Posters

Posters On the presence of Geomantis larvoides in Liguria: new observations after 69 years and preliminary considerations about its biology and distribution. William Di Pietro 1, Oscar Maioglio 2 & Rachele Amerini 3 1 Associazione Culturale Arthropoda Live Museum, Via Modena 1, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni (Mi), Italy [email protected]; 2 Associazione Naturalistica Piemontese, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Cascina Vigna - Via S. Francesco di Sales, 188 10022 Carmagnola (TO), Italy [email protected]; 3 Geograficamente, Strada Postumia 139 Vicenza, Italy [email protected] Geomantis larvoides Pantel, 1896 is a small sized mantis with Mediterranean distribution. In this work we present a new and numerous population of G. larvoides from Pompeiana (IM), observed 69 years after the first record of La Greca (1954). Field work was carrying out from March to August 2018, sampling in seven different sites, recording over 300 infdividuals of mantids. High density values have been recorded in the study area, suggesting that low interest has been given to the Italian northern distribution of the species. Mantodea biodiversity and conservation in Tunisia: current status and challenges. L.A. Guariento 1, V. Sartore 1, U. Devincenzo 2, Z. Bouregaoui 3, I. Petri1, E. Moretto 2, R. Ouni 3 1 Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, [email protected]; 2 Esapolis Invertebrate Museum, Padova, Italy; 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, El Manar II 2092, Tunis, Tunisia The mantis fauna of Tunisia has only occasionally been subject of research since the 19th century, despite the great ecological and biogeographical value which characterise the Maghreb biodiversity richness. In a newly published book, representing 15 years of research conducted by the last author, biodiversity and distribution of Mantodea in Tunisia are described presenting a total of 21 species (with 3 new species confirmed, Ameles assoi Bolivar, 1873, Heteronutarsus aegyptiacus Lefebvre, 1835 and Sinaiella raggei Kaltenbach, 1991, and a dubious one, Ameles moralesi Bolivar, 1936, therefore excluded from the checklist). Of the 21 species, 6 are endemic to the Maghreb region (28.6%) and one to Tunisia (4.7%), constituting an important biodiversity hot spot for the praying mantis fauna in the Mediterranean basin. From this perspective, much remains to be done in order to understand the poorly known ecology and taxonomy of most species, especially the rarely detected ones, and thus to evaluate their conservation status. Furthermore, only three species of the Tunisian mantis fauna have been assessed for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and one single of these is endemic to the Maghreb. In this communication, in addition to present a brief account for mantis biodiversity in Tunisia with a focus on the new recorded species, we highlight potential threats for conservation emerged during a field expedition in the country from north to south. In particular, habitat

fragmentation and destruction due to human activity along the coasts are severely affecting known stations of species recorded in the last 15 years.

Tetrix tuerki (Krauss, 1876) in Poland - endangered species of the Carpathian river valleys. Anna Liana & Wioletta Wawer Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, Warsaw 00-679, Poland, [email protected] The pygmy ground-hopper Tetrix tuerki was considered a threatened species and placed on the European Red-List of Grasshoppers, Crickets and Bush-crickets in 2016. It is known from the main mountain ranges in Europe: the Alps, Carpathians, and Balkans. In Poland it has been observed in most of the great Carpathian river valleys, from the West – the river Soła (the Beskid Żywiecki Mts.) to the East – Wołosaty (the Bieszczady Mts.), in over 60 localities, some of which no longer exist. The reason is u usually human activity. The biggest threat is the construction of dam reservoirs – the creation of the Czorsztyn Lake resulted in the disappearance of T. tuerki in the Pieniny Mts., from Niedzica to Krościenko. Other threats are the straightening and deepening of river-beds and the embankments along their sides, for example, the river Soła, over which the populations of T. tuerki are scattered, with small numbers of specimens. Even mass tourism can cause the loss of pigmy groundhopper sites, as probably happened in the Kościeliska valley (Tatry Mts). This ripicol-geophilous species inhabits the stony-pebbly shores of mountain streams and rivers, overgrown with the pioneer plant association Saliceto-Myricarietum, with false tamarisk Myricaria germanica (L.) as a characteristic plant species. The best living conditions for both species – the plant M. germanica and the grasshopper T. tuerki are found along the braid sections of rivers (e.g. Czarny Dunajec, Białka Tatrzańska, Ochotnica), where annual floods ensure the constant presence of moist alluvium and the inhibition of plant succession towards the riparian forest. The grasshopper Chorthippus pullus (Phil.), observed in a part of the T. tuerki localities, seems to be an indicator of good environmental conditions, like false tamarisk. Two other species of Orthoptera, Bryodemella tuberculatum (Fabr.) and Sphingonotus coerulans (L.), noted on the Alpine rivers, have been never observed at the sites of T. tuerki in Poland. After examining material from 140 native and 30 foreign specimens, we are convinced that some morphological key features are very variable. For example, the upper and lower edges of femur I and femur II may be: a/ simple, b/ waved with small lobes, c/ waved with large lobes. Similarly, the shape of the frontal ridge changes from almost straight, through slightly concave, to strongly depressed. Both native as well as Slovak and Balkan examined specimens have intermediate features in most cases. The structure of pronotum is one of the more constant and characteristic features of T. tuerki – it is strongly flattened, with slightly elevated lateral lobes and a median keel with a small “umbo” [bump] in the front part. Another hitherto unknown feature of the species, occurring in almost all individuals (88%), is “a kink” – (“knick” in German at Tetrix ceperoi Bol., by some authors), the fault formed on the 1/5 terminal part of the upper edge of the hind (III) femur. Another feature not previously seen, and found here in 70% of specimens, is the structure of the hind tibiae. They are arched in half their length and extended in the terminal part, in this way they imitate paddles. The structure of the hind legs and the presence of lobes on the front and middle femurs are probably adaptive features to their habitat conditions, for swimming and moving over the swamp. Some populations of T. tuerki have become gradually more isolated, which may result in the narrowing of the variability of some morphological traits, e.g. lack of lobes on femurs I and II, which are considered to be key ones. This caused, in the past, the description of new species or subspecies: e.g. T. gradojevici Karaman. 1960, T. wagai Bazyluk, 1962, T. tuerki orientalis Harz, 1979.

"Relationship between Orthoptera richness and pastoralism in Mediterranean mountains of southern Balkans" - "The threatened genus Peripodisma used as a key indicator to point out the negative impact of introduction of non indigenous breeds of cattle" Michèle Lemonnier-Darcemont 1, Vassiliki Kati 2, Luc Willemse 3, Christian Darcemont 1 1 Corresponding author. G.E.E.M., P.O. Box 60, 48060 Parga, Greece. Email: [email protected] 2 Depart. of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. Email: [email protected] This study examined the effects of pastoralism, including cattle grazing, on populations of three species of locally endemic and rare Peripodisma grasshoppers in calcareous grassland mountain habitats of northwestern Greece and southern Albania. The three Peripodisma species (P. tymphii, P. llofizii, P. ceraunii) are included in the 2016 IUCN Red List as respectively near threatened, endangered, and critically endangered species, and cattle grazing had been identified as a key threat to the species. All three species are OroMediterranean species that occur above 1100 m elevation, and have similar habitat preferences. The study sites represented 70% of the known locations of Peripodisma genus. The region was historically grazed by local breeds of nomadic sheep and goats, but changes in pastoralism have emerged in recent decades, particularly in Greece, due to links with the European Economic Community. Grazing practices had recently shifted to cattle grazing from non-local cattle breeds in some studied sites. We found a clear relationship between local abundance of Peripodisma and overall richness of Orthoptera communities on the studied sites. The «overall richness of Orthoptera community» is an indicator composed of a combination of Species richness (Number of different species), Quality of richness of the community (Ratio of species with low ecological valence, i.e. narrow ecological amplitude, found on the site to the total number of species recorded), Equitability index (Predominance or not of some species) and Richness of vulnerable species (Relative abundance of low ecological valence species). Due to its conservation status and its relationship with overall Orthoptera richness, the use of the genus Peripodisma as an indicator genus for the environmental health of grazed montane vegetation formations, seems an appropriate choice. Overall Orthoptera richness decreased at sites with medium to high impacts of livestock grazing. Cattle grazing had significant adverse effects on overall Orthoptera communities’ richness and on Peripodisma abundance. Cattle generally arrive earlier in the season (due to their wider foraging habits) and compete early and directly with phytophagous species of Orthoptera, unlike sheep which are present only in summer on these pastures. This is particularly the case with Peripodisma (Peripodisma diet is mainly forbs). Moreover, the introduction of breeds of cattle into inappropriate lands (lands very different from the original land of the breed), induces a quick process of degradation through the decrease of the herbaceous field layer. Further studies are urgently needed to gather more data and information to guide grazing management and conservation planning that will provide a more balanced coexistence between livestock and Orthoptera, especially for the rare Peripodisma species that are in dire need of conservation management.

The status of Saga pedo (Orthoptera: Tettigonidae) in Veneto, Northern Italy: need for integrative conservation in a mosaic of vineyards, farmland and natural areas. L.A. Guariento 1, E. Bagno 1, E. Moretto 2 1 Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; 2 Esapolis Invertebrate Museum, Padova, Italy; [email protected] The predatory bush cricket Saga pedo (Pallas, 1771) (Tettigonidae: Saginae) is the largest european orthoptera, an obligatory carnivorous species, xerothermophilous and parthenogenetic tetraploid. Its distribution has been assessed all over Southern and Central Europe to West Siberia, although in highly scattered populations of few individuals, often barely detectable within fragmented xerothermic oasis. Although the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has recently ranked the species from Vulnerable to Least concern for its wide distribution, conservation of S. pedo and its habitat, characterized by warm and sloping grassland or shrubland, still remains necessary to stop the trend of population decline taking place in several countries. As for Italy, S. pedo presence has been assessed all over the country (except for Basilicata Region) within hill and mountain habitats, mainly on pervious limestones substrate and rocky outcrops in xerothermic conditions as in the rest of Europe. In the specific case of Veneto region, the first record of the presence dates back to 1937 in the Soave hilly area (Verona), yet the most significant assessments were carried out in the prealps of Pove (Vicenza) from 1989 to 1996. Since then, only sporadic records have been registered and the species needs to be monitored in nature to understand the size and trends of the local populations, as well as the potential threats to its conservation. The purpose of this research is to verify S. pedo populations in already known sites from past records and to find new areas of presence, in order to assess the local status and to evaluate conservation measures. Interestingly, single individuals, at least 2 km distant from each other, have been found in the Lessinian hills (Verona), within a vineyard-dominated habitat mosaic (“Vapolicella DOC” wines) of farmland and abandoned grassland. The effect of vineyard farming practices on S. pedo populations and orthopteran communities (abundance and species richness) need to be tested in order to integrate human economy and biodiversity conservation. Anchy on the top: population dynamics and molecular analysis of Anonconotus italoaustriacus Nadig, 1987 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) in North – East Italy. Federico Marangoni, Filippo M. Buzzetti, Gionata Stancher Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto, Borgo Santa Caterina 41, I-38068 Rovereto (TN), Italy; [email protected] Anonconotus is endemic genus of the Alps and the Apennines. In Italy there are several species mostly in the western Alps, with only one species in the eastern Alps: Anonconotus italoaustriacus Nadig, 1987. This species has a very restricted distribution, in fact it being know only for few locations in Austria and Italy. It was for this restricted distribution that this species has been identified as endangered species by the IUCN. From the literature the species is present in Italy with four populations: the population of Belluno Dolomites (Vette Feltrine) (Bl), Scilliar Group (Alpe di Siusi)(Bz), San Candido (Monte Elmo) (Bz) and Monte Altissimo (Tn) but this last data wasn’t verified. All Anonconotus species are mycropterous, so that populations can be assumed as disjunct. The aim of this study was to verify the presence of A. italoaustriacus in the areas reported in the literature, and to create accurate distribution maps to facilitate the studies planned for 2019. These studies will concern the dynamics of the different populations and will compare the different populations with the help of bioacoustics and genetics. From the surveys of the 2018 emerged that: the populations were present in a small area like a slope for Monte Elmo and Alpe di Siusi, while on Vette Feltrine the population was present on a vegetative glacial debris formation.

These areas have been mapped and the area occupied by the species calculated, which was 41.752 m2 for Monte Elmo, 212 m2 for the Alpe di Siusi and 2.350 m2 for the Vette Feltrine, while the population of Monte Altissimo seems to be extinct. Population dynamics of busch-cricket Pholidoptera aptera aptera (Fabricius, 1793) (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) in the area of Regional Park Colli Euganei. Federico Marangoni, Filippo M. Buzzetti, Gionata Stancher Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto, Borgo Santa Caterina, 41 - 38068 Rovereto TN, Italy. In the last years some changes have been observed on Orthoptera population in the North – East Italy. These modifications were generally attributable to the pullulations, these were of considerable interest because they can lead to important agricultural impacts. The interest for the subject of this study arose from the fact that only recently the species was observed in pullulations on the Euganean Hills. The aim of this study was to investigate the population of Pholidoptera aptera aptera (Fabricius, 1793) present on the Euganean Hills trying to understand its real distribution in the area of interest, estimate the number of individuals per area and estimate the sex ratio. From the sampling emerged that P. aptera wasn’t homogeneously scattered throughout the area of the Euganean Hills but was only distributed in the western part of the area. The population of P. a. aptera had a lot of specimens between June and July. We recognized the species as “in pullulation” for the high number of specimens we found. The analysis of marking and recapture showed that the population is very abundant in two western area of Euganean Hills. From the analysis of the sex ratio emerged that the population of Euganean Hills had a higher percentage of females compared to males. The data suggest that the population of P. a. aptera next year will be higher than the population observed by the study. The cave crickets of the Italian fauna (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae and Gryllidae): present status and future perspectives. Claudio Di Russo1,2, Mauro Rampini1,2 and Claudio Chimenti1 1 Laboratorio di Biospeleologia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologia “C. Darwin”, Università La Sapienza di Roma; [email protected] 2 CaveLife, Gruppo di Ricerca-Roma Among the Ensifera orthopterans, only members of the two superfamilies Rhaphidophoridea and Gryllodea have colonised cave habitats from most of the continents of the Earth with the only exception of Antartica. In particular 12 species belonging to the family Rhaphidophoridae (9 to subfamily Dolichopodainae and 3 to subfamily Troglophilinae) and 7 species included in the family Gryllidae (subfamily Gryllomorphinae) occur in the caves of the Italian peninsula. Morphology in the Rhaphidophoridae appears almost homogeneous sharing the absence of wings, tarsi with 4 segments, body dorsally convex and a size ranging between 2.5 and 5 cm. The hind legs and the antennae are very elongated; the females show the typical sword-like ovipositor formed by 3 pairs of valvae (two elongated and one short). On the contrary members of the family Gryllidae show a cylindrical body with a rounded head. The hind legs are not elongated with strong femurs. In the females the ovipositor, formed by 2 valvae, is straight, relatively elongated and acute at the apex. Most of the cavernicolous species of this family are apterous or show tiny wings. The bioacoustic organ are absent. The Italian species of both families can ecologically considered as troglophiles, depending upon the subterranean habitats for at least one or more stages of their life cycle. In this contribute the present status of the species of both families (Rhaphidophoridae and Gryllidae) inhabiting Italian caves is discussed highlight those still critical aspects of their taxonomy and ecology.

The Orthoptera Collection at the Museu Nacional (MNRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Pedro G.B. Souza-Dias Laboratório de Orthoptera, Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, [email protected] The MNRJ is under the administration of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, and completed 200 years in 2018. It is the oldest scientific institution in Brazil, and the biggest national history museum in Latin America, with a collection of more than 20 million artifacts and specimens. On September 2nd a terrible fire destroyed the São Cristóvão Palace, the main building of MNRJ. The Palace housed the exhibition, administration offices, departments, and the main scientific collections, involving 90 main researchers and a community of hundreds of people, among researchers, technicians, and students. MNRJ had the biggest collection of Orthoptera in Brazil. It had around 35.000 grasshoppers (Caelifera), thousands of Ensifera (the collection was not counted before the fire), and types of 273 species of Caelifera: Acrididae (171), Eumastacidae (5), Proscopiidae (13), and Romaleidae (84). The Caelifera collection had approximately 2,4000 mounted specimens (14,200 Acrididae, 600 Romaleidae, 350 Ommexechidae, 345 Proscopiidae, 295 Pyrgomorphidae, 65 Pamphagidae, 60 Eumastacidae), and more than 10.000 specimens in cotton beds. The Laboratório de Orthoptera (Orthoptera Lab) was recently created. For now, the main activities of the Laboratory are try to get fundings to rebuild a laboratory, and, mainly, a collection; and planning field trips to get material for the new collection. Although I’m specialist in crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera, Grylloidea), mainly Phalangopsidae, the most diverse cricket family in Neotropics, the new collection will cover all the Orthoptera families. The main research lines are: 1) behavior, biology, evolution, taxonomy and systematics of Grylloidea; 2) diversity of Orthoptera in Brazilian ecosystems; 3) molecular systematics of Luzarinae (Phalangopsidae). The Orthoptera Lab is also in facebook: Laboratório de Orthoptera – Museu Nacional, and Instagram @orthopteramnrj. Moreover, the Lab is open to joint projects and partnerships.

Emotional States and Conscience Fields in the Hexapods. Roberto Ferrari 1 and Gianprimo Molinaro 2 1. C.A.A. "Giorgio Nicoli" S.r.l., Via Argini Nord 3351, 40014 Crevalcore (BO) 2. Via Valloscura 125 Chiampo 36072( VI) Italia, [email protected] In his work “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals”, C. Darwin observes that generally, as there are functional and anatomical homologies (today we would also say “genetic-metabolic” homologies) between man and animals, so it is possible to find homologies in the internal states. H. Maturana and F. Varela go further, arguing that a living system is always, at the same time, a cognitive system (autopoiesis). Every living being, if it is such, is at the same time a mind, understood as the capacity to experience. Every living being is always a field of experiences. A cognitive system requires internal non-objective states (emotions, feelings and cognition) and a first-person inner center which is also non-objective (fundamental conscience field) that experiences it. Here we propose a phenomenological way of reduction in the first person in order to investigate its non-objective nature (not for lack of technical analysis but because of its own nature). We then observe how this can work as a new paradigm for investigating the internal states even of phylogenetically distant living being such as hexapods. We will further use this paradigm (biophenomenology) to analyze two entomological phenomena: the Honey Bee’s dance and the escape reaction in the Cabbage Whites. In this regard we will try to distinguish between the contents of experience (animal emotions and knowledge) and the field of experience that contains them, which in our opinion is the

“big absentee” in the debate about animal sentience. The path that we propose is developed in three steps: first, starting from a phenomenology in the first person, we will highlight the non-reducibility of the inner experiences and of the conscience field that contains and makes them possible; secondly we will introduce some examples of zoo-phenomenology taken from direct field experience; and thirdly we will draw some conclusions that we consider important and we will indicate some possible future directions for research. Ultrasound Recording: the Pain and the Gain. Cesare Brizio, WBA-World Biodiversity Association onlus, c/o Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria, 9 - 37129 Verona, Italy, [email protected] Filippo M. Buzzetti, Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto, Borgo Santa Caterina, 41 38068 Rovereto TN, Italy. In the last five years, we tested the ultrasonic microphone Dodotronic Ultramic 250, recording mostly Orthoptera. This recent experience in bioacoustic research on insects, allow us to draw a portrait of this tool. There are some intrinsic constraints, i.e noise band at 1 kHz, poor response under 30 kHz, lack of directionality, old version with only two fixed gain options. Despite these limits, there are many other good characteristics: ease of deployment, self contained, affordable, sturdy and reliable, multi platform, light, three fixed gain option, new versions development. These considerations aside, the use of Ultramic 250 gave scientific results on Cicadas and Orthoptera, for taxonomy and conservation.

Talks Working with Antonio Paolo Fontana Fondazione Edmund Mach, Centro Trasferimento Tecnologico. Unità Protezione delle piante agroforestali e apicoltura. I-38057 Pergine Valsugana (Trento), via della Val, 2 - Loc. Costa di Casalino. [email protected] I had the great fortune to have very special masters in my entomological studies and in particular in the field of orthopteroid insects. Two in particular helped to make my natural passion for research mature, namely Antonio Galvagni and Marcello la Greca. With Antonio Galvagni, however, also due to the geographical proximity, I also shared a lot of time both in the field and in the laboratory. Man of great culture and exquisite ways, Galvagni had at first kept me a little distant, at least before he knew that my passion was genuine. But as soon as I had the chance to show him that I could be a collaborator and a colleague, our collaboration began. In 15 years we have published 12 joined works, describing some new species and contributing to the knowledge of some particularly difficult or little studied genera of Orthoptera and Dermaptera. Even if the articles published with Antonio bring all his name as first author, our work have been obtained with a total sharing of contents, which always came after a thorough discussion on the subject of our researches. Galvagni was able to exploit and encourage my skills such as photography, the preparation of microscopic semplings, the morphometry and the implementation of fast and intense field rips. Antonio taught me that observing species in their environment, whenever possible, is fundamental. He transmitted to me the need to make accurate descriptions and even more detailed illustrations. Antonio was an unsurpassable scientific sketcher, and his illustrations generally have the precision of photography and the usefulness of schematic drawing. In addition to scientific collaboration, a profound human relationship was born immediately. Galvagni told me many stories of his past life and honored me by dedicating me a new species of Dermaptera. I would have reciprocated a few years later by dedicating him a Sardinian species of orthoptera. Working alongside and in many cases for Antonio Galvagni, has made me grow as an entomologist, as a naturalist and as a man. European Orthoptera Conservation Axel Hochkirch Universität Trier, Fachbereich VI, Raum und Umweltwissenschaften, Biogeographie Campus I, Gebäude N Universitätsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany [email protected] The European Red List of Orthoptera has been published in 2016 and includes Red List assessments of 1,082 Orthoptera species. The assessment process took two years and involved numerous experts from all over Europe. For the first time, we have created distribution maps for all species and gathered all available information about their status. Overall, 25.7% of the European Orthoptera species are threatened, which illustrates the strong need for conservation action on the ground. However, the Red List process also

showed how little we know about many species. The distribution of many species is still insufficiently known and the taxonomy of some species or genera is in need of revision. For many species, we lack detailed knowledge on their ecology and threats, which makes Red List assessments difficult. Even though only 107 species (10%) have been assessed as Data Deficient, the population trends of most species are unknown and could only be inferred from habitat trends. The European Red List includes 16 species described by Antonio Galvagni with more than half of them listed in a threatened category. Three of them are Critically Endangered (Chrysochraon beybienkoi, Italopodisma lagrecai, Podisma magdalenae), four are Endangered (Anonconotus ligustinus, Anonconotus sibyllinus, Ephippiger ruffoi, Pterolepis elymica), two Vulnerable (Dolichopoda pavesii, Anonconotus mercantouri) and three Near Threatened (Pseudopodisma nagyi, Barbitistes vicentinus, Rhacodleis baccettii). The European Red List assessments have instigated some new research, including explorative faunistic research for lost species or those that have only been documented a few times. For two species, the Crau Plain Grasshopper (Prionotropis rhodanica) and the Adriatic Marbled Bush-Cricket (Zeuneriana marmorata), conservation strategies have been developed and are meanwhile being implemented. It will now be important to instigate similar measures for other threatened species. Spatio-temporal origins of high-frequency calls in crickets Tony Robillard Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France, [email protected] Adaptive radiations are major drivers of diversification triggered by novel ecological opportunities or opening of new niches due to key innovations. In the crickets Eneopterinae, the males use high-frequency signals (> 12 kHz), which may represent a key innovation for the radiation of this subfamily and the first step of a successful new communication system: In the tribe Lebinthini, females lack phonotaxis but reply to the male’s high-frequency call by producing vibrations transmitted to the male through the plant substrate. As for any adaptation, clues about past causes can be searched for through the study of the present state, but they can also be investigated by looking back at the past ecological context where the change occurred. In this work, we combine calibrated molecular phylogenetic studies, biogeographical inferences of ancestral areas and phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate the “when” and the “where” of the origin of the new communication system in the Lebinthini. We gathered data about morphology, bioacoustics, habitats and time of activity (14 traits) for 42 species. For each trait, we estimate the ancestral states at each node of the phylogeny and establish the context in which high-frequency calls arose based on information about past climates, vegetation and communities of predators and competitors. We review the different causes invoked to explain the evolution of high-frequency calls and the new system of communication. Mediterranean Orthoptera: state of the knowledge. Bruno Massa Dipartimento di Scienze agrarie, alimentari e forestali dell’Università di Palermo, Italy, [email protected] Mediterranean Europe is the westernmost tip of Eurasia; it extends southward with three peninsulas, Balkan, Italian and Iberian, from East to West, characterized by important reliefs and surrounded by a lot of archipelagos. Also Maghreb is characterized by important reliefs. The number of Orthoptera in this wide region (2,500,000 km2) is very high. In the Quaternary the southern Mediterranean peninsulas hosted hotspots of species richness, rarity and

endemicity with implications for genetic characterization in single populations. Furthermore, during the last glacial event of Pleistocene (ca. 18,000 BP) Central Europe was largely covered by tundra and cold-steppe vegetation, unsuitable habitats for Orthoptera; some species could survive in the southern part of Europe, mainly in the peninsulas, where they found suitable refuges. Mountains of South Europe (e.g., Balkans, Alps, Apennines, Pyrenees, Sierras) were consequently important areas for the Orthoptera diversity and evolution of endemic taxa. In addition, some northern species remained isolated and we today consider them as glacial relics (e.g., Gomphocerus sibiricus, currently distributed to South Europe). These paleogeographic characteristics contributed very much to the proportion of endemic taxa in the Mediterranean area. The author presents the current status of knowledge of Orthoptera in the different countries of Mediterranean Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, reporting some numbers of known species and recent references for some countries. The actual knowledge results to be heterogeneous, in the last decades new species have been described and revisions have been carried out, but some countries still are needed of further researches to highlight the actual number of taxa and in particular the comprehensive list of threatened species for the all the Mediterranean area. Molecular phylogeny and classification of Chelidurella Verhoeff, stat. restit. (Dermaptera). Markéta Kirstová, Petr Kočárek Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic; [email protected] The genus Chelidura Latreille, 1825 (sensu Steinmann 1993) (family Forficulidae) combines 27 earwig species with Eurasian distribution. The genus includes flightless species with broad body and rudimentary tegminae. Based on the shape of male pygidium, Verhoeff (1902) erected two new genera – Mesochelidura with wide and faintly protruding pygidium, and Chelidurella with long and pointed pygidium. Although, Steinmann (1993) synonymized both genera back with Chelidura. Species that meet the definition of the genus Chelidurella have their centre of distribution in the Alps, and this is a complex of 9 morphologically similar and closely related species. Our results confirm generic status of Mesochelidura, Chelidura and Chelidurella, and these are removed from the synonymy with Chelidura and reinstated as valid genera. We clarified phylogenetic position and taxonomic statute of Chelidurella species, using both molecular phylogenetic and comparative morphology methods. We identified genus Chelidurella as monophyletic, with six strongly supported clades. We described a new species to science, Chelidurella galvagnii sp. nov., from Austrian Alps, and synonymized one species, C. guentheri Galvagni, 1994. Our results indicate that male pygidium so far used as diagnostic character is not appropriate character for species identification among Chelidurella genus. Distribution patterns in Mediterranean Mantodea Roberto Battiston Musei del Canal di Brenta, Palazzo Perli, Via Garibaldi 27 VALSTAGNA (VI), Italy [email protected] The Mediterranean is a well known hot spot for biodiversity and regarding Mantodea this area counts more than 130 species, more or less known in their distribution and taxonomy. While the largest species diversity is probably represented by the borderline genera Eremiaphila and Rivetina both well adapted to dry semi-desert habitats, the true Mediterranean diversity is lead by the tribe of Amelini. Amelini are represented here mostly by the genera Ameles and Pseudoyersinia both with overlapping distributions all over the

Mediterranean. Some specific morphological characters like the wing reduction, which traditionally separate the two groups, have been found to be more frequent in the western regions while other as the wing colors or the presence of spines in the male genitalia seems to appear or disappear in mixed geographic groups painting a complex biogeography for this group. Modern distribution patterns may not be completely explained by geographical separations or defined migration routes, but by a gene flow that may be strongly influenced by human activities other than environmental factors and re-discussed in a shifting scenario.

Singing with your wings, hearing with you limbs Fernando Montealegre-Z, University of Lincoln, School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Office JBL 1W-24 Green Lane, Lincoln, LN6 7DL United Kingdom, [email protected] Ensifera (Orthoptera) are amongst the earliest terrestrial arthropods to develop acoustic communication. Male crickets, grigs and katydids are known to produce mating calls by tegminal stridulation (the rubbing together of specialized structures on the forewings). The general biomechanics and bioacoustics of this system are relatively well understood in modern crickets and bush-crickets. While most species of crickets and grigs use humanaudible frequencies (e.g., 2-20 kHz) for communication, a large number of species of katydid communicate with signals in the ultrasonic frequency range (20-150 kHz). The lineages leading to katydids and crickets diverged by the Permian, some 270 mya. What did these insect’s calls sound like? Did they have specialised ears? In my talk I will describe how a detailed understanding of the anatomy and biophysical function of acoustic organs in living species can help us to gain insight into the evolution of acoustic communication in the Ensifera. The physical reality of ears and wings of extant species could be incorporated in finite element models to recreate the acoustic properties of these structures. By applying the same models to reconstructed, fossilized wings and ears, we will then be able to infer the resonances of these systems and thereby the likely frequency ranges used in acoustic communication by these extinct taxa. A more detailed understanding of the evolution of acoustic communication in Ensiferans will in turn enable us to shed light on changes in the sensory physiology and the palaeoecology of these insects and their predators through time. Orthoptera Bioacoustics, Soundscapes: toward regional shared sound libraries G. Pavan Centro Interdisciplinare di Bioacustica e Ricerche Ambientali Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Universita' di Pavia, Via Taramelli 24 - 27100 PAVIA – I [email protected] Bioacoustics and ecoacoustics are emerging tools in biodiversity science and biodiversity conservation: from the recognition and monitoring of individual species through to soundscape analysis and description, they provide new insights and approaches for science, conservation, and education. Ecoacoustics is a recently defined interdisciplinary science, based on bioacoustics and ecology, that investigates natural and anthropogenic sounds and their relationship with the environment over a wide range of study scales, both spatial and temporal, at individual, community and population level. Ecoacoustics operates in all types of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems extending the scope of acoustics and bioacoustics and providing tools for the monitoring and the management of the environment. The long term recording of soundscapes, now made possible by a range of diverse equipment, allows to monitor soundscape changes driven by both local habitat alteration and global climate changes. Sound libraries play an important role in collecting, cataloguing and make recordings available to both professional and citizen scientist. To date, most libraries collect bird

sounds, however there is an increasing trend in expanding soundscape collections to document the acoustic environment in its complexity, including insect sounds, in a wide range of frequencies. Galvagni’s 50 years collecting: study perspective. Filippo M. Buzzetti Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto, Borgo Santa Caterina 41, I-38068 Rovereto (TN), Italy, [email protected] Antonio Galvagni has been one of the cornerstones in Italian orthopterology. His activity, of collecting, studying and publishing, covered about 50 years. He contributed with his classic but effective way: planning expeditions across Italy, collecting with a net, preparing and studying its own material in comparison with that received from other students, making his drawings by himself, publishing the results in his institutional journal. He did this all from his home lab, in his free time and the only institutional point of reference was the Museo Civico di Rovereto. Despite this apparently old fashioned work, he studied many aspects of Italian Orthopteroid insects, formed a collection enviable even for some institutions, making his contribution clear and stable. On the steps of such a master, other entomologists started studying Orthopteroid insects, finding a solid block of knowledge and intriguing topics to deal with. The effect of his scientific work still developing after his departure: the Museo Civico di Rovereto acquired his collection and recently another huge Orthopteroid collection, that of Paolo Fontana, so that the museum holds now the largest Italian Orthoptera collection. The entomological activity at the museum is therefore increasing with researches on various aspects of Orthoptera and not only (taxonomy, conservation, ethology, bioacoustics), conferences and publications, making the Museo Civico di Rovereto a renewed benchmark for entomology in Italy. This is the Gavagni Legacy.