Performance Measurement of Watermark

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Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the ... Measurement of Watermark Embedding Patterns, Second International Workshop on Digital ...
University of Wollongong

Research Online Faculty of Informatics - Papers

Faculty of Informatics

2003

Performance Measurement of Watermark Embedding Patterns R. Scealy University of Wollongong

R. Safavi-Naini University of Wollongong, [email protected]

N. P. Sheppard University of Wollongong, [email protected]

Publication Details This paper was originally published as: Scealy, R, Safavi-Naini, R & Sheppard, NP, Performance Measurement of Watermark Embedding Patterns, Second International Workshop on Digital Watermarking 2003 (IWDW 2003), Seoul, Korea, October 20-22 2003, 77-85.

Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact Manager Repository Services: [email protected].

Performance Measurement of Watermark Embedding Patterns Abstract

Segmented watermarking is an approach to multiple watermarking that can be used to acknowledge the contribution of multiple authors or to embed a fingerprint code-word, but is susceptible to cropping attacks that discard portions of the watermarked media. Careful selection of the watermark embedding pattern can increase the resilence of a segmented watermark in the presence of cropping attacks. In this paper, we consider performance measures for embedding patterns and compare the performance of several proposed embedding patterns using these measures. Keywords

digital watermarking, fingerprinting Publication Details

This paper was originally published as: Scealy, R, Safavi-Naini, R & Sheppard, NP, Performance Measurement of Watermark Embedding Patterns, Second International Workshop on Digital Watermarking 2003 (IWDW 2003), Seoul, Korea, October 20-22 2003, 77-85.

This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/infopapers/415

 

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