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UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS, NIGERIA IN DE ED

1 st

H UT AND IN TR

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INCLUSIVITY, EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN NIGERIA

DATE Tuesday 12th - Wednesday 13th September, 2017 VENUE AFE BABALOLA HALL, Dan Fodio Boulevard, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria

PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

IN DE ED

H UT AND IN TR

UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS, NIGERIA

1 st

National Conference on Inclusivity, Equality and Diversity in University Education in Nigeria Tuesday 12th - Wednesday 13th September, 2017

SUB-THEMES The Philosophy of Inclusivity Inclusivity and Communication Social Inclusion, Sexuality, Population and Development Inclusivity: Leaving no one behind in Nigeria Inclusivity, Equality and Diversity in Education Legal Framework, Mechanism and Inclusivity Inclusivity and Universal access to Healthcare Capitalism and Inclusivity Inclusivity, Equality, Diversity and Public Health CONFERENCE CHAIR: PROFESSOR TOYIN OGUNDIPE Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Academic and Research UNILAG. CONFERENCE CO- CHAIR: PROFESSOR ADEBAYO ONAJOLE, Professor of Community Medicine and Public Health University of Lagos CONFERENCE CO-CHAIR: DR MORENIKE FOLAYAN Associate Professor of Paediatric Dentistry at the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Conference website: www.inclusivity2017.com

Creating an inclusive society in all aspects of life

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. Schedule of Activities

13 - 22

2. Book of Abstracts

23 - 50

Creating an inclusive society in all aspects of life

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PROF. RAHAMON A. BELLO Vice Chancellor, University of Lagos

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PROF. OLUWATOYIN OGUNDIPE Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academics and Research) University of Lagos

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PROF. BEN OGHOJAFOR Deputy Vice Chancellor (Management Services) University of Lagos

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PROF. FOLASHADE T. OGUNSOLA Deputy Vice Chancellor (Developmental Services) University of Lagos

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CONFERENCE CO-CHAIR

P

ROFESSOR ADEBAYO TEMITAYO ONAJOLE of the Department of Community Health & Primary Care of the Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, is a Fellow of the West African College of Physician, Fellow, National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria, Chairman, Faculty Board, Faculty of Public Health, National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria and National Vice-Chairman, Association of Public Health Physicians of Nigeria. He became a Professor in 2010. He has served the College of Medicine and University in both administrative and professional capacities as a member of several committees. He was appointed Head of Department, Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria from 1st November 2006 to 31st July 2010 and August 2012 to 31st July 2015. He has served as a member, Board of School of Postgraduate Studies, University of Lagos, Nigeria (2004 – 2006). He was also the Director, Institute of Child Health and Primary Care, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, from Dec. 2008 to July 31st 2014 and the Chairman, Board of Studies, School of Health Information Management, Lagos University Teaching Hospital from 2010 till date. He served as the Director, Communication and Social Mobilization, Ebola Emergency Operation Centre Lagos, August to November, 2014. The erudite scholar has also served as a member, Accreditation team on behalf of the Faculty of Public Health, National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria and Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria to several Universities.

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CONFERENCE CO-CHAIR

D

R. MORENIKE FOLAYAN works as a lecturer and researcher with the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife.

She is a public health advocate with specific interest in addressing oral, sexual, reproductive and mental health of children and adolescents. She also published extensively and had engaged in public health discuss at local, national and international level on issues of adolescent sexual and reproductive health, sexual and reproductive health of key populations, biomedical HIV prevention research and development, bioethics consideration on community engagement in research, and the pros and cons of community engagement in research. She has experience with the use of both qualitative and quantitative research methods and the translation of research into policies and programmes.

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CHAIRMAN LOC PROFESSOR FOLUSO EBUN AFOLABI LESI Professor Lesi graduated MBBS in 1984 from the College of Medicine, University of Lagos and obtained the Fellowship of the Faculty of Paediatrics of the West African College of Physicians (FWACP (Paed.) in 1994. In 1997, he obtained the Masters (Msc) with distinction from the University College London. In 2011, he was awarded the Fellowship of the prestigious Royal College of Physicians of London (FRCP). His areas of interest are Paediatric Neurology (CNS Infections, Seizures and Disability) and Child Development. He was the Secretary-General of the West African College of Physicians. He was the Chairman of the LUTH Chapter of the Medical and Dental Consultants Association, the Deputy Chairman, Medical Advisor y Committee, LUTH and the Dean of the Faculty of Clinical Sciences. He is the current Provost of the College of Medicine of the University of Lagos. 09

CHAIRMAN OPENING CEREMONY OTUNBA DR. OLUSEYI AYOTUNDE ROBERTS THE OTUNBA GBAGENGHA OF ONDO KINGDOM Otunba Dr Oluseyi Ayotunde Roberts is a scion of the Leyo Ruling House of Ondo kingdom. He attended the Ibadan Grammar School before gaining admission to the University of Ibadan Medical School for Prelim Medicine. He subsequently graduated as a Medical Doctor in June 1975 and after compulsory National Service in 1976, Otunba Dr Roberts gained admission for residency training in Internal Medicine at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) from 1977 till 1985 during which time he also attended a postgraduate fellowship in Neurology at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. He was a research fellow at Harvard Medical School in the areas of Neuropathology, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurology under the renowned Prof Raymond Adams the acclaimed 'Grandfather of Neurology'. He was admitted as a fellow of the National Post-Graduate Medical College in 1983 and of the West African College of Physicians in 1991. He co-founded the Royal Cross Medical Centre, Obalende in 1982 with two friends, Omo Oba Dr Doyin Okupe and Dr Ladi Okuboyejo, and after resigning from the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) in 1985 joined the practice full time, and has been the Medical Director and Consultant Neurologist to date. He is a visiting Consultant Neurologist to several hospitals and corporate medical facilities in Lagos, and to most of the leading HMOs in the country.

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CITATION OF PROF. ISAAC E. UKPOKOLO

I

saac Ehaleoye Ukpokolo hails from Ugboha, Esan South-East of Edo State and holds a B. A, M.A and Ph.D degrees in Philosophy from the University of Ibadan. He presently occupies a professorial chair in the Department of Philosophy, University of Ibadan. As a scholar, his area(s) of interest include Logic and Critical Thinking, African Philosophy, Methodology of Research and General Philosophy, and his areas of competence includes Metaphysics, Philosophy of Religion, Philosophy of History and Philosophy of Culture, while his areas of specialization are Epistemology and Philosophy of Science. In these areas, he has published widely in national and international academic spaces. He has served as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Philosophy, Lagos State University, External Examiner in the Department of Philosophy, University of Lagos, Akoka, External Examiner to Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, External Examiner, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Assessor of Candidates for consideration for promotion to the rank of professor at Kogi State University, Anyigba, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Ondo State and University of Ghana, Legon. He has served as Head of Department in the Department of Philosophy, University of Ibadan and presently serves as member of the University Senate as well as member of the University Senate Committee for the consideration of candidates for the position of Emeritus Professor.

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

CONFERENCE SPONSORS AND PARTNERS

•Lagos State Ministry of Youths, Sports and Social Development

Journalists Against AIDS JAAIDS

The New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society NHVMAS

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES Monday 11th September 2017: Pre-conference

TIME

ACTIVITIES

9.00am – 10.00am

Registration Tea Break

10.00am – 12.00noon

HAI Round Table

Programming for Minorities: Diversity within Minorities

12.00noon – 1.00pm

Abstract session

1.00pm – 2.30pm

Lunch

2. 40pm – 4.40pm

Youth Summit

(All Sub-themes)

Drama Dialogue Capacity Building

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Tuesday 12th September 2017 Time

Activities

8.00am – 9.00am

Registration

9.00am – 10.30am

Plenary session

10.30am – 11.00am

Tea break

11.00am – 12.30am

Break out session A (Civil society NHVMAS) IED and the public health response (Speakers and Discussion)

Break out session B (Philosophy/Mass Communication – Abstracts, Q&E)

12.40pm – 2.00pm

Break out session C (Civil society TIERs) – Sociology, Sexuality and Minority Inclusion (Abstracts and Discussion)

Break out session D (Healthcare & Medicine – Abstracts, Q&E)

2.00pm – 3.00pm

Lunch

3.00pm – 4.30pm

Break out session E (Business – Speakers and Discussion)

4.30pm – 6.30pm

Opening Ceremony

Break out session F (Disability – Speakers and Discussion)

Wednesday 13th September 2017 Time

Activities

9.00am – 10.30am

Plenary session

10.30am – 11.00am

Tea break

11.00am – 12.30am

Break out session G (Communication - JAAIDS) Speakers and Discussion

12.40pm – 2.00pm

Break out session I (Women – Abstracts and Discussion)

2.00pm – 3.00pm

Lunch

3.00pm – 4.30pm

Closing Plenary

Creating an inclusive society in all aspects of life

Break out session H (Legal) Abstracts and Discussion

Break out session J (Adolescents and Young People – Speakers and Discussion)

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

OPENING PLENARY Tuesday 12th September 2017 CHAIR

PROFESSOR AFOLABI LESI

SPEAKERS

1. Ethics of Inclusivity – PROF JIM UNAH 2. Inclusivity and Sustainable Development – PROF A OGWEZZY-NDISIKA 3. An Assessment Of The Legal Framework For Inclusivity, Equality And Diversity In Nigeria BAMIDELE IFEOLUWA 4. Indigene-Settler Dichotomy And The Quest For Citizenship In Nigeria: A Political Economy Approach UCHEGBU GODWIN EZURIKE 5. Teachers' Knowledge And Practice Of Inclusiveness As Determinants Of Students' Interest And Participation In Higher Education Classrooms In Lagos State – DR OLATUNDE FUNSO AZEEZ 6. The Practice Of Inclusion, And The Training Needs Of Inclusive Education Teachers In Relation To Geographical Location In Lagos State MANUEL MOJISOLA 7. Inclusive Education And Equal Opportunities As New Educational Strategy In Secondary School: A Case Study Of Sokoto State ARMIYA'U BALA

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

BREAK OUT SESSION A CHAIR

MS OLAYIDE AKANNI

SPEAKERS

1. Equity, public health education and practice DR TOYIN MEJIUNI 2. Inclusivity, public health education and practice DR OLIVER EZECHI 3. Diversity, public health education and practice DR BOLADALE MAPAYI

BREAK OUT SESSION B CHAIR

PROFESSOR ADEBAYO ONAJOLE

SPEAKERS

1. Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Handwashing Among Caregivers Of Under-Five Children In Lagos State TOMMY S SOLOMON 2. Assessing Caregivers' Input At Design Stage Of Behavioural Change Messages Of Water, Sanitation, And Hygiene Campaigns (Wash) In Lagos State ORIVRI HA 3. Inclusion And Participation Of All Stakeholders In Climate Change Communication Governance Is The Pathway To Sustainable Agricultural Development'--- Farmers In Southwestern Nigeria OYEDELE O J 4. Proposing “Anima Factoris” Criterion: A Critique Of Pulmonary And Brain Death Criteria – AUGUSTINE GEORGE FARIONLA 5. The “Diversity And Inclusiveness” Philosophy As A Business Imperative For The 21st Century WAHEED DAWODU 6. Diversity Without Inclusivity: A Critical Inquiry CHIDI ISAAC IGWE 7.

Brain Death And Organ Transplant: An African Moral Perspective ANI, AMARA ESTHER

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

BREAK OUT SESSION C CHAIR

MS ARIT OKPO

PRESENTERS 1. Socio-Economic And Environmental Background And Attitudes Of Youth Towards Same-Sex Union And Families In Lagos Metroplis, Nigeria – DR JOHN LEKAN OYEFARA 2. Perceptions On Same Sex Marriage And Diverse Sexual Expressions Among Undergraduates Of University Of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos - EBORKA K 3. Knowledge Attitude And Factors Affecting The Practice Of Sexuality Education Among Parents In Alimosho LGA, Lagos - REMY-KINGSLEY E 4. Sexual Diversity & Minorities, Programming For Change And Advocacy EMMANUELLA DAVID-ETTE 5. Virtual Spaces And Adolescents Persons In Nigeria, Should We Be Worried: Lessons From Baseline Study Among University Students In North-Central Nigeria -IFEKANDU CHIKENDU 6. Measuring HIV Prevention Impact On Key Affected Population Through Community Town Hall Meeting - BABAMOLE RAMON OLANREWAJU 7.

Being-With-Others: Metaphysics Of Social Relations - MIKE ONI

BREAK OUT SESSION D CHAIRMAN

PROFESSOR JD ADEYEMI

PANELLISTS

1. Correlates Of Access To Health Services For People With Intellectual Disabilities In Two Selected Health Facilities In Lagos State - BABALOLA MH 2. Knowledge And Prevalence Of Hypertension Among Market Women In Alimosho Local Government Area, Lagos State - EMINA VA 3. Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Prevention Of Mother-To-Child Transmission Of Hiv Among Traditional Birth Attendants In Urban Lagos - LALA TO 4. Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Among Adolescents In Surulere Local Government Area Of Lagos State - ONOCHIE MH 5. Awareness And Willingness To Pay For Community Based Health Insurance In Ikorodu Local Government Area – ODUSOLU YETUNDE O 6. Factors Associated With Depression Among Gay And Heterosexual Male Nigerian University Students - OLAKUNLE OGINNI 7.

Advances And Anomalies Of Virtual Reality Technologies In Medicine AUGUSTINE GEORGE FARINOLA

Creating an inclusive society in all aspects of life

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

BREAK OUT SESSION E CHAIRMAN

PROFESSOR WELLINGTON OYIBO

PANELLISTS

1. Special Adviser to Mr Ambode on Education 2. BABAFEYISOLA MESEKO - Human Resources Manager, British Council 3. Inclusivity, Equality, Diversity and Capitalism DR EUGENE OHU, Head, Department of Organizational Behaviour/Human Resource Management Lagos Business School, Pan-Atlantic University 4. Business Ethics, Inclusivity and Diversity MR TONYE PREGHAFI, Divisional Managing Director Red Star Freight Limited

BREAK OUT SESSION F CHAIRMAN

PROFESSOR FEMI ODUNSI

PANELLISTS

1. DR BABATUNDE TIJANI AWELENJE General Manager Lagos State Office for Disability Affairs 2. Green Architecture at University Of Lagos: Inclusivity for Physically Challenged People - ARCH DAVID ADIO-MOSES 3. DR KUNLE ADEKUNLE ABIODUN Ministry of Justice Lagos State 4. PROF. OLATUNJI AINA, Head, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos

Creating an inclusive society in all aspects of life

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

OPENING CEREMONY 4.30 – 4.40

Introduction to the High Table

4.40 – 4.45

National Anthem

4.45 – 4.50

Welcome Address PROF AFOLABI LESI

4.50 – 4.55

Opening Remarks PROF ADEBAYO ONAJOLE

4.55 – 5.05

Address by Chairman Opening Ceremony OTUNBA DR. OLUSEYI AYOTUNDE ROBERTS “The Otunba Gbagengha of Ondo Kingdom”

5.05 – 5.20

Goodwill messages

5.20 – 5.30

Address by Special Guest of Honour

5.30 – 6.20

Keynote Address PROF. ISAAC E. UKPOKOLO Professor of Philosophy, University of Ibadan

6.20 – 6.30

Vote of thanks and Closing Cocktail Departure

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

OPENING PLENARY WEDNESDAY 13th September 2017 CHAIRMAN

PROF UNAH

SPEAKERS

1. Inclusivity and the Elderly – PROF JOHN OBASORO 2. Social Exclusion and Albinism – DR O. O. AYANLOWO 3. The Tranquility Of Order And Economic Development: A Discourse On Compassion And Humaneness In Nigeria – DR NWUDEGO NKEMAKONAM CHINWUBA 4. The Practice Of Inclusion, And The Training Needs Of Inclusive Education Teachers In Relation To Geographical Location In Lagos State – DR MANUEL MOJISOLA 5. Prevalence Of Oral Diseases And Access To Oral Health Care Amongst Elderly In Rural Area – DR AKINBOBOYE BOLANLE 6. Eni òrìșà –Eni Òwò: The Theory For Respecting The Physically Challenged Among the Yoruba – DR AKIN-OTIKO, AKINMAYOWA, O. P.

BREAK OUT SESSION G CHAIRMAN

MR LEKAN OTUFODUNRIN, The Nation Newspapers

PANELLISTS

DR ADEBUKOLA ADEBAYO, Joint National Association of Persons with Disabilities OLAYIDE AKANNI, Journalists Against AIDS (JAAIDS) MS EJIRO OKOTIE, National Association of the Blind

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

BREAK OUT SESSION H CHAIRMAN PANELLISTS

PROFESSOR OYELOWO OYEWO 1. IGP SOLOMON EHIGIATOR ARASE rtd. fdc NPM 2. Lagos State Urban Renewal Policy: Worryingly Excluding and Discriminatory Against the Poor - DR ABIODUN ODUSOTE University of Lagos Human Rights Clinic 3. MRS OLUBUKOLA SALAMI Director Office of the Public Defender Lagos State 4. Is The Legal Framework Responsive To Inclusivity, Equality And Diversity In Nigeria - VIVIAN C. MADU 5. Critical Evaluation Of The Tool Of Equality In Enhancing The Values Of Diversity And Inclusivity In University Education - DR. SIMEON IGBINEDION

BREAK OUT SESSION I CHAIRMAN SPEAKERS

PROFESSOR AYODELE ATSENUA 1. Lagos State Ministry of Women Affairs and Poverty Alleviation 2. Customary Law And Practices As Limiting Factors To Female Reproductive Empowerment In Nigeria – DR ADEGBITE FOLASHADE ROSE 3. Gender Disparity In The Socio-Economic Burden Of HIV/AIDS – A Case Study, APIN (AIDS Prevention Initiative In Nigeria) Clinic, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria – DR OLAGBAJU TITILOPE 4. Rehabilitation And Reintegration Of Commercial Sex Workers In Sokoto State LAMI SULEMAN 5. Women, Education And Development In Southwest Nigeria, 1960- 2015 ILESANMI T. E 6. Fertility Desires And Use Of Contraception Among Female HIV Positive Patients Attending The APIN Clinic, Luth - DR. AINA A, 7. Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Birth Preparedness And Complication Readiness Amongst Pregnant Women In Eti-Osa Lga, Lagos MBONU EBERE OGONNA

BREAK OUT SESSION J CHAIRMAN

LAGOS STATE AIDS CONTROL AGENCY

TOPIC:

Inclusivity, Equality and Diversity in HIV and SRH for AYP; Threats and Opportunities 1. HON. OYELEKE OLAYINKA, Chair, House Committee for Disability, Lagos State Youth Parliament 2. MR. OMOSHEHIN VICTOR OLAORE, NEPWAN National Coordiator 3. DR. OSINACHI NKIRUKA UBANI, Medical Officer of Health, Lagos Mainland Local Government 4. MRS. F.M TAIWO, Lagos State Ministry of Youths, Sport and Social Development 5. DR. ESTHER O. SOMEFUN, ASRH/HIV Program Analyst UNFPA

PANELLISTS

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

CLOSING PLENARY 3.00 – 3.10

Introduction to the High Table

3.10 – 3.20

Address PROF ADEBAYO ONAJOLE

3.20 – 3.30

Intersecting Diversity and Inclusion in Challenging Settings BISI ALIMI

3.30 – 3.40

Positive Deviant of the implementation of the Health Reform Law of Lagos State PROF. O. A. ABOSEDE

3.40 – 3.50

Rapporteurs report DR. CHIOMA EJEKAM

3.50 – 4.00

Next steps DR ADEKEMI SEKONI

4.00 – 4.10

Address Chairman LOC PROF AFOLABI LESI

4.10 – 4.20

Vote of thanks and Closing Departure

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Book of

Abstract

Creating an inclusive society in all aspects of life

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS IED/PHI/17/01

IED/PHI/17/02

ETHICS OF INCLUSIVITY

PROPOSING “ANIMA FACTORIS” CRITERION: A CRITIQUE OF PULMONARY AND BRAIN DEATH CRITERIA.

Jim Ijenwa Unah Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, University of Lagos [email protected], 08023030746 The objective of this intervention is to expound and amplify the thesis that the fundamental problem of the human society and all social institutions is not so much the failure to recognise the imperativeness of diversity but, rather, the lack of ethical stamina and capacity to effectively cognize and synthesize the conflicting interests in society. Findings reveal that institutions of society have continued to decay and collapse essentially because ethical instructors and moral engineers erect the ethical architecture of society on a weak foundation; often achieving little or no result in the socially desirable direction. This paper contends that the right and most result-oriented approach to ethical domestication which instills the culture of inclusivity, is one that constructs and anchors admirable moral character on the active cooperation of the 'self' and the 'other'. While other ethical standards may fail in getting everybody on board in pursuit of a common objective in a diverse environment, the morality erected on the architecture of the 'self' and the 'other' as the moral standard would, ultimately, without coercion, elicit cooperation, consensus and reciprocal solidarity. Ethics is the scientific study of human conduct; the systematic study of the norms of moral actions or the philosophical study of the standards for evaluating the rightness or wrongness of human actions. Consequently, the ethics of the 'self' and the 'other' inculcated in a sustained and systematic manner invariably produces human populations that habitually accommodates uncomfortable reality and makes equity and inclusivity an article of faith in the management of diversity. Extensive bibliographic exegesis and critical analysis of existing and new concepts will constitute the methodology of inquiry. Key Words: Ethics, Conflicting Interests, self and the other, Consensus, Reciprocal Solidarity

Augustine George Farinola, Jim Ijenwa Unah, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, University of Lagos [email protected], 08034340692 In the late 1950s, with the advancement in medical technology, human beings could not be defined dead on the ground that they could no longer breathe or that the heart beat had stopped. Why? This was because some persons presumed to be dead could be reanimated using mechanical ventilators and cardiopulmonary reanimation. Thus, “Brain death” (BD) criterion was introduced, such that a person is considered dead once there is an irreversible loss of brain function. This position led to a great debate among medical practitioners and scholars on ascertaining an alternative criterion by which a human being could be defined dead. Thus, in an attempt to avoid burying human beings alive or transplanting their organs for monetary gains, the paper posits “Anima Factoris” criterion as an alternative. This criterion is built on a holistic understanding of human nature, in which consideration is given to the non-physical, nonempirical, immaterial component of the human person which is sometimes called the Soul, Spirit, or Vital Force – that which determines human consciousness, as well as the ability to revitalize the human person even when the organs had disintegrated. Thus, the aim of this paper is to highlight the inadequacy of both 'pulmonary' and 'brain death' criteria, with the objective of demonstrating that only the departure of the psychic, non-physical comportment of the human person could determine when death actually finally occurs. Findings from 'back-from-death' instances (case studies?), telepathic and psychic experiences and parapsychological phenomena garnered from metaphysical or ontological investigation confirm the 'Anima factoris' proposal and beckons its inclusion in Africa medical procedure in the final determination of death. The methodology adopted is bibliographic review and analysis of existing case studies. Key Words: Brain death, 'anima factoris', pulmonary reanimation, psychic experiences

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS IED/PHI/17/03

IED/PHI/17/04

THE “DIVERSITY AND INCLUSIVENESS” PHILOSOPHY AS A BUSINESS IMPERATIVE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

ADVANCES AND ANOMALIES OF VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE

Waheed Dawodu, Jim Ijenwa Unah Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, University of Lagos [email protected], 07014072264

Augustine Farinola, Jim Ijenwa Unah Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, University of Lagos [email protected], 07066842352

The Paper aims to discover whether the D & I (Diversity and Inclusiveness) Philosophy as a Business Imperative impacts upon organisational growth and corporate profits; as well as acts as a powerful employeemotivator for forward-looking organisations. Consequently, the purpose of the Paper is to show that it is imperative for organisation's top management to put in place a workplace philosophy that respects, values, and harnesses the fruitfulness of ideas, backgrounds, and perspectives of a diverse workforce. This is because managing diversity seems to be an imperative for corporate profitability and increased turnovers. The methodology employed in this Paper is the qualitative, research-based approach, whereby the researcher traces the history of progress in various fields of human endeavours which seems to indicate that developmental ideals have often come from nonconformists -- “the peacocks”– who do not accept the status quo. Research outcomes thus seem to suggest that geniuses often challenged popular views, and revolutionized human thoughts and ideas. Clearly therefore findings from a wide variety of successful and enduring business organisations have indicated that of the five types of birds that exist in an organisation, viz., the Penguins, the Peacocks, the Pigeons, the Sparrows, and the Ostriches, it is the non-conformist peacocks that lead the way. Further, findings indicate that negative assumptions, “stereo-types” and beliefs about other races, ethnic groups, nationalities, religions, age, genders, and skills impair organisational development and corporate profitability. Finally, findings indicate that diversity is now an issue because the contemporary world is a global village in which customers and markets that organisations serve are becoming more and more diverse.

Medical education in Africa has dwelt so much on the use of books and cadavers. But in recent times, attempt is being made towards the adoption of Virtual Reality (VR) technology in Medicine. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the use of VR medical technologies like Virtual Human Performance Laboratory, Open Surgery Simulations,3D Visual Simulation, Haptic Interface Module, Real Time Imaging, Telesurgery, Cyber therapy, Neuro-VR, and Surgical Robots, have offered several benefits as well as challenges. Finding reveals that considering reports of Medical errors or deaths due to mistakes in the deployment of these gadgets, there is a need for a better appropriation in the adoption of these technologies, and the importance of exploring the African indigenous medical techniques still being used un-prestigiously in rural communities. Thus, the paper applauds the merits of VR Technology in promoting learning in Medicine, and also raises the issue of unreliability of those Machines in the course of swapping from the Virtual Patient to the actual human patient. Most importantly, they are prone to misinterpretations and errors. The paper proposes that Medical practitioners in Africa could take advantage of the use of VR Technologies in surgical training, and also emphasizes the need to make a global contribution to Medical practice by developing indigenous orthopedic practices which have not been adequately researched or ignored altogether over the years. The paper concludes that attempts made in promoting research in this regard are practical steps towards inclusivity in health care delivery. The methodology of this research is qualitative; using descriptive analysis of existing case studies. Key words: Virtual Reality, Technology, Education, Indigenous Medicine, Inclusivity.

Keywords: Diversity, Inclusiveness, Iceberg of Differences, Business Imperative, Profitability.

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS IED/PHI/17/05

IED/PHI/17/06

BRAIN DEATH AND ORGAN TRANSPLANT: AN AFRICAN MORAL PERSPECTIVE

BEING-WITH-OTHERS: METAPHYSICS OF SOCIAL RELATIONS

Ani, Amara Esther,1 Oladele, Olayemi Tosin,2 Igboeli, Tochukwu Cynthia3 1 [email protected] Department of Philosophy, Lagos State University Ojo, Nigeria, 08167997011. 2 [email protected] Department of Philosophy, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria. [email protected] Department of Philosophy, University of Nsuka, Nsuka, Nigeria. One of the arguments for brain death is that it is anodyne for organ transplant. Numerous strands of this argument are collectively referred to as the 'Pro-brain death.' A fragment of the arguments says that braindeath, in enhancing organ transplant, saves life. If this is true, what implication does it have for the concept of death? How do we differentiate between brain death and real death in order to conduct organ transplant? Is it morally right to take organs of a brain death patient to save critically ill patients waiting for organ transplant for survival? Bearing it in mind that the refusal of organ transplant may terminate such a patient's life, should we refuse organ transplant? In short, does saving a life justify organ transplant from a brain death patient? This paper seeks to examine the consonance and dissonance of brain death and organ transplant in African moral perspective, using the Yoruba traditional belief as a case study. This examination is carried out with the Yoruba philosophy of death (iku) and life after death (aye atun wa). We noted that the Yoruba acknowledged death as the annihilation of consciousness. For them, death is not an end in itself rather it is a transition to ancestral world. Its methodology is critical and comparative. In Yoruba tradition, it is believed that those who died with incomplete body parts are rejected in the ancestral world. Hence, this study will show, firstly, that brain death is not real death and would be alien to the Yoruba. Secondly, that brain death does not bother the Yoruba as their 'metaphysics' foresees and overlaps the pitfalls of brain death. Therefore, the fundamental thesis of this paper is that within the Yoruba cultural milieu, the consonance being established by pro-brain death is insufficient in justifying organ transplant from a brain death patient; and this, in turn, establishes the dissonance explicit, but easily ignored by pro-brain death, in brain death discourse. The paper argues that Yoruba traditional conception of death is normatively incompatible with organ transplant. It then concludes with a call to quite the pretence of brain death as life saviour mechanism.

Mike Oni, Jim Ijenwa Unah Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, University of Lagos [email protected], 08055057345 This paper argues the thesis that the recognition of the freedom of Others is germane to peaceful co-existence, which is imperative for sustainable developmental goals. The aim is to demonstrate that the authentic pathway to peace and development in a plural society is the acceptance of the freedom of Others; the rejection of which is often an open invitation to anarchy. The freedom of the Others is a brute fact that can neither be denied nor wished away. Though the individual is charged with the responsibility to affirm his being and actualise his historical possibilities, findings from ontological analysis reveal that humans still need social relations to actualize their enlightened self-interest. It is obvious then that the pursuit of authenticity by the individual does not promote the elimination of the Others; for “the self is not alone or isolated from others”. Evidently, a philosophy of social relations that fosters the conditions of egalitarianism and unfettered access of everyone to discourse; to recognition, and participation in every sphere of existence is the foundation of the concept of inclusivity. The work thus offers an alternative paradigm for societal peace through the metaphysics of being-with-others, which is an inclusive understanding of human reality. The orientation of this paper is that human beings as social beings must recognize not only the existence of the Others, but also their right to participation, care and attention. Thus, a philosophy of being-with-others is the antidote to social insurrection. The method of this research is hermeneutics or interpretative discourse of existing concepts. Keywords: Metaphysics, Freedom, Authenticity, Beingwith-Others, Hermeneutics.

Keywords: brain death, organ transplant, Yoruba, morality.

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS IED/PHI/17/07

IED/MC/17/08

DIVERSITY WITHOUT INCLUSIVITY: A CRITICAL INQUIRY

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF HANDWASHING AMONG CAREGIVERS OF UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN IN LAGOS STATE

Chidi Isaac Igwe, Jim Ijenwa Unah Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, University of Lagos [email protected] 08034340692 The concept of diversity expresses a situation, in which different components constitute a whole in a uniquely different manner, or it could also be described as a condition of affairs in which entities such as peoples, races, cultures, life ways or practices manifest varying degrees of differences and identities. Two broad ways of understanding diversity are easily distinguishable. Diversity could be understood in terms of exclusivity or better still, it could be understood in terms of inclusivity. When understood in exclusivist terms, diversity becomes a problem because vital aspects of reality are decreed out of recognition, support and attention, only because they fail the test of familiarity. But when understood in inclusivist terms, diversity becomes a blessing as it then allows unfettered access of all persons and groups to discourse, to participation, to care and attention. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to clarify the concept of diversity with the objective of demonstrating that it has been more of a curse than a blessing to mankind. Findings reveal that the exclusivist understanding of diversity throws up crisis and conflicts in human relations. The crisis bedeviling modern societies in the social and political realms down to professional practices-- such as medicine-- is a consequence of the exclusivist understanding of diversity. On the other hand, the inclusivist understanding of diversity brings everybody on board and creates room for participation and for the disclosure of what people truly think and feel. The method most suitable for this kind of analysis is phenomenology, which teaches that things or groups should be allowed to speak for themselves as they truly are. Keywords: Diversity, exclusivity, inclusivity, participation, phenomenology

Solomon S Tommy, Ogwezzy-Ndisika, AO Department of Mass Communication, University of Lagos [email protected], 08094368233 The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which caregivers in Lagos State know of hand washing (especially as a means to promote child health) and investigate the attitude and practice of hand washing among the under-five caregivers. Specifically, the study was designed to, amongst others, determine the level of exposure to information on hand washing among underfive caregivers in Lagos State; determine the level of knowledge of hand washing among under-five caregivers in Lagos State; assess the disposition of under-five caregivers in Lagos State to hand washing; determine the extent under-five caregivers in Lagos State practice hand washing and identify the factors that influence hand washing practice among under-five caregivers in Lagos; while using the entertainmenteducation, social marketing, and health belief models, as well as the diffusion of innovation theory as the theoretical underpinnings for positions taken. A combination of quantitative (survey) and qualitative (focus group discussions) were applied to the study. The study was limited in scope to Lagos State, and three local governments (Ibeju Lekki, Lagos Mainland and Alimoso) served as the study sites. A 406 sample size was designed and the same number was taken to the study locations, and the response rate to the survey was 92 percent, which meant that 374 responses formed the basis of analysis; while 100 percent response rate was achieved for the focus group discussion. After analysis, the study found that majority of the respondents were exposed daily to the campaign about the danger of dirty hands to show high exposure caregivers at study locations. Similarly, the study found that there is a moderate level of knowledge possessed by the respondents about hand washing and those who were knowledgeable about hand washing were the ones that practiced it. It also found that though the respondents have a positive disposition towards hand washing practice, their practice was not done hygienically; and thus recommended amongst other things that intervention efforts should address the infrastructure gaps that negatively impact on the availability of these hand washing-boosting factors, particularly, access to water, if improvement is to be achieved in terms of practice. Key words: Hand washing, KAP, child survival

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS IED/MC/17/09

IED/MC/17/10

ASSESSING CAREGIVERS' INPUT AT DESIGN STAGE OF BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE MESSAGES OF WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE CAMPAIGNS (WaSH) IN LAGOS STATE

INCLUSION AND PARTICIPATION OF ALL STAKEHOLDERS IN CLIMATE CHANGE COMMUNICATION GOVERNANCE IS THE PATHWAY TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT'-- FARMERS IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Orivri HA, Ogwezzy-Ndisika A Department of Mass Communication, University of Lagos. [email protected], 08033451582 Some research in the area of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) have shown primary concerns of how to reduce disease burdens, which particularly result from lack of access to clean water, inadequate sanitation facility, and poor hygiene practices in some locations in Nigeria, and different health intervention campaigns have been done with a hope of passing across helpful information to target audiences. This is important, considering that about 1.7 million deaths of under -five children in developing countries are attributed to disease burdens due to unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation, and poor hygiene. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate if programme coordinators consider caregivers' input at the message design stage of behavior al change campaigns in Lagos State. Based on the objectives of the study, which include among others, to ascertain caregivers' awareness of WaSH messages, the research work will be guided by the Diffusion of Innovation Theory to establish the channels by which caregivers access such messages, and how they practise the campaign messages. This study will adopt survey research method, using the questionnaire to gather information from purposively selected sample population of caregivers from both public and private healthcare facilities in three local government areas of Lagos State. In-depth interviews will also be conducted with Reckitt Benckiser, and the PZ Foundation that have carried out some form of WaSH campaign. The study hopes to establish through its findings, if there is a correlation between caregivers' input during the message design and their adoption of prescribed WaSH practice. Keywords: Caregivers, WaSH, Behavioural Change, Campaign Messages

Oyedele O J Department of Communication and Language Arts, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria [email protected] 08064450058 Food producing farmers in agricultural economies facing challenges from climate change are a frontline in the global crisis of food security. Global discourse on sustainable management of climate change in developing countries is on access to climate change information and practice of climate-friendly farming strategies by farmers. However, new studies have established that empirical conversation on media communication of climate change in developing countries should move from determining level of awareness to promoting inclusive climate change communication wherein scientists, policy makers, development partners, researchers and farmers will promote knowledge, encourage dialogue and appropriate attitude, integrate media, design strategies for responding to climate change and influence behavioural change. This study examined the extent to which climate change communication to farmers in Southwestern Nigeria has fulfilled this recommendation. Interviews were conducted on 18 purposively selected farmer-opinion leaders and two FGD sessions each from Osun, Oyo and Ondo states were held with 45 farmers across the states. Findings show that climate change communication to farmers follows the one-way model of communication as mass media are used to raise awareness, inform and warn farmers to take actions. Under this non-inclusive model, information flows from climate experts/climatologists and geographers to the mass media and then to the farmers, excluding farmers, agricultural extension officers and religious and traditional rulers from participating in the design, implementation and assessment of climate change communication policies and campaigns. Again, climate change warnings and weather forecasts from the mass media over-shadowed the critical building of positive knowledge, attitude and practice among farmers and most of them reported that these warnings, fear appeal and daily weather forecasts did fail in some instances. This explains why most of the farmers doubted the credibility of the source(s) of climate change information, and complained about the timeliness and complexity of the message(s). Agricultural extension officers, media practitioners and farmers should be engaged as active policy actors in the design and implementation of national climate change communication policies and campaigns to promote inclusive growth and sustainable agricultural development in Nigeria. Keywords: Climate change communication, Inclusive and participatory communication, Farmers, Sustainable agricultural development.

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS IED/LA/17/11 THE TRANQUILITY OF ORDER AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A DISCOURSE ON COMPASSION AND HUMANENESS IN NIGERIA

IED/LA/17/12 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR INCLUSIVITY, EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY IN NIGERIA Bamidele I1, Odunsi SB2 College of Law, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti 2 Faculty of Law, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife [email protected], 08033822871 1

Nwudego Nkemakonam Chinwuba Department of Private & Property Law, Faculty Of Law, University Of Lagos [email protected], 080398655974 Capitalism has been a subject of much discourse in terms of its economic benefits and disadvantages. Its benefits stem from the doctrine of free market and its inherent ability to promote and advance hard work and innovations. To the other end of capitalism is communality and common access to wealth. While capitalism tends to have the inherent disadvantage of creating inequality, communality and common access have been identified as entrenching laziness and apathy to wealth creation, creativity and innovations. This latter has been described by at least one legal commentator as the tragedy of the commons. Tranquillitas ordinis is a Latin phrase meaning the "tranquillity of order" or "wellordered concord". Its origin is credited to St. Augustine of Hippo. In Book 19 of the City of God Augustine defines Tranquillitas ordinis as "the peace of all things" or "wellordered concord". For Augustine its perfect form can only be realised in heaven. Later thoughts have modified this position seeing a possibility of its realisation even on earth. Thus Thomas Aquinas building on Augustine formalized a theory of just war in which the Augustinian root idea of peace as tranquillitas ordinis is linked to the just war tradition. In the Summa Theologica, Aquinas describes the theory of just war as comprising a jus ad bellum and jus in bello. Jus ad bellum articulates the circumstances under which war may be pursued, while jus in bello describes correct conduct in war. More recently, George Weigel in his work published in 1987 defines Tranquillitas ordinis in terms of the peace of "dynamic and rightly ordered political community" and "the order created by just political community and mediated through law". His thoughts on just war are expressed in terms of when war will be legitimate and the obligation to prosecute such war in the interest of justice, freedom, order, the general welfare, and peace. This paper explores capitalism in Nigeria in the context of Tranquillitas ordinis and proffers a meaning within contemporary human experience and the developing question of humanity and compassion articulated in inclusiveness as integral aspects of law and economics. The general objective of this research is to interrogate Tranquillitas ordinis in Nigerian developmental discourse.

Equality before the law is a long standing principle of law; it suggests that all are equal without prejudice to gender, social class, physical ability, origin, race, religion or any other status. The law through its instruments of legislation, interpretation and policy framework affords the citizen an opportunity to equity, justice and freedom. It is however unfortunate that in spite of the legal framework for inclusion, a large number of citizens is excluded on the basis of disability, origin and the economy. This paper analyzes the legal framework for promoting inclusivity, equality and diversity in Nigeria. The assessment shall include a juxtaposition of laws in Nigeria vis-à-vis other jurisdictions with emphasis on the United Kingdom. The analytical method employed in this research aims at assessing the enforceability and realization of the current laws promoting fairness and justice in Nigeria especially for the vulnerable. This paper acknowledges the existence of laws with the intention of achieving a socially just society without discrimination; it is however discovered that there is a need for continued societal engagement of the laws, a deliberate improvement, review and channeling of the law to meet the sustainable development goals especially goals 3, (good health and well being), 4(quality education) and 10(reduced inequalities). The paper brings to fore the legal approach to the conversation on accessible healthcare and education for all especially the vulnerable and groups often discriminated against, the paper proposes legal reforms and reviews to promote the integration of and freedom from discrimination against persons with disability. It proposes adoptable models to suit international best practices in achieving accessible and affordable education and health care. This paper concludes that the United Nations Development Program approach through the elimination of discriminatory laws and adoption of social protection policies to achieve equality is a key to achieving reduced inequality, achieving an inclusive, equal and diverse Nigeria. Keywords: Law, Inclusivity, Equality, Diversity

Keywords: Law, Capitalism, Exclusion, Peace

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS IED/LA/17/13

IED/LA/17/14

IS THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK RESPONSIVE TO INCLUSIVITY, EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY IN NIGERIA

CUSTOMARY LAW AND PRACTICES AS LIMITING FACTORS TO FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE EMPOWERMENT IN NIGERIA

Vivian C. Madu Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies [email protected] 08034449725, 08121206210

Adegbite Folashade Rose Department of Private and Property Law, Faculty of Law, University of Lagos, Nigeria [email protected], [email protected] 08033866361.

The problem with Nigeria is not the lack of legislations to regulate inclusivity, equality and diversity. Infact adequate laws and regulations stemming from af firmative actions on quota system, nondiscrimination and quota system to encourage inclusivity of the educational disadvantage areas have all been given the force of law. However the great problem be devilling the Nigerian state is the implementation of government policy. Law is at the centre of the struggles for social change and development. We therefore as teachers of law should look for institutional and rhetorical legal space that can provide opportunities for rights based strategies that can trump politics in favour of social reform on behalf of disadvantaged groups. Equality of opportunity is about treating people fairly and without bias and about creating conditions in the workplace like the university environment and wider society that encourage and value diversity and promote dignity. It is also about trying to redress past imbalances and ensuring human relationship are conducted in a constructive way that supports appropriate inclusion and does not give rise to unjustified discrimination. Diversity in this context deals with creating an inclusive environment and practices which benefit the university and those who work in and with it. It takes account of the fact that people differ from one another in many ways. Understanding, valuing and effectively managing these differences can result in greater participation that can be leveraged for success as an individual, team and the university at large. In this paper equal opportunity and diversity will focus on gender equality, equality for the educationally disadvantaged, equality for the physically challenged, equality on ethnicity and religious belief. This paper seeks to examine the existing legal framework on inclusivity, equality and diversity with the aim of identifying gaps. Proffering solutions to fill the gaps identified and to conclude with recommendations. Keywords: Inclusiveness, Equality, Diversity and Development

Every human civilisation evolved from a culture and often, the present disposition of any nation was shaped by its historical antecedents. Essentially, mankind cannot totally cut away from its roots. However, to what extent should our present condition be predisposed upon the past? Equally, female specie in the social order has been endowed by nature to carry out certain exclusive functions such as child bearing, breastfeeding etc. The implication of this is that she needs certain health care formation to enable her meet these functions. But the society through its cultural laws and practices place a number of limitations, expectations and prohibitions to the extent a woman cannot safely carry out these distinct functions. Many women in Nigeria and in many parts of the word are still socially disadvantaged and economically weak to take appropriate reproductive health decisions. The resultant effect is the various female health-related challenges confronting the society. This work, through doctrinal research method, beams light into the various cultural practices that are inimical to dignified living, medical welfare and wellbeing of the woman in Nigeria, identifying the dangers their retention in our customary law pose such as maternal mortality/morbidity, infertility and others. For women in Nigeria to achieve full reproductive health potentials and eschew the pang of subjugation and inequalities in the society, a better legal and institutional legal framework needs to be developed. A woman cannot achieve safe reproductive health until she is adequately empowered to enable her make informed choices. Good intentions are not enough; there is need to take steps that are right, protective, and inalienable. Conclusively, this paper proffers a common motivation, the need to revisit, adjust and completely change some of our customary laws, cultural practices and wrong societal perspectives to accommodate the appropriate science based practices, thereby promoting positive social change Keywords: Customs, Reproductive Health, Female, Empowerment

Creating an inclusive society in all aspects of life

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS IED/LA/17/15

IED/ED/17/16

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE TOOL OF EQUALITY IN ENHANCING THE VALUES OF DIVERSITY AND INCLUSIVITY IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION

INCLUSIVITY, EQUALITY, DIVERSITY: FRAMEWORK FOR “LEAVING NO ONE BEHIND” IN NIGERIA - THE NECESSARY INCLUSION OF ADULT BASIC EDUCATION

Igbinedion S. A. Department of Jurisprudence & International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Lagos [email protected], 08034487061

Abiri Segun Literacy for adults and education for women initiative Abuja [email protected], 2348064738240

Within the contexts of the concepts of diversity and inclusion, this paper discusses the role of the principle of equality in dealing with the yearnings of individuals of diverse backgrounds to access public university education in Nigeria. Whereas diversity indicates respect for all forms of difference in individuals, inclusion signifies the act of positively striving to satisfy the needs of different people. University education is a public good or service which millions of Nigerians struggle to obtain yearly. However, because demand outweighs supply in government-owned universities, university administrators presumably treat individual applications for admission on the basis of equality, that is, irrespective of the disability, gender, socio-economic class, sexuality, etc of the applicants. Therefore, it is the remit of this paper to examine the extent to which the principle of rule of law is invoked in offering admissions to applicants. The paper contends that despite the attraction of equality as a basis for decision-making, it has rather been trumped by such equitable policies as quota system, educationally disadvantaged state and catchment areas in admitting candidates into tertiary institutions. But the implementation of the equitybased policies appears to have raised more questions than answers including whether it is not an institutionalized mechanism to privilege merit over and above mediocrity, or whether it does more harm than good to the individual spirit to excel. Finally, the paper concludes, inter alia, that a reasonable balance must be struck between the values of equality and equity so that persons from diverse backgrounds can be included in the scheme of university education with little or no friction.

From the ancient time of Socrates to the medieval period of St Augustine and to the modern age of Descartes, and now the contemporary age, adult and community education has been a necessity for a responsible and responsive organizations and nations which in turn is a yardstick of judging a developed or developing nation and economy. The 'Policy and Analysis Report of University UK: The Voice of Universities' in their 2015 Reports, it was cited from their online platform that the terms equality and diversity implies, citizens are expected to be treated fairly and with dignity and respect from harassment and bullying. Where everyone feels valued and can learn or work to their full potentials. It investigates the engagement of Adult Basic Education in the University Communities. And propose that Universities in their various locations have the mandate to coordinate and supervise other Institutions. This total inclusion and pragmatic approach of uneducated adults (from age 18 and above) would go a long way of leaving no one behind in the SDGs of United Nations. In carrying out this work, a case study of an non-governmental organization (NGO) based in Abuja with two (2) adult education centers would be visited 'Literacy for Adult and Education for Women Initiative (LADEWIN)', also analytical and descriptive methods will be adopted. It is in view of this that this work tends to shed more light on the need for a necessary inclusion of adult basic and continuous learning in our communities. As such, this work attempts “the necessary Inclusion of Adult Basic Education” in all our higher institutions' communities. In doing this, questions arises, some of which could be; who is an adult? Can profit making organizations succeed in providing adult education in Nigeria? It is a fact that adult and community education in Nigeria is poor and moribund, this is because there is little or no encouragement to the providers of the services. This work conclude that, there is need for government, civil society organizations, NGO, Universities and other higher institutions to come in and savage the moribund adult literacy system in the education system.

Keywords: University education, quota system, equality, equity

Keywords: Education, University, NGO

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS IED/ED/17/17

IED/ED/17/18

ENI ÒRÌȘÀ –ENI ÒWÒ: THE THEORY FOR RESPECTING THE

WOMEN, EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA, 1960- 2015.

PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED AMONG THE YORUBA. Akin-Otiko, Akinmayowa, O.P. Faculty of Education, University of Lagos, Akoka. [email protected], 08030419667 The Nigerian society like every society in the world has a mix of the physically challenged and the 'not-physically challenged', today the issues resulting from the experiences of the physically challenged members of the society are gaining centre stage in discussion and planning as a result of perceived abandonment or lack of respect from the 'not-physically challenged' members of the society. This current reality and the popularity being given to it, gives an impression that the story of solidarity with the physically challenged began recently, but this is not the case among the Yoruba. As a matter of fact, abuses against the physically challenged members of the society came as a result of neglect of the theory of Eni òrìșà –Eni Òwò among the Yoruba. This paper has two objectives, first is to examine the theory of Eni òrìșà –Eni Òwò, and how it worked for the Yoruba in protecting and securing respect for the physically challenged before the present day experience of abuse that the modern day society is responding to; and second to compare the interventions that resulted from the theory of Eni òrìșà –Eni Òwò with the modern day intervention and make recommendations on how both can be combined to bring about a better reform, in the present and future efforts to support and protect those that are physically challenged especially in the classrooms. To achieve the objectives of this paper, literatures will be reviewed on the responses to issues of physically challenged persons in Nigeria and interviews will be conducted to embellish literatures on the theory of Eni òrìșà –Eni Òwò.

Ilesanmi T. E Department of History and Strategic Studies, University of Lagos. [email protected], 09038070216 This study aims at exploring the responses to women's education in southwest Nigeria. Adopting the historical qualitative and quantitative method of narrative and analysis, this work articulates the impact of education on women as well as the nature and pattern of the new status attained by women in the study area. What was the background to women education in 1960? How did culture influenced women's development? What factors facilitated the education of more women in Southwestern Nigeria? What was the impact of education on women? To what extent did gender relations influenced women education in Southwestern Nigeria? What were the implications of the new status of women in southwest Nigeria? How were women perceived by their male counterparts prior to their attainment of educational heights? Did the new status of women accelerate equality and national development? These and other questions would be interrogated during the course of this study. Overall, while this study adds a new perspective to the view that after independence of Nigeria in 1960, the status of women was raised to a higher level of refinement as a result of education, it illuminates understanding of educationists, gender analysts, educational historians, policy makers, sociologists and the global community on the significance of women education in sustainable national development. Keywords: Women, Education, Culture and Development.

Key words: Eni òrìșà –Eni Òwò, Interventions, Physically challenged, Yoruba.

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACT IED/ED/17/19

IED/ED/17/20

THE PRACTICE OF INCLUSION, AND THE TRAINING NEEDS OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION TEACHERS IN RELATION TO GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION IN LAGOS STATE

INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA: ACCESS AND EQUITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Manuel Mojisola Nkechi, Emiola, Adetoun Gladys Department of Arts and Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, University of Lagos. [email protected], [email protected], 08054328050, 08023154293

Aminu Hussaini Department Of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto. [email protected], 07034629007

Inclusive education demands the equal rights of special needs and regular learners in the general classroom irrespective of disabilities and geographical location. The implementation of inclusion following the UNESCO's standard requires a huge commitment of human and material resources and adequate teacher preparation. It was observed that Lagos State Government embarked on the implementation of inclusion in the State since 2003. In view of this, the study investigates the practice of inclusion with special reference to teacher's status, practice and teacher's ratings of the performance of special needs learners in the inclusive units situated in a defined geographical location. The sample consisted of all the eighty three (83) teachers in the 29 inclusive units in the geographical area known as Lagos State. Three (3) research questions and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Descriptive survey research design was used. Data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics, while the hypotheses were tested using chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. Some notable findings are that; not all the teachers in the inclusive units were beneficiaries of the inclusive training conducted twice. Learners with hearing impairment topped the rating list by trained and untrained teachers. Similarly, trained teachers attested that there was a marked difference in their classroom delivery as a result of the training. Against the aforementioned, the study recommends that the inclusive units in all geographical locations should be majorly manned by trained regular teachers and that government should invest in more support to aid the learning of other learners.

Inclusive education is providing to all students, including those with significant disabilities, equitable opportunities to receive effective educational services, with the needed supplementary aids and support services, in age appropriate classrooms, in order to prepare students for productive lives as full members of society. The attitude of people towards those with disabilities in developing states and Nigeria is irritating. This paper discusses the concept of inclusive education, the current practice in developing states, Nigeria in particular, and the strategies to follow in helping these students to feel free and learn in mainstream settings. Furthermore, the paper discussed the benefits and the challenges of inclusive Education in Nigeria, while reflecting upon the reality on the ground. Recommendations were made for a ways of making this people acquire sound education which among others; providing teaching-learning facilities by the Government. Private organizations involvement and sensitization and above all restructuring of the entire school programmes and practices as a way of combating discrimination and achieving education for all. Key Words: Inclusivity, Disability, Equality

Key words: Geographical location, inclusive education, special needs, trained teachers, teacher's status

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS IED/ED/17/21

IED/ED/17/22

INCLUSIVE EDUCATION AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES AS NEW EDUCATIONAL STRATEGY IN SECONDARY SCHOOL: A CASE STUDY OF SOKOTO STATE

TEACHERS' KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF INCLUSIVENESS AS DETERMINANTS OF STUDENTS' INTEREST AND PARTICIPATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION CLASSROOMS IN LAGOS STATE.

Armiya'u Bala Department of Curriculum and Instructions School of General Education Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto [email protected], 08032162086 Inclusive education is about the child's right to participate in school's duty, activities and programmes regardless of his or her disabilities. The attitude of people towards those with disabilities in Nigeria and in Sokoto state in particular is worrisome. While countries within the advanced economies have gone beyond categorical provisions to full inclusion, Nigeria and most countries of Africa are still grappling with the problem of making provisions for children with special needs. This paper discusses the concept of inclusive education, the current practice in Nigeria and the strategies for students with learning disabilities. It also identifies some issues involved in inclusive education in Tertiary Institutions in Sokoto State. In addition, the paper discusses the benefits and the challenges of inclusive Education in Nigeria, while reflecting upon the ground reality in Sokoto state. Lastly Recommendations were made for a way of making the SDG's achievable which among others; bringing together persons with disabilities and the non-disabled to study in the same classroom with adaptable facilities and the teaching aids, as it's a way of combating discrimination and achieving education for all. Keywords: Inclusive Education, Equal opportunity, Disabilities, Tertiary Institutions.

Olatunde Funso Azeez Department of Arts and Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, University of Lagos [email protected], 08033162323 Although stakeholders in education at global level have tried continuously to mainstream inclusive education, however, it's Implementation in national educational policies and in actual practice is often said to be problematic. Inclusion as a classroom interaction concept is relatively new to most teachers in the Nigerian school system, especially at the tertiary level. This paper investigated Teachers' Knowledge and Practice of Inclusiveness as Determinants of Students' Interest and Participation in Higher Education Classrooms in Lagos State. The target population for the study comprised of all Lecturers of education in tertiary institutions in Lagos State, and the sample for the study comprised of 85 (eighty-five) lecturers drawn from two Universities and three colleges of education. The respondents were randomly selected through stratified random sampling technique. The instrument was a questionnaire titled “Teachers Inclusive Class Practice Questionnaire” (TICPQ), which is an adaption from the Massachusetts Classroom Teacher Rubric Resource. The study was guided by four research questions. The data collected was analysed using percentages and mean scores. The findings of the study indicated that Teachers Knowledge of the Characteristics of Inclusive Classroom was very low; that they are not complying with the observations of these characteristics in their classrooms; and that the practice of inclusiveness in their classrooms will affect students' interest and participation positively. The study concluded that increase in Teachers' Knowledge of Inclusive Classroom Characteristics and Practice will positively impact on students' interest and participation in class activities. It recommended among others that pre-service teacher training should include some exposure to knowledge and best practices in inclusive classroom. Key words: Knowledge, Practice, Inclusive, Interest, Participation

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PROGRAMME & BOOK OF ABSTRACTS IED/ED/17/23

IED/SSI/17/24

EFFECTS AND REMEDIES OF DIVORCE ON THE ADOLESCENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AS EXPRESSED BY TEACHERS IN ILORIN METROPOLIS, WITH THE PURPOSE OF FINDING OUT THE COMMON TYPES, ITS CAUSES AND POSSIBLE REMEDIES.

KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRACTICE OF SEXUALITY EDUCATION AMONG PARENTS IN ALIMOSHO LGA, LAGOS. Remy-Kingsley E. O, Okafor IP, Olatona F Department of Community Health & Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos. [email protected], 08068822178

Saliu, Bashiru Kehinde Meadows Community and Development Outreach [email protected], 08063322756, 07030151765 The study examined effects and remedies of divorce on the adolescent academic performance as expressed by teachers in Ilorin metropolis, with the purpose of finding out the common types, its causes and possible remedies. The study employed descriptive survey research design. Twenty (20) research questions were raised and answered while five (5) hypotheses were formulated and tested. Three hundred (300) respondents were randomly selected from ten (10) secondary schools in Ilorin metropolis. The questionnaire with twenty (20) items, was the instrument for data collection. Ten (10) generated null hypotheses were tested based on gender, years of marriage, age, teaching experience and educational qualification. The data collected were analysed using frequency count, percentages, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. Descriptive statistics involving percentage and mean were used to answer the research questions, while tables and statements were used to analyse and discuss the data. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the effects of divorce on the adolescent as expressed by teachers in Ilorin metropolis on the basis of teaching experience. There was also no significant difference in the remedies of divorce on the adolescent academic performance as expressed by teachers in Ilorin metropolis on the basis of teaching experience, gender, age, sex, educational qualification. There was also no significant difference in the remedies of divorce on the adolescent academic performance as expressed by teachers in Ilorin metropolis on the basis of gender. Based on findings, it was recommended among other things, that parents should endeavor to settle disputes, amicably to restore psychological, emotional and intellectual balance of an adolescent, the school should be committed to assist adolescent from unstable family through their guidance and counseling unit, mass media should create an awareness on the consequences of divorce on adolescent academic performance. The government should enact a law that will reduce the rate of divorce in our society.

Sexuality education is an effective weapon for young people to equip themselves against sexual abuse, unintended pregnancy, HIV/AIDS and other STIs nonetheless, the topic of sexuality education especially with children is mostly construed as abominable, a subject that is shrouded in mystery in Nigeria. The general objective of the study is to determine the knowledge, attitude and factors affecting the practice of sexuality education among parents in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State. A descriptive cross sectional study design was used to assess the knowledge, attitude and factors affecting the practice of sexuality education among parents in Alimosho Local Government, Lagos. A total of 380 respondents were selected by multi-stage sampling technique and interviewed using a pre-tested, structured interview administered questionnaires. EPI INFO version 7 was used to analyze the data collected and tabulation of frequencies was done for univariate analysis. Bivariate analysis was also done using Chis-square tests, and Fischer's exact test was used when necessary. The level of significance was set at