Peer review draft

Peer review draft – courtesy copy for SMSB Calgary 07-10-2014 – update draft

2014

Existing Canadian Bridges Utilizing Orthotropic Bridge Decks

WALPOLE ISLAND SWING RIVER BRIDGE,CANADA (1970) Photo courtesy and by Alfred Ho PE Province of Ontario Ministry of Transportation [ Photo # 1 ]

Mission Bridge - near Vancouver - barrier detail photo by Alfred R. Mangus PE - 2002 [ Photo # 2 ]

Written by: Alfred R. Mangus P. E. (Member ASCE ) Orthotropic Bridge Conference

www.orthotropic-bridge.org

PO BOX 161114 Sacramento, CA 95816-1114; USA cell 916-205-1962 fax (916)-227-8788 [email protected]

[email protected]

Abstract: Every structure built is a test structure. Many bridge owners want their modern bridges to be in

service 100 years. Thus a bridge's life will exceed the normal 40 year career of two to three engineers or fabricators or contractors. Bridges with Orthotropic steel decks in North America are very rare with less with around 100 vs. about one million bridges in the three countries. The primary purpose of this document to maximize the understanding and share of information about these bridges of Canada. A secondary purpose is to build a network The material has be copied from other sources only to gather information. Third party copyright releases have not been obtained so it's not a valid document for publication.

Orthotropic Steel Deck Bridges of Canada Well publicized orthotropic bridges are the 1965 Concordia multi-cell box girder bridge, Pretoria Bascule Bridge in Ottawa (Figure 3), 1969 Papineau cable-stayed bridge of Montreal, 1970 A. Murray MacKay suspension bridge (Troitsky 1987), and the Port Carling Bascule Bridge. Redecking of existing bridges with orthotropic steel deck panels include the Lions Gate (Matson 2001), Champlain Bridge of Montreal three-span cantilever truss (Carlin and Mirza 1996), the 1999 Angus L. Macdonald suspension bridge and the 2001 Lions Gate superstructure rebuilding. A Vancouver firm has been promoting steel orthotropic decks for parking garages in cold regions.

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Peer review draft – courtesy copy for SMSB Calgary 07-10-2014 – update draft Year

Type

Name

Main Span -ft -ft

Province , City

Deck Area

2014 Reference

-m -m

Ref # Ref # Ref # Ref # Ref # Ref # Ref # Ref # Ref # Ref # Ref # Ref # Ref # Ref # Ref #

-ft

-m

Ref #

Table # 1 Orthotropic Steel Deck Bridges

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State # of Bridges Name of Bridge

Deck Length Area Year x in Bridge Type Opened Width Square in Feet Feet

Location

Status

2014

References

ALBERTA - 1 Bow River Owner: City of Calgary Designer: Santiago Calatrava

2011

Rapid Orthotropic Deck Replacement for Alberta Three-Span Bridge Matthew Spratlin Alberta Transportation

BRITISH COLUMBIA – 5+ Port Mann Owner: Province of BC Designer: Engineers Lions Gate North Approach Viaduct Spans Viaduct Owner: City of Vancouver Designer: Buckland & Taylor Engineers http://www.tc.gc.ca/programs/ surface/bridges/lionsgate.htm Lions Gate Main Spans Owner: City of Vancouver Designer: Buckland & Taylor Engineers Mission Bridge Owner: Province of BC Designer: Engineers

1964

Tied Arch Vancouver Built as an Main span of 30 miles 1950 x orthotropic 136,500 1,200 feet. upstream 70 deck bridge. Side spans on Fraiser Still in use 360 feet. River

1976

2,200 x 121,000 Plate Girders 55

Vancouver across harbor entrance

Re-decking lane bridge

2002

2,781 x 153,431 55

Vancouver across harbor entrance

Re-decking

1975

Box Mission 50 Built as an The main miles 1,020 x orthotropic 48,960 span is 440 upstream 48 deck bridge. feet long with on Faiser Still in use. 290 foot spans River

Suspension Bridge

Murray River Railroad Bridge Owner: British ColumbiaRailway Company Ltd Designer: Ker, Preistman & Associates Ltd Wolverine River Railroad Bridges Owner: British Columbia Railway Company Ltd Designer: Ker, Preistman & British Columbia BC Ferries British Columbia BC Ferries Portable Bridges

3


Johnson Street Bascule Span Victoria

2014

City of Victoria 250.361.0300 [email protected]

2016

NOVA SCOTIA - 2 A. Murray McKay Bridge Owner: Halifax-Dartmouth Bridge Commission Designer: Pratley & Dorton, Consluting Engineers, Montreal http://www.tc.gc.ca/programs/ surface/bridges/murraymackay.htm

Suspension with Truss

Across the Built as an harbor orthotropic narrow of deck bridge. Halifax & Still in use. Darmouth

1970

2,428 x 138,400 57

Angus L. Macdonald Suspension Bridge Owner: Halifax-Dartmouth Bridge Commission Designer: O' Halloran Campbell Consultants

1999

$55 million Across the Re-decking of (Canadian??) harbor 1,918 x a 1955 Re-decking 70,000 narrows of 36 concrete filled converted a Halifax & grid 2-lane bridge Dartmouth into 3-lanes.

Angus L. Macdonald Suspension Bridge Owner: Halifax-Dartmouth Bridge Commission Designer: Buckland & Taylor

2016

1,918 x 36

Superstructure replacement

NEW BRUNSWICK - 3

Longs Creek Bridge

1967

Hawkshaw Bridge

1968

St. John Harbor Bridge

1968

1,092 x 26,208 24

Longs Creek Route 102 about 2 Cable-stayed miles north of the TransCanadian Highway

1,092 x 26,208 24

Nackawic connects Route 102 to Route 105 about Cable-stayed one mile north of the TransCanadian Highway

970 x 48

45,560

Twin Box Girders

St. John Harbor

ONTARIO - 3

Port Carling Bascule Bridge Owner: District of Muskoka

Walpole Swing Bridge Owner: First Nations Indian Reserve

56 x 42

Single Bascule

Muskoka, Ontario

Only moveable span - Built as an orthotropic deck bridge. Still in use.

Walpole Only Island moveable Indian span - Built Reservation as an

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orthotropic deck bridge. Still in use.

Pretoria Bridge Owner: City of Ottawa

Ottawa

Only moveable span - Built as an orthotropic deck bridge. Still in use.

QUEBEC - 5 Papineau Bridge Cable-Stayed Designer: Consultants Montreal

Montreal Built as an across the orthotropic St. deck bridge. Lawrence Still in use. River

1969

Cable-stayed 1,370 x across the St. 122,386 89.3 Lawrence River

1965

Montreal Single box across the 2,265 x 212,910 girder divided St. 94 into 3 cells Lawrence River

Built as an orthotropic deck bridge. Still in use. Ice breaker piers, sloping face.

Champlain Bridge Designer: Specialist Peter Taylor, Buckland & Taylor Montreal

1993

Two x 1,527 x 123,687 40.5

Montreal across the St. Lawrence River

Re-decking cantilever steel truss.

Structal Deck System

2013

Beauharnois Suspension Bridge Redecking

1988

Concordia Montreal

Used for rehabilitation of Congress Avenue Bascule Bridge Chicago

177-M x 9.0-m

45km from Montreal

Re-decking .

Total REFERENCES

ALBERTA

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Peace Bridge over the Bow River River, Calgary,Alberta -Dr Santiago Calatrava designer. Tromposch, Eric "Calgary's Peace Bridge" Canadian Consulting Engineer; Mar/Apr2014, Vol pp 28 & 29 with cover photo

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Peace Bridge over the Bow River River, Calgary,Alberta - orthotropic ribs on a diagonal pattern at 45 degrees with non composite deck Dr Santiago Calatrava designer.

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Bow River Orthotropic Bridge, Calgary

Dr Santaigo Calatrava

designer. [ FIGURE #

Bow River Orthotropic Bridge, Calgary

2014

Dr Santiago

Calatrava designer. ]

[ FIGURE

#

]

Alberta Calgary Bow River Pedestrian Bridge A second pedestrian Bridge over the bow River

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The Willow Bridge over the Willow River? will be a test structure using the Structal panelized orthotropic deck system.

.

BRITISH COLUMBIA BC Ferries

1.

Peter Sontowski www.asphaltec.com/peter_sontowski.htm Specifically in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, on Vancouver Island and. traffic noise generated by cars, trucks and ferries. ... Designed and tested special asphaltic concrete paving mixes for orthotropic ...

[email protected] #205 - 710 Seventh Avenue New Westminster, B.C., V3M 5V3 Canada 604-521-1122 steel transfer deck for the B. C. Ferry Corporation at Tsawwassen. ... short construction schedule, consists of an orthotropic steel deck on steel ...

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Upper and lower loading ramps of a berth at Duke Point, with aprons raised.

Megatech Engineering Ltd. #105-19433 96th Ave Surrey, BC Canada V4N 4C4 Toll Free: 1-888-253-1111 / Fax: 1-888-882-8585 Lower Mainland: 604-882-8500 / 604-882-8585 / email Nanaimo Office: 250-722-3485 / 250-722-2668 / email Email: [email protected] B.C. Ferry Authority Suite 500, 1321 Blanshard Street Victoria, British Columbia V8W 0B7 Or phone: 250-381-1401

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Mr. Mark Collins VP Engineering, BC Ferries at Duke Point Ferry Terminal

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BC Ferries at Duke Point Ferry Terminal

BC Ferries at Duke Point Ferry Terminal view from bridge of ferry

Port Mann Bridge

12


Port Mann Orthotropic, Vancouver , BC - Photo by Alfred Mangus - 2001 [ FIGURE # ]

2014

Port Mann Orthotropic, Vancouver , BC - Photo by Alfred Mangus - 2001 [ FIGURE # 41 ]

Port Mann Orthotropic, Vancouver , BC - from reference [ FIGURE # ]

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Port Mann Orthotropic, Vancouver , BC - from reference [ FIGURE # ]

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copyright Omer Blodgett James F Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation

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Lions Gate

Lions Gate Orthotropic, Vancouver , BC - Photo by Alfred Mangus - 2001 [ FIGURE # ] Lions Gate Orthotropic, Vancouver , BC From reference [ FIGURE # ]

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Buckland, Peter, G. “The Lions Gate Bridge renovation “, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, CSCE, Ottawa, Canada, Volume 8, n 4, 1981 pp 484-508

18


Matson, D. D. (2001), Piece by Piece: Construction of the Lions’ Gate Suspension Vancouver, B. C., Civil Engineering, May, 40-45

Lions Gate Orthotropic, Vancouver , BC From reference [ FIGURE # ]

2014

Bridge,

Lions Gate Orthotropic, Vancouver , BC - From reference [ FIGURE # ]

Mission Bridge

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Mission Bridge- 2001 – photo by Alfred Mangus - Main Span and two back spans are orthotropic - variable depth box girder.

Mission Bridge box girder bridge (Knud and Gordon 1975),

20

Peer review draft – courtesy copy for SMSB Calgary 07-10-2014 – update draft Mission Bridge – (from

2014

Knud and Gordon 1975),

Mission Bridge- 2001 – photo by Alfred Mangus - Main Span and two back spans are orthotropic - sidewalk and barrier details

Wolverine & Murray River Railroad Bridges

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Wolverine & Murray River Railroad Bridges

British Columbia BC Ferries British Columbia Portable Bridges British Columbia Johnson Street Bascule The replacement project, a new Johnson Street Bridge will open to the public in late 2015. The replacement bridge, connecting the neighborhood of Vic West to downtown Victoria, Canada is being

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built next to the original one. Installation of the new bridge’s first foundation pieces started on Oct. 30. Foundation installation is anticipated to continue until February 2014. The original bridge will remain accessible until the new one is completed.

According to City of Victoria plans, the new Johnson Street Bridge will include “on-road bike lanes, a multi-use trail, (and) a pedestrian pathway.” It will aim to improve accessibility for all users, including those using mobility aids. The new bridge will also have a built-in plaza with a view to the harbor. It will include an “improved navigation channel for marine vessels,” and will be built to the highest standards of bridge-building code in Canada. It is supposed to withstand an 8.5-magnitude earthquake, fulfilling Lifeline seismic building standards. An art piece installation and a public green space is also planned to be built around the bridge area. The structure is designed as a bascule bridge with a built-in bascule pier (the part of the bridge that opens to let large marine vessels pass). The large steel pipe foundation installed will become a part of the 16 pipes forming the foundation of the bascule pier. When complete, says the City, the new Johnson Street Bridge will be the “largest single-leaf bascule bridge in Canada, and one of the largest in the world.”

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The building of the bridge has been contracted to PCL Constructors West coast, a branch of the construction company PCL Constructors, Inc. They have made the decision to have the bascule leaf part of the bridge fabricated by ZTSS (Jiangsu Zhongtai Bridge Steel Structure Co.), a leading contractor of steel structure projects based in the Jiangsu province of China. Other supplies, such as concrete, will be sourced locally from Vancouver Island, and local firms will carry out subcontracting jobs. PCL Constructors will also be recruiting for trade positions on the island. The Canadian engineering firm MMM Group was contracted as well to “provide services for design and project management of the work through to completion.” In order to work in the ideas of citizens, a Citizen Advisory Panel was formed in February 2010. Meant to represent the diverse community of the area, the members of the panel assist City staff in making decisions and developing plans. On Nov. 20, 2010, citizens of Victoria voted in a referendum to approve the borrowing of $49.2-million for the replacement bridge.

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NOVA SCOTIA Murray McKay Bridge Over 115 Tons of orthotropic deck replacements (at both piers on the bridge), bearing replacements and tower plate sections were fabricated at Woodside location and installed on site. The tight schedule and logistical restraints on bridge closures throughout the project made this job a great accomplishment for Cherubini

Figure # Replacement Deck 2013MacKay Bridge, Canada - copyright Cherubini

Figure #. MacKay Bridge, Canada

Angus L. Macdonald Suspension Bridge HALIFAX – DARTMOUTH, CANADA [1999] The existing superstructure had two 13.5 ft. traffic lanes, a 5 ft. sidewalk on the south side and a 5 ft. utility tray on the north side. The width between the trusses is 37 feet. The sidewalk and the utility tray were relocated during this project and the existing 37 feet between the trusses was used to create three lanes of car traffic -three 11.5 ft. lanes, and guardrails. After completion of the project, the centre lane began functioning as a reversible lane, Halifax-bound in the mornings and Dartmouth-bound in the evenings. The site construction began May 1997 and the entire bridge officially re-opened October 31, 1999. The concrete deck in the approach spans has aged over the years and had to be replaced to restore the original safety factors of the bridge reference #. restraints on bridge closures throughout the project made this job a great accomplishment for Cherubini

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Figure # Replacement Deck Completed Figure #. Completed Widening Angus L. Widening Angus L. MacDonald-- copyright MacDonald Taylor)

(

courtesy

Buckland

and Cherubini

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The concrete deck was replaced with an orthotropic steel plate deck. Each orthotropic steel plate panel was covered with a special wearing surface at the steel fabrication facility. When the deck replacement was complete, the entire deck surface received one more layer of wearing surface. The new wearing surface is more advanced than conventional asphalt surfacing; it is thinner and lighter. The use of lighter superstructure system made adding a third car lane possible. To receive a copy of their New Old Bridge Video, which portrays the original construction of the Macdonald Bridge and the third lane reconstruction, please send your full mailing address to [email protected]. Connecting the two municipalities of Dartmouth and Halifax, this project consisted of over 6,500 tons of new approach, orthotropic decks, bikeway and sidewalks. Considered to be one of the most recognizable bridges in Nova Scotia with all fabrication performed at Cherubini. orthotropic decks all fabrication performed at Cherubini.

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NEW BRUNSWICK

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r

1967 Longs Creek Cable-stayed Suspension Bridge, Longs Creek arm of Mactaquac Lake, Longs Creek, Route 102 - about 2 miles north of the Trans-Canadian Highway, New Brunswick, Canada; 1967 Longs Creek Cable-stayed Suspension Bridge, Longs Creek arm of Mactaquac Lake, Longs Creek, Route 102 - about 2 miles north of the Trans-Canadian Highway, New Brunswick, Canada;

Photo Courtesy of [ Photo # 8 ]

Photo Courtesy [ Photo # 7 ]

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1967 Longs Creek Cable-stayed Suspension Bridge, Longs Creek arm of Mactaquac Lake, Longs Creek, Route 102 - about 2 miles north of the Trans-Canadian Highway, New Brunswick, Canada;

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1967 Hawkshaw Cable-stayed Suspension Bridge crosses the Saint John River or Mactaquac Lake, and connects Nackawic Canada to the Trans-Canadian Highway. Known as Hawkshaw Street it connects Route 105 to Route 102 - about 1 miles north of the Trans-Canadian Highway, New Brunswick, Canada;

Hawkshaw Bridge 1. Nearly identical to the Hawkshaw Longs Creek Cable-stayed Bridge ~17 miles to the WNW. The Longs Creek Bridge in NB was the first highway cable-stayed bridge in Canada! It spans 218m and was built in 1966. CATASTROPHIC AND ANNOYING RESPONSES OF LONGSPAN ... 0.16 to 0.18.lt The original cross section of the Long's Creek bridge, studied by ward la^,^ is shown in FIGURE. 2. This short, cable-stayed bridge shed vortices ...

SAINT JOHN HARBOUR BRIDGE Saint John Harbour Bridge, Saint John, NB, Canada On April 13, 1962 the New Brunswick legislature passed an act to establish a Saint John Harbour Bridge Authority that would build, maintain and operate a toll bridge crossing Saint John Harbour. Contracts for the four main piers were signed in September 1965 and the crossing opened on August 17, 1968 as part of the Saint John Throughway project. The bridge's location proved quite controversial as it prevents high-clearance vessels from navigating into the upper part of the harbor. Earlier proposals had called for the Saint John Throughway and its

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bridge to be built north of the Reversing Falls gorge. Construction of the bridge also drew to a close the status of Navy Island as an island within the Inner Harbour. The bridge carries 4 lanes of Route 1 across 3 spans, measuring 125 m, 250 m, and 125 m. The bridge was a cooperative project of the federal, provincial and municipal governments. The Harbour Bridge Authority increased the cash-toll from $0.25 to $0.50 for regular commuter traffic beginning January, 2007. This is the first rate increase since the bridge was built. On November 26, 2010 Stephen Harper and David Alward officially announced the toll for the bridge will be eliminated. The agreement wipes away the $22.6 million dollar debt and the Federal Government is willing to pay for half of the $35 million dollar structural repairs.[1] As of April 1, 2011, just before 4pm, the tolls were abolished.

Harbour Bridge in Saint John, New Brunswick . Main span with two back spans are orthotropic.[ FIGURE # ]

Saint John Harbour Bridge, Main span with two back spans are orthotropic. [ FIGURE # ]

The Saint John Harbour Bridge spans Saint John Harbour at the mouth of the Saint John River. The bridge, which carries four lanes of traffic, opened in 1968 and is 1.2 km (3,890 ft.) long. The bridge comprises two major structural forms. The 296 m (970 ft.) main and side spans (over the water) comprise twin variable depth box girders supporting an orthotropic steel deck in the main span and a concrete deck in the side spans. The approach spans comprise concrete deck on AASHTO girders. Buckland & TaylorB&T is currently monitoring the construction of the deck replacement for this bridge. B&T began work on the bridge in 2007 by performing an overview inspection. Following this, immediate repairs were identified and B&T prepared contract documents and provided construction assistance. These repairs continued through 2008 and were completed in 2009.

The Saint John Harbour Bridge consisted of rehabilitating the bridge deck, installing a new median, new barrier walls, new lighting and drainage systems, and finally, paving and linepainting the bridge road. The project also included the removal of the toll booths and other toll related infrastructure, as well as a reconfiguration to the Route 1 highway lanes at the west end of the bridge. These upgrades improve safety and lengthen the lifespan of the structure. The removal of tolls speeds up both commuting time and the flow of goods and services through the city and region.

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The Saint John Harbour Bridge is part of a key interprovincial and international corridor linking the region’s busiest border crossing to the United States with southern New Brunswick and the other Atlantic Canadian provinces. Situated at the mouth of the Saint John River, the bridge has approximately 27,500 vehicles crossing it daily, making the Saint John Harbour Bridge an essential commercial and commuting link in the region.

In 2009 B&T carried out a comprehensive design to rehabilitate the bridge deck over two years, prepared the contract documents and are currently providing construction services, including full-time on site Project Supervision as the owner's engineer (quality assurance, monitoring progress, processing progress payments, confirming adherence to the contract documents, processing change orders and claims, etc.).

......Saint John Harbour Bridge, see three Cruise Ships.

Only two lanes are open to traffic and no one will be rushing during rush hour on the Harbour Bridge in Saint John, New Brunswick until late October.

Harbour Bridge in Saint John, New Brunswick [ FIGURE # ]

Saint John Harbour Bridge, three Cruise Ships [ FIGURE # ]

ONTARIO Port Carling Bascule

33


Port Carling Orthotropic, Bascule Bridge Ontario [ FIGURE # ]


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Port Carling Orthotropic, Bascule Bridge Ontario courtesy of Evers, R. C. “Dense Mastic Surfacing of an Orthotropic, Bascule Bridge 73-125” Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications (June 1977) [ FIGURE # ]

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Port Carling Orthotropic, Bascule Bridge Ontario Finite Element study of bascule span copyright & courtesy of Bryne Engineering

Walpole Island Bridge The Walpole Island Bridge was completed in 1970 on Indian Reserve No. 46 connecting Walpole Island to the mainland of Ontario Canada. – see Photo # and Figure # [see references #]. It crosses the Snye River or Chenal Ecarte near Wallaceburg Ontario. The Canadian firm of Wyllie & Ufnal Limited designed this bridge in 1967. Only the center 218-ft outer diameter swing span is orthotropic, while the remaining spans are 7.5-inch thick reinforced concrete on steel girders. The key dimensions of the American rib are a structural height of 8-inches, a base distance between the outside face of the trapezoidal legs of 11.50-in, bottom width of 6.5-inch and a plate thickness of 0.3125-in [ 356-mm x 305-mm x 8-mm or width x depth x thickness]. A trapezoidal “cut-out” with a snug fit suitable for welding was made for the continuous ribs. The transverse floor beams are at 11.33-ft on center and the .50-inch thick deck plate is used for the top flange. Two variable depth plate girders a 2.25-inch thick wearing surface was used. The superstructure was fabricated into four units and field spliced with A-325 bolts. A control tower controls the opening of the two-lane bridge of 28-ft clear between the 5.5-ft wide concrete sidewalks with aluminum exterior railing. This bridge remains operational. The Walpole Island swing span bridge

(Bowen, and Smith1970),

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Walpole Island Bridge The Walpole Island Bridge was completed in 1970 on Indian Reserve No. 46 connecting Walpole Island to the mainland of Ontario Canada. – see Photo # 1 and Figure 7 [see references # 1 & 26]. It crosses the Snye River or Chenal Ecarte near Wallaceburg Ontario. The Canadian firm of Wyllie & Ufnal Limited designed this bridge in 1967. Only the center 218-ft outer diameter swing span is Orthotropic, while the remaining spans are 7.5-inch thick reinforced concrete on steel girders. The key dimensions of the American rib are a structural height of 8-inches, a base distance between the outside face of the trapezoidal legs of 11.50-in, bottom width of 6.5-inch and a plate thickness of 0.3125-in [ 356-mm x 305-mm x 8-mm or width x depth x thickness]. A trapezoidal “cut-out” with a snug fit suitable for welding was made for the continuous ribs. The transverse floor beams are at 11.33-ft on center and the .50-inch thick deck plate is used for the top flange. Two variable depth plate girders a 2.25-inch thick wearing surface was used. The superstructure was fabricated into four units and field spliced with A-325 bolts. A control tower controls the opening of the two-lane bridge of 28-ft clear between the 5.5-ft wide concrete sidewalks with aluminum exterior railing. This bridge remains operational. One wearing surface issue unique to bascule or drawbridges is the ability to take vertical shear loadings while the movable span is the raised position. Two reports are listed (see references # & ). Mechanical tabs to assist in this vertical loading to the wearing surface are shown in Figure # 41. This solution on the Canadian Bridge has performed satisfactorily.

VIEW FROM CONTROL TOWER THROUGH SAFETY GLASS (1970) Designed by Canadian firm of Wyllie & Ufnal Limited Photo courtesy and by Alfred Ho PE Province of Ontario Ministry of Transportation [ FIGURE ]

WALPOLE ISLAND SWING RIVER BRIDGE,CANADA (1970) Photo courtesy and by Alfred Ho PE [ FIGURE ]

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Figure . Ice-skating below the Pretoria Vertical Lift Bridge Ottawa, Ontario Canada

Aerial photo of Ottawa, top to bottom showing Highway 417 Bridge , Pretoria Vertical Lift Bridge crossing the Rideau Canal. The Rideau Canal, iconic emblem of Ottawa's beauty, is, as of today, a UNESCO world heritage site, joining twelve other Canadian sites.

\

Night photo Pretoria Vertical Lift Bridge - Photo by Kris Westwood/ copyright the "Ottawa Sun" newspaper The city is closing Pretoria Bridge to traffic for maintenance work Sunday.

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The Concordia Bridge was erected in 1965 over the St. Lawrence River in Montreal and is 690m long, continuous from abutment to abutment. The superstructure consists of three 160m central spans and two 105m end spans. The piers are designed to break the river ice in bending (Figure 4). It has a total width of 28.651m providing two 11.6m roadways, two 1.82m sidewalks and a 1.82m central median. It is a three-cell box-girder bridge with trapezoidal exterior cells with two cantilevered deck sections. The cantilevers extend 4.41m and the

Figure Concordia Bridge, Montreal Quebec Canada

Figure Concordia Bridge, Montreal Canada -(June 2005) photo by Alfred Mangus

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three cell box girder trapezoid is 19.8m, at the top and 17.37m at the bottom. The superstructure depth remains constant at 4.88m for the three central spans and tapers at the end spans from 4.88m at piers to 4.27m at the abutments. The orthotropic steel top-deck plate for the roadway has starts as thickness of 11mm, 16mm over piers one and four and a maximum of 25.4mm over piers two and three. The U-shaped closed ribs are 330mm deep, 8mm thick and spaced 609mm apart. The sidewalk deck plate has a thickness of 5/16 inch and its open ribs are split “T” wide-flange 203mm spaced 457mm apart. The 762mm deep transverse floor beams are spaced 4.57m apart with an 8mm web and a 254mm x 12mm flange. The thickness of the box girder webs and bottom flange, vary respectively from 12mm to 19mm and from 12mm to a 44mm maximum over the piers(Troitsky 1987).

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the Commission de Toponymie du Québec, which ruled that the name Papineau-Leblanc was already entrenched in local culture and non-controversial. Most locals simply refer to this bridge as Papineau.

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Beauharnois Suspension Bridge Ambient and forced vibration tests were carried out on the Beauharnois bridge, a unique, 177-m combined suspension and cable-stayed structure near Montreal, Canada. A rehabilitation

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program was completed on the bridge during which the deck was completely rebuilt with an orthotropic slab on two steel trusses. The rehabilitation program also included the addition of two pairs of stay cables on both towers, creating a hybrid suspension system.

N 45° 18.963 W 073° 54.482 18T E 585589 N 5018640

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45


Beauharnois Orthotropic Deck Bridge Quebec [ FIGURE

#

#

Beauharnois Orthotropic Deck Bridge Quebec [ FIGURE # ]

]

Beauharnois Orthotropic Deck Bridge Quebec [ FIGURE

2014

]

Beauharnois Orthotropic Deck Bridge Quebec [ FIGURE # ]

Structal Orthotropic Bridge Deck System

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Structal Orthotropic Deck System Quebec [ FIGURE # ]

Structal Orthotropic Deck System Quebec [ FIGURE # ]

Champlain Bridge

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Acknowledgements

The writing of this chapter was based on over 10 years emails the open sharing papers of my orthotropic bridge colleagues, over 300 individuals including Dr Lian Duan, who united in the creation of the 2004, 2008 and 2013 www.orthotropic-bridge.org events. The Author would like to thank the following individuals: Thank-you to Alfred Ho PE Ministry; of

Transportation Ontario, Canada; Dr. Peter Buckland, Dr Peter Taylor, Dr. Charles King all of Buckland and Taylor of the COWI Group Mr. Kennedy of SPS Intelligent Engineering, Mr. Doug Dixon of the McCormick Rankin , Mr. Eric Lévesque of Strutal, Eric Tromposch, P.Eng., Stantec Calgary and Mr. Roman Wolchuk of Roman Wolchuk consulting engineers. The Authors’ thoughts are expressed and not necessarily those of ASCE. The Authors’ e-mail: [email protected] or via [email protected]

Start of REFERENCES - there will be at least 100 [ one hundred papers from Canada] 1. 2.

ASCE – 50 Authors on various topics for www.orthotropic-bridge.org August 25 to 27, 2005, ASCE Capital Branch of Sacramento, 800+ pages. Bowen, G. J. and Smith, K. N., “Walpole Swing Span has Orthotropic Deck”, Heavy Construction News, Canada, 1970.

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3.

Bild, Stefan Durability design criteria for bituminous pavements on orthotropic steel bridge decks" Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 1987, 14(1): 41-48, 10.1139/l87-006

4.

Buckland, Peter, G. “The Lions Gate Bridge - renovation “, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, CSCE, Ottawa, Canada, Volume 8, n 4, 1981 pp 484-508

5.

Carlin, G. P., and Mirza, M. S. (1996) “Replacement of reinforced concrete deck of Champlain Bridge,” Montreal, by orthotropic steel deck Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering (23), 1341-1349

Deveau, M,L, Eppell, J, D, O'Halloran, D,P, Eisan, S, C, “Angus L. Macdonald Bridge : third lane project “ , 2001 Annual Conference and Exhibition Of The Transportation Association Of Canada, Sept 16-19, 2001, Halifax, Nova Scotia : Partnering For Success in Transportation. 2001. pp- Transportation. Association Of Canada, 2323 ST. Laurent Boulevard, Ottawa, Ontario, K1G 4J8, Canada 7. Evers, R. C. “Dense Mastic Surfacing of an Orthotropic, Bascule Bridge 73-125” Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications (June 1977) – also reprinted by Wells (Trinidad Lake Asphalt) Nutfield Road Merstham Redhill RH1 3ES Great Britain [email protected] 8. Matson, D. D. (2001), Piece by Piece: Construction of the Lions’ Gate Suspension Bridge, Vancouver, B. C., Civil Engineering, May, 40-45 9. Mangus, A. 2001. “Short Span Orthotropic Deck Bridges”, 6 th Short Medium Span Bridge Conference, May 20-22, 2001 Vancouver Canada, Ed., CSCE, 10. Mangus, Alfred, Shawn Sun Chapter 14 Orthotropic Deck Bridges, Bridge Engineering Handbook, 1 St ed., Chen, Wai-Fah, Duan Lian Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton Florida, 1999.Matson, Darryl D. Piece by Piece, in "Civil Engineering Magazine", May 2001, n. 5 v. 71 11. Mangus, A. 2014. “Chapter 16 Orthotropic Deck Bridges”, Volume Two Superstructure Bridge Engineering Handbook, 2nd Edition hen, W. F. and Duan L. Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. http://www.crcpress.com/ 12. Mangus, A. 2002. “Orthotropic Deck Bridges Constructed in Cold Regions.”, Proceedings 11TH Cold Regions Engineering Conference, May 20-22, 2002 Anchorage, AK, Merrill, K., S. Ed., ASCE, Reston, VA. www.asce.org 6.

13. Podolny, W. Jr., and Scalzi, J. B., Construction & Design of Cable-Stayed Bridges, John Wiley & Son , New York, NY, 1976. 14. Spratlin, Matthew, Rapid Orthotropic Deck Replacement for Alberta Three-Span Bridge, Alberta Transportation, SMSB Calgary July 2014 15. Taylor, G. W. , 1984, “Design of the Murray and Wolverine River rail bridges” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 11 pp 703- 708 16. 17. Troitsky, M S, Cable-Stayed Bridges: Theory and Design (ISBN 0258970340 / 0-258-97034-0) 18. Troitsky, M. S. 1987 "Orthotropic Bridges - Theory and Design," 2nd Edition, The James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation, http://www.lincolnelectric.com/services/educate/innovate.asp, Cleveland, Ohio, pp. 200 19. Tromposch, Eric "Calgary's Peace Bridge" Canadian Consulting Engineer; Mar/Apr2014, Vol pp 28 & 29 with cover photo 20. unknown Lions Gate deck replacement on the last move, in "Bridge Design & Engineering", 4th Quarter 2000, n. 21 v. 6 . 21. Wolchuk, R., Orthotropic Redecking of Bridges on the North American Continent, Structural Engineering International, IABSE, 2(2), 125, 1992.

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