Plasma+phosphate buffered saline, (II) same as I+cholesterol substrate, (III) same as II+rutile 0.1 mg/ml, and (IV) same as II+ciprofloxacine and doxycycline each in a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Cholesterol substrate was prepared as described by Richmond10. Aliquots were withdrawn at zero time immediately after mixing and after incubation at 37 oC for 1 hour. The following estimations were carried out:- Cytochrome F420, free RNA, free DNA, muramic acid, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, hydrogen peroxide, serotonin, pyruvate, ammonia, glutamate, cytochrome C, hexokinase, ATP synthase, HMG CoA redutase, digoxin and bile acids11-14. Cytochrome F420 was estimated flourimetrically (excitation wavelength 420 nm and emission wavelength 520 nm). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was estimated by measuring hydrogen peroxide liberated by using glucose reagent. The statistical analysis was done by ANOVA.
Results The parameters checked as indicated above were:- cytochrome F420, free RNA, free DNA, muramic acid, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, hydrogen peroxide, serotonin, pyruvate, ammonia, glutamate, cytochrome C, hexokinase, ATP synthase, HMG CoA reductase, digoxin and bile acids. Plasma of control subjects showed increased levels of the above mentioned parameters with after incubation for 1 hour and addition of cholesterol substrate resulted in still further significant increase in these parameters. The plasma of patients showed similar results but the extent of increase was more. The addition of antibiotics to the control plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of rutile increased their levels. The addition of antibiotics to the patient’s plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of rutile increased their levels but the extent of change was more in patient’s sera as compared to controls. The results are expressed in tables 1-7 as percentage change in the parameters after 1 hour incubation as compared to the values at zero time.
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Table 1. Effect of rutile and antibiotics on cytochrome F420 and muramic acid
Group
CYT F420 % (Increase with Rutile)
CYT F420 % (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
Muramic acid % change (Increase with Rutile)
Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism EMF F value P value
Mean + SD 4.48 0.15 23.24 2.01 23.46 1.87 23.12 2.00 22.12 1.81 22.79 2.13 22.59 1.86 22.29 1.66 22.06 1.61 21.68 1.90 22.70 1.87 306.749 < 0.001
Mean + SD 18.24 0.66 58.72 7.08 59.27 8.86 56.90 6.94 61.33 9.82 55.90 7.29 57.05 8.45 59.02 7.50 57.81 6.04 57.93 9.64 60.46 8.06 130.054 < 0.001
Mean + SD 4.45 0.14 23.01 1.69 22.67 2.29 23.26 1.53 22.83 1.78 22.84 1.42 23.40 1.55 23.23 1.97 23.46 1.91 22.61 1.42 23.73 1.38 391.318 < 0.001
Muramic acid % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.25 0.72 59.49 4.30 57.69 5.29 60.91 7.59 59.84 7.62 66.07 3.78 65.77 5.27 65.89 5.05 61.56 4.61 64.48 6.90 65.20 6.20 257.996 < 0.001
Table 2. Effect of rutile and antibiotics on free RNA and DNA
Group
DNA % change (Increase with Rutile)
Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism EMF F value P value
Mean + SD 4.37 0.15 23.28 1.70 23.40 1.51 23.52 1.65 22.62 1.38 22.42 1.99 23.01 1.67 22.56 2.46 23.30 1.42 22.12 2.44 22.29 2.05 337.577 < 0.001
DNA % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.39 0.38 61.41 3.36 63.68 4.66 64.15 4.60 63.82 5.53 61.14 3.47 65.35 3.56 62.70 4.53 65.07 4.95 63.69 5.14 58.70 7.34 356.621 < 0.001
RNA % change (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.37 0.13 23.59 1.83 23.08 1.87 23.29 1.92 23.29 1.98 23.78 1.20 23.33 1.86 23.32 1.74 23.11 1.52 23.33 1.35 22.29 2.05 427.828 < 0.001
RNA % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.38 0.48 65.69 3.94 65.09 3.48 65.39 3.95 67.46 3.96 66.90 4.10 66.46 3.65 65.67 4.16 66.68 3.97 66.83 3.27 67.03 5.97 654.453 < 0.001
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Table 3. Effect of rutile and antibiotics on HMG CoA reductase and ATP synthase
Group
Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism EMF F value P value
HMG CoA R % change (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.30 0.20 22.91 1.92 23.09 1.69 23.43 1.68 23.14 1.85 22.28 1.76 23.06 1.65 22.86 2.58 22.38 2.38 22.72 1.89 22.92 1.48 319.332 < 0.001
HMG CoA R % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.35 0.35 61.63 6.79 61.62 8.69 61.68 8.32 59.76 4.82 61.88 6.21 62.25 6.24 66.53 5.59 60.65 5.27 64.51 5.73 61.91 7.56 199.553 < 0.001
ATP synthase % (Increase with Rutile)
ATP synthase % (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro)
Mean + SD 4.40 0.11 23.67 1.42 23.09 1.90 23.58 2.08 23.52 1.76 24.01 1.17 23.72 1.73 23.15 1.62 23.00 1.64 22.60 1.64 23.37 1.31 449.503 < 0.001
Mean + SD 18.78 0.11 67.39 3.13 66.15 4.09 66.21 3.69 67.05 3.00 66.66 3.84 66.25 3.69 66.48 4.17 66.67 4.21 66.86 4.21 63.97 3.62 673.081 < 0.001
Table 4. Effect of rutile and antibiotics on digoxin and bile acids
Group Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism EMF F value P value
Digoxin (ng/ml) (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 0.11 0.00 0.55 0.06 0.51 0.05 0.55 0.03 0.52 0.03 0.54 0.04 0.47 0.04 0.56 0.05 0.53 0.06 0.53 0.08 0.51 0.05
Digoxin (ng/ml) (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 0.054 0.003 0.219 0.043 0.199 0.027 0.192 0.040 0.214 0.032 0.210 0.042 0.202 0.025 0.220 0.052 0.212 0.045 0.205 0.041 0.213 0.033
135.116 < 0.001
71.706 < 0.001
Bile Acids % change (Increase with Rutile) Mean 4.29 23.20 22.61 22.12 21.95 22.98 22.87 22.29 23.30 22.21 23.41
+ SD 0.18 1.87 2.22 2.19 2.11 2.19 2.58 1.47 1.88 2.04 1.41
290.441 < 0.001
Bile Acids % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.15 0.58 57.04 4.27 66.62 4.99 62.86 6.28 65.46 5.79 64.96 5.64 64.51 5.93 64.35 5.58 62.49 7.26 63.84 6.16 58.70 7.34 203.651 < 0.001
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Table 5. Effect of rutile and antibiotics on pyruvate and hexokinase Pyruvate % change Group (Increase with Rutile)
Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism EMF F value P value
Mean + SD 4.34 0.21 20.99 1.46 20.94 1.54 22.63 0.88 21.59 1.23 21.19 1.61 20.67 1.38 21.21 2.36 21.07 1.79 21.91 1.71 22.29 2.05 321.255 < 0.001
Pyruvate % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.43 0.82 61.23 9.73 62.76 8.52 56.40 8.59 60.28 9.22 58.57 7.47 58.75 8.12 58.73 8.10 63.90 7.13 58.45 6.66 62.37 5.05 115.242 < 0.001
Hexokinase % change (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.21 0.16 23.01 2.61 23.33 1.79 22.96 2.12 22.81 1.91 22.53 2.41 23.23 1.88 21.11 2.25 22.47 2.17 22.88 1.87 21.66 1.94 292.065 < 0.001
Hexokinase % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.56 0.76 65.87 5.27 62.50 5.56 65.11 5.91 63.47 5.81 64.29 5.44 65.11 5.14 64.20 5.38 65.97 4.62 65.45 5.08 67.03 5.97 317.966 < 0.001
Table 6. Effect of rutile and antibiotics on hydrogen peroxide and delta amino levulinic acid H2O2 % Group (Increase with Rutile) Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism EMF F value P value
Mean + SD 4.43 0.19 22.50 1.66 23.81 1.19 22.65 2.48 21.14 1.20 23.35 1.76 23.27 1.53 23.32 1.71 22.86 1.91 23.52 1.49 23.29 1.67 380.721 < 0.001
H2O2 % (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.13 0.63 60.21 7.42 61.08 7.38 60.19 6.98 60.53 4.70 59.17 3.33 58.91 6.09 63.15 7.62 63.66 6.88 63.24 7.36 60.52 5.38 171.228 < 0.001
ALA % (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.40 0.10 22.52 1.90 22.83 1.90 23.67 1.68 22.38 1.79 23.34 1.75 22.87 1.84 23.45 1.79 23.17 1.88 23.20 1.57 22.29 2.05 372.716 < 0.001
ALA % (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.48 0.39 66.39 4.20 67.23 3.45 66.50 3.58 67.10 3.82 66.80 3.43 66.31 3.68 66.32 3.63 68.53 2.65 66.65 4.26 61.91 7.56 556.411 < 0.001
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Table 7. Effect of rutile and antibiotics on PAH and serotonin
Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism EMF
PAH % (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.41 0.15 21.88 1.19 22.29 1.33 23.66 1.67 22.92 2.14 23.81 1.90 24.10 1.61 23.43 1.57 23.70 1.75 22.76 2.20 22.28 1.52
PAH % (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.63 0.12 66.28 3.60 65.38 3.62 65.97 3.36 67.54 3.65 66.95 3.67 65.78 4.43 66.30 3.57 68.06 3.52 67.63 3.52 64.05 2.79
F value P value
403.394 < 0.001
680.284 < 0.001
Group
5 HT % change (Increase with Rutile) Mean 4.34 23.02 22.13 23.09 21.93 23.12 22.73 22.98 23.81 22.79 22.82
+ SD 0.15 1.65 2.14 1.81 2.29 1.71 2.46 1.50 1.49 2.20 1.56
348.867 < 0.001
5 HT % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.24 0.37 67.61 2.77 66.26 3.93 65.86 4.27 63.70 5.63 65.12 5.58 65.87 4.35 65.13 4.87 64.89 6.01 64.26 6.02 64.61 4.95 364.999 < 0.001
Discussion There was increase in cytochrome F420 indicating archaeal growth. The archaea can synthesize and use cholesterol as a carbon and energy source15,16. The archaeal origin of the enzyme activities was indicated by antibiotic induced suppression. The study indicates the presence of actinide based archaea with an alternate actinide based enzymes or metalloenzymes in the system as indicated by rutile induced increase in enzyme activities17. There was also an increase in archaeal HMG CoA reductase activity indicating increased cholesterol synthesis by the archaeal mevalonate pathway. The archaeal beta hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase activity indicating digoxin synthesis and archaeal cholesterol hydroxylase activity indicating bile acid synthesis were increased7. The archaeal cholesterol oxidase activity was increased resulting in generation of pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide16. The pyruvate gets converted to glutamate and ammonia by the GABA shunt pathway. The archaeal aromatization of cholesterol generating PAH, serotonin and dopamine was also detected18. The archaeal glycolytic hexokinase activity and archaeal extracellular ATP synthase activity were increased. The archaea can undergo magnetite and calcium carbonate mineralization and can exist as calcified nanoforms19. The metal actinides provide radiolytic energy, catalysis for oligomer formation and provide a coordinating ion for metalloenzymes all important in abiogenesis6. The metal 112
actinide surfaces would by surface metabolism generate acetate which could get converted to acetyl CoA and then to cholesterol which functions as the primal prebiotic molecule selforganising into self-replicating supramolecular systems, the lipid organism8,9,20. Cholesterol by radiolysis by actinides would have formed PAH generating PAH aromatic organism8. Cholesterol radiolysis would generate pyruvate which would get converted to amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, porphyrins, fatty acids and TCA acids. Anastase and rutile surfaces can produce polymerisation of amino acids, isoprenyl residues, PAH and nucleotides to generate the initial lipid organism, PAH organism, prions and RNA viroids which would have symbiosed to generate the archaeal protocell. The archaea evolved into gram negative and gram positive bacteria with a mevalonate pathway which had an evolutionary advantage. The symbiosis of archaea with gram negative organism generated the eukaryotic cell21. The data supports the persistence of an actinide and cholesterol based shadow biosphere which throws light on the actinide based origin of life and cholesterol as the premier prebiotic molecule. There was an increase in free RNA indicating self replicating RNA viroids and free DNA indicating generation of viroid complementary DNA strands by archaeal reverse transcriptase activity. The actinides modulate RNA folding and catalyse its ribozymal action. Digoxin can cut and paste the viroidal strands by modulating RNA splicing generating RNA viroidal diversity. The viroids are evolutionarily escaped archaeal group I introns which have retrotransposition and self-splicing qualities. Archaeal pyruvate can produce histone deacetylase inhibition resulting in endogenous retroviral (HERV) reverse transcriptase and integrase expression. This can integrate the RNA viroidal complementary DNA into the noncoding region of eukaryotic non-coding DNA using HERV integrase as has been described for borna and ebola viruses21. The non-coding DNA is lengthened by integrating RNA viroidal complementary DNA with the integration going on as a continuing event. The archaea genome can also get integrated into human genome using integrase as has been described for trypanosomes. The integrated viroids and archaea can undergo vertical transmission and can exist as genomic parasites. This increases the length and alters the grammar of the non-coding region producing memes or memory of acquired characters. The viroidal complementary DNA can function as jumping genes producing a dynamic genome.22-24 The presence of muramic acid, HMG CoA reductase and cholesterol oxidase activity inhibited by antibiotics indicates the presence of bacteria with mevalonate pathway. The bacterial with mevalonate pathway include streptococcus, staphylococcus, actinomycetes, 113
listeria, coxiella and borrelia. The bacteria and archaea with mevalonate pathway and cholesterol catabolism had an evolutionarily advantage and constitutes the isoprenoidal clade organism. The archaea evolved into mevalonate pathway gram positive and gram negative isoprenoid clade organism through horizontal gene transfer of viroidal and virus genes. The isoprenoidal clade prokaryotes develop into other groups of prokaryotes via viroidal/virus as well as eukaryotic horizontal gene transfer producing bacterial speciation25-27. The RNA viroids and its complementary DNA developed into cholesterol enveloped RNA and DNA viruses like herpes, retrovirus, influenza virus, borna virus, cytomegalo virus and ebstein barr virus by recombining with eukaryotic and human genes resulting in viral speciation. Bacterial and viral species are ill defined and fuzzy with all of them forming one common genetic pool with frequent horizontal gene transfer and recombination. Thus the multi and unicellular eukaryote with its genes serves the purpose of prokaryotic and viral speciation .The multicellular eukaryote developed so that their endosymbiotic archaeal colonies could survive and forage better. The multicellular eukaryotes are like bacterial biofilms. The archaea and bacteria with a mevalonate pathway uses the extracellular RNA viroids and DNA viroids for quorum sensing and in the generation of symbiotic biofilm like structures which develop into multicellular eukaryotes. The endosymbiotic archaea and bacteria with mevalonate pathway still uses the RNA viroids and DNA viroids for the regulation of multicellular eukaryote.28-31 Pollution is a major inducer of evolutionary innovation. Pollution is induced by the primitive nanoarchaea and mevalonate pathway bacteria synthesized PAH and methane leading on to redox stress. Redox stress leads to sodium potassium ATPase inhibition, inward movement of plasma membrane cholesterol, defective SREBP sensing, increased cholesterol synthesis and nanoarchaeal/mevalonate pathway bacterial growth. Redox stress leads on to viroidal and archaeal multiplication. Redox stress can also lead to HERV reverse transcriptase and integrase expression. The non-coding DNA is formed of integrating RNA viroidal complementary DNA and archaea with the integration going on as a continuing event. The archaeal pox like dsDNA virus forms evolutionarily the nucleus. The integrated viroidal, archaeal and mevalonate pathway bacterial sequences can undergo vertical transmission and can exist as genomic parasites. The genomic integrated archaea, mevalonate pathway bacteria and viroids form a genomic reserve of bacteria and viruses which can recombine with human and eukaryotic genes producing bacterial and viral speciation. The 114
change in the length and grammar of the non-coding region produces eukaryotic speciation and individuality. The integration of nanoarchaea, mevalonate pathway prokaryotes and viroids in to the eukaryotic and human genome produces a chimera which can multiply producing biofilm like multicellular structures having a mixed archaeal, viroidal, prokaryotic and eukaryotic characters which is a regression from the multicellular eukaryotic tissue. This results in a new neuronal, metabolic, immune and tissue phenotype leading to human disease.30-32 Pollution would have been a major factor in eukaryotic speciation and primate/hominid evolution. The change in the length and grammar of the non-coding region produces eukaryotic speciation and individuality. It is the increase in non-coding region and HERV sequences of the genome that led to the evolution of the primate and the human brain and its attendant property of conscious and quantal perception. It is the non-coding region of the genome with its archaeal, RNA viroidal complementary DNA and HERV sequences that makes for the human qualities of the hominid brain. Changes in the length of non-coding region can lead on to disorders of consciousness like schizophrenia. A schizophrenia specific human endogenous retroviruses and change in the length and grammar of the non-coding region has been described in schizophrenia.33,34 An actinide dependent shadow biosphere of archaea and viroids in the above mentioned disease states is described. Metal actinides in beach sands have been postulated to play a role in abiogenesis. Cholesterol is the primal prebiotic molecule synthesised on actinide surfaces with all other biomolecules arising from it. A self replicating cholesterol lipid organism could be the initial life form. A cholesterol based abiogenesis is a more likely evolutionary option and the actinidic archaea and viroids would have evolved from it. The origin of viruses, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, primates and humans from the initial isoprenoid organism derived actinidic archaea is discussed. References 1.
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10. Richmond W. (1973). Preparation and properties of a cholesterol oxidase from nocardia species and its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum, Clin Chem, 19, 1350-1356. 11. Snell E.D., Snell, C.T. (1961). Colorimetric Methods of Analysis. Vol 3A. New York: Van NoStrand. 12. Glick D. (1971). Methods of Biochemical Analysis. Vol 5. New York: Interscience Publishers. 13. Colowick, Kaplan, N.O. (1955). Methods in Enzymology. Vol 2. New York: Academic Press. 14. Maarten A.H., Marie-Jose, M., Cornelia, G., van Helden–Meewsen, Fritz, E., Marten, P.H. (1995). Detection of muramic acid in human spleen, Infection and Immunity, 63(5), 1652 – 1657. 15. Smit A., Mushegian, A. (2000). Biosynthesis of isoprenoids via mevalonate in Archaea: the lost pathway, Genome Res, 10(10), 1468-84. 16. Van der Geize R., Yam, K., Heuser, T., Wilbrink, M.H., Hara, H., Anderton, M.C. (2007). A gene cluster encoding cholesterol catabolism in a soil actinomycete provides insight into Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in macrophages, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 104(6), 1947-52. 17. Francis A.J. (1998). Biotransformation of uranium and other actinides in radioactive wastes, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 271(273), 78-84. 18. Probian C., Wülfing, A., Harder, J. (2003). Anaerobic mineralization of quaternary carbon atoms: Isolation of denitrifying bacteria on pivalic acid (2,2-Dimethylpropionic acid), Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(3), 1866-1870. 19. Vainshtein M., Suzina, N., Kudryashova, E., Ariskina, E. (2002). New Magnet-Sensitive Structures in Bacterial and Archaeal Cells, Biol Cell, 94(1), 29-35. 20. Russell M.J., Martin, W. (2004). The rocky roots of the acetyl-CoA Pathway, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 29, 7. 21. Margulis L. (1996). Archaeal-eubacterial mergers in the origin of Eukarya: phylogenetic classification of life, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93, 1071-1076.
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22. Tsagris E.M., de Alba, A.E., Gozmanova, M., Kalantidis, K. (2008). Viroids, Cell Microbiol, 10, 2168. 23. Horie M., Honda, T., Suzuki, Y., Kobayashi, Y., Daito, T., Oshida, T. (2010). Endogenous non-retroviral RNA virus elements in mammalian genomes, Nature, 463, 84-87. 24. Hecht M., Nitz, N., Araujo, P., Sousa, A., Rosa, A., Gomes, D. (2010). Genes from Chagas parasite can transfer to humans and be passed on to children. Inheritance of DNA Transferred from American Trypanosomes to Human Hosts, PLoS ONE, 5, 2-10. 25. Flam F. (1994). Hints of a language in junk DNA, Science, 266, 1320. 26. Horbach S., Sahm, H., Welle, R. (1993). Isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacteria: two different pathways? FEMS Microbiol Lett, 111, 135–140. 27. Gupta R.S. (1998). Protein phylogenetics and signature sequences: a reappraisal of evolutionary relationship among archaebacteria, eubacteria, and eukaryotes, Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 62, 1435–1491. 28. Hanage W., Fraser, C., Spratt, B. (2005). Fuzzy species among recombinogenic bacteria, BMC Biology, 3, 6-10. 29. Whitchurch C.B., Tolker-Nielsen, T., Ragas, P.C., Mattick, J.S. (2002). Extracellular DNA Required for Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Science, 295(5559), 1487. 30. Webb J.S., Givskov, M., Kjelleberg, S. (2003). Bacterial biofilms: prokaryotic adventures in multicellularity, Curr Opin Microbiol, 6(6), 578–85. 31. Chen Y., Cai, T., Wang, H., Li, Z., Loreaux, E., Lingrel, J.B. (2009). Regulation of intracellular cholesterol distribution by Na/K-ATPase, J Biol Chem, 284(22), 14881-90. 32. Poole A.M. (2006). Did group II intron proliferation in an endosymbiont-bearing archaeon create eukaryotes? Biol Direct, 1, 36-40. 33. Villarreal L.P. (2006). How viruses shape the tree of life, Future Virology, 1(5), 587595. 34. Lockwood M. (1989). Mind, Brain and the Quantum. Oxford: B. Blackwell.
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CHAPTER 10 THE EXTINCTION OF HOMO SAPIENS AND SYMBIOTIC NEANDERTHALISATION - RELATION TO ARCHAEAL MEDIATED RNA VIROIDS AND AMYLOIDOSIS - HOMO SAPIEN EXTINCTUS
Introduction Prion proteins have been implicated in systemic disorders like neurodegenerations, cancer and metabolic syndrome. The beta amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease, alpha synuclein in Parkinson’s disease, the TAR protein in frontotemporal dementia and copper zinc dismutase in motor neuron disease behaves like prion proteins. Prion proteins like behavior is also seen in the tumour suppressor P53 protein in cancer and the islet cell associated amyloid in diabetes mellitus. Prion diseases are conformational diseases. The abnormal prion protein seeded into the system converts the normal proteins with prion like domains to abnormal configuration. This abnormal protein resists digestion by lysosomal enzymes after its half life is over and results in deposition of amyloid plaques. This produces organ dysfunction. Prion phenomena were initially described for Creutzfeldt Jakob’s disease, but now it is found to be wide spread in chronic disease pathogenesis. Ribonucleoproteins are well known to behave like prion proteins and form amyloid. We have demonstrated actinidic archaea which secretes RNA viroids in metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerations, cancer, autoimmune disease, schizophrenia, autism and CJD. The RNA viroids can bind with normal proteins with prion like domains, eg. superoxide dismutase and produce a ribonucleoprotein resulting in prion phenomena and amyloidogenesis. The actinidic archaeal growth results in increased digoxin synthesis and phenotypic conversion of homo sapiens to homo Neanderthals as reported earlier. The increased actinidic archaeal growth is due to global warming and this results in neanderthalisation. Homo neanderthalis tend to have more of civilizational diseases like metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerations, cancer, autoimmune disease, schizophrenia, autism and CJD. Actinidic archaeal secreted RNA viroids may play a crucial role in amyloid formation and pathogenesis of these disorders.1-16
Materials and Methods The following groups were included in the study:- Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, metabolic syndrome x with cerebrovascular thrombosis and coronary artery disease, schizophrenia, autism, seizure disorder, Creutzfeldt Jakob’s disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. There were 10 patients in each group and 118
each patient had an age and sex matched healthy control selected randomly from the general population. The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state before treatment was initiated. Plasma from fasting heparinised blood was used and the experimental protocol was as follows:- (I) Plasma+phosphate buffered saline, (II) same as I+cholesterol substrate, (III) same as II+cerium 0.1 mg/ml, and (IV) same as II+ciprofloxacine and doxycycline each in a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Cholesterol substrate was prepared as described by Richmond. Aliquots were withdrawn at zero time immediately after mixing and after incubation at 37 oC for 1 hour. The following estimations were carried out:- Cytochrome F420, free RNA, Cytochrome F420 was estimated flourimetrically (excitation wavelength 420 nm and emission wavelength 520 nm). Plasma of control subjects showed increased levels of the above mentioned parameters with after incubation for 1 hour and addition of cholesterol substrate resulted in still further significant increase in these parameters. The plasma of patients showed similar results but the extent of increase was more. The addition of antibiotics to the control plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of cerium increased their levels. The addition of antibiotics to the patient’s plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of cerium increased their levels but the extent of change was more in patient’s sera as compared to controls. The results are expressed in tables 1-2 as percentage change in the parameters after 1 hour incubation as compared to the values at zero time.
Results The results show that there was increase in cytochrome F420 in CJD and other disease groups indicating increased archaeal growth. There was also an increase in free RNA indicating self replicating RNA viroids in CJD and other disease groups. The RNA viroid generation was catalysed by actinides. The RNA viroids can bind with proteins having prion like domains forming ribonucleoproteins. These ribonucleoproteins can give an abnormal conformation to the protein resulting in generation of abnormal prions. The abnormal prions can act as a template to convert normal proteins with normal configuration to abnormal conformation. This can result in amyloidogenesis. The abnormal configured proteins will resist lysosomal digestion and accumulate as amyloid.
119
Table 1. Effect of cerium and antibiotics on cytochrome F420
Group Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism F value P value
CYT F420 % (Increase with Cerium) Mean + SD
CYT F420 % (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD
4.48 23.24 23.46 23.12 22.12 22.79 22.59 22.29 22.06 21.68
18.24 58.72 59.27 56.90 61.33 55.90 57.05 59.02 57.81 57.93
0.15 2.01 1.87 2.00 1.81 2.13 1.86 1.66 1.61 1.90
306.749 < 0.001
0.66 7.08 8.86 6.94 9.82 7.29 8.45 7.50 6.04 9.64
130.054 < 0.001
Table 2. Effect of cerium and antibiotics on free RNA
Group Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism F value P value
RNA % change (Increase with Cerium) Mean + SD 4.37 0.13 23.59 1.83 23.08 1.87 23.29 1.92 23.29 1.98 23.78 1.20 23.33 1.86 23.32 1.74 23.11 1.52 23.33 1.35 427.828 < 0.001
RNA % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.38 0.48 65.69 3.94 65.09 3.48 65.39 3.95 67.46 3.96 66.90 4.10 66.46 3.65 65.67 4.16 66.68 3.97 66.83 3.27 654.453 < 0.001
Discussion There was increase in cytochrome F420 indicating archaeal growth. The archaea can synthesize and use cholesterol as a carbon and energy source. The archaeal origin of the self replicating RNA was indicated by antibiotic induced suppression. The study indicates the presence of actinide based archaea with an alternate actinide based enzymes or metalloenzymes in the system as indicated by cerium induced increase in enzyme activities. There was an increase in free RNA indicating self replicating RNA viroids. The actinides 120
modulate RNA folding and catalyse its ribozymal action. Digoxin can cut and paste the viroidal strands by modulating RNA splicing generating RNA viroidal diversity. The viroids are evolutionarily escaped archaeal group I introns which have retrotransposition and self splicing qualities. The RNA viroids can bind with proteins having prion like domains forming ribonucleoproteins. These ribonucleoproteins can give an abnormal conformation to the protein resulting in generation of abnormal prions. The abnormal prions can act as a template to convert normal proteins with normal configuration to abnormal conformation. This can result in amyloidogenesis. The abnormal configured proteins will resist lysosomal digestion and accumulate as amyloid. Amyloidogenesis has been implicated in systemic disorders. The beta amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease, alpha synuclein in Parkinson’s disease, the TAR protein in frontotemporal dementia and copper zinc dismutase in motor neuron disease behaves like prion proteins. Prion proteins like behavior is also seen in the tumour suppressor P53 protein in cancer and the islet cell associated amyloid in diabetes mellitus. Prion diseases are conformational diseases. The RNA viroids generated from actinidic archaea can bind to proteins with prion like domains resulting in generation of ribonucleoproteins. Ribonucleoproteins with abnormal conformation can act as a template for normal proteins with prion like domains to change to abnormal conformation. This results in generation of prion proteins with abnormal conformation resisting lysosomal digestion and generating amyloid. These systemic diseases are due to actinidic archaeal generated RNA viroid induced prion protein generation and amyloidogenesis. Prion proteins have been implicated in systemic disorders like neurodegenerations, cancer and metabolic syndrome. The beta amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease, alpha synuclein in Parkinson’s disease, the TAR protein in frontotemporal dementia and copper zinc dismutase in motor neuron disease behaves like prion proteins. Prion proteins like behavior is also seen in the tumour suppressor P53 protein in cancer and the islet cell associated amyloid in diabetes mellitus. The present study shows that the same prion protein mechanism can operate in schizophrenia, autism and autoimmune diseases. Sporadic CJD is also induced by actinidic archaea induced RNA viroids. Actinidic archaeal induced RNA viroids generated prions can be transferred between individuals indicating the infective nature of
neurodegenerations,
cancer,
metabolic
syndrome,
autoimmune
disease
and
neuropsychiatric diseases. 121
The archaeal porphyrins can modulate amyloid formation. The archaeal cholesterol oxidase activity was increased resulting in generation of pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide. The pyruvate gets converted to glutamate and ammonia by the GABA shunt pathway. The pyruvate is converted to glutamate by serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase. The glutamate gets acted upon by glutamate dehydrogenase to generate alpha ketoglutarate and ammonia. Alanine is most commonly produced by the reductive amination of pyruvate via alanine transaminase. This reversible reaction involves the interconversion of alanine and pyruvate, coupled to the interconversion of alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) and glutamate. Alanine can contribute to glycine. Glutamate is acted upon by Glutamic acid decarboxylase to generate GABA. GABA is converted to succinic semialdehyde by GABA transaminase. Succinic semialdehyde is converted to succinic acid by succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Glycine combines with succinyl CoA to generate delta aminolevulinic acid catalysed by the enzyme ALA synthase. There was upregulated archaeal porphyrin synthesis in the patient population which was archaeal in origin as indicated by actinide catalysis of the reactions. The cholesterol oxidase pathway generated pyruvate which entered the GABA shunt pathway. This resulted in synthesis of succinate and glycine which are substrates for ALA synthase. Glycine and succinyl CoA are the substrates for ALA synthesis. Porphyrin and ALA inhibits sodium potassium ATPase. This increases cholesterol synthesis by acting upon intracellular SREBP. The cholesterol is metabolized to pyruvate and then the GABA shunt pathway for ultimate use in porphyrin synthesis. The porphyrins can self-organise and self-replicate into macromolecular arrays. The porphyrin arrays behave like an autonomous organism and can have intramolecular electron transport generating ATP. The porphyrin macroarrays can store information and can have quantal perception. The porphyrin macroarrays serves the purpose of archaeal energetics and sensory perception. Protoporphyrine binds to the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor regulating steroid and digoxin synthesis. Increased porphyrin metabolites can contribute to hyperdigoxinemia. Digoxin can modulate the neuro-immuno-endocrine system. The global warming results in increased growth of actinidic archaea and neanderthalisation of the homo sapien species. The actinidic archaea secreted viroids can generate ribonucleoproteins by binding to proteins with prion like domains. This generates amyloidogenesis and systemic diseases like neurodegenerations, cancer, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune disease and neuropsychiatric diseases. The widespread incidence of these systemic diseases leads to extinction of the neanderthalised species. 122
References 1.
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Kurup RA, Kurup PA. Endosymbiotic Actinidic Archaeal Mediated Warburg Phenotype Mediates Human Disease State. Advances in Natural Science 2012; 5(1):8184.
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Morgan E. The Neanderthal theory of autism, Asperger and ADHD; 2007, www.rdos.net/eng/asperger.htm.
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Graves P. New Models and Metaphors for the Neanderthal Debate. Current Anthropology 1991; 32(5): 513-541.
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Sawyer GJ, Maley B. Neanderthal Reconstructed. The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist 2005; 283B(1):23-31.
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Bastir M, O’Higgins P, Rosas A. Facial Ontogeny in Neanderthals and Modern Humans. Proc. Biol. Sci. 2007; 274:1125–1132.
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Neubauer S, Gunz P, Hublin JJ. Endocranial Shape Changes during Growth in Chimpanzees and Humans: A Morphometric Analysis of Unique and Shared Aspects. J. Hum. Evol. 2010; 59:555–566.
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Mithen SJ. The Singing Neanderthals: The Origins of Music, Language, Mind and Body; 2005, ISBN 0-297-64317-7.
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12. Gooch S. The Dream Culture of the Neanderthals: Guardians of the Ancient Wisdom. Inner Traditions, Wildwood House, London; 2006. 13. Gooch S. The Neanderthal Legacy: Reawakening Our Genetic and Cultural Origins. Inner Traditions, Wildwood House, London; 2008. 14.
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CHAPTER 11 THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC ARCHAEA, FRUCTOSE DISEASE, DIGOXIN SYNDROME AND GLOBAL WARMING - RELATION TO HUMAN SPECIES HOMO SAPIENS AND HOMO NEANDERTHALIS - ROLE OF DIETARY FIBRE
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea and human species evolution Dietary fibre deficiency leads to increased endosymbiotic as well as colonic archaeal growth. The endosymbiotic archaea regulates human functions and species type and depends upon the colonic archaea whose density is determined by the fibre intake. The colonic archaeal population density depends upon dietary fibre intake. Populations with low fibre intake have lesser density of colonic archaeal microflora and endosymbiotic archaea. Endosymbiotic archaea contributes to neanderthalisation of the species. Populations consuming a high saturated fat and protein diet with low fibre intake tend to get increased endosymbiotic archaeal growth and are neanderthalised. Populations with high fibre intake up to 80 g/day tend to have reduced archaeal density in the colon and reduced archaeal endosymbiosis contributing to homo sapienisation of the population. Thus fibre intake regulates the endosymbiotic archaeal density and type of human species.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea and organelle evolution Global warming induces endosymbiotic archaeal and RNA viroidal growth. The porphyrins form a template for the formation of RNA viroids, DNA viroids, prions, isoprenoids and polysaccharides. They can symbiose together to form primitive archaea. The archaea can further induce HIF alpha, aldose reductase and fructolysis resulting in further porphyrinogenesis and archaeal self replication. The primitive archaeal DNA is integrated along with RNA viroids which are converted to their corresponding DNA by the action of redox stress induced HERV reverse transcriptase into the human genome by the redox stress induced HERV integrase. The archaeal DNA sequences that are integrated into the human genome forms endogenous archaeal human genomic sequences akin to HERV sequences and can function as jumping genes regulating genomic DNA flexibility. The integrated endogenous genomic archaeal sequences can get expressed in the presence of redox stress forming endosymbiotic archaeal particles which can function as a new organelle called the archaeaons. The archaeaon can express the fructolytic pathway constituting an organelle called the fructosome, cholesterol catabolic pathway and digoxin synthetic forming an organelle called the steroidelle, the shikimic acid pathway forming an organelle called the 124
neurotransminoid, antioxidant vitamin E and vitamin C synthetic organelle called the vitaminocyte
as
well
as
the
glycosaminoglycan
synthetic
organelle
called
glycosaminoglycoid. The archaea can secrete capsulated RNA viroidal particles which can function as blocking RNAs modulating cell metabolism and such archaeaon organelle are called viroidelle. The archaea suppresses pyruvate dehydrogenase and promotes fructolysis resulting in accumulation of pyruvate which enters the GABA shunt pathway producing succinyl CoA and glycine, the substrates for porphyrin synthesis. Porphyrin forms a template for the formation of RNA viroids, DNA viroids, prions and isoprenoids which can symbiose together to form an archaea. Thus endosymbiotic archaea have an abiogenic replication. The archaeaon concerned with GABA shunt pathway and porphyrinogenesis are called porphyrinoids. The archaeaon colony forms a network with different areas showing differential specialization of function- fructosoids, steroidelle, vitaminocyte, viroidelle, neurotransminoid, porphyrinoids and glycosaminoglycoids. This forms a living organized structure within human cells and tissues regulating their function and reducing the human body to zombie working under the directions of the organized archaeal colony. The organized archaeal colony has abiogenetic replication and is eternal.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea and symbiotic evolution The endosymbiotic actinidic archaea forms the basis of life and can be considered as the third element in the cell. It regulates the cell, the neuro-immune-endocrine system and the conscious/ unconscious brain. The endosymbiotic actinidic archaea can be called as the elixir of life. A definite population of endosymbiotic actinidic archaea is required for the existence and survival of life. A higher density of endosymbiotic actinidic archaeal population can lead to human disease. Thus actinidic archaea are important for survival of human life and can be considered as crucial to it. Symbiosis by actinidic archaea is the basis of evolution of humans and primates. The increase in endosymbiotic archaeal growth can lead to the induction of homo neanderthalis. This endosymbiotic archaea induced neanderthalisation of the species leads to human disease like metabolic syndrome x, neurodegenerations, schizophrenia and autism, autoimmune disease and cancer. The reduction in endosymbiotic archaeal growth by a high fibre, high medium chain triglyceride and legume protein ketogenic diet, antibiotics from higher plants like Curcuma longa, Emblica officianalis, Allium sativum, Withania somnifera, Moringa pterygosperma and Zingeber officianalis and transplantation of colonic microflora from normal homo sapien population can lead to deneanderthalisation of species and treatment of the above mentioned diseased states. The colonic microflora of 125
neanderthalised
diseased
states
like
metabolic
syndrome
x,
neurodegenerations,
schizophrenia and autism, autoimmune disease and cancer when transferred to the normal homo sapien species leads to generation and induction of homo neanderthalis. Thus primate and human evolution is symbiotic event which can be induced the modulating symbiotic archaeal growth. Human populations can be divided into matrilineal Neanderthal population in South Indian Dravidians, Celts, Basques, Jews and Berbers and the Cro-Magnon population seen in Africa and Europe. The symbiotic archaeal colonisation decides which species – Neanderthal or Cro-Magnon to which the society belongs to. It is tempting to postulate symbiotic microflora and archaea determining the family behavior and traits as well as societal and caste behavior and traits. The cell has been postulated by Margulis to be a symbiotic association of bacteria and viruses. Similarly, the family, the caste, the community, nationalities and the species itself is determined by archaeal and other bacterial symbiosis. The archaeal symbiosis leads to the evolution of a new human Neoneanderthal species. This can be called as the Neoneanderthal age or Kali yuga.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, colonic archaea and human evolution Symbiosis by microorganisms especially archaea drives the evolution of the species. In such a case symbiosis can be induced by transfer of microflora symbionts and evolution induced. Endosymbiosis by archaea as well as archaeal symbionts in the gut can modulate the genotype, the phenotype, the social class and the racial group of the individual. The symbiotic archaea can have horizontal and vertical transmission. Endosymbiotic archaeal growth leads to neanderthalisation of the species. The neanderthalised species is matrilineal society and includes the Dravidians, the Celts, the Basques and the Berbers. The inhibition of the endosymbiotic archaeal growth leads to evolution of the homo sapiens. This includes the Africans, Aryan invaders of North India and the Aryan derived European population. Symbiosis mediated evolution depends on the gut flora and the diet. This has been demonstrated in the drosophila pseudoobscura. The drosophila mates only with other individuals eating the same diet. When the drosophila gut microflora is altered by feeding antibiotics they mate with other individuals eating different diets. The diet consumed by the drosophila regulates its gut microflora and mating habits. The combination of the human genome and the symbiotic microbial genome is called the hologenome. The hologenome especially its symbiotic microbial component drives human evolution as well as animal evolution. The evolutionary distance between species of wasp depends on the gut microflora. The human gut microflora regulates the endocrine, genetic and neuronal systems. Humans 126
and primate evolution depends on endosymbiotic archaea and gut microflora. The endosymbiotic archaeal growth determines the racial differences between the matrilineal Harappan/ Dravidian societies and the patriarchal Aryan society. The matrilineal Harappan/ Dravidian society was neanderthalic and had increased endosymbiotic archaeal growth. Endosymbiotic archaeal growth and neanderthalisation can lead to autoimmune disease, metabolic syndrome x, neurodegeneration, cancer, autism and schizophrenia. The Neanderthal gut flora and endosymbiotic archaea was determined by the non vegetarian ketogenic high fat high protein diet consumed by them in the Eurasian steppes. The homo sapiens including the classical Aryan tribes and African ate a high fibre diet and had lower archaeal growth both endosymbiotic and gut. The dietary fibre intake determines the microbial diversity of the gut. The high fibre intake is associated with increased generation of short chain fatty acids- butyric acid by the gut flora. Butyrate is a HDAC inhibitor and leads to increased generation and incorporation of endogenous retroviral sequences. The high dietary fibre intake related increased HERV sequences leads to increased synaptic connectivity and a dominant frontal cortex as seen in homo sapien species. The neanderthalic species consume a ketogenic non vegetarian high fat high protein low fibre diet. This leads to decreased generation of endogenous HERV sequences and reduced genomic flexibility in neanderthalic species. This produces smaller cerebral cortex and a dominant cerebellar cortex in the neanderthalic brain. The homo neanderthalic species by the low dietary fibre intake starve their microbial self. This leads to increased endosymbiotic and gut archaeal growth. The mucous membrane lining the gut becomes thinned out as the gut bacteria eats up the mucous lining of the gut. This results in leakage of endotoxin and archaea from the gut to the blood breaching the barrier and produces a chronic immunostimulatory inflammatory state which forms the basis of autoimmune disease, metabolic syndrome, neurodegeneration, oncogenic and psychiatric disorders. The Neanderthal species eat a low fibre diet and have a deficiency of microbiota accessed carbohydrate generating short chain fatty acid. There is a deficiency of butyrate generated in the gut from the dietary fibre which can produce suppression of the chronic inflammatory process. The Neanderthals have got the fermentation by-product deficiency syndrome. The induction of neanderthalic species depends on the low fibre intake induced high archaeal density endosymbiotic and the gut microflora. The homo sapiens species consume a high fibre diet generating large amounts of short chain fatty acid butyrate which inhibits endosymbiotic and gut archaeal growth. The microbial self of the homo sapien species is more diverse than that of the neanderthalic species and the archaeal population density is less. This results in a protection against chronic inflammation and the 127
induction of diseases like autoimmune disease, metabolic syndrome, neurodegeneration, oncogenic and psychiatric disorders. The homo sapien species have a higher intake of dietary fibre contributing to around 40 g/day and a diverse microbial gut flora with less of archaeal population
density.
The
butyrate
generated
from
dietary
fibre
produces
an
immunosuppressive state. Thus the symbiotic microflora with less of archaeal density induces a homo sapien species. This can be demonstrated by experimental induction of evolution. A high fibre high MCT diet as well as antibiotics derived from higher plants and fecal microbiota transfer from sapien species can inhibit the Neanderthal metabolonomics and phenotype and induce the evolution of homo sapiens. A low fibre high fat high protein diet as well as fecal microbiota transfer from the Neanderthal species can produce Neanderthal metabolonomics and phenotype inducing the evolution of homo neanderthalis. Transfer of colonic microflora predominantly archaea and modulation of endosymbiotic archaea by a paleo diet and antibiotics from higher plants can lead to interconversion of human species between homo neanderthalis and homo sapiens. The hologenome especially the microbial flora endosymbiotic/gut drives human and animal evolution and can be experimentally induced. Symbiotic microflora drives evolution. Every animal, every human species, different communities, different races and different caste have their signature endosymbiotic and gut microflora which can be transmitted vertically and horizontally. Thus symbiosis drives human and animal evolution. The colonic and endosymbiotic archaea and other microbes like clostridial clusters determine the species, race, caste, community and personal identity of the individual. The identity of the individual- personal, community, caste, race, nationality and species is determined by the colonic and endosymbiotic archaeal and clostridial clusters. Predominant archaeal symbiosis produces homo neanderthalis and less prominent archaeal symbiosis and dominant clostridial clusters in the gut produces the homo sapien species. Each individual, race, nationality, caste, creed and community has the endosymbiotic and colonic microbiota signature. This colonic and endosymbiotic microbiota signature is transferable by the change of endosymbiotic and colonic microbiota from one group to another. Thus the evolution and identity based on individuality, race, nationality, caste and creed can be induced.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, RNA viroidal quasi-species consortia and species identity This can be interpreted on the basis of Villarreal hypothesis of group identity and cooperativity of RNA collectives. Archaeal symbiosis in the gut and in the tissue spaces 128
determines speciation of human beings as homo sapiens and homo neanderthalis. The endosymbiotic archaea can secrete RNA viroids and viruses and there is a viroid-archaeal host relationship between the two. A dynamic state of virus lysis and persistence can occur in archaea suggesting that viral addiction can occur in archaea. The RNA viroids in the archaea coordinate their behavior by information exchange, modulation and innovation generating new sequence based content. This occurs due to a phenomenon of symbiosis in contrast to the concept of survival of the fittest. The generation of new RNA viroidal sequences is a result of practical competence of living agents to generate new sequences by symbiosis and sharing. This represents highly productive RNA viroidal quasi-species consortia for the evolution, conservation and plasticity of genomic environments. The behavioural motives of the RNA are single stem loop structures. They have self-folding and group building capabilities depending upon functional needs. The evolution process depends upon what Villareal calls RNA stem loop consortia. The whole entity can function only if participatory groups of RNA viroids can get their function coordinated. There is competent denovo generation of new sequences by cooperative action and not by competition. These RNA viroidal group consortia can contribute to the host identity, group identity and group immunity. The term used for this is RNA viroidal sociological behavior. The RNA viroids can build groups that invade the archaea and compete as a group for limited resources such host genomes. A key behavioural motif is able to integrate a persistent life style into the archaeal colony with the addiction module forming competing viroidal groups that are counter balancing each other together with the archaeal/host immune system. This leads to creation of an identity for the archaeal colony and the homo neanderthalis host. Viroids can kill their host and also colonize their host without disease and protect the host from similar viruses and viroids. Together with lysis and protection we see a viroid colonized host that is both symbiotic and innovative acquiring new competent codes. Thus the viroid-host relationship is a pervasive, ancient force in the origin and evolution of life. Cumulative evolution at the level of RNA viroids is like a ratchet effect used for transmission of cultural memes. This learning accumulates so that every new generation must not repeat all innovative thoughts and techniques. Quasi-species of RNA viroids are cooperative and exclusive of other quasi-species. They have group recognition differentiating self groups and non-self groups allowing for quasi-species to promote the emergence of group identity. With group identity via counter related addiction modules two opposing components must be present and work coherently and define the group as a whole. Biological identity is constituted by dynamic interaction of cooperative groups. Virus addiction module is an essential strategy for existence of life in the virosphere. Viruses are 129
transmissible and can persist in specific host population leading to a form of group immunity/ identity since identical but uncolonized host population remains susceptible to a killing action of lytic viruses. In this way we see that viruses are necessary providing opposing functions for addiction (persistence/protection and lytic/killing). Viroids can function as consortia, an essential interacting group and provide a mechanism from which consortial function could emerge in the origin of protobiotic life. Genetic parasites can act as a group (qs-c). But for this group to be coherent they must attain group identity and this is typically via an addiction strategy. Antiviral and proviral system in the archaea will themselves emerge in the host from virus derived information. The archaeal viruses themselves provide the critical function required for antiviral defence. The opposing functions are the basis of addiction modules. Thus the emergence of group identity becomes an essential and early event in the emergence of life. This is coherent to the basically group behavior of RNA viroids in archaea. This group selection and group identity are needed to create information coherence and network formation and to establish a system of communication- code competent interactions. This identity serves as information also for the ones that do not share this identity. This is the beginning of self/non-self differentiating capability. In this way viroids promote the emergence of group identity in archaeal colonies and host humans. The archaeal colony identity depends upon the colonizing set of RNA viroids producing a coherent network that is inclusive opposing functions and favours the persistence of parasite derived new information. On the basis of population-based functions of RNA DNA can be considered as a habitat for consortia RNA. Thus RNA viroids of the archaea are involved in complex multicellular identity. This is called as the Gangen hypothesis by Villarreal. The Gangen describes the emergence of commonly shared code use, group membership and collective living function of RNA viroids. Communication is a code depended interaction and transmission of infectious code defines the origin of the virosphere. This issue refers to the idea of collective of RNA viroids with inherent toxic and antitoxic features should be able to transmit or communicate these agents and their features to a nearby competing population. It strongly favours the survival of RNA viroidal population with compatible addiction modules that will inhibit agent toxicity and allow persistence of new agents. This is thus the survival of the persistently colonized set which is an inherently symbiotic and consortial process. It also promotes increasing complexity and identity/immunity of the host collective via a new agent colonization, and stable addition. Thus the transmission of RNA agents attains both communication and recognition of group membership. In this way the emergence of the virosphere must had been an early event in the origin of life and group identity. Viruses and 130
viroids are genetic parasites and the most abundant living entities on earth. The virosphere is a network of infectious genetic agents. Evolution, conservation and plasticity of genetic identities are the result of cooperative consortia of RNA viroids that are competent to communicate. Thus the archaeal viroidal consortia can symbiotically share and communicate producing new sequences and give an identity to the archaeal colony. The low fibre diet and extreme temperatures of the Eurasian steppes leads to archaeal multiplication and induction of the homo neanderthalis species. The archaeal colony’s characteristics are determined by the cooperative consortia of RNA viroids in the archaea and the archaeal colony identity determines the homo neanderthalis identity. Thus the archaeal colonies with their quasispecies consortia of RNA viroids determine the homo neanderthalis identity. The new sequence generation by the RNA viroidal consortia’s symbiotic sharing character contributes to the diversity in the behavior and creativity of the homo neanderthalis population. The archaeal RNA viruses and viroids and the archaeal colonies themselves protect the homo neanderthalis population from retroviral infections. Thus the homo neanderthalis population is retroviral resistant and the quasi-species consortia of archaea and archaeal viroids gives them a group identity as retroviral resistant. Thus the quasi-species consortia of archaea and RNA viroids give homo neanderthalis colonies their identity and idea of self. The homo neanderthalis is resistant to retroviral infection like the Australian aboriginals and the endogenous retroviral sequences in the Neanderthal genome are limited. This leads to lack of plasticity and dynamicity of the human genome and the cerebral cortex in ill-developed with a dominant impulsive cerebellar cortex in the homo neanderthalis population. This produces the impulsive creative surrealistic spiritual neanderthalic brain. As the extreme of temperature goes off and the ice age ends the archaeal population density also comes down. This also can result from the consumption of a high fibre diet in the African continent. The high fibre diet digested by clostridial clusters in the colon promotes butyrate synthesis and butyrate will induce HDAC inhibition and expression of retroviral sequences in the primate genome. This leads to increase in endogenous retroviral sequences in the human genome, increasing genomic dynamicity and the evolution of complicated cerebral cortex dominant brain with its complex synaptic connectivity in the homo sapiens. This leads onto a logical, commonsensical, pragmatic and practical homo sapien brain. The homo sapiens due to lack of archaea and the RNA viroids are susceptible retroviral infection. Thus the archaeal colonies and RNA viroidal quasi-species consortia determine the evolution of the human species and the brain networks. Thus extremes of temperature, fibre intake, archaeal colony density, RNA viroidal quasi-species, group identity and retroviral resistance decides on the 131
evolution of homo sapiens and homo neanderthalis as well as the brain networks. The present extremes of temperature and low fibre intake in civilized society can lead to increase in archaeal population densities and quasi-species RNA viroidal networks generating a new homo neanderthalis in a new neanderthalic anthropocene age as opposed to the present homo sapien anthropocene age. The archaeal population densities and quasi-species RNA viroidal networks determine homo sapien/homo neanderthalis species, racial, caste, community, national, sexual, metabolic, phenotypic, immune, neuronal, psychiatric, psychological, genotypic and individual identity. The archaea secretes the trephone digoxin which can edit the RNA viroids and generate new sequences. Archaeal dipolar magnetite and porphyrins in the setting of digoxin induced membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition can produce a pumped phonon system mediated quantal perceptive state and quantal communication in the RNA viroidal symbiotic system generating new sequences by steroidal digoxin enzymatic editing action. This gives rise to archaeal RNA viroidal quasi-species symbiotic diversity and identity to species, race, caste, sex, culture, individual and national identity.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, colonic microflora and civilizational disease – relation to evolution The roots of Western civilizational disease can be related to the starvation of the colonic microflora. The colonic microflora depends upon complex carbohydrates derived from dietary fibre. The processed food of high protein, fat and sugars is digested and absorbed in the stomach and small intestine. A very little of it reaches the colon and widespread use of antibiotics in medicine has produced mass extinction of the colonic microflora. The colonic microflora is extremely diverse and the diversity is lost. There are 100 trillion bacteria in the colon belonging to 1200 species. They regulate the immune system by inducing the T-regulatory cells. A high fibre diet contributes to colonic microbiota diversity. Interaction with farm animals like cows and dogs also contributes to the colonic microflora diversity. The typical Western diet of high fat, high protein and sugars decreases the colonic microbiota diversity and increase colonic/endosymbiotic archaea producing methanogenesis. The colonic archaea feed upon the mucous lining of the colon and produces leakage of archaea into the blood and tissue system producing endosymbiotic archaea. This results in a chronic inflammatory state. The high fibre diet of Africans, South Americans and Indians produces increased colonic microbiota diversity and increase in clostridial clusters generating SCFA in the gut. High fibre diet is protective against metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Metabolic syndrome is related to degeneration, cancer, neuropsychiatric 132
illness and autoimmune disease. A high fibre diet of upto 40 g/day can be called as a gut diet. The colonic microflora especially the clostridial cluster digests the fibre generating short chain fatty acids which regulates immunity and metabolism. High fibre diet increases the colonic mucus secretion and the thickness of the mucus lining. A high fibre diet produces increase in clostridial clusters and mucous secretion. This produces a strong gut blood barrier and prevents metabolic endotoxemia which produces a chronic inflammatory response. High dietary fibre intake and the diversity of the colonic microflora with prominent SCFA producing clostridial clusters are interrelated. The clostridial clusters metabolize the complex carbohydrate in dietary fibre to short chain fatty acids butyrate, propionate and acetate. They increase the T-regulatory function. A high fibre diet increases the bacteroides and reduces the firmecutes of the colonic microflora. A high fibre diet is associated with a low body-mass index. A low fibre diet produces increase in colonic archaeal growth as well as endosymbiotic tissue and blood archaea. This produces more of methanogenesis rather than short chain fatty acid synthesis contributing to immune activation. A low fibre diet is associated a high body-mass index and chronic systemic inflammation. Germ-free mice show cardiac, pulmonary and liver atrophy. Gut microflora is required for the generation of organ systems. The gut microflora is also required for generation of T-regulatory cells. High fibre intake produces more colonic microbiota diversity and increase in clostridial clusters and fermentation by products like butyrate which suppresses inflammation and increases Tregulatory cells. A low fibre diet produces increase in archaeal growth, methanogenesis, destruction of the mucus lining and leakage of the colonic archaea producing endosymbiotic tissue and blood archaea. This produces an immune hyperreactivity contributing to the modern plagues of civilization- metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia, autism, cancer, autoimmunity and degenerations. The gut microbiota drives human evolution. The humans don’t host the gut microbiota but the gut microbiota host us. The human system forms an elaborate culture laboratory for the propagation and survival of the microbiota. The human system is induced by the microbiota for their survival and growth. The human system exists for the microbiota and not the other way round. The same mechanism holds good in plant systems. Plant started the colonised earth as they started symbiosing with bacteria in the roots systems which can derive nutrients from the soil. Human beings form a mobile culture laboratory for the more effective propagation and survival of the microbiota. The microbiota induces the formation of specialised immune cells called innate lymphoid cells. The innate lymphoid cells will direct the lymphocytes not to attack the beneficial bacteria. Thus the endosymbiotic archaea and the gut archaea induce human, primate and animal evolution to 133
generate structures for them to survive and propagate. The source of endosymbiotic archaea, the third element of life is the colonic archaea that leaks into the tissue spaces and blood systems due to breach in the gut blood barrier. The increase in colonic archaea is due to the starvation of the gut microbiota consequent to a low fibre diet. This results in increase in colonic archaeal growth and destruction of clostridial clusters and bacteroides. The increase colonic archaeal growth in the presence of gut starvation due to low fibre diet eats up the mucus lining and produces breakages in the gut blood barrier. The colonic archaea enters the blood stream and produces endosymbiosis generating endosymbiotic archaea and various new organelle- fructosoids, steroidelle, vitaminocyte, viroidelle, neurotransminoid, porphyrinoids and glycosaminoglycoids.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea and brain evolution The human brain can be considered as a modified archaeaon colony network. The archaeaon are eternal and can last for billions of years. The human brain is basically an information storage system. The archaeaon has got dipolar magnetite and porphyrins and can function as quantal computer. The archaeal colony with its dipolar magnetite and porphyrin in the setting of archaeal digoxin induced membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition can function as a pumped phonon system mediating quantal perception. The archaeaon in the brain is capable of information storage at a point in time and space. The experiences and information stored in the archaeaon is immortal and eternal. The archaeaon can have a wave particle existence and can exist in multiple quantal possible states and can inhabit multiple quantal multiverses. The interaction between information stored in quantal computers in multiple different archaeaon systems all over the universe by the quantal interactions results in eternal existence of information in quantal multiverses. The information in the quantal multiverses can have a particulate existence creating a newer mode by quantal interactions between information stored at multiple points of time. This creates the particulate mythic world of human existence. These are what are called as Samsaras. The mind is uploaded into information in the neuronal archaeal colony network and its quantal computers. The information stored in the archaeal colony network mediated quantal state is eternal and can be considered as a digital version of the brain, a mind downloading technique or whole brain emulation. The archaeal colony network stores the human experiences in an eternal manner and can contribute to biological reincarnation.
134
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, fructose metabolism and Neanderthal metabolonomics The increase in endogenous EDLF, a potent inhibitor of membrane Na+-K+ ATPase, can decrease this enzyme activity. The results showed increased endogenous EDLF synthesis as evidenced by increased HMG CoA reductase activity, which functions as the rate limiting step of the isoprenoid pathway. Studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that EDLF is synthesized by the isoprenoid pathway. The endosymbiotic archaeal sequences in the human genome get expressed by redox stress and osmotic stress of global warming. This results in induction of HIF alpha which will upregulate fructolysis and glycolysis. In the setting of redox stress all glucose gets converted to fructose by the induction of enzymes aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase. Aldose reductase converts glucose to sorbitol and sorbitol dehydrogenase converts sorbitol to fructose. Since fructose is preferentially phosphorylated by ketohexokinases the cell is depleted of ATP and glucose phosphorylation comes to a halt. Fructose becomes the dominant sugar that is metabolized by fructolysis in expressed archaeal particles in the cell functioning as organelle called fructosoids. The fructose is phosphorylated to fructose 1-phosphate which is acted upon by aldolase B which converts
it
into
glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate
and
dihydroxy
acetone
phosphate.
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to D 1,3-biphosphoglycerate which is then converted
to
3-phosphoglycerate.
The
3-phosphoglycerate
is
converted
to
2-
phosphoglycerate. 2-phosphoglycerate is converted to phosphoenol pyruvate by the enzyme enolase. Phosphoenol pyruvate is converted to pyruvate by the enzyme pyruvic kinase. The archaeaon induces HIF alpha which upregulates fructolysis and glycolysis but inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase. The forward metabolism of pyruvate is stopped. The dephosphorylation of phosphoenol pyruvate is inhibited in the setting of pyruvic kinase inhibition. Phosphoenol pyruvate enters the shikimic acid pathway where it is converted to chorismate. The shikimic acid is synthesized by a pathway starting from glyceraldehyde 3phosphate. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate combines with the pentose phosphate pathway metabolite sedoheptulose 7-phosphate which is converted to erythrose 4-phosphate. The pentose phosphate pathway is upregulated in the presence of the suppression of glycolytic pathway. Erythrose 4-phosphate combines with phosphoenol pyruvate to generate shikimic acid. Shikimic acid combines with another molecule of phosphoenol pyruvate to generate chorismate. The chorismate is converted to prephenic acid and then to parahydroxy phenyl pyruvic acid. Parahydroxy phenyl pyruvic acid is converted to tyrosine and tryptophan as well as neuroactive alkaloids. The shikimic acid pathway is structured in expressed archaeaon 135
organelle called the neurotransminoid. The fructolytic intermediates glyceraldehyde 3phosphate and pyruvate are the starting points of the DXP pathway of cholesterol synthesis. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate combines with pyruvate to form 1-deoxy D-xylulose phosphate (DOXP) which is then converted to 2-C methyl erythritol phosphate. 2-C methyl erythritol phosphate can be synthesized from erythrose 4-phosphate a metabolite of the shikimic acid pathway. DXP combines with MEP to form isopentenyl pyrophosphate which is converted to cholesterol. Cholesterol is catabolized by archaeal cholesterol oxidases to generate digoxin. The digoxin sugars digitoxose and rhamnose are synthesized by the upregulated pentose phosphate pathway. Glycolytic suppression leads to upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway. The expressed archaeaon organelle concerned with cholesterol catabolism and digoxin synthesis is called the steroidelle. The suppression of glycolysis and stimulation of fructolysis results in upregulation of the hexosamine pathway. Fructose is converted to fructose 6-phosphate by ketohexokinases. The fructose 6-phosphate is converted to glucosamine 6-phosphate by the action of glutamine fructose 6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT). Glucosamine 6-phosphate is converted to UDP N-acetyl glucosamine which is then converted to N-acetyl glucosamine and various amino sugars. UDP glucose is converted to UDP D-glucuronic acid. UDP D-glucuronic acid is converted to glucuronic acid. This forms the uronic acid synthetic pathway. Uronic acids and hexosamines form repeating units of glycosaminoglycans. In the setting of glycolytic suppression and fructolytic metabolism fructolysis leads to increase synthesis of hexosamines and GAG synthesis. The GAG synthesizing archaeaon particles are called the glycosaminoglycoids. The expressed archaeaon particles are capable of synthesizing antioxidant vitamin C and E. The UDP Dglucose is converted to UDP D-glucuronic acid. UDP D-glucuronic acid is converted to Dglucuronic acid. D-glucuronic acid is converted to L-gulonate by enzyme aldoketo reductases. L-gulonate is converted to L-gulonolactone by lactonase. L-gulonolactone is converted to ascorbic acid by the action of archaeal L-gulo oxidase. The vitamin E is synthesized from shikimate which is converted to tyrosine and then to parahydroxy phenyl pyruvic acid. Parahydroxy phenyl pyruvic acid is converted to homogentisate. Homogentisate is converted to 2-methyl 6-phytyl benzoquinone which is converted to alpha tocopherol. 2methyl 6-phytyl benzoquinone is converted to 2,3-methyl 6-phytyl benzoquinone and gamma tocopherol. Vitamin E can also be synthesized by the DXP pathway. Glyceraldehyde 3phosphate and pyruvate combined to form 1-deoxy D-xylulose 5-phosphate which is converted to 3-isopentenyl pyrophosphate. 3-isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethyl allyl pyrophosphate combined to form 2-methyl 6-phytyl benzoquinone which is converted to 136
tocopherols. The ubiquinone another important membrane antioxidant and part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is synthesized by the shikimic acid pathway and DXP pathway. The isoprenoid moiety of ubiquinone is contributed from the DXP pathway and the rest of it by tyrosine catabolism. The tyrosine is generated by the shikimic acid pathway. The archaeaon particles concerned with the synthesis of vitamin C, vitamin E and ubiquinone which are all antioxidants are called the vitaminocyte.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, fructositis and disease states Global warming induces endosymbiotic archaeal and RNA viroidal growth. The endosymbiotic archaea and the generated RNA viroids induce aldose reductase which converts glucose to sorbitol. The archaeal polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides as well as viroids and viruses can induce aldose reductase. Sorbitol is acted upon by sorbitol dehydrogenase to generate fructose which enters fructolytic pathway. Aldose reductase is also induced by the osmotic stress of global warming and redox stress. Aldose reductase is induced by inflammatory and immune stimulation. Archaeal synthesized endogenous digoxin can produce intracellular redox stress and activate NFKB which produces immune activation. Both redox stress and immune activation can activate aldose reductase which converts glucose to fructose. Hypoxic stress or anaerobic conditions induces HIF alpha which activates ketohexokinase C which phosphorylates fructose. Fructose is acted upon by fructokinase which converts fructose to fructose 1-phosphate. Fructose 1-phosphate is converted to dihydroxy acetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate which is converted to pyruvate, acetyl CoA and citrate. Citrate is used for lipid synthesis. Fat deposition occurs in the visceral organs like the liver, heart and kidney. There is no subcutaneous fat deposit. Fructose metabolism bypasses phosphofructokinase which is inhibited by citrate and ATP. Fructose metabolism is therefore not under the regulatory control of the enzyme phosphofructokinase. Fructose transport and metabolism is not regulated by insulin. Fructose is transported by glut-5 receptor. Fructose does not increase insulin secretion and therefore does not activate lipoprotein lipase. This results in visceral adipogeneis. Fructose induces ChREBP and SREBP elements. This results in increased hepatic lipogenesis by the induction of the enzyme fatty acid synthase, acetyl CoA carboxylase and stearoyl CoA desaturace. This increases fatty acids and cholesterol synthesis. Fructose is a lipophilic carbohydrate. Fructose can be converted to glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acids involved in triglyceride synthesis. Fructose administration leads to increase in triglycerides and VLDL. Fructose consumption leads to insulin resistance, fat accumulation 137
in visceral organs like liver, heart and kidney, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia with increased triglycerides, VLDL and LDL as well as the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome x can be considered as a fructolytic syndrome. Fructose will increase lipid storage and promote insulin resistance. Fructose can fructosylate proteins producing dysfunction. Fructose has no effect upon ghrelin and leptin in the brain and can lead to increased feeding behaviour. Glucose decreases ghrelin and increases leptin levels. This leads to suppression of appetite. Thus fructose can modulate eating behaviour leading onto obesity. Fructose results in NFKB activation and TNF alpha secretion. TNF alpha can modulate the insulin receptor producing insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome x. Fructose can also lead to leptin resistance and obesity. There is an epidemic of metabolic syndrome x in relation to global warming.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, fructose metabolism, dysautonomia and civilizational disease Fructose can activate the sympathetic nervous system. This leads to hypertension and increase in heart rate. Fructose is involved in left ventricular hypertrophy, increase in left ventricular mass and decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction in hypertension. Fructose suppresses the parasympathetic nervous system. Fructose acts as a key inducer for uncontrolled proliferation and hypertrophy of the cardiac musculature consequent to hypertension. The heart uses beta oxidation of fatty acids to generate energy. In the setting of anaerobic glycolysis consequent to myocardial infarction and hypertensive hypertrophy of the heart, there is induction of HIF alpha. This produces increase in ketohexokinase C in the heart which phosphorylates fructose. Ketohexokinase C is a predominant liver enzyme as fructose metabolism is primarily focused in the liver. In the setting of anaerobic glycolysis ketohexokinase C is also produced in the brain and the heart. Ketohexokinase A is the predominant enzyme in the heart and brain. In the setting of anaerobic glycolysis ketohexokinase A which preferentially metabolizes glucose is converted to ketohexokinase C metabolizing fructose by the mechanism of RNA splicing. Anaerobic conditions can induce HIF alpha which activates the splicing factor SF3B1. Thus HIF alpha induced by glycolysis induces SF3B1 which induces ketohexokinase C producing fructolysis in the heart. The fructose is converted to lipids, glycogen and glycosaminoglycans in the heart producing cardiac hypertrophy. Fructose metabolism is not under regulatory control of the key enzyme phosphofructokinase by citrate and ATP. The fructolytic pathway functions as a rogue pathway not under any regulatory control. Fructose is a key contributor. The sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic blockade consequent to fructose can produce immune 138
activation. The sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic blockade can lead to dysregulation of the nervous system.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, fructose metabolism and immune activation Fructose can activate NFKB and tumour necrosis factor alpha. The vagal blockade produced by fructose also leads to increase in immune activation. Fructose can inhibit neutrophilic phagocytosis. Increased fructose ingestion can lead to immune activation and respiratory diseases like chronic bronchitis, COPD and bronchial asthma as well as interstitial lung disease. This immune activation induced by fructose is called as fructositis. Fructosylated proteins can serve as autoantigens. Fructosylated proteins can bind to RAGE receptors producing immune activation. Global warming induced fructose disease is the basis of the epidemic of autoimmune disease rising with the global warming.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, fructolysis and neanderthalisation Fructose increases flux through the pentose phosphate pathway. This increases the availability of hexose sugars like ribose for nucleic acid synthesis. This increases DNA synthesis. There is also consequent increase in protein synthesis. The tumour cells can slurp up fructose. Tumour cells utilise fructose for proliferation. The fetal cells like tumour cells also utilize fructose for proliferation. Fructose can promote metastatic deposits. The tumour cells use fructose differently from glucose. Cancer cells utilize fructose to support proliferation and metastasis. Fructose increases nucleic acid synthesis. Fructose can help the cancer cells to grow fast by inducing the transketolase enzyme and the pentose phosphate pathway. Fructose administration increases redox stress, DNA damage and cell inflammation all contributing to oncogenesis. Fructose is the most abundant sugar in the fetal tissues and is important in the development of fetus by promoting cell proliferation. Fructose is 20-times more concentrated in the fetal blood than glucose. Sperm cells and ova also use fructose for metabolism and energy. Thus all rapidly proliferating cells- cancer cells, fetal cells and reproductive cells depends upon fructolysis. Fructose is the principal diet of the cancer cells. Global warming and archaeal growth results in HIF alpha induction. HIF alpha induces tumour growth. HIF alpha also increases glycolysis. But archaeal induced HIF alpha also induces aldose reductase which converts glucose to fructose and metabolism proceeds along the fructolytic pathway. Fructosylation of glycolytic enzymes brings glycolysis to a halt. Fructosylation of mitochondrial PT pore hexokinase can result in PT pore dysfunction and 139
cell proliferation. The fructolytic pathway is the principal energetic pathway for rapidly proliferating cancer cells, fetal cells and stem cells. The global warming will induce the Warburg phenotype of the fructolytic variety. This leads to an epidemic of cancer. There is an epidemic of cancer in relation to global warming. The fructolytic pathway can lead to increased DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis due to flux via the pentose phosphate pathway. The fructolytic pathway can be directed to the GABA shunt generating succinyl CoA and glycine. These are substrates for porphyrin templates to form RNA viroids. The archaeal induced redox stress can induce endogenous HERV expression and reverse transcriptase expression. The RNA viroids are converted by HERV reverse transcriptase to corresponding DNA and integrated into the genome by HERV integrase. The integrated RNA viroid related DNA can function as jumping genes producing genomic plasticity and genomic change. Fructose as said before induces the thiamine dependent transketolase flux. It increases both the oxidative and non oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. This increases nucleic acids and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Fructose is converted to fructose 1-phosphate which is acted upon by aldolase B converting it into glyceraldehyde and dihydroxy acetone phosphate. Glyceraldehyde is converted glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by triokinase. DHAP can be converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate can be converted to pyruvate. This pyruvate can be channeled to gluconeogenesis and glycogen storage by the action of the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase. This results in the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to pyruvate and via pyruvate carboxylase to glucose 1-phosphate. Glucose 1-phosphate is converted to glycogen polymers. Thus fructolysis results in glycogen storage. The pyruvate that is generated by fructolysis is converted to glutamate which can enter the GABA shunt pathway. The GABA shunt pathway generates glycine and succinyl CoA which are substrates for ALA synthesis. Thus fructolysis stimulates porphyrin synthesis. The porphyrins can self-organise to form supramolecular arrays called porphyrions. Porphyrions can self-replicate by using other porphyrions as templates. Porphyrions can have energetic and ATP synthesis by electron or photon transport. Porphyrions are dipolar molecules and in the setting of digoxin induced membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition can generate a pumped phonon system induced quantal state and quantal perception. They can function as quantal computers with information storage. The porphyrions are basic self-replicating living structures. The porphyrins can act as a template for the formation RNA, DNA and proteins. The RNA viroids, the DNA viroids and proteins generated by abiogenesis on porphyrin templates can self-organise to form primitive 140
archaea. The archaea are thus capable of abiogenic replication on porphyrin templates. The archaea can induce HIF alpha and further aldose reductase induction promoting fructolysis.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, fructolysis and brain neanderthalisation Fructose is an addictive substance. Fructose affects the hedonic centres in the brain concerned with pleasure and reward. In the addiction scale fructose is more addictive then cocaine and cannabis. Fructose decreases BDNF. Low BDNF produces changes in the brain resulting in schizophrenia and depression. Fructose can also produce chronic inflammation involved in schizophrenia. The fructolytic pathway is important in the genesis of psychiatric disorders. The increased fructolysis can lead to fructosylation of lipoproteins especially apoprotein E and apoprotein B. Apo B can undergo lysine fructosylation leading to defective LDL and cholesterol uptake by the brain. This results in autism and schizophrenia. Fructolysis leads to cholesterol depletion of the brain. Cholesterol is required for the formation of synaptic connections and cerebral cortex. This leads to cerebral cortical atrophy and cerebellar dominance in the presence of cholesterol depletion. This can contribute to the genesis of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome, the basis of schizophrenia and autism. There is an epidemic of schizophrenia and autism correlating with global warming. Fructosylation of LDL and brain cholesterol depletion can lead to dysfunction in synaptic transport. There is more release of glutamate into the synaptic from the presynaptic neuron consequent to a presynaptic neuron membrane dysfunction as a result of cholesterol depletion. This contributes to glutamate excitotoxicity. Glutame excitotoxicity can contribute to neuronal degeneration. Fructose can also produce zinc deficiency. Increased fructose intake produces zinc depletion leading to defective formation of metallothionines leading to defective heavy metal excretion. This leads to mercury, cadmium and aluminium toxicity in the brain leading to psychiatric disorders like autism and degenerations like Alzheimer’s disease. Zinc deficiency consequent to fructose excess can lead to copper excess. The zinc containing neurons in the cerebral cortex are called the gluzinergic neurons. The cerebral cortex especially the prefrontal cortex will atrophy producing cerebellar and brain stem dominance. Copper is required for the dominance of subcortical cognitive structures. Fructose ingestion can also lead to calcium deficiency which can produce defective calcium signaling. Fructose ingestion leads to fructolysis and the generation of reactive species 3deoxyglucosone important in mallard reachion and fructosylation of neuronal proteins leading to their defective function. Neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative 141
disorders can be described as fructose diseases. Topiramate a fructose analogue is used to treat motor neuron disease. Fructose biphosphate aldolase B mutation has been seen in schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and depression. 6-phosphofructo 2-kinase and fructose 2,6biphosphotase abnormalities have been seen in schizophrenia. Fructose metabolism abnormalities have been noted in schizophrenia, manic depressive psychosis and autism. Fructose inhibits brain plasticity. Fructose inhibits the ability of neurons to communicate with each other. The wiring and rewiring of neurons is inhibited. Fructose leads to a neuronal disconnection syndrome.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, connective tissue metabolism and Neanderthal metabolonomics Fructose can increase flux via the pentose phosphate pathway and hexosamine pathway leading to glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Glycosaminoglycan accumulation in the tissues can produce mucopolysaccharidosis and fibrosis. Increased heparan sulphate accumulation in the brain leads to formation of amyloids plaques and Alzheimer’s disease. Connective tissue accumulation in the lung leads to interstitial lung disease; in the kidneys it produces tubular atrophy and a chronic renal failure similar to meso-American nephropathy. Connective tissue accumulation in the heart can lead to a restrictive cardiomyopathy. Accumulation of GAG especially hyaluronic acid in bones and joints leads to osteoarthritis and spondylosis. GAG accumulation in the endocrine organs can produce thyroid dysfunction resulting in MNG and thyroiditis, pancreatic dysfunction producing chronic calcific pancreatitis and adrenal dysfunction producing hypoadrenalism. Accumulation of GAG in the vascular tissues can result in mucoid angiopathy contributing to coronary artery disease and stroke. The accumulation of lipids due to the fructolytic pathway along with glycosaminoglycans can lead to fatty liver. This can later lead onto cirrhosis of the liver. Fructose is the principal culprit for fatty liver and cirrhosis. The glycine synthesized from the fructolytic intermediate phosphoglycerate can play a role inhibiting fatty liver. There is an epidemic of chronic renal failure due to tubular fibrosis, mucoid angiopathic vascular diseases, cardiomyopathy, multiple endocrine failures, cirrhosis of the liver, interstitial lung disease, degenerative bone and joint diseases and degenerative brain disease like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease as a consequence of global warming.
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Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, amyloidogenesis and neanderthalisation The increasing growth of archaea results in increased secretion of archaeal RNA viroids. They can interrupt mRNA function and dysregulates cell metabolism. This is by the mechanism of mRNA blockade. The viroidal RNA can combine with proteins generating prion proteins. This produces a protein conformation defect. This produces a prion protein disease.
Abnormal
protein
conformation
of
beta
amyloid,
alpha
synuclein,
ribonucleoproteins, islet associated amyloid polypeptide and tumour suppressor protein can lead to an epidemic of Alzheimer’s disease due to beta amyloid accumulation, alpha synuclein accumulation producing Parkinson’s disease, prion like ribonucleoproteins producing motor neuron disease, metabolic syndrome x due to defective insulin secretion as a result of IAPP and abnormal prion like tumour suppressor protein producing tumours. These prion diseases induced by archaeal RNA viroids are also transmissible. Thus global warming related fructolysis leads to archaeal induced RNA viroidal mediated prion disease and amyloidosis. This raises the spectacle of a Cassandra syndrome of human extinction.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, fructose metabolism and hibernatory syndrome Fructose is phosphorylated to fructose 1-phosphate by ketohexokinase C or fructokinase. Fructose 1-phosphate is converted to glyceraldehyde which is then converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxy acetone phosphate (DHAP). Fructose 1phosphate is cleaved to DHAP and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. DHAP can enter the glycolytic pathway or can go to gluconeogenetic pathway. DHAP generated from fructose 1phosphate by the action of aldolase B is acted upon by triose phosphate isomerase converting it into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate can be fructolysed to pyruvate and acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA can be used for cholesterol synthesis for storage. The pyruvate generated from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate can be converted to the citrate which can be used for fatty acid synthesis by the action of enzymes acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and malonate dehydrogenase. Glyceraldehyde is acted upon by alcohol dehydrogenase which converts it into glycerol. Glycerol is acted upon by glycerolkinase converting it into glycerol phosphate used for phosphoglyceride and triglyceride synthesis. Glyceraldehyde can also be acted upon by triokinase converting it into glyceraldehyde 3phosphate which is then converted to DHAP by triose phosphate isomerase. Glyceral phosphate and dihydroxy acetone phosphate are interconvertible by the action of the enzyme 143
glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase. Glycerol and fatty acids generated by fructolysis contribute to lipid synthesis and fat is stored. Fructose does not increase insulin secretion and doesn’t need insulin for transport into the cell. Fructose is transported by the fructose transporter GLUT-5. Ketohexokinase C is exclusively seen in the liver which is the principal site of fructose metabolism. In the presence of hypoxia and anaerobic states, there is induction of HIF alpha which can induce ketohexokinase C or fructokinase in the liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, brain and heart. Fructose 1-phosphate by-passes the enzyme phosphofructokinase which is the key regulatory enzyme the glycolytic pathway. Phosphofructokinase is inhibited by ATP and citrate. Thus stress induced fructolysis is an unregulated pathway not amenable to metabolic switches. Fructose does not depend upon insulin for its transport and fructolysis. Therefore fructolysis is not under insulin or endocrine control. It is an unregulated pathway. The phosphorylation of fructose depletes the cell of ATP. Ketohexokinases preferentially phosphorylate fructose over glucose if it is available. In the presence of redox stress, osmotic stress and archaea/viroids aldose reductase is induced converting all the glucose to fructose. Glycolytic pathway comes to a halt as no ATP is available for phosphorylation of glucose and glucose as such gets converted to fructose. The fructose phosphorylation depletes the cell of ATP. ATP is converted to ADP and AMP which is deaminated to produce uric acid. Fructose increases flux in the pentose phosphate pathway increasing nucleic acid synthesis. Purine degradation results in hyperuricemia. Thus fructolysis results in increase in uric acid accumulation in the body. Uric acid will suppress the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as well as produce endothelial dysfunction. The depletion of ATP by fructose phosphorylation results in membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition. This results in reduced energy needs of the cell as 80% of the ATP generated by metabolism is used for maintaining the sodium potassium pump. This results in membrane ATPase inhibition generated hibernatory state. The glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generated by fructolysis can be converted to the pyruvate and acetyl CoA used for cholesterol synthesis. The cholesterol that is synthesized is used for digoxin synthesis. Digoxin also has got aglycone part which contains sugars like digitoxose and rhamnose. Digitoxose and rhamnose are generated by the fructose induced flux and upgradation of the pentose phosphate pathway. Thus fructolysis results in a hyperdigoxinemic state and membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition. This results in cell protection and hibernation.
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Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, fructose metabolism, digoxin synthesis and neanderthalisation Fructose produces flux along the pentose phosphate pathway and hexosamine pathway. This results in GAG and nucleic acid synthesis. Fructose is converted to fructose 1phosphate which is then converted to ribulose 5-phosphate. Ribulose 5-phosphate is acted upon by an isomerase converting it into xylulose 5-phosphate and ribose 5-phosphate. Xylulose 5-phosphate and ribose 5-phosphate interact to produce glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate which is then converted to fructose 6-phosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate. The pentose phosphate pathway generates ribose for nucleic acid synthesis. The pathway also generates hexosamines for GAG synthesis. The pentose phosphate pathway also produces digitoxose and rhamnose for digoxin synthesis. The global warming results in endosymbiotic archaeal growth. Archaea can induce aldose reductase which converts glucose to fructose. Fructolysis promotes flux along the pentose phosphate pathway generating nucleic acids and glycosaminoglycans. Fructolysis also generates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and further pyruvate. The pyruvate can enter the pyruvate carboxylase scheme generating gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis. Thus fructolysis can produce glycogen storage. Pyruvate can be converted to citrate for lipid synthesis. Pyruvate can also be converted to acetyl CoA for cholesterol synthesis. The flux along the pentose phosphate pathway generates the digoxin sugars, digitoxose and rhamnose. Cholesterol can be converted to digoxin producing a hyperdigoxinemic state. Digoxin produces membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition. The selective phosphorylation of fructose by fructokinase depletes the cell of ATP producing membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition. This results in the generation of a hibernatory state. The fructolysis generated pyruvate can get converted to glutamate which can enter the GABA shunt pathway producing succinyl CoA and glycine for porphyrin synthesis. Porphyrins can form self replicating porphyrions or act as a template for the formation of RNA viroids, DNA viroids and prions which can symbiose to form archaea. Thus the archaea are capable of self replicating on porphyrin templates. The fructolysis thus produces a hibernatory syndrome with fat, glycogen and nucleic acid synthesis and storage. Fructolysis results in the generation of a hibernatory species, the homo neanderthalis. The fructolysis generated membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition results in cell hibernation and ATP sparing. The lack of ATP and digoxin induced membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition results in cortical inhibition and cerebellar dominance. This produces a somnolent state and a cerebellar 145
cognitive affective disorder. The porphyrions generated by fructolysis produces quantal perception and cerebellar dominance. The storage of glycogen, fat and GAG results in obesity. The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome results in a hypersexual state. The fructolysis and fructose can activate NFKB producing immune activation. The fructosylation of glycolytic and mitochondrial proteins suppresses the body’s normal energetic which depends upon glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Fructosylation of proteins results in blockade of glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The body’s energy needs are produced by fructolysis, porphyrin array mediated electron transport chain and ATP synthesis as well as membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition relation ATP synthesis. This produces a new species by archaeal symbiosis consequent to global warming- the homo neanderthalis. This can be called as the tropical hibernatory syndrome consequent to global warming.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, fructolysis and zombie syndrome – relation to neanderthalisation This can be called also as a fructose disease. Endosymbiotic archaea and viroids induce aldose reductase and converts body glucose to fructose leading to preferential fructose phosphorylation by ketohexokinase C. Fructolysis results in fructose 1-phosphate being acted upon by aldolase B resulting in the formation of glyceraldehyde and dihydroxy acetone phosphate. Glyceraldehyde can be converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and this contributes to pyruvate formation. Pyruvate enters the GABA shunt resulting in the formation of succinyl CoA and glycine. They are substrates for porphyrin synthesis and porphyrion formation. The porphyrins form a template for the formation of RNA viroids, DNA viroids, prions, isoprenoids and polysaccharides. They can symbiose together to form primitive archaea. The archaea can further induce HIF alpha, aldose reductase and fructolysis resulting in further porphyrinogenesis and archaeal self-replication. The archaea by methanogenesis contributes to global warming which leads to further archaeal growth and a vicious cycle with no regulatory switches. The fructolytic pathway induced by archaea by-passes regulatory enzyme phosphofructokinase and is practically unregulated. Fructolytic pathway contributes to glycogen, lipids, cholesterol, hexose sugars and mucopolysaccharides synthesis and storage. This leads on to a hibernatory state and archaeal symbiosis induced species change resulting in neanderthalisation of the homo sapien species. The digoxin and fructose phosphorylation induced ATP depletion leads to membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition, sparing of ATP and tissue hibernation as most of the energy needs of the body are 146
for the working of the sodium potassium pump. The cholesterol that is synthesized by fructolysis is catabolized cholesterol oxidases for archaeal energetics. Archaea also derives its energy from a primitive form of electron transport chain functioning in self replicating porphyrin arrays. The archaeal digoxin induced sodium potassium ATPase inhibition can lead to membrane ATP synthesis. The archaea and the new human species phenotype derive its energy from the above mentioned mechanism. The glycolytic enzymes and the mitochondrial PT pore hexokinase are fructosylated making them dysfunction. The fructosylated glycolytic enzymes lead to generation of antiglycolytic enzyme antibodies and disease states. The human body’s principal method of energetics tissue glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation comes to a grinding halt. The human body is taken over by the overgrowth of endosymbiotic archaea and assumes hibernatory state with accumulation of glycogen, lipids, mucopolysaccharides and nucleic acids. The catabolic pathways for energy generation related to glucose, glycolysis and oxphos scheme stops. The human body can depend upon ketogenesis from fat and proteins. The upregulated fructolytic pathway generates phosphoglycerate which converted to phosphoserine and glycine. They can be converted to other amino acids and used for ketogenesis. The body assumes a high BMI index and obesity with visceral fat storage and adiposity akin to the Neanderthal metabolic phenotype. Digoxin induced membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition results in cortical dysfunction. The brain porphyrins can form a quantal pumped phonon system resulting in quantal perception and low level EMF absorption. This leads to prefrontal cortex atrophy and cerebellar dominance. Fructose itself leads to sympathetic hyperactivity and parasympathetic blockade. This leads onto a functional form of cerebellar cognition and quantal perception resulting in a new brain phenotype. The cerebellar cognitive syndrome leads to a robotic human phenotype. The phenotype is impulsive, has extrasensory perception and has less of speech production. Communication is by symbolic acts. The cerebellar phenotype doesn’t have a cortical control and contributes to surrealistic behavior patterns. This produces impulsive behavior and an epidemic of surrealism where the rational prefrontal cortex becomes extinct. This leads to extremes of spirituality, violent and terroristic behavior and hypersexual states contributing to a state of transcendence underlined and reinforced by quantal perception. Cerebellar phenotype owing to its quantal perception behaves as a community and not as an individual. This creates new social and psychological phenotypes. Fructose induces NFKB and immune activation. This results in an immune activatory phenotype. Cultured T-reg cells on high fructose diet have 62% less IL-40 secretion than controls. This results in a hyperimmune state with fructosylated proteins acting as antigens. The fructolytic pathway can lead to increased 147
DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis due to flux via the pentose phosphate pathway. The fructolytic pathway can be directed to the GABA shunt generating succinyl CoA and glycine. These are substrates for porphyrin templates to form RNA viroids. The archaeal induced redox stress can induce endogenous HERV expression and reverse transcriptase expression. The RNA viroids are converted by HERV reverse transcriptase to corresponding DNA and integrated into the genome by HERV integrase. The integrated RNA viroid related DNA can function as jumping genes producing genomic plasticity and genomic change. This produces a new genotype. Fructosylation of body proteins and enzymes results in a protein processing defect resulting in loss of protein function. The human cell function due to protein fructosylation, protein processing defects and protein conformational defects comes to a grinding halt. Fructolytic pathway generates porphyrin arrays induced ATP production, membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition induced ATP synthesis and fructolysis induced ATP generation. This provides energy for porphyrin template induced archaeal replication. The digoxin and fructose phosphorylation induced ATP depletion produces cell membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition and a hibernatory state. This leads onto a somnolent sleepy state. The cholesterol catabolism by cholesterol oxidases for archaeal energetics leads to defective sex hormone synthesis. This leads onto an asexual androgynous state. The cerebellar cognitive syndrome due to prefrontal cortical atrophy consequent to porphyrion induced low level EMF perception produces a hypersexual state. This results in male-female equidominance and changes in sexual behavior of the population. Thus the fructose disease consequent to global warming results in a new neuronal, immune, metabolic, sexual and social phenotype. The human body is converted to a zombie for the global warming related endosymbiotic archaea to thrive. The neuronal, metabolic, sexual and social phenotype creates the necessary environment endosymbiotic archaeal multiplication and the human body is converted to a zombie phenotype. This can be called as a hibernatory zombie syndrome. Due to the new sexual and social phenotype with asexuality and hypersexuality and female-male equidominance the human population falls. The global warming and archaeal induction of HIF alpha resulting in the Warburg phenotype leads to changes in the metabolic scheme of the cells producing body cell transformation to stem cells. The stem cells depend upon glycolysis or fructolysis for energy needs. The Warburg phenotype produces an acidic pH which can result in conversion of body cells to stem cells. The stem cells conversion results in loss of tissue function. The cerebral cortex synaptic connectivity is lost and becomes dysfunction leading to subcortical cerebellar dominance. The immune stem cells proliferate producing an autoimmune disease. The various tissue cells the specialized 148
function like neuron, nephron and muscle cell all because of stem cell conversion becomes dysfunctional. This produces a stem cell syndrome with human somatic cells being converted to stem cells with loss of function and uncontrolled proliferation. The fructosylation of proteins results in protein function defects. The fructosylation of LDL results in defective cholesterol transport to the cells. This results in steroidal hormone synthesis defects. Cholesterol is required for formation of synaptic connectivity and this leads to cerebral cortical dysfunction. The hemoglobin becomes fructosylated and oxygen transport is affected. This leads to hypoxia and anaerobic states. The hypoxia and anaerobic states induces HIF alpha and the Warburg fructolytic phenotype. The HIF alpha also induces aldose reductase converting glucose to fructose and inducing the fructolytic scheme. The fructolysis induced GABA shunt pathway and porphyrin synthesis results in further archaeal porphyrin template related replication. This results in further archaeal induced fructolysis and the vicious irreversible cycle proceeds. The uncontrolled growth of archaea leads to still further global warming. The world of endosymbiotic eternal archaea takes over and persists during the extremophilic climatic changes of global warming. The human beings exist as neanderthalic zombies serving archaeal multiplication. The homo sapiens gets converted to a new phenotype, genotype, immunotype, metabolonomic type and brain type. This is called as hibernatory zombie related to global warming- homo neoneanderthalis.
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Table 1. Fructose metabolism and neanderthalisation Group Normal Sy X CAD CVA DCM/EMF Tumour Schizo Autism AD PD MS Lupus CRF ILD COPD BA Cirrhosis IBD MAO IBS PUD EMF CCP MNG Muc ANG DBJD Spondylosis F value p value
Serum fructose Mean ± SD 2.50 0.195 21.20 5.201 31.40 3.212 29.98 4.002 32.04 4.955 27.94 3.732 31.14 4.446 28.66 5.089 33.13 2.754 30.24 4.551 29.88 5.150 33.11 4.509 30.24 3.209 32.04 5.295 26.68 4.266 33.59 3.938 32.53 6.737 31.75 5.236 31.53 4.507 29.90 4.299 32.49 6.487 30.79 4.740 31.16 3.635 32.24 5.864 30.40 6.405 33.06 5.970 32.70 4.430 17.373 < 0.01
Serum fructokinase Mean ± SD 8.5 0.405 18.91 2.942 21.18 2.267 24.96 3.829 21.37 2.050 22.29 1.237 22.19 2.634 24.09 2.146 19.87 1.646 22.72 1.955 22.29 1.641 20.24 1.639 22.52 3.196 22.37 1.585 21.78 2.253 22.45 2.472 23.00 1.722 21.89 2.292 22.07 2.324 22.52 1.995 21.89 3.431 21.47 3.056 22.42 3.126 20.46 2.864 23.30 4.089 22.42 3.714 21.92 1.840 13.973 < 0.01
Aldolase B
Total GAG
Mean ± SD 3.50 1.304 8.01 1.244 9.02 0.667 11.72 1.397 10.89 1.344 9.46 1.386 11.63 3.081 12.30 1.621 11.37 1.406 11.93 2.999 10.87 1.895 11.59 0.767 11.76 1.596 11.84 0.963 10.62 1.703 11.30 0.783 10.49 1.373 11.63 1.304 11.32 1.343 10.93 1.498 10.85 1.606 11.65 1.427 10.49 1.476 9.82 1.135 11.08 1.360 11.21 1.660 14.10 2.423 13.903 < 0.01
Mean ± SD 3.50 0.707 18.46 4.623 21.41 1.653 21.65 2.755 20.12 2.855 20.89 1.651 21.50 1.714 22.60 3.054 22.97 3.662 20.13 1.507 23.47 2.878 20.62 3.504 20.55 2.164 21.49 1.544 22.84 2.965 23.50 3.225 20.57 1.878 22.46 4.030 23.89 2.936 22.09 2.797 25.27 3.693 20.54 2.192 17.94 2.276 21.42 2.662 22.16 3.543 17.76 3.556 26.80 3.679 21.081 < 0.01
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Table 2. Nucleotide catabolism and neanderthalisation Group Normal Sy X CAD CVA DCM/EMF Tumour Schizo Autism AD PD MS Lupus CRF ILD COPD BA Cirrhosis IBD MAO IBS PUD EMF CCP MNG Muc ANG DBJD Spondylosis F value p value
Total TG Mean ± SD 124.00 3.688 262.40 32.790 252.44 35.388 297.64 36.410 302.00 25.166 277.60 34.613 244.00 31.383 284.30 19.743 244.70 22.106 284.30 19.945 289.89 23.406 294.00 39.903 272.10 31.057 292.10 26.337 306.40 24.419 293.80 31.555 271.80 37.818 287.50 20.414 316.20 31.283 279.10 27.606 285.70 22.628 270.10 28.792 293.00 28.111 262.70 30.324 275.40 30.351 282.60 27.573 295.30 16.600 16.378 < 0.01
Serum ATP levels Mean ± SD 2.50 0.405 0.82 0.143 0.85 0.085 0.79 0.081 0.77 0.151 0.80 0.136 0.72 0.102 0.87 0.072 0.82 0.121 0.83 0.090 0.74 0.115 0.78 0.161 0.86 0.101 0.78 0.135 0.74 0.136 0.72 0.134 0.79 0.150 0.77 0.102 0.76 0.103 0.77 0.095 0.76 0.126 0.81 0.079 0.78 0.145 0.83 0.091 0.77 0.138 0.79 0.136 0.72 0.108 59.169 < 0.01
Uric acid
Anti-aldolase
Mean ± SD 5.70 0.369 6.21 0.452 9.00 0.485 9.34 1.641 9.26 1.048 7.88 0.847 8.65 0.701 8.14 0.538 8.74 0.687 8.90 0.579 9.59 0.783 8.34 0.712 7.76 0.798 8.40 0.442 9.62 0.952 9.51 1.059 8.12 0.747 9.44 0.924 9.32 0.864 9.68 1.060 9.77 0.957 8.76 0.881 8.30 0.966 8.04 0.667 8.83 0.633 8.28 0.978 10.21 1.310 14.166 < 0.01
Mean ± SD 7.50 1.704 2.20 0.583 2.23 0.567 2.02 0.303 1.41 0.310 1.45 0.415 1.35 0.319 1.35 0.218 1.70 0.361 2.03 0.232 1.80 0.402 1.81 0.691 1.67 0.363 1.72 0.360 1.63 0.440 2.10 0.572 1.67 0.377 1.30 0.223 1.41 0.307 1.44 0.350 1.14 0.134 1.31 0.329 1.31 0.265 1.55 0.493 1.47 0.466 1.89 0.315 1.54 0.377 55.173 < 0.01
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Table 3. Anti-glycolytic antibodies and neanderthalisation Group Normal Sy X CAD CVA DCM/EMF Tumour Schizo Autism AD PD MS Lupus CRF ILD COPD BA Cirrhosis IBD MAO IBS PUD EMF CCP MNG Muc ANG DBJD Spondylosis F value p value
Anti-enolase Mean ± SD 1.50 0.358 0.51 0.185 0.55 0.154 0.66 0.182 0.49 0.197 0.42 0.182 0.40 0.142 0.20 0.060 0.38 0.205 0.42 0.208 0.39 0.124 0.42 0.116 0.55 0.220 0.52 0.202 0.59 0.159 0.36 0.177 0.48 0.273 0.43 0.163 0.44 0.230 0.57 0.242 0.51 0.221 0.42 0.182 0.50 0.149 0.47 0.151 0.36 0.114 0.54 0.211 0.40 0.134 14.091 < 0.01
Antipyruvatekinase Mean ± SD 50.40 5.960 17.04 3.556 16.06 6.811 21.79 4.567 18.68 4.585 19.93 2.421 22.02 11.954 19.27 2.201 18.87 3.899 20.11 3.220 18.93 6.447 18.59 3.721 17.06 3.449 18.80 3.221 18.14 3.500 15.33 3.212 18.60 2.915 17.06 4.366 19.08 3.396 19.99 2.637 20.63 5.116 14.55 3.133 17.82 2.889 17.59 2.469 18.63 3.147 22.48 4.638 19.91 5.099 21.073 < 0.01
Anti-GAPDH Mean ± SD 5.20 0.363 1.73 0.371 1.78 0.349 1.50 0.307 1.54 0.471 1.39 0.253 1.31 0.235 1.20 0.205 1.37 0.305 1.44 0.342 1.78 0.355 1.48 0.258 1.32 0.358 1.41 0.355 1.71 0.509 1.72 0.277 1.52 0.287 1.40 0.298 1.48 0.220 1.39 0.289 1.42 0.329 1.24 0.239 1.44 0.234 1.44 0.270 1.48 0.271 1.33 0.302 1.49 0.282 58.769 < 0.01
References 1. Kurup RK, Kurup PA. Global Warming, Archaea and Viroid Induced Symbiotic Human Evolution and the Fructosoid Organelle. New York: Open Science, 2016.
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CHAPTER 12 THE MODERN NEANDERTHAL CIVILIZATION AND THE CRO-MAGNON NEANDERTHAL CONFLICT - EVIDENCE FROM HUMAN BIOLOGY - ROLE OF DIETARY FIBRE
Introduction Dietary fibre deficiency leads to increased endosymbiotic as well as colonic archaeal growth. The endosymbiotic archaea regulates human functions and species type and depends upon the colonic archaea whose density is determined by the fibre intake. The colonic archaeal population density depends upon dietary fibre intake. Populations with low fibre intake have lesser density of colonic archaeal microflora and endosymbiotic archaea. Endosymbiotic archaea contributes to neanderthalisation of the species. Populations consuming a high saturated fat and protein diet with low fibre intake tend to get increased endosymbiotic archaeal growth and are neanderthalised. Populations with high fibre intake up to 80 g/day tend to have reduced archaeal density in the colon and reduced archaeal endosymbiosis contributing to homo sapienisation of the population. Thus fibre intake regulates the endosymbiotic archaeal density and type of human species. The extremes of climate change produce endosymbiotic archaeal growth. The archaea are cholesterol catabolizing organism. This results in neanderthalisation of the human species. This occurred during the ice age and is possibly a continuing phenomenon during the periods of global warming. The homo neanderthalis are matrilineal and the residual matrilineal societies of the Dravidians, Semites, Basques, Celts and Berbers are neanderthalic. The global warming produces endosymbiotic archaeal growth and neanderthalisation. This produces brain changes with the cerebral cortex becoming dysfunctional and cerebellum becoming dominant. This is due to increased perception of low level EMF by archaeal magnetite. This produces changes in human society, behaviour and disease patterns.1-17 There is a high incidence of autism and Neanderthal anthropometric phenotypes in the Nair community of Kerala. The Nair community is matrilineal and is one of the few functional matriarchies in the world and speaks the Dravidian language with similarities to Celtic, Scythian, Berber and Basque societies. The autistic brain is comparable to the large sized Neanderthal brain. Autistic and matrilineal societies like Nair can be considered as 153
fossilized remnants of the Neanderthal population. Endosymbiotic actinidic archaea using cholesterol as an energy substrate has been described in systemic disease from our laboratory. The autistic and Nair population were studied for actinide dependent cytochrome F420 activity suggestive of endosymbiotic archaeal growth.1-17 This hypothesis was studied by evaluating the endosymbiotic archaeal growth in populations derived from matrilineal societies.
Materials and Methods Three groups, 25 numbers in each group were chosen for the study- the autistic population diagnosed according to DSM criteria, the normal Nair population and the normal non-Nair population. The matrilineal characteristics and Neanderthal anthropometric characteristics of normal Nair and non-Nair population as well as autistic population were studied. The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state before treatment was initiated. The estimations done in the blood samples collected include cytochrome F420 activity, Cytochrome F420 was estimated flourimetrically (excitation wavelength 420 nm and emission wavelength 520 nm). The statistical analysis was done by ANOVA.
Results The results of the study were as follows. The Nair and autistic and civilizational disease group had increased cytochrome F420 activity.
Table 1. Incidence of autism in Nair, autistic and non-Nair population Groups
Autism
Percentage
Nair
68 cases
68
Non-Nair
32 cases
32
Total
100
Table 2. Anthropometric features in Nair, autistic and non-Nair population Neanderthal anthropometric
Total
Percentage
Nair
72 cases
100
72
Non-Nair
21 cases
100
21
Autism
81 cases
100
81
Groups
154
Table 3. Neanderthal metabolonomics Nair
NonNair
Autism
Mean
4.00
0.00
4.00
+ SD
0.00
0.00
0.00
Cytochrome F 420
F value P value 0.001
< 0.001
Discussion Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea and neanderthalisation of species Dietary fibre deficiency leads to increased endosymbiotic as well as colonic archaeal growth. Neanderthalisation is a symbiotic event due to archaeal symbiosis. The Neanderthals had increased symbiotic actinidic archaeal growth. This occurs in extremes of climate like ice age and global warming. The homo neanderthalis evolved from the bonobo primates consequent to this symbiosis. There is increased neanderthalisation of homo sapiens during global warming consequent to increased actinidic archaeal growth. The homo neanderthalis never became extinct but survives as matrilineal societies in the lower Eurasian region. The initial matrilineal neanderthalic civilizations were the Harappan, Sumerian- Akkadian, Assyrian, Etruscan, Minoan, Celtic, Basque, Semitic, Jewish, Arabic, Australian aboriginal civilization. The civilizations are all matrilineal. The initial neanderthalic civilization survives as the lower caste Sudras of India, Dravidians, Australian aboriginals, the Persians, the Semitic Arabs, the Semitic Jews, the Berbers, the Basque, Greeks, Celts and native Americans. The people inhabiting these civilizations are religious, intuitive, feminine, childlike, dreamy, somnolent, communal conscious, primitive socialistic, more sexual groups. The body habitus of these populations are shorter, sloping forehead, recessive chin and more fairer in colour. This is opposed to the Cro-Magnon population in the northern part of Eurasia and Africa. These populations are scientific, logical minded, patriarchal, more adult-like, more wakeful, fascist and less sexual. The neanderthalic populations inhabit the Indian Ocean rim in southern Asia, west Asia as well as in the peri-Mediterranean region. The Neanderthals originated initially from the mythical Lemurian supercontinent in the Indian Ocean. The earthquakes and tsunamis in the Indian Ocean led to the breakage of the supercontinent and migration of Neanderthals to Harappa, Sumeria, Egypt and Basque. The Harappan civilization was predominantly neanderthalic. They are the Asuras described in the Rig veda. Most of the descriptions in the Rig veda pertain to the Asuras with the Rig vedic Gods being predominantly asuric. Sanskrit was possibly the Harappan language. The Devas described in 155
the Rig veda were the Cro-Magnon Aryan invaders. The Rig veda describes continuing conflict between the Asuras and the Devas. Finally the Neanderthalic Harappan Asuras were subdued and conquered. The Cro-Magnonic Aryans who conquered Harappa became the upper caste Hindu elite and the Harappans Asuras became the lower caste Sudras. The CroMagnon Aryans took over the asuric Gods, Vedas and language and made it their own. The Harappan civilization of the Asuras was extremely advanced and the Cro-Magnon Aryans were a primitive nomadic tribe. The Cro-Magnon originated in Africa and migrated to Eurasia. The Cro-Magnon population subdued the neanderthalic population and tried to exterminate them. There was also interbreeding and intermixing between the Cro-Magnon and neanderthalic population. The modern neanderthalic societies are in the peri-Indian ocean area of India, Iran and Semitic Arabs. They also inhabit the peri-Mediterranean area as Semitic Jews, Berbers, Basque and Celts. The predominant African and north European population is Cro-Magnon.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea and Neanderthal–Cro-Magnon conflict There is an eternal conflict between Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon. The Cro-Magnon tried to exterminate the Neanderthals but they survived as the Jews, Arabs, the lower caste Indians, aboriginals and native Americans. These are the people which the Cro-Magnon excluded from society. The underclass of Indian and European civilization was neanderthalic. With the advent of global warming an increasing archaeal symbiosis the neanderthalic population becomes activated and they try to exterminate the Cro-Magnon. The symbiotic archaea generates new viruses which infects the non immune Cro-Magnon and tries to exterminate them. The hot spots of global conflict and terrorism can be localized to neanderthalic areas. The Neanderthals dominate three world religions- Jews, Muslims and Hindus. The Cro-Magnon is predominantly the Africans and the Europeans. They follow the Christian religion. World conflicts are basically between the neanderthalic races and the CroMagnon races. This is exemplified by the Jewish leadership of the Russian and French revolutions with its idea of liberty, equality and fraternity. The neanderthalic ideas basically tried to create an equal society. The Buddhist movement and religion among the religious lower caste of India can be thought of as a neanderthalic uprising against the Aryan CroMagnon domination. The present rumblings in the Muslim Semitic world manifesting as global terrorism is a reflection of the neanderthalic Cro-Magnon conflict. The conflict is basically between the Cro-Magnon ideas of colonisation, capitalism, free market globalization, rightist, fascist, nazi ideas and the neanderthalic ideas of equality, democracy, 156
freedom and socialism. The Cro-Magnic civilization produces increased greenhouse gases leading to increased endosymbiotic archaeal growth. Endosymbiotic archaeal growth is the basis of neanderthalisation. Neanderthalisation is a symbiotic event and not a genetic change. This results in expansion of the existing neanderthalic societies- the Semites, the Dravidians and southern Europeans and extinction of the Cro-Magnon Aryan phenotype. The present neanderthalic areas include south Europe, India, Iran, the Arab peninsula, the Jewish homeland and the Australian aboriginals. The Cro-Magnon areas include Europe and Africa.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea and brain neanderthalisation – cerebellar dominant brain The Neanderthals were cerebellar dominant. The cerebellum is concerned with intuition and extrasensory perceptive phenomena. The Neanderthals were retroviral resistant. The archaea metabolizes cholesterol and generates digoxin which produces membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition and intracellular magnesium deficiency. Magnesium deficiency produces reverse transcriptase inhibition. Digoxin itself modulates RNA editing. The retroviral resistance leads to a deficiency of endogenous retroviral sequences. The endogenous retroviral sequences function as jumping genes required for the dynamicity of synaptic connectivity. Dynamic synaptic connectivity is required for cortical function. The cerebral cortex is dysfunctional in Neanderthals leading to cerebellar dominance. The Neanderthals inhabit a cerebellar world. The neanderthalic population is psychedelic, spiritual, dreamy, more feminine, intuitive, equal and female dominant. They had a communal life. They were hyper sexual and promiscuous. They can be compared to bonobo monkeys. They were matriarchal and female dominant. They are child-like have dreamy sleep, somnolent, altruistic and docile. The neanderthalic population believed in communal living and was of hyper sexual behaviour. The unconscious mind was dominant in Neanderthals. They had precognition and postcognition. They had telepathy and clairvoyance. They could have mediumistic possession and could go into hypnotic regression. They had poltergeist phenomena, group personality, multiple personality, split personality alien abduction phenomena, memory of past life, incubus and succubus. They had a magical civilization of dreams. They were subjective, personal, emotional, irrational and dreamy. They preferred the dark and nights. They had more of autism and schizophrenia. They had more of attention deficit hyperactivity and addiction. They were magical, had dominant art and religion were sexual and believed in things without proof. The belief was intuitive. They had shamanistic and magical consciousness. The Neanderthals were left handed and right 157
hemisphere/cerebellar dominant. They were creatures of the senses and created a spiritual dreamy civilization. They were children of the dark. The self old brain of vampires, troglodytes, demons and the occult belongs to the Neanderthals. The cerebellar dominance and hypertrophy leads to cerebellar dysfunction and ataxia of speech as well as motor movements. Ataxic speech leads to the evolution of music. Ataxia of motor movements leads to abstract art. Thus the Neanderthal brain with its extrasensory perception is extremely artistic. Digoxin and dipolar magnetite in the setting of membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition produces a pumped phonon system modulating quantal perception. Quantal perceptive phenomena are dominant in Neanderthals. This leads to increased extrasensory perception. This also produces a feeling of oneness and equality called the collective unconscious. This produces the socialistic equal Neanderthal society. The Neanderthals were also more spiritual and unconscious dominant. The cortical dysfunction leads to loss of hemispheric differentiation and sexual differentiation. Right hemisphere is predominantly masculine and the left hemisphere feminine. This results in asexual behaviours and cerebellar dominance leads to hypersexuality. The Cro-Magnon population believed in pair bonding and family patterns. They were more violent and aggressive. They were patriarchal and male dominant. They were adult-like and logical. They had rightist and fascist tendencies. They were conservative in their sexual practices. They were conscious, egoistic, wakeful, male dominant, favoured the light, objective, impersonal and cruel. The conscious logical brain dominated. They depended upon proofs, logic were detached, asexual and male dominant. The Cro-Magnon were predominantly left hemisphere dominant and right handed practical people. They created a material civilization. They had a rational consciousness. They were children of the light. The global warming produces endosymbiotic archaeal growth and neanderthalisation of homo sapiens. All these produce a dualistic consciousness. The left wing versus right wing and the conservative versus liberal. It produces a double self and divided self. It results in a Caine and Abel as well as Jekyll and Hyde personality. The Neanderthals had sloping forehead, small jaw, occipital bun and large cranium. They were shorter in height and the body weight was bigger. The brain size of Neanderthals was larger. The second toe of the feet was bigger than the big toe. They had the simian crease. The homo sapiens had a smaller brain and smaller cranium. They were taller.1-17
158
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CHAPTER 13 ENDOSYMBIOTIC PATHOGENIC ARCHAEA AND ARCHAEAL DERIVED RNA VIROIDS INDUCED EVOLUTIONARY SPECIES CHANGE IN HUMANS INTERCONVERSION OF HOMO SAPIENS AND HOMO NEANDERTHALIS METHOD FOR ARCHAEAL SYMBIOSIS MODULATED HUMAN EVOLUTION FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSE - ROLE OF DIETARY FIBRE
Introduction The endosymbiotic archaea regulates human functions and species type and depends upon the colonic archaea whose density is determined by the fibre intake. The colonic archaeal population density depends upon dietary fibre intake. Populations with low fibre intake have lesser density of colonic archaeal microflora and endosymbiotic archaea. Endosymbiotic archaea contributes to neanderthalisation of the species. Populations consuming a high saturated fat and protein diet with low fibre intake tend to get increased endosymbiotic archaeal growth and are neanderthalised. Populations with high fibre intake up to 80 g/day tend to have reduced archaeal density in the colon and reduced archaeal endosymbiosis contributing to homo sapienisation of the population. Thus fibre intake regulates the endosymbiotic archaeal density and type of human species. Archaeal symbiosis leads to neanderthalisation of the homo sapien species. This can be described as symbiosis mediated evolution. The homo neoneanderthalis has an increase predilection to metabolic syndrome x, strokes, CAD, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cancer and are retroviral resistant. The homo neanderthalis has different personality and social characteristics with increased creative, gender equal, matriarchal, asexual and alternate sexual, spiritual, intuitive, surrealistic and community centred characteristics. The homo sapien species are resistant to metabolic syndrome x, strokes, CAD, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cancer and are retroviral susceptible. The homo sapien species is less creative, patriarchal, gender unequal, heterosexual, logical and individualistic. Neanderthal metabolonomics is primarily mediated by archaeal metabolonomics and archaeal symbiosis. They have got cholesterol catabolism, the shikimic acid pathway, more of anaerobic glycolysis, increase connective tissue synthesis, fructolysis, nucleic acid synthesis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Homo sapien metabolonomics is primarily aerobic and mitochondrial. The species change is a gut microflora and endosymbiotic flora mediated 160
change which can be termed as induced evolution. Induction of species change between homo sapiens and homo neanderthalis was induced by feeding:- (1) a natural organic probiotic from human colonic flora homo sapiens flora versus neanderthalis flora depending upon phenotypic characteristics. The homo sapien flora can induce conversion of neanderthalis to sapien species and the neanderthalis flora can induce conversion of sapiens to neanderthalis species, (2) a new paleo high fibre, high medium chain triglyceride, high legume protein ketogenic diet versus a high fat high protein diet. The high fibre high MCT high legume protein ketogenic diet converts the neanderthalis to sapien species and a low fibre high protein high fat diet converts the sapien species to neanderthalis species, (3) a natural organic probiotic from dung of the Indian cow, Bos primigenius which converts the neanderthalis to homo sapien phenotype, and (4) a natural antioxidant antibiotics derived from crude extracts Curcuma longa, Moringa pterygosperma, Emblica officinalis, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum and Withania somnifera for modulation of endosymbiotic archaeal growth and endogenous digoxin synthesis resulting in phenotypic metabolonomic and genotypic change in human species from homo sapiens to homo neanderthalis. The colonic and endosymbiotic archaea and other microbes like clostridial clusters determine the species, race, caste, community and personal identity of the individual. The identity of the individualpersonal, community, caste, race, nationality and species is determined by the colonic and endosymbiotic archaeal and clostridial clusters. Predominant archaeal symbiosis produces homo neanderthalis and less prominent archaeal symbiosis and dominant clostridial clusters in the gut produces the homo sapien species. Each individual, race, nationality, caste, creed and community has the endosymbiotic and colonic microbiota signature. This colonic and endosymbiotic microbiota signature is transferable by the change of endosymbiotic and colonic microbiota from one group to another. Thus the evolution and identity based on individuality, race, nationality, caste and creed can be induced. The research work carried out by us over a period of years showed that patients of these disorders mentioned show: 1. Decrease in the activity of a cell membrane based enzyme known as sodium potassium ATPase. An inhibition of sodium potassium ATPase produces increase in intracellular calcium and decrease in intracellular magnesium. 2. Membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition is produced by endogenous digoxin which is synthesized from cholesterol by actinidic archaea which acts as endosymbionts in cell. The archaea synthesizes digoxin from cholesterol. 161
3. Actinidic archaeal growth has been detected in metabolic syndrome x, coronary artery diseases, strokes, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cancer and infections 4. The paleo probiotic from human colonic flora are anti-archaeal agents. The paleo probiotic block the archaeal mevolanate pathway. This decreases digoxin synthesis from cholesterol and treats these chronic disorders.
Detection of endogenous actinidic archaea Endogenous actinidic archaea have been detected in metabolic syndrome x, diabetes mellitus, CAD, stroke, autism, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cancer and infections. The archaea are detected by spectrophotometry for cytochrome F420, the methanogenic cytochrome in the blood. The endogenous actinidic archaea synthesizes cholesterol by the mevalonate pathway. The cholesterol is catabolized to digoxin. Digoxin inhibits membrane sodium potassium ATPase and increases intracellular calcium and depletes magnesium stores in the cell. This leads to metabolic syndrome x, diabetes mellitus, CAD, stroke, autism, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cancer and infections. The synthesis of digoxin can be demonstrated in patients by adding cholesterol substrate and cerium to patient’s serum and checking for the rise in cytochrome F420 activity and digoxin levels. Digoxin levels are assayed by Elisa and cytochrome F420 by spectrophotometry. The test is available in the Metabolic Disorders Centre. The patient in whom endogenous archaea and digoxin synthesis is demonstrated is given nutritional dietary supplements to modulate the effects of archaea and digoxin. This helps to ameliorate the chronic diseases like metabolic syndrome x, diabetes mellitus, CAD, stroke, autism, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cancer and infections. Cytochrome F420 activity in the blood determines the homo neanderthalis species and lack of cytochrome F420 activity in the blood determines the homo sapien species. The homo neoneanderthalis has an increase predilection to metabolic syndrome x, strokes, CAD, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cancer and are retroviral resistant. The homo neanderthalis has different personality and social characteristics with increased creative, gender equal, matriarchal, asexual and alternate sexual, spiritual, intuitive, surrealistic and community centred characteristics. The homo sapien species are resistant to metabolic syndrome x, strokes, CAD, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cancer and are retroviral susceptible. The homo sapien species is less creative, patriarchal, gender unequal, heterosexual, logical and individualistic. 162
Neanderthal metabolonomics is primarily mediated by archaeal metabolonomics and archaeal symbiosis. They have got cholesterol catabolism, the shikimic acid pathway, more of anaerobic glycolysis, increase connective tissue synthesis, fructolysis, nucleic acid synthesis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Homo sapien metabolonomics is primarily aerobic and mitochondrial. The species change is a gut microflora and endosymbiotic flora mediated change which can be termed as induced evolution
Main objectives of the study The gut microflora regulates body functions. The microflora modulates the immune system, the neuronal system and endocrine system. Alteration in the gut microflora as well as endosymbiotic bacteria has been related to human disease and evolution of human species. Increase in archaeal growth has been related to psychiatric disorders, tumours, autoimmune disease, metabolic syndrome and degenerations. The archaea forms a major chunk of the gut microflora. The archaea can leach into the tissue systems forming endosymbionts which can function like cellular organelle and can catabolise cholesterol. The symbiotic archaea can produce a Warburg phenotype and stem cell transformation. This can lead onto human diseases- psychiatric disorders, tumours, autoimmune disease, metabolic syndrome and degenerations. The overgrowth of symbiotic archaea can lead onto change in human species type and create a species with Neanderthal metabolonomics. This disease process leading onto psychiatric disorders, tumours, autoimmune disease, metabolic syndrome and degenerations can be reversed by altering the gut microflora and populating it with non-archaeal phenotypes. This can be done by oral administration of fecal microflora from healthy population. Symbiosis by microorganisms especially archaea drives the evolution of the species. In such a case symbiosis can be modulated by transfer of microflora symbionts and evolution induced. Endosymbiosis by archaea as well as archaeal symbionts in the gut can modulate the genotype, the phenotype, the social class and the racial group of the individual. The symbiotic archaea can have horizontal and vertical transmission. Endosymbiotic archaeal growth leads to neanderthalisation of the species. The inhibition of the endosymbiotic archaeal growth on the other hand leads to evolution of the homo sapiens. Symbiosis mediated evolution depends on the gut flora and the diet. The combination of the human genome and the symbiotic microbial genome is called the hologenome drives human evolution as well as animal evolution. Endosymbiotic archaeal growth and neanderthalisation can lead to autoimmune disease, metabolic syndrome x, neurodegeneration, cancer, autism and schizophrenia. The Neanderthal 163
gut flora and endosymbiotic archaea was determined by the non vegetarian ketogenic high fat high protein diet consumed by them in the Eurasian steppes. The homo sapiens including the classical Aryan tribes and African ate a high fibre diet and had lower archaeal growth both endosymbiotic and gut. The dietary fibre intake determines the microbial diversity of the gut. The high fibre intake is associated with increased generation of short chain fatty acids- butyric acid by the gut flora. Butyrate is a HDAC inhibitor and leads to increased generation and incorporation of endogenous retroviral sequences which function as jumping genes. The high dietary fibre intake related increased genomic HERV sequences leads to a dynamic genome, increased synaptic connectivity and a dominant frontal cortex as seen in homo sapien species. The neanderthalic species consume a ketogenic non vegetarian high fat high protein low fibre diet. This leads to decreased generation of endogenous HERV sequences and reduced genomic flexibility in neanderthalic species. This produces smaller cerebral cortex and a dominant cerebellar cortex in the neanderthalic brain. The homo neanderthalic species by the low dietary fibre intake starve their microbial self. This leads to increased endosymbiotic and gut archaeal growth. The mucous membrane lining the gut becomes thinned out as the gut bacteria eats up the mucous lining of the gut. The reduced generation of gut butyrate consequent to increased archaeal growth also damages the gut blood and blood brain barrier. This results in leakage of endotoxins and archaea from the gut to the blood breaching the barrier and produces a chronic immunostimulatory inflammatory state which forms the basis of autoimmune disease, metabolic syndrome, neurodegeneration, oncogenic and psychiatric disorders. The Neanderthal species eat a low fibre diet and have a deficiency of microbiota accessed carbohydrate generating short chain fatty acid. There is a deficiency of butyrate generated in the gut from the dietary fibre which can produce suppression of the chronic inflammatory process. The Neanderthals have got the fermentation by-product deficiency syndrome. The induction of neanderthalic species depends on the low fibre intake induced high archaeal density endosymbiotic and the gut microflora. The homo sapiens species consume a high fibre diet generating large amounts of short chain fatty acid butyrate which inhibits endosymbiotic and gut archaeal growth. The microbial self of the homo sapien species is more diverse than that of the neanderthalic species and the archaeal population density is less. This results in a protection against chronic inflammation and the induction of diseases like autoimmune disease, metabolic syndrome, neurodegeneration, oncogenic and psychiatric disorders. The homo sapien species have a higher intake of dietary fibre contributing to around 40 g/day and a diverse microbial gut flora with less of archaeal population density. The butyrate generated from dietary fibre produces an immunosuppressive state. Thus the symbiotic microflora with less of archaeal 164
density induces a homo sapien species. This can be demonstrated by experimental induction of evolution. A high fibre high MCT diet as well as antibiotics derived from higher plants and fecal microbiota transfer from sapien species can inhibit the Neanderthal metabolonomics and phenotype and induce the evolution of homo sapiens. A low fibre high fat high protein diet as well as fecal microbiota transfer from the Neanderthal species can produce Neanderthal metabolonomics and phenotype inducing the evolution of homo neanderthalis. Transfer of colonic microflora predominantly archaea and modulation of endosymbiotic archaea by a paleo diet and antibiotics from higher plants can lead to interconversion of human species between homo neanderthalis and homo sapiens.
The hologenome especially the microbial flora
endosymbiotic/gut drives human and animal evolution and can be experimentally induced. Symbiotic microflora drives evolution. Every animal, every human species, different communities, different races and different caste have their signature endosymbiotic and gut microflora which can be transmitted vertically and horizontally. Thus symbiosis drives human and animal evolution.
Methods for species change- Colonic flora probiotic administration from homo sapiens and homo neanderthalis identified by blood cytochrome F420 activity Research work carried out by us over a period of years has shown patients have this disorders or condition show a significant improvement on the natural organic paleo probiotic when endogenous archaeal growth and digoxin synthesis is demonstrated in the patients. Populations are screened for endosymbiotic archaeal activity in the sera by analysis of cytochrome F420 activity. The population that is negative for cytochrome F420 activity is chosen for the collection of the specimen. The blood cytochrome F420 negative population was taken as homo sapien phenotype. The population was fed on a paleo diet of high dietary fibre, high medium chain triglyceride and pulse/legume protein. The normal fecal collection was done from a healthy normal genetically related individual chosen by the patient and the administration of the organic natural probiotic isolated from the genetically related individual was volitional and a patient decision. The permission of the Ethics Committee of the Institute – Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Trivandrum was obtained. The fresh fecal matter from healthy humans was collected. Around 100 g of the organic matter is used in the preparation of the product. 100 g of the organic matter is diluted with normal saline and centrifuged at 2500 rpm. The rough matter forms a deposit and the supernatant is collected. The supernatant is preserved by adding 25 g of trehalose which can preserve the probiotic bacteria. This supernatant with added trehalose is freeze-dried and packed in double gelatin 165
capsules. This capsule can be administered orally. The population with homo sapien characteristics was given fecal colonic flora preparation from neanderthalic phenotypes in the manner described above. The neanderthalic phenotypes were cytochrome F420 positive in their blood. Thus interconversion of species was possible by administration of probiotic from colonic flora of homo sapiens and homo neanderthalis identified by cytochrome F420 activity in blood.
Methods for species change- High fibre diet versus low fibre diet High archaeal growth induces neanderthalisation of human species. Neanderthal metabolonomics leads to chronic diseases like metabolic syndrome x, diabetes mellitus, CAD, stroke, autism, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cancer and infections. The patient in whom endogenous archaea and digoxin synthesis is demonstrated is given high fibre, legume protein and high medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet along with natural antibiotics Curcuma longa, Moringa pterygosperma and Emblica officinalis ketogenic diet to modulate the effects of archaea and digoxin. This helps to convert the Neanderthal phenotype to homo sapien phenotype. Research work carried out by us over a period of years has shown neanderthalised species with civilisational disease as mentioned above show a significant improvement on the following combination when endogenous archaeal growth and digoxin synthesis is inhibited by a high fibre ketogenic diet derived from: (1) Curcuma longa, (2) Emblica officinalis, (3) Powdered Moringa pterygosperma, (4) Whole coconut powder, (5) Powdered black gram, and (6) Powdered dried ash gourd. The individual materials were frozen dried and powdered to get 100-200 micron size. Then they were mixed at a concentration of: (1) 10 g of Curcuma longa – A, (2) 10 g of Emblica officinalis – B, (3) 100 g of whole coconut powder – C, (4) 100 g of dried Moringa pterysperma leaves – D, (5) 100 g of powdered dried black gram – E, and (6) 100 g of powdered dried ash gourd – F. Components A, B, C, D, E and F were mixed to form a packet of 420 g. They were then mixed thoroughly and made into 420 g packet. They were assessed before treatment was started by clinical examination and lab investigations. The duration of the treatment ranged from 6 months to 2 years. We found that in the case tried high fibre, legume protein and high medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet along with natural antibiotics Curcuma longa, Moringa pterygosperma and Emblica officinalis showed significant curative effects. None of the substance used or information used in combination as described above for the purpose described to use have been used before. The consumption of a high fibre diet resulted in conversion of the homo neanderthalis species to homo sapien 166
species. The high fibre diet results in reduction of gut archaeal growth and decreased endosymbiotic archaeal growth. The gut butyrate production is increased and the gut blood barrier and blood brain barrier is strengthened. The homo sapien species when fed a low fibre high fat high protein non-vegetarian diet has increased density of gut archaeal microflora and endosymbiotic archaeal growth. The gut butyrate generation is reduced and the gut blood barrier and blood brain barrier is breached. This leads to increase in endosymbiotic archaea and the homo sapien species gets converted to homo neanderthalis species.
Method of interconversion of human species by administering colonic microflora from cow dung Archaeal symbiosis results in neanderthalisation of human species and civilizational diseases like metabolic syndrome x with diabetes mellitus and vascular disease, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cancer and infections. This invention relates to a formulation which will act as a natural organic paleo probiotic from dung of the Indian cow, Bos primigenius for various diseases which will inhibit archaeal growth and convert homo neanderthalis to homo sapiens. This disease process leading onto psychiatric disorders, tumours, autoimmune disease, metabolic syndrome and degenerations can be reversed by altering the gut microflora and populating it with non-archaeal phenotypes. This can be done by oral or rectal administration of fecal microflora of the Indian cow, Bos primigenius. The cow chosen for the purpose was the Indian cow, Bos primigenius. The Indian cow fed an organic diet of grass and hay was chosen for the purpose. The administration of the organic natural probiotic isolated from the genetically related individual was volitional and a patient decision. The permission of the Ethics Committee of the Institute – Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Trivandrum was obtained. The fresh fecal matter from healthy the Indian cow, Bos primigenius are collected. Around 100 g of the organic matter is used in the preparation of the product. 100 g of the organic matter is diluted with normal saline and centrifuged at 2500 rpm. The rough matter forms a deposit and the supernatant is collected. The supernatant is preserved by adding 25 g of trehalose which can preserve the probiotic bacteria. This supernatant with added trehalose is freeze-dried and packed in double gelatin capsules. This capsule can be administered orally or as a rectal enema. Thus feeding of the colonic microflora from cow dung resulted in conversion of the Neanderthal metabolonomics to homo sapien metabolonomics.
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Method of interconversion of species- antioxidant antibiotics Archaeal symbiosis leads to neanderthalisation of the species with increased incidence of metabolic syndrome x, diabetes mellitus, CAD, stroke, autism, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cancer and infections. The patient in whom endogenous archaea and digoxin synthesis is demonstrated is given natural antioxidant antibiotics derived from crude extracts Curcuma longa, Moringa pterygosperma, Emblica officinalis, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum and Withania somnifera to modulate the effects of archaea and digoxin. This converts the Neanderthal phenotype to homo sapien phenotype. Research work carried out by us over a period of years has shown patients have this disorders or condition show a significant improvement on the following combination when endogenous archaeal growth and digoxin synthesis is demonstrated in the patients:- (1) Curcuma longa, (2) Emblica officinalis, (3) Powdered moringa pterygosperma, (4) Powdered Zingiber officinale, (5) Powdered Allium sativum, and (6) Powdered Withania somnifera root and leaves. The individual materials were frozen dried and powdered to get 100-200 micron size. Then they were mixed at a concentration of: (1) 10 g of Curcuma longa – A, (2) 10 g of Emblica officinalis – B, (3) 10 g of powdered Moringa pterygosperma – C, (4) 10 g of powdered Zingiber officinale – D, (5) 10 g of powdered Allium sativum – E, and (6) 10 g of powdered Withania somnifera root and leaves – F. Components A, B, C, D, E and F were mixed to form a packet of 60 g. They were then mixed thoroughly and made into 60 g packet. They were assessed before treatment was started by clinical examination and lab investigations. The duration of the treatment ranged from 6 months to 2 years. We found that in the case tried natural antioxidant antibiotics derived from crude extracts Curcuma longa, Moringa pterygosperma, Emblica officinalis, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum and Withania somnifera showed significant curative effects. None of the substance used or information used in combination as described above for the purpose described to use have been used before.
Details of the trial Archaeal symbiosis leads to neanderthalisation of the homo sapien species. This can be described as symbiosis mediated evolution. The homo neoneanderthalis has an increase predilection to metabolic syndrome x, strokes, CAD, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cancer and are retroviral resistant. The homo neanderthalis has different personality and social characteristics with increased creative, gender equal, matriarchal, asexual and alternate sexual, spiritual, intuitive, 168
surrealistic and community centred characteristics. Neanderthal metabolonomics is primarily mediated by archaeal metabolonomics and archaeal symbiosis. They have got cholesterol catabolism, the shikimic acid pathway, more of anaerobic glycolysis, increase connective tissue synthesis, fructolysis, nucleic acid synthesis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Self administration of the natural organic paleo probiotic from human colonic flora and cow dung, antioxidant antibiotic and high fibre high MCT diet to neanderthalised phenotype with pathological phenotypes of the following disorders:- (1) Primary generalized epilepsy, (2) Schizophrenia, (3) Parkinson’s disease, (4) Multiple sclerosis, (5) Refractory CNS glioblastomas, (6) Neuronal aging and dementia of the Alzheimer’s type, (7) Down’s syndrome, (8) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, (9) Autism, (10) CAD, (11) Stroke, (12) Diabetes mellitus, and (13) Aging. The patients were assessed before treatment was started clinically and by all required laboratory investigations. The duration of treatment ranged from 6 months to 2 years. Their condition was assessed during treatment and after treatment clinically and using all necessary laboratory investigations. This produced a change in the homo neanderthalis phenotype to homo sapien phenotype. The homo sapien species are resistant to metabolic syndrome x, strokes, CAD, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, cancer and are retroviral susceptible. The homo sapien species is less creative, patriarchal, gender unequal, heterosexual, logical and individualistic. Homo sapien metabolonomics is primarily aerobic and mitochondrial. The species change is a gut microflora and endosymbiotic flora mediated change which can be termed as induced evolution. The feeding of the homo sapien phenotype with a low fibre high fat high protein non-vegetarian diet resulted in increased in archaeal density in the gut microflora and endosymbiotic archaeal growth in the blood as measured by cytochrome F420 activity and neanderthalisation of the homo sapien species. This makes the homo sapien species neanderthalised with a different phenotype, genotype, psychological type and retroviral resistant.
Patient population included in the large scale trial of neanderthalised phenotype These are typical examples of a large number of patients tried in each case. The number of patients included in the trial is as follows. The neanderthalised phenotypes were fed a high fibre, high MCT vegetarian diet, colonic microflora probiotic from blood cytochrome F420 negative homo sapien population, colonic microflora from the Indian cow dung Bos primigenus and antioxidant antibiotic for 6 months showed conversion to homo 169
sapien phenotypes with low blood cytochrome F420 activity and statistically significant disease remission. The psychological characters changed from neanderthalic increased creative, gender equal, matriarchal, asexual and alternate sexual, spiritual, intuitive, surrealistic and community centered characteristics to homo sapien less creative, patriarchal, gender unequal, heterosexual, logical and individualistic. The metabolic phenotype changed from neanderthalic cholesterol catabolism, the shikimic acid pathway, more of anaerobic glycolysis, increase connective tissue synthesis, fructolysis, nucleic acid synthesis and mitochondrial dysfunction phenotype to homo sapien mitochondrial phenotype. 1. Primary generalized epilepsy – 25 patients 2. Schizophrenia – 25 patients 3. Parkinson’s disease – 25 patients 4. Multiple sclerosis – 25 patients 5. Refractory CNS glioblastoma – 15 patients 6. Diabetes mellitus – 50 patients 7. Neuronal aging and dementia of the Alzheimer’s type – 25 patients 8. Down’s syndrome – 15 patients 9. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome – 15 patients 10. Autism – 50 patients 11. CAD – 50 patients 12. Stroke – 50 patients 13. Lupus syndrome – 25 patients Patient population included in the large-scale trial of homo sapien phenotype identified by lower or absent cytochrome F420 activity in blood. They were fed a low fibre, high fat, high protein, non-vegetarian diet for 6 months. This resulted in increase in endosymbiotic and colonic archaeal density and neanderthalisation of the homo sapien phenotype. The homo sapien phenotype given colonic microflora capsules from normal Neanderthal
phenotypes
with
high
cytochrome
F420
activity
also
resulted
in
neanderthalisation of homo sapien phenotype. The psychological characteristics changed from homo sapien less creative, patriarchal, gender unequal, heterosexual, logical and individualistic to neanderthalic increased creative, gender equal, matriarchal, asexual and alternate sexual, spiritual, intuitive, surrealistic and community centered characteristics. The metabolic phenotype changed from homo sapien mitochondrial phenotype to neanderthalic cholesterol catabolism, the shikimic acid pathway, more of anaerobic glycolysis, increase 170
connective tissue synthesis, fructolysis, nucleic acid synthesis and mitochondrial dysfunction phenotype.
Summary A method to induce evolutionary changes in the human species by modulating archaeal symbiosis and interconverting homo sapien to homo neanderthalis and vice versa is described. This is done by a high fibre versus a low fibre diet, administration of antioxidant antibiotic and colonic microflora from human and cow dung. This is a methodology to modulate species interconversion from homo sapien to homo neanderthalis with its attendant changes in psychological, phenotypic and metabolonomic characteristics of the population. This can be called as a therapeutic archaeal symbiotic modulated human evolution.
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CHAPTER 14 ENDOSYMBIOTIC ACTINIDIC ARCHAEA AND VIROIDAL INDUCED WARBURG PHENOTYPE CAN BE REVERSED BY A MODIFIED VEGETARIAN HIGH FIBRE, HIGH MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE KETOGENIC DIET
Introduction Actinidic archaea has been related to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, malignancy, metabolic syndrome x, autoimmune disease and neuronal degeneration. An actinide dependent shadow biosphere of archaea and viroids in the above mentioned disease states is described. The actinidic archaeal and viroid induced Warburg phenotype contributes to the pathology of the disease states mentioned. The possibility of administration of high medium chain triglyceride, high fibre ketogenic diet on actinide based primitive organism like archaea with a mevalonate pathway and cholesterol catabolism was considered in these disease states.1-10 The effect of a high medium chain triglyceride and a high fibre modified vegetarian ketogenic diet on the Warburg phenotype was also studied. The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children. The diet mimics aspects of starvation by forcing the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates. However, if there is very little carbohydrate in the diet, the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies. The ketone bodies pass into the brain and replace glucose as an energy source. An elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood, a state known as ketosis, leads to a reduction in the frequency of epileptic seizures. The ketogenic diet results in adaptive changes to brain energy metabolism that increases the energy reserves; ketone bodies are a more efficient fuel than glucose, and the number of mitochondria is increased. This may help the neurons to remain stable in the face of increased energy demand during a seizure, and may confer a neuroprotective effect.10-15 Dietary fibre and medium chain triglycerides have antiviral and antibacterial effects. A low carbohydrate diet generates lesser glucose for the body and inhibits glycolysis. Dietary fibre generates short chain fatty acids butyrate and propionate which are immunosuppressive. The decrease in cytokines has inhibitory effect on the generation of the Warburg phenotype. The results of the study on the effect of a high fibre, high MCT vegetarian ketogenic diet on the actinidic archaea and viroid induced Warburg phenotype are presented in this paper.10-15 172
Materials and Methods The following groups were included in the study:- endomyocardial fibrosis, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, metabolic syndrome x with cerebrovascular thrombosis and coronary artery disease, schizophrenia, autism, seizure disorder, Creutzfeldt Jakob’s disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. There were 10 patients in each group and each patient had an age and sex matched healthy control selected randomly from the general population. The blood was drawn from the: (1) in freshly diagnosed cases in the fasting state before treatment was initiated, and (2) after a 15-days modified high fibre, high MCT vegetarian ketogenic diet of medium chain triglycerides (150 g of coconut oil), fibre (45 g of banana stem fibre) and vegetable proteins (black gram protein 100 g/day) with 50 g of carbohydrate (black gram polysaccharide). The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state before treatment was initiated. Plasma from fasting heparinised blood was used and the experimental protocol was as follows:- (I) Plasma+phosphate buffered saline, (II) same as I+cholesterol substrate, (III) same as II+rutile 0.1 mg/ml, and (IV) same as II+ciprofloxacine and doxycycline each in a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Cholesterol substrate was prepared as described by Richmond.16 Aliquots were withdrawn at zero time immediately after mixing and after incubation at 37 oC for 1 hour. The following estimations were carried out:- Cytochrome F420, free RNA, free DNA, hexokinase activity and archaeal cholesterol oxidase activity as measured by hydrogen peroxide liberation.17-19 Cytochrome F420 was estimated flourimetrically (excitation wavelength 420 nm and emission wavelength 520 nm). Informed consent of the subjects and the approval of the ethics committee were obtained for the study. The statistical analysis was done by ANOVA.
Results Plasma of control subjects showed increased levels of the above mentioned parameters with after incubation for 1 hour and addition of cholesterol substrate resulted in still further significant increase in these parameters. The plasma of patients showed similar results but the extent of increase was more. The addition of antibiotics to the control plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of rutile increased their levels. The addition of antibiotics to the patient’s plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of rutile increased their levels but the extent of change was more in patient’s sera as compared to controls. The results are expressed in tables 1-5 as percentage change in the parameters after 1 hour incubation as compared to the values at zero time. The patients on 173
modified ketogenic diet showed a decrease in all the parameters. Vegetarian ketogenic diets based on high fibre and high medium chain triglycerides has a inhibitory effect on the growth of archaea and viroids as well as archaeal cholesterol oxidase activity. The vegetarian ketogenic diet with its high fibre and high MCT content reversed the Warburg phenotype has indicated by a reduction in hexokinase activity. Table 1. Effect of rutile, antibiotics and ketogenic diet on cytochrome F420
Group Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism EMF F value P value
CYT F420 % (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.48 0.15 23.24 2.01 23.46 1.87 23.12 2.00 22.12 1.81 22.79 2.13 22.59 1.86 22.29 1.66 22.06 1.61 21.68 1.90 22.70 1.87 306.749 < 0.001
CYT F420 % (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.24 0.66 58.72 7.08 59.27 8.86 56.90 6.94 61.33 9.82 55.90 7.29 57.05 8.45 59.02 7.50 57.81 6.04 57.93 9.64 60.46 8.06 130.054 < 0.001
CYT F420 % (Decrease with Ketogenic diet) Mean + SD 18.25 0.72 59.49 4.30 57.69 5.29 60.91 7.59 59.84 7.62 66.07 3.78 65.77 5.27 65.89 5.05 61.56 4.61 64.48 6.90 65.20 6.20 257.996 < 0.001
Table 2. Effect of rutile, antibiotics and ketogenic diet on free RNA Group Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism EMF F value P value
RNA % change (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.37 0.13 23.59 1.83 23.08 1.87 23.29 1.92 23.29 1.98 23.78 1.20 23.33 1.86 23.32 1.74 23.11 1.52 23.33 1.35 22.29 2.05 427.828 < 0.001
RNA % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.38 0.48 65.69 3.94 65.09 3.48 65.39 3.95 67.46 3.96 66.90 4.10 66.46 3.65 65.67 4.16 66.68 3.97 66.83 3.27 67.03 5.97 654.453 < 0.001
RNA % change (Decrease with Ketogenic diet) Mean + SD 18.15 0.58 57.04 4.27 66.62 4.99 62.86 6.28 65.46 5.79 64.96 5.64 64.51 5.93 64.35 5.58 62.49 7.26 63.84 6.16 58.70 7.34 203.651 < 0.001
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Table 3. Effect of rutile, antibiotics and ketogenic diet on DNA Group Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism EMF F value P value
DNA % change (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.37 0.15 23.28 1.70 23.40 1.51 23.52 1.65 22.62 1.38 22.42 1.99 23.01 1.67 22.56 2.46 23.30 1.42 22.12 2.44 22.29 2.05 337.577 < 0.001
DNA % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.39 0.38 61.41 3.36 63.68 4.66 64.15 4.60 63.82 5.53 61.14 3.47 65.35 3.56 62.70 4.53 65.07 4.95 63.69 5.14 58.70 7.34 356.621 < 0.001
DNA % change (Decrease with Ketogenic diet ) Mean + SD 18.78 0.11 67.39 3.13 66.15 4.09 66.21 3.69 67.05 3.00 66.66 3.84 66.25 3.69 66.48 4.17 66.67 4.21 66.86 4.21 63.97 3.62 673.081 < 0.001
Table 4. Effect of rutile, antibiotics and ketogenic diet on hexokinase activity
Group
Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism EMF F value P value
Hexokinase % change (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.21 0.16 23.01 2.61 23.33 1.79 22.96 2.12 22.81 1.91 22.53 2.41 23.23 1.88 21.11 2.25 22.47 2.17 22.88 1.87 21.66 1.94 292.065 < 0.001
Hexokinase % change (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.56 0.76 65.87 5.27 62.50 5.56 65.11 5.91 63.47 5.81 64.29 5.44 65.11 5.14 64.20 5.38 65.97 4.62 65.45 5.08 67.03 5.97 317.966 < 0.001
Hexokinase % change (Decrease with Ketogenic diet) Mean + SD 18.43 0.82 61.23 9.73 62.76 8.52 56.40 8.59 60.28 9.22 58.57 7.47 58.75 8.12 58.73 8.10 63.90 7.13 58.45 6.66 62.37 5.05 115.242 < 0.001
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Table 5. Effect of rutile, antibiotics and ketogenic diet on cholesterol oxidase activity
Group
Normal Schizo Seizure AD MS NHL DM AIDS CJD Autism EMF F value P value
Cholesterol oxidase activity % (Increase with Rutile) Mean + SD 4.43 0.19 22.50 1.66 23.81 1.19 22.65 2.48 21.14 1.20 23.35 1.76 23.27 1.53 23.32 1.71 22.86 1.91 23.52 1.49 23.29 1.67 380.721 < 0.001
Cholesterol oxidase activity % (Decrease with Doxy+Cipro) Mean + SD 18.13 0.63 60.21 7.42 61.08 7.38 60.19 6.98 60.53 4.70 59.17 3.33 58.91 6.09 63.15 7.62 63.66 6.88 63.24 7.36 60.52 5.38 171.228 < 0.001
Cholesterol oxidase activity % (Decrease with Ketogenic diet) Mean + SD 18.48 0.39 66.39 4.20 67.23 3.45 66.50 3.58 67.10 3.82 66.80 3.43 66.31 3.68 66.32 3.63 68.53 2.65 66.65 4.26 61.91 7.56 556.411 < 0.001
Discussion Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea and cholesterol catabolism Dietary fibre deficiency leads to increased endosymbiotic as well as colonic archaeal growth. There was increase in cytochrome F420 indicating archaeal growth. The archaea can synthesize and use cholesterol as a carbon and energy source as indicated by cholesterol oxidase activity.20-22 The archaeal origin of the enzyme activities was indicated by antibiotic induced suppression. The study indicates the presence of actinide based archaea with an alternate actinide based enzymes or metalloenzymes in the system as indicated by rutile induced increase in enzyme activities.20-22 The archaeal cholesterol oxidase activity was increased resulting in generation of hydrogen peroxide.20-22 The archaeal glycolytic hexokinase activity were increased. The archaea can undergo magnetite and calcium carbonate mineralization and can exist as calcified nanoforms.17 There was an increase in free RNA indicating self replicating RNA viroids and free DNA indicating generation of viroid complementary DNA strands by archaeal reverse transcriptase activity. The high fibre and high MCT modified vegetarian ketogenic diet can block archaeal and viroidal multiplication. Fibre and MCT have a anti-archaeal and anti-viroidal effect.11-15
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea and Warburg phenotype Archaea can induce the host AKT PI3K, AMPK, HIF alpha and NFKB producing the Warburg metabolic phenotype.10 The increased glycolytic hexokinase activity indicates the generation of the Warburg phenotype. A high fibre and high MCT modified vegetarian 176
ketogenic diet can inhibit hexokinase activity and glycolysis and reverse the Warburg phenotype. The generation of the Warburg phenotype is due to activation of HIF alpha. This stimulates anaerobic glycolysis, inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase, inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, stimulates heme oxygenase, stimulates VEGF and activates nitric oxide synthase. The low carbohydrate diet generates less of glucose and inhibits the glycolytic pathway. This reverses the Warburg phenotype. The high fibre intake generates short chain fatty acids butyrate and propionate. Short chain fatty acids bind to lymphocyte GPCR receptors and are immunosuppressive. The reduction in cytokine generation inhibits the Warburg phenotype. The anti-archaeal and anti-viroidal action of MCT and dietary fibre also inhibits the generation of the Warburg phenotype.11-15 The Warburg phenotype generates malignant, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic syndrome x and schizophrenic pathologies. The Warburg phenotype can lead to increased cell proliferation and malignant transformation. The mitochondrial PT pore hexokinase is increased leading onto cell proliferation. There is induction of glycolysis, inhibition of PDH activity and mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in inefficient energetics and metabolic syndrome. The archaea and viroid generated cytokines can lead to TNF alpha induced insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome x. The increase in glycolysis can activate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase which gets translocated to the nucleus after polyadenylation. The PARP enzyme is activated by glycolysis mediated redox stress. This can produce nuclear cell death and neuronal degeneration. The increase in the glycolytic enzyme fructose 1,6-diphosphatase increases the pentose phosphate pathway. This generates NADPH which activates NOX. NOX activation is related to NMDA activation and glutamate excitotoxicity. This leads on to neuronal degeneration.10
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, Warburg phenotype and brain function The increase in glycolysis activates the enzyme fructose 1,6-diphosphatase which activates the pentose phosphate pathway liberating NADPH. This increases NOX activity generating free radical stress and H2O2. Free radical stress is related to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome x. Free radicals can activate NFKB producing immune activation and autoimmune disease. Free radicals can open the mitochondrial PT pore, produce release of cyto C and activate the caspase cascade. This produces cell death and neuronal degeneration. The free radicals can activate NMDA receptor and induce the enzyme GAD generating 177
GABA.
This activates the NMDA/GABA thalamo-cortico-thalamic pathway mediating
conscious perception. Increased free radical generation can also initiate schizophrenia. Free radicals can also produce oncogene activation and malignant transformation. Free radicals can produce HDAC inhibition and HERV generation. The encapsulation of HERV particles in phospholipids vesicles can mediate the generation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Free radicals can also promote atherogenesis.10
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, Warburg phenotype and immune activation The lymphocytes depend on glycolysis for its energy needs. The increase in glycolysis owing to the induction of Warburg phenotype can lead to immune activation. Immune activation can lead to autoimmune disease. TNF alpha can activate the NMDA receptor leading to glutamate excitotoxicity and neuronal degeneration. TNF alpha activating NMDA receptor can contribute to schizophrenia. TNF alpha can induce expression of HERV particles contributing to generation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Immune activation has also been related to malignant transformation mediated by NFKB. TNF alpha can also act upon the insulin receptor producing insulin resistance. NOX activation consequent to the generation of the Warburg phenotype also activates the insulin receptor. Thus there is a hyperinsulinemic state leading on to metabolic syndrome x.10
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, Warburg phenotype and disease states Thus the induction of the Warburg phenotype can lead to malignancy, autoimmune disease, metabolic syndrome x, neuropsychiatric disease and neuronal degeneration. The Warburg phenotype leads to inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase and accumulation of pyruvate. The accumulated pyruvate enters the GABA shunt pathway and is converted to citrate which is acted upon by citrate lyase and converted to acetyl CoA, used for cholesterol synthesis. The pyruvate can be converted to glutamate and ammonia which is oxidised by archaea for energy needs. The increased cholesterol substrate leads to increased archaeal growth and further induction of the Warburg phenotype.10
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea and Warburg phenotype – role of ketogenic diet A ketogenic diet is normal diet of the primitive hunter-gatherer humans. It is based upon a low carbohydrate, high saturated fat and high protein diet. In this study, a modified 178
ketogenic diet was used. It included high medium chain triglycerides from coconut oil, high fibre from banana stem, high black gram protein and low black gram polysaccharide as source of carbohydrate. It was a modified vegetarian ketogenic diet high in MCT and fibre. This diet has got an antiviroidal and antiarchaeal activity and can reverse the Warburg phenotype, the basis of diverse malignant, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic syndrome X and schizophrenic pathologies.11-15
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Probian C., Wülfing, A., Harder, J. (2003). Anaerobic mineralization of quaternary carbon atoms: Isolation of denitrifying bacteria on pivalic acid (2,2-Dimethylpropionic acid), Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(3), 1866-1870.
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CHAPTER 15 DIETARY FIBRE, THE HUMAN ENDOSYMBIOTIC ARCHAEAL RNA VIROID QUASI-SPECIES CONSORTIA, NEW VIRUSES AND SOCIO-ECONOMICPOLITICAL HISTORY
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, RNA viroidal quasi-species consortia and human speciation Dietary fibre deficiency leads to increased endosymbiotic as well as colonic archaeal growth. The endosymbiotic archaea regulates human functions and species type and depends upon the colonic archaea whose density is determined by the fibre intake. The colonic archaeal population density depends upon dietary fibre intake. Populations with low fibre intake have lesser density of colonic archaeal microflora and endosymbiotic archaea. Endosymbiotic archaea contributes to neanderthalisation of the species. Populations consuming a high saturated fat and protein diet with low fibre intake tend to get increased endosymbiotic archaeal growth and are neanderthalised. Populations with high fibre intake up to 80 g/day tend to have reduced archaeal density in the colon and reduced archaeal endosymbiosis contributing to homo sapienisation of the population. Thus fibre intake regulates the endosymbiotic archaeal density and type of human species. The viruses spread genes across bacteria humans and other cells. According to Lynn Margulis we are our viruses. Viruses merge with the cellular genome and re-emerge from them. They create successful genetic patterns that underlie living things. RNA virus can exist as quasi-species consortia which can create new RNA viruses and codes by symbiosis. The archaeal RNA quasi-species consortia underlie human and species identity. The archaeal digoxin can edit the RNA producing new codes to suit environmental conditions for the benefit of the quasi-species consortia. The bacteriophages are examples of this concept. The bacteria trade genes frantically by three processes- transformation via uptake of DNA, sexual conjugation and bacteriophage induced transduction. The viruses are mobile genetic elements and can carry genes from one person to another. The RNA viruses are dipolar and in the setting of digoxin induced membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition can create a pumped phonon system mediated quantal perception. The archaeal RNA viroid quasi-species consortia can thus mediate quantal perception and function as a symbiotic colony and communicate with the 181
outside world. To suit survival in changing environmental conditions new RNA viroids can be added to the quasi-species consortia by archaeal DNA induced editing. The viral cycles can be lytic cycles or lysogenic cycles. Viral infections convert the human body to a viral organ. Many filo viruses like Marburg virus and ebola virus are integral part of the human genome. The human genome also contains retroviruses and borna viruses as integral parts. Similar integration non-retroviruses have been described for RSV, LCMV, VSM virus. The integration is done by HERV reverse transcriptase and integrase. The viruses can cross the inter-species barrier. The algal viruses acanthocytis tortacea chlorella can infect mamallian cells. It has been detected in human throat swabs and the algal virus can replicate in human cells. Human neuronal cells when infected by the algal virus produce changes in memory, visuo-spatial process and attention affecting cognitive function. Viruses are mechanisms of gene transfer. This is explained by viruses given to the caterpillar by the wasp. The barco virus protects the caterpillar against particular viruses. The viruses infecting humans contains sequences with human DNA and bacterial DNA. The viruses thus function as mechanism for interhuman and interspecies gene transfer. Just as the viruses can infect cells the bacteria can conjugate with human cells. Bacterial conjugation and DNA transfer with human cells have been described. Photosynthetic genes have been sequenced in phage virus. Bacteria can steal genes and develop resistance. The gene for alpha 2 macroglobulin is seen in certain bacteria and provides a mechanism for bacterial resistance.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, colonic microflora, RNA viroidal quasi-species consortia and symbiotic evolution The human gut is a symbiotic system between bacteria, viruses and phages. Gut bacterial phages codes for genes of amino acid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Ecosystem of human cells gut bacteria, viruses and phages is a continuous gene transfer mechanism and can interact with other ecosystems. The pathogens can contribute genes to the host. The archaeal RNA viroids can contribute genes to the host by conversion to DNA using HERV reverse transcriptase. Unrelated RNA and DNA virus can re-combine. The archaeal RNA viroids and its corresponding DNA can re-combine with unrelated RNA and DNA viruses. The bacteriophages can shuttle genes between different ecosystems. The archaeal RNA viroids served the same purpose. There is transkingdom crosstalk of small RNA molecules. Transkingdom sRNA silencing of the human RNA by archaeal RNA viroids can 182
modulate the human system. The crosskingdom RNA silencing is important in crosskingdom communication in ecosystem. Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, viral epidemics and human evolution The viral epidemics have thus contributed to human evolution. Virus and bacterial infection homogenized human population by gene transfer. The archaeal and its RNA viroids form the lynchpin of the mechanism of gene transfer. This leads onto globalisation of speech, thought and culture by viral epidemics and related gene transfer. Thus viral epidemics help in globalisation of human culture. Human viral epidemics are necessary prerequisite for the evolution of human culture. The viral epidemics homogenize human population forming groups of caste, religion, nationalities and culture. The archaeal RNA viroidal quasi-species consortia underlie this mechanism of evolution. Thus viral diseases contribute to culture, behaviour, diet, eating habits and sexuality. Thus virus mediated gene transfer is important human sociological mechanism. The archaeal RNA viroidal quasi-species consortia and its recombination with unrelated RNA and DNA viruses and its integration into the human genome by HERV reverse transcriptase forms the basis of this phenomena. Retroviral infections have contributed to the genesis of schizophrenia, cortical function and evolution of consciousness. Borna virus infections also contribute to schizophrenia. Viral epidemics thus contribute to population identity and differences. This can also lead onto generation of new viruses.
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea and RNA viroidal quasi-species consortia Diet can modulate archaeal RNA viroidal function. The high fibre diet will suppress archaeal growth and RNA viroidal growth. A low fibre diet will increase archaeal growth and RNA viroidal growth. Thus the RNA viroidal quasi-species consortia can be modulated by diet. Viruses are beneficial agents and only one percentage of the viruses is pathogenic. Most of the viruses co-exist as commensals. The bacterial and fungal kingdoms contain bacteriophages and fungal phages. They can recombine with archaeal RNA viroids and their corresponding DNA producing new RNA and DNA viruses which can get integrated into the genome as well as get secreted into the environment. This forms a common gene pool.
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Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, RNA viroidal quasi-species consortia and intergalactic transfer of gene pool The archaea are extremophiles and can exist in the intergalactic space and meteroidal impacts can transfer the archaea in the intergalactic space to earth. The archaeal RNA viroids thus supply a continuous source of new genetic codes to earth. The bacterial infections especially those due to streptococcus and its phages can produce epidemic OCD, echolalia and ecopraxia contributing to a disciplined society and the evolution of the hereditary system of kingship. This can be due to the streptococcus induced epidemic OCD frontal lobe syndrome. The bacteriophages from the streptococcus could have recombined with the archaeal RNA viroids and got integrated into the human genome. The fungal infections could have contributed to the next phase of evolution. Infections with claviceps purpura can transfer LSD genes and dopamine genes to humans producing the dopaminergic epoch in society. The fungal phages would have recombined with archaeal RNA viroids and got integrated into the human genome. This could have contributed to ideas of equality, fraternity, liberty and socialism which are all products of the French revolution. During this period of time there was an epidemic of fungal infection in Rye in Europe. The next phase of global epidemics occurred with H1N5 infection or the Spanish flu epidemic. This resulted in a locked-in state and a frozen society leading onto the rise of dictatorship, fascism, the Nazis and the Communists. The next stage in which we live can be called the age of anarchy with its globalization, terrorism, rogue capitalism, sexual anarchy and religious fundamentalism. This corresponds with the recurrent epidemics of RNA viral infections- H1N1, retroviral, SARS, ebola, dengue and hemorrhagic fever. The genomic integration of these RNA viruses, fungal phages, bacterial phages would have changed the human genome at this different point in history. Thus virus induced gene transfer can modulate the brain, culture, sociology and behaviour. References 1. Kurup, R.K. and Kurup, P.A. Global Warming, Archaea and Viroid Induced Symbiotic Human Evolution - Retrovirus, Prions and Viroids – Porphyrinoids and Viroidelle. New York: Open Science Publishers, 2016.
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CHAPTER 16 THE INTERNET AND ITS LOW LEVEL EMF FIELDS REGULATE HUMAN BRAIN - THE SURREALISTIC, SYNTHEISTIC, ASEXUAL BRAIN - DIETARY FIBRE AND EVOLUTION OF HOMO NEONEANDERTHALIC CYBORGS
Introduction Dietary fibre deficiency leads to increased endosymbiotic as well as colonic archaeal growth. The endosymbiotic archaea regulates human functions and species type and depends upon the colonic archaea whose density is determined by the fibre intake. The colonic archaeal population density depends upon dietary fibre intake. Populations with low fibre intake have lesser density of colonic archaeal microflora and endosymbiotic archaea. Endosymbiotic archaea contributes to neanderthalisation of the species. Populations consuming a high saturated fat and protein diet with low fibre intake tend to get increased endosymbiotic archaeal growth and are neanderthalised. Populations with high fibre intake up to 80 g/day tend to have reduced archaeal density in the colon and reduced archaeal endosymbiosis contributing to homo sapienisation of the population. Thus fibre intake regulates the endosymbiotic archaeal density and type of human species. Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated increased symbiotic archaeal growth consequent to global warming. Previous studies have shown low level of EMF pollution leading to increased archaeal growth. The netocrats and netizens are exposed to continuous low level of EMF pollution. The internet and low level EMF fields can regulate and control brain function. The archaea contains magnetite and can catabolize cholesterol to generate porphyrins. Digoxin can produce sodium potassium ATPase inhibition and a pumped phonon system acting through dipolar magnetite and porphyrins to generate a Frohlich model of Bose-Einstein condensate. This can produce quantal perception. The archaeal magnetite and porphyrins can produce increased perception of low level of EMF leading onto prefrontal cortex atrophy and cerebellar hypertrophy. This can lead onto neanderthalisation of the brain. This leads onto dominance of cerebellar cognitive function as has been reported earlier from this laboratory. The prefrontal cortex atrophy can lead onto extinction of rationalization and reason producing a state of transcendence. This is the basis of surrealism. The brain quantal fields can modulate the low level EMF fields in the internet and the interaction can alter internet function and the quantal fields of other brain operating the internet. The interactive quantal fields of the human brain and the low level EMF quantal 185
fields of the internet form one single whole functioning as a universal collective unconscious, the basis of syntheism. Syntheism is a philosophical idea where the humanity creates God as opposed to the monotheistic religious ideal of God creating humanity.1-16 The paper explores the link between neanderthalisation, archaeal growth and surrealism/syntheism. The results are discussed in this paper.
Materials and Methods Fifteen netizens/netocrats were selected for the study. Each netizen had an age and sex matched control. Blood cytochrome F420 activity was assessed by spectrophotometric measurement.
Results Cytochrome F420 was detected in the entire case group studied showing endosymbiotic archaeal overgrowth. Table 1. Cytochrome F420 in internet exposure
Normal
Cyt F420 activity 6%
Netizens
65%
Discussion Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, internet addiction, low level EMF perception and brain function Dietary fibre deficiency leads to increased endosymbiotic as well as colonic archaeal growth. The widespread use of the internet is ubiquitous. The internet-human mind interaction has been described in a previous report from this laboratory. The low level of EMF produced by the internet can modulate brain function. Low level of EMF can induce porphyrin synthesis by actinidic archaeal symbionts in the brain. Porphyrins are dipolar molecules and in the setting of archaeal digoxin induced sodium potassium ATPase inhibition can generate a pumped phonon system and Frohlich model of Bose-Einstein condensates. These porphyrin mediated Bose-Einstein condensate can mediate quantal perception. The brain quantal fields can modulate the low level EMF fields in the internet and the interaction can alter internet function and the quantal fields of other brain operating the internet. The interactive quantal fields of the human brain and the low level EMF quantal fields of the 186
internet form one single whole functioning as a universal collective unconscious. There are 7 billion users of the internet. The collective unconscious created by interaction of brain quantal fields with internet low EMF fields functions as a virtual matrix on which the world is structured. There are thought controlled robotic computers which can perform human functions. The human thought creates a communicative order which alters the brain EEG and can issue a computer modulated order of the brain’s thought process.1-16
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, low level EMF perception and braininternet communication Syntheism is a philosophical idea where the humanity creates God as opposed to the monotheistic religious ideal of God creating humanity. The quantal fields of multiple brains interacting with each other and internet roughly fit in with the idea of God or the Holy Spirit. This fits in with Buddhist philosophy. The Buddhist philosophy is atheistic and describes Samsaras or states of mind occurring in quick succession with the idea of karma modulating the next state of the human mind in symbiotic communication with other minds. This roughly is the Buddhist idea of the controlling force of the universe. The quantal world of the human brain in communication with other brains and in interaction with the low level EMF quantal fields of the internet fits in with this proposition of Samsaras. It creates an idea of universal globalised world of oneness which can be described as equivalent to God. The internet can be considered as great equalizer and creates a oneness of the human quantal brain all over the earth and other possible functioning brains in the universe. The quantal world becomes the particulate world by the act of observation. The human quantal brains in communication with each other and the low level EMF quantal fields of the internet creates the particulate observable world.1-16
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, internet use, low level EMF perception and cerebellar dominant brain – changes in culture The widespread use of the internet produces low level of EMF exposure to the human brain. This produces prefrontal cortex atrophy and cerebellar dominance. The prefrontal cortex is the site of the logic, reasoning and commonsense. The atrophy of the prefrontal cortex leads to cerebellar dominance of brain cognitive function. It becomes an impulsive world guided by the senses. The world of the senses comes into existence. The cerebellar dominance leads to an ataxic syndrome producing ataxia of speech and motor function. Ataxia of speech leads to evolution of music of the rock type which dominates the modern 187
world. The ataxia of motor function leads to rhythmic dance as the guiding force of life. The ataxia of motor function also leads to abstract painting. The world gets dominated by rock/pop dance, music and art. The exposure to low level of EMF from the internet leads to increased dipolar porphyrin synthesis and quantal perception. The increased quantal perception leads to more increased interaction with the low level quantal EMF fields of the internet making the internet world as the real world and outside world as virtual. The increased quantal perception of the brain leads to a sense of spirituality and oneness of the world. The increased quantal perception leads to a communication between the brain quantal fields and the quantal fields of the environment leading to the concept of eco-spirituality. The consuming world comes to an end and a world of sharing begins. The increased quantal perception also leads to a feeling of oneness in the population producing an idea of the socialistic idealistic society and demise of the capitalistic society. The increased quantal perception leads to gender equality and the dominance of unisexuality in society. This is exemplified by the festivals of the burning man and the burning nest.1-16
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, internet use, low level EMF perception and netocratic state The netocratic state can also produce changes in brain function. The increased exposure to low level of EMF produces prefrontal cortex atrophy and cerebellar dominance. This leads onto neanderthalisation of the brain. The increased exposure to low level of EMF produces increased archaeal growth, cholesterol catabolism and digoxin synthesis. Digoxin can modulate brain and body function on exposure to low level of EMF. Low level of EMF exposure also produces increased porphyrin synthesis which can lead onto increased digoxin mediated dipolar porphyrin modulated Frohlich model of pumped phonon system.1-16 The online world is the real world for netizens and the real world is a reflection of the online world. Value is a social mode created in the network online. Netocracy creates a new elite. It creates a new religion of atheistic mysticism. The netocratic world affects politics producing a movement for equality. The recent social media generated revolutions include the Arab spring and jasmine revolution.1-16 Netocratic state can produce a new social order. There is a sense of equality due to quantal perception producing ideas of socialism, communism, anarchy and gender equality. The quantal perception mediated feeling of oneness will spell the death of the capitalistic 188
state. There is also feeling of gender equality, asexuality and alternate sexuality. The quantal perception mediated sense of oneness leads onto a more democratic state. The quantal perception also produces universal oneness and spirituality. Netocratic state produces a participatory culture. It produces the global empire and a global virtual society where the mind is constituted by the online net and body becomes a machine. This produces an antiCartesian view of the world. The old political conflicts and ideologies get replaced by netocratic state fuelled by a communication revolution. The internet functions as a sensory extension of the human brain.1-16
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea and internet addiction – relation to neanderthalisation The increased low level quantal EMF fields of the internet produces increased growth of extremophilic actinidic archaea in the brain and human body. The symbiotic archaea synthesizes more porphyrins. The archaeal magnetite and porphyrins can mediate increased quantal perception and interaction with the low level EMF fields of the internet. Thus the wide spread use of the internet leads to a society with increased quantal perception and interaction with the internet. The low level quantal EMF fields of the internet affects the brain producing neanderthalisation of the brain. The prefrontal cortex becomes small and the cerebellum hypertrophies producing an occipital bun. The brain becomes more creative, autistic, impulsive, addictive, attention deficit and schizophrenic. Such brains produce behaviour which is chaotic, anarchic and non-hierarchal. There is globalisation of the world. Religions, nation-states, individuality and family cease to have much relevance. This becomes the globalised quantal world of oneness and equality- the world of samsaras.1-16
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, netocratic state and human pathology The netocratic state can produce human pathology. Exposure to low level of EMF pollution increases endosymbiotic archaeal growth and digoxin synthesis from cholesterol. Digoxin produces membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition and low level of EMF exposure can lead to increased porphyrin synthesis. Increased intracellular calcium and porphyrins can produce cell death/degeneration, immune activation/autoimmune disease, mitochondrial dysfunction/metabolic syndrome x and neuropsychiatric disorders like autism and schizophrenia. It leads to an epidemic of civilizational disease.1-16
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Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, internet addiction and evolution of homo neoneanderthalis The cholesterol catabolism leads to phenolisation of the cholesterol ring producing increased synthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. This leads to schizophrenia, autism and ADHD. This also produces la tourette syndrome with coprolalia, OCD, vocal and motor tics. The synchronization of motor and vocal tics leads onto the evolution of language. The internet language used by netizens can be compared to a synchronized motor and vocal tic as it is short and agrammatical. Thus the netocratic state results in the generation of new human species- Neanderthal hybrids.1-16
Dietary fibre deficiency, endosymbiotic archaea, netocratic state and new world order The internet revolution and netocratic state leads onto the death of the individual and the generation of a social individual. This produces as said before prefrontal cortex atrophy and cerebellar dominance. This leads onto the annihilation of the rational individual. The world of logic, reason, understanding and order comes to an end. The increased synthesis of dopamine and an epidemic la tourette syndrome leads to ritualisation of behaviour, obsessive behaviour, uniformity and creativity. The world of quantal perception leads onto the sacredness of social existence. Collective ritualised behavior becomes the norm. The world enters the realm of senses. The world of quantal perception leads to nihilistic state, nothingness and negativity. This contributes to surrealistic world Breton and Bataille and the deconstructed world of Derrida. This produces what can be called as the surrealistic brain. The world is chaotic, anarchic, ugly and barbarous. Terrorism and criminality raises its ugly head producing the ugly revolution as it helps to transcend reality. The unconscious experience dominates and the conscious experience is shut out. There is no contradiction between dream and reality. There is a rejection of reason and a return to the world of archetypes. The political surrealistic world is Trotskyist, anarchic and communist. The artistic world is represented by the cubist paintings of Picasso and Dali and the world of modern art. Abstract painting, poetry, abstract dance becomes the norm. There is gender equality, feminism and rumblings of alternate sexuality. The atrophy of the prefrontal cortex and cerebellar dominance leads onto a state of psychic automatism and the dominance of unconscious experience. The epidemic la tourette syndrome leads to ritualism, obsession, criminality, cruelty and terrorism. The human beings enter the world of archetypes. 1-16
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The global warming leads to increased archaeal growth. The archaea can catabolize the cholesterol ring using ring oxidase to generate porphyrins. The archaea also contains magnetite. In the setting of digoxin induced membrane sodium potassium ATPase inhibition the dipolar magnetite and porphyrins can produce a pumped phonon system mediated Frohlich model of Bose-Einstein condensate. This can increase the brain quantal perception of low level EMF which again leads to increased archaeal growth. The increased quantal perception of low level of EMF leads to prefrontal cortex atrophy and cerebellar dominance. The archaeal cholesterol catabolism generates a phenolic ring from the cholesterol molecule synthesizing dopamine. This leads to an excess monoamine neurotransmitters. Thus there is an epidemic frontal lobe syndrome, cerebellar syndrome, la tourette disease, ADHD, schizophrenia and autism. Such a population of Neanderthal hybrids is creative. This produces ritualized, obsessive, coprolalic, attention deficit, obscene, grotesque and sexually anarchic behaviour. This helps to transcend reality as the frontal lobe concerned with rationalization, judgment and reasoning is dysfunctional. The same function of transcending reality by a dysfunctional frontal lobe also occurs in terrorism and criminal behaviour. The society becomes increasingly impulsive. The frontal lobe dysfunction and quantal perception helps to transcend reality and produces self-realisation and spirituality. The cerebellar dysfunction produces an ataxic syndrome with motor ataxia leading onto dance forms and abstract painting and ataxia of speech leads to rock music. The dopamine excess leads onto a motor and vocal tic which when synchronised produces language and evolution of literature. The coprolalia and obscene tics of la tourette disease leads to the ugliness and obscenities in modern literature, music, painting and dance. There is massive ritualized behaviour in society. Terrorism is a ritualized behaviour which helps to transcend reality due to a frontal lobe dysfunction and tourette disease. It can be considered as modern form of ritualized cannibalism. The realm of the senses dominates and there is rejection of reason and rationality. Dreams and reality merged together. It produces a psychedelic, art, literature and music. This produces what can be called as the acephalic state mimicking the acephalic society of Bataille, the originator of surrealistic philosophy. This leads onto the evolution of an acephalic new human species homo neoneanderthalis.1-16 References 1.
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