SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AT BANGALORE. Naveen. ... waste disposal satisfies suitability criteria as ... It has been labeled the Garden City.
Proceedings of second national conference on Innovative practices for sustainable energy and waste management: Coimbatore, (April24-25, 2009) SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AT BANGALORE Naveen.B.P M.Tech. Student, Dept. of Civil Engg. NITK, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar-575025 ABSTRCT The present study involves Solid Waste Management Strategies at Bangalore. Solid waste includes garbage, ashes, rubbish. etc The quantity of solid waste produced in city depends on the type of the city, its population, living standards of the residents and degree of commercialization, industrialization and various activity prevailing in that city Bangalore city generates about 1746 tons of municipal solid waste per day. Such statistics include bulk waste, construction debris and Health care waste and here landfill site selected for solid waste disposal satisfies suitability criteria as per MSW rules and landfill gases released can be recovered and can be used as an alternative source of energy. INTRODUCTION Bangalore is the capital city as well as the political, social and economic hub of the state of Karnataka. It is also the 5th largest city in all of India as well as one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas. Topographically, Bangalore is located on the South Deccan plateau, while it stands at an average elevation of 3113 ft from MSL. Owing to this elevation, Bangalore is bestowed by mild summers and cool winters. It has been labeled the Garden City of India owing to its amazing quantity of flowering trees and expansive parks. Solid waste Management (SWM) is a universal problem with Bangalore being no exception. Over the years the city has grown significantly both in population and in density, which has resulted in great pressure being forced on the resources of the city, which in turn has contributed to an exponential increase in the generation of Solid waste to a level which is beyond the city ability to cope.
Solid waste includes garbage, ashes, rubbish.etc The quantity of solid waste produced in city depends on the type of the city, its population, living standards of the residents and degree of commercialization, industrialization and various activity prevailing in that city. Bangalore Mahangar palika has identified two sites in Bangalore city as engineered landfill sites. Mavallipura engineered landfill site is the main site, situated at survey no 108, mavallipura village, Hesaragatta zone, Bangalore north, Bangalore , Karnataka state is used for processing Municipal solid waste generated from the city. The area of sites is 100 acres, located at about 20Km away from the city. WASTE GENERATION Bangalore city generates about 1746 Tons of Municipal solid waste per day (TPD). Such statistics include bulk waste, construction debris and health care waste. As per the TIDE quantification survey of 2001, they estimate that the average waste generation rate per capita is 0.27 Kg per day, based on a population of 5.6million people. Table 1.0 gives the Municipal Waste Generation in Bangalore 2001 WASTE REDUCTION Bangalore city generates about 1746 tons of municipal solid waste per day. Such statistics include bulk waste, construction debris and Health care waste. Waste reduction much depends on the generators of waste and the habits of the generators. At the corporation level, adopting waste reduction measures could be difficult, at the most they can spread awareness among societies and industries in particular in 62
Proceedings of second national conference on Innovative practices for sustainable energy and waste management: Coimbatore, (April24-25, 2009) adopting less waste producing systems, like reduced packing material etc., EFFECTIVE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Window composting is one of the oldest methods of composting. In its simplest form, a windrow compost system can be constructed by forming the organic material to be composted into windrow 8 to 10ft high by 20 to 25ft wide at the base. A minimal system could use a front end loader to turn the windrow once per year. While such a minimal system would work, it could take up to three to five years for complete degradation. Also such a system would probably emit objectionable odours, as part of the windrow will be anaerobic. COMPOSTING METHODOLOGY The methodology adopted shall be as follows: Waste is delivered in windrow. Inoculum is sprayed on the waste in required quantities. Water is sprayed on the waste. Each windrow is turned on 6th and 11th days outside to the centre to provide aeration. This also destroys insect’s larvae. Turning is carried out by using front end loaders etc. On 16th day windrow is broken down. It is then passed through a rotary screen of about 25mm square mesh to remove oversize contrary material. The oversized material is sent to landfill for disposal.
SHOULD INCLUDE ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING
Effective waste collection and optimal transportation. Resource recovery through sorting and recycling i.e. (recovery of materials) such as paper, glass, metals .etc through separation. Resource recovery through waste processing i.e. recovery of materials such as compost (or) recovery of energy through biological, thermal or other process. Waste transformation (without recovery of resources) i.e. by reduction of volume toxicity (or) other physical (or) chemical properties of waste to make it suitable for final disposal as per the guidelines by down in municipal solid waste. FINAL DISPOSAL IN LANDFILL. Waste handling and sorting, storage and processing at the source. Collection of the segregated waste at the source. Transfer and transport. Sorting, processing and transformation.
Disposal in landfill. COMPOSTING FACILITY Composting is a form of recycling. The composting of municipal solid waste can help decrease the amount of solid waste that must be sent to landfill thereby reducing disposal costs. At the same time, composting yields a valuable product that can be used by farmers, landscapers, horticulturist, government agencies, and property owners as a soil amendment or much. The compost product can be used as a soil conditions.
Screened compost packaging.
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MAVALLIPURA SITE FEATURES The proposed site situated at survey no. 108, Mavallipura village, Hesaragatta zone, Bangalore North, Bangalore, Karnataka state shall be used as processing of Municipal Solid waste generated from the Bangalore city. Table 2.0 gives the Mavallipura site 63
Proceedings of second national conference on Innovative practices for sustainable energy and waste management: Coimbatore, (April24-25, 2009) features. Fig 1.0 shows the Flow diagram of the composting process. LANDFILL DETAILS USED FOR DISPOSAL OF WASTES. The depth of landfill is 4m. The clay liner thickness at base landfill is 1m. Permeability of clay liner is < 1x10-9 cm/s. The liner placed in layers not exceeding 300mm and then compacted to the desired permeability and then raised to a total thickness of 1m. The clay liner is compacted at +4% wet OMC. The top of the clay liner, as well as the base of the landfill was effectively graded to attain a clear slope of 2% towards the leachate collection sump. A network of lateral and header pipes were then placed in the landfill for effective collection of any leachate generated in the landfill. The leachate collection pipes are embedded in a drainage media for effective collection of leachate. The drainage media shall be also flow into the leachate collection sump. A geo-textile barrier is placed over the drainage media to ensure only liquid percolation into the drainage and thus also ensures that the drainage media does not get choked. Daily and intermittent covers of soil shall be placed over the wastes on a regular basis to ensure that odor generation is minimized. This also acts as a barrier thus providing for fire protection and effective
movement of waste dumping trucks into the landfill. It further minimizes the bird menace by way of minimizing the exposure of waste. Before capping the landfill gas vents and gas collection system shall be fitted to ensure that any gas generated in the landfill shall be effectively collected. The gas quantities are presumed to be small and hence they would be destroyed in the flare stack. However, if excess gas is collected it shall be collected and utilized for energy recovery. As the final grades are achieved a clay cap is placed over the intermittent cover to further minimize infiltration of rainfall in the landfill. The clay cap shall be 900mm thick with a low permeability of 10-09m/s.
DISCUSSION From the studies, it is observed that the poorly operated landfill operations may cause problems due to bad odors, insects, vermin, blowing papers, rats and scavenger birds, apart from the dust and noise from waste transporting vehicles and compacting operations. Continuous field compaction of the loose refuse and proper covering with earth at the end of each day’s operation reduce these problems. Volume reduction by high pressure compaction may ensure an aesthetically acceptable operation. The public health problems are minimized because flies, rats and other pests are unable to breed in the covered refuse, there is no air pollution from burning and fire hazards are minimal. Unmixed compost will undergo anaerobic decomposition, leading to the production of odors. Because occasional odor events are impossible to eliminate, special attention must be devoted to the factors that may affect biological production of odors. Causes of odors in composting operations include low carbon to nitrogen(C/N) ratios, 64
Proceedings of second national conference on Innovative practices for sustainable energy and waste management: Coimbatore, (April24-25, 2009) poor temperature control, excessive moisture, and poor mixing. If the composting operation is not conducted properly, the potential exists for the pathogenic organisms to survive the composting process. The absence of pathogenic organisms is essential if the product is to be marketed for use in application where public exposed to the compost. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Landfill site selected for Solid waste disposal satisfies suitability criteria as per MSW rules 2000. Study and design of different Solid waste disposal systems at the proposed site suggests that landfill gases released can be recovered and can be used as an alternatively source of energy. Based on the study of different Solid waste systems, composting technique is the best suitable method for Solid waste treatment suggested for the present study from the economic point of view.
Table 1.0 Municipal Waste Generation in Bangalore 2001 Source Quantity(Tons/day) Residence and 1562 Shops Markets 84 Hostel and 96 Restaurants Commercial 6 Premises Total 1783 Table 2.0 Table gives the Mavallipura site features Features Climatic Conditions
Land use Present Land use Staple Food Major crops in the study Waterarea bodies and dams,and canals Hills Mountains Reserve forests Ecologically sensitive zones Socio-economic
REFERENCES (1.) Bangalore Mahangara Palika, Solid waste landfill site development office, Bangalore. (2.) Karnataka Compost Development corporation office, Bangalore.
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Details Summer-temperature ranges from 28 to 36c Winter – temperature ranges from 16land to 25c Barren Dry land with patches of eucalyptus Rice, Ragi Ragi, Maize,jowar, vegetables other Hessargattaand water tank- 5.5 Km10 km None within None within 10 Km None within 10 Km Predominatly agricultural based
Proceedings of second national conference on Innovative practices for sustainable energy and waste management: Coimbatore, (April24-25, 2009) Fig 1.0 shows the Flow diagram of the composting process. Weigh bridge Waste Stacking
Windrow
Rotary sieving Rejects of Landfills Transfer by tractor- trailer
Maturation yards
Packing and sale
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