program and abstract book

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Jun 28, 2015 - Tabun, El-Wad and Skhul. The Hecht Museum, University of Haifa. Afternoon, lectures in 30th floor of Haifa University Tower. MAROM Hotel.
PROGRAM AND ABSTRACT BOOK

Tel: +972-4-8240018; Fax: +972-4-8240128

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Congratulatory Remarks Yung-jo

LEE

Chairman and

President

Suyanggae International Symposium Executive Committee Institute of Korean Prehistory (IKP)

We are going to have the 20-1st International Symposium: Suyanggae and Her Neighbours in Haifa, Israel. As we all know well, the Levant region is one of the most important archaeological centers in the world, in study of human evolution. So it is a great pleasure to hold our symposium here, also commemorating the 80 th birthday of Prof. Avraham RONEN who has developed the Paleolithic research at the University of Haifa. Obtaining his doctorate under the famous Dr. Francois BORDES in 1967, Prof. RONEN has worked on a number of Israeli sites, whose splendid achievement is well-known to the academic board. He has kept on his research after the retirement, presenting his profound understandings to colleagues at international symposia such as the Suyanggae Symposium, as a model of true scholar. Praising his tribute to the Paleolithic archaeology, the Suyanggae International Symposium Executive Committee is to honor him with the 8th Suyanggae Academic Award. And through academic exchange of this symposium, I sincerely hope that there would be some advance in the World Archaeology with wonderful presentations. I express my deepest gratitude to the organizing committee including Prof. RONEN and institutions for their help and support holding this big academic event successfully. And I also believe that the friendship will continue through future Suyanggae Symposia. Thank you.

2015. 6. 22

Yung-jo LEE

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Congratulatory Message

Danyang has attracted much attention over the world as the origin of the Korean Prehistory with many important Paleolithic sites. Especially, the Suyanggae site is well-known to have preserved vivid evidences of the Paleolithic men’s lives, 20,000 years ago. I congratulate you on the 20th anniversary of the International Symposium: Suyanggae and Her Neighbours. Since the 1st in 1996, the international symposium has been held in various places as wells as in Korea: 4 times in China, 2 in Japan, 2 in Russia, 2 in Poland and 1 in the U.S.A. Through the symposia, the Danyang County is now one of the main centers for the international Paleolithic study. Meeting the 20th, it will give a fresh energy for the symposium to be held in Israel. I am very proud that the Suyanggae International Symposium is a sole example of an annual international symposium titled with a name of county and will continue successfully. As the symposium has played an important role in academic exchange internationally, the Danyang County has grown a home of rich culture and history. I hope that this symposium will be meaningful for participants as a place of academic intercourse. And I thank the President Yung-jo LEE of IKP and Prof. Avraham RONEN of Haifa Univ. for organizing the conference.

June 5, 2015

Han-u LEU

The Magistrate, Danyang County

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INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII UNIWERSYTETU ŁÓDZKIEGO ul. Uniwersytecka 3 90-137 Łódź

Dear members of the Suyanggae International Symposium Executive Committee, Dear participants of the International Symposium: Suyanggae and Her Neighbours in Israel,

Let me express my congratulations on the occasion of the Symposium taking place in June 2015 at the University of Haifa. I would like to thank cordially Professor Avraham Ronen for his idea to hold the Suyanggae Symposium in Israel. Professor LEE Yung-jo deserves special thanks for his initiative to organize annual Suyanggae Symposiums, which he put forward 20 years ago. For the first time the Suyanggae Symposium is held in the area of the Near East. This give us the possibility to broaden our knowledge about the Stone Age of this part of the world. I look forward to meeting new colleagues and exchanging information about new discoveries. Israel has a very long and interesting history. I hope to visit some historical places and learn more about modern Israel. I wish you all successful work and pleasant time during the Symposium in Israel.

Prof. Lucyna DOMAŃSKA Director of the Institute of Archaeology University of Lodz

Lodz, 25.V.2015.

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Congratulatory Remarks Kidong BAE Professor, Hanyang University, Korea Chair of Steering Board, UNESCO APCEIU

It is a great honor for me to be able to make a congratulatory remark of the 20th International Symposium in commemoration of Suyanggae Paleolithic site in Haifa, Israel. First of all, I have to express my sincere thanks to eminent Professor Avraham Ronen and Professor Yungjo Lee for their efforts in organizing this symposium in the other end of the Suyanggae site, Korea in the Eurasian continent. This symposium should be considered a very special gathering of Paleolithic archaeologists from all over the World because it has been traveled to many meaningful and wonderful places in the World. This special symposium has made superb contribution to prehistoric archaeology in the region where it is held as well as over the World, and also has provided a wonderful chance to communicate with archaeologists working in different regions in the World. Owing to the series of annual symposiums during the last almost 20 years, an academic community has been formed, often called ‘Suyanggae Family’ that you get used by now. This community is a friendly but very productive platform for exchange new information and methodology among members for improvement in practice of prehistoric archaeology. It is needless to say that the extraordinary achievement from the series of annual symposium of Suyanggae has been made by Prof. Lee’s dedicating efforts and leadership. I believe my old friends and new participants would join me in appreciation of what he has done for this very special academic gathering of ‘Suyanggae Family’. I am very delightful personally to be able to visit to Israel this time, because this is one of the most important regions for Paleolithic archaeology in points of understanding human dispersal during the Pleistocene in Eurasian continent as well as richness of Paleolithic and Paleoanthropological sites for an advanced practice of archaeology. I would like to express my sincere thanks again to Prof. Ronen and his staffs for his kindest arrangement of this symposium for us in spite of many limited resources to make us happy to be here. I wish very much all participants from many different parts of the World enjoy reunion of Suyanggae Family at the gate toward Eurasian continent in human migratory history and shall be back home with deep inspiration of human history. Many thanks.

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PROGRAM Sunday, June 21st, arrival Ben Gurion Airport. Transfer to Hotel MAROM in Haifa. Monday, June 22nd, Morning, lectures in 30th floor Auditorium of Haifa University Tower. Afternoon, lectures in 30th floor Auditorium of Haifa University Tower. Evening: welcome party with a dance/song group. MAROM Hotel in Haifa. Tuesday, June 23rd, Morning, Visit to Mount Carmel Prehistoric Caves Tabun, El-Wad and Skhul. The Hecht Museum, University of Haifa. Afternoon, lectures in 30th floor of Haifa University Tower. MAROM Hotel in Haifa Wednesday, June 24th, Tour to the North: Lake of GaIilee, Cafer Nahum, Tabgha, Tiberias, Bet -Saida 9th Century BC excavations, Gesher Benot Yaacov Acheulean site, Eynan Natufian site, Mayan Baruch Museum of Prehistory. MAROM Hotel in Haifa. Thursday, June 25th, Tour to South: Qesem Cave. Dead Sea, Massada, Negev desert, Rock Art. MAROM Hotel in Haifa Friday, June 26th, Morning, lectures in Haifa University. Poster session. Afternoon, Bahai Gardens, German Colony, free time. Evening: farewell party. MAROM Hotel in Haifa Saturday, June 27th, Jerusalem, Holy Sepulchre, City Wall, City Gates, Wailing Wall. Market. MAROM Hotel in Haifa Sunday, June 28th, Departure Ben Gurion Airport.

14.6.15

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Dear Participants, Please find herewith the last circular before our meeting.

WELCOME TO HAIFA

Arrival All participants will be met at the airport June 21st by a person carrying the sign SUYANGGAE HAIFA. The person will assist money change (one US dollar is ca, 4 Shekels and one Euro, ca. 4.3 Shekels) and will accompany participants to the train station inside the airport. Take the train to Haifa and get off at the station HOF HACARMEL (first stop in Haifa. About one hour ride from the airport). At HOF HACARMEL station, take a taxi to HOTEL MAROM, 51 HAPALMACH Str. in the district of ROMEMA. Please note that you shall be staying the whole week at the same hotel. Cost of Train: 41.50 Shekels. Cost of Taxi: 50 – 55 Shekels. It is recommended to write the plate number in case you forget something in the taxi.

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Departure On Sunday June 28, participants ought to arrive at the airport 2.5 hours before departure. With a visit to the Duty-Free shops, a longer pre-departure time should be allowed. On Sunday June 28, transport will be provided from Marom Hotel to the airport as close as possible to departure times.

Equipment Kindly note: In Israel, June might be quite warm and dry. Important to bring a hat, sunblock cream and walking shoes. Sport shoes or sandals are recommended for the Dead Sea. We shall have occasions to swim, so bring a bathing suit. Drinking two (2) litres of water a day (that is, one glass every two hours) is paramount, or desiccation may occur (especially on excursions). Desiccation starts by a headache. Please report headache immediately so that effective preventive measures can be taken on time.

Health insurance is the responsibility of participants. The symposium program, schedule of speakers and book of abstracts is sent in a different file (compiled by Prof. Guy Bar-Oz). Please report dietary restrictions.

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Free Wi-Fi While on Campus guests may use the University Wi-Fi system from any communication device. To log-on: Network name (SSID): AirCarmel Username: tami2015@uoh Password: tami2015

The Organizing Committee: Prof. Yung-jo Lee, President, Institute of Korean Prehistory Prof. Avraham Ronen, Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa Prof. Jong-yoon Woo, Director, Institute of Korean Prehistory Prof. Mina Weinstein-Evron, Head, Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa Prof. Guy Bar-Oz, Chair, Department of Archaeology, University of Haifa Dr. Gonen Sharon, Laboratory of Prehistory, Tel-Hai College Mr. Byeongil YUN, Researcher, Institute of Korean Prehistory Ms. Tami Lavyel, Secretary, Faculty of Humanities

SEE YOU SOON!

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Conference Schedule Monday, June 22, Morning Session I Chair: Prof. M. Weinstein-Evron 09:00-09:20 Greetings (Prof. Y. Ben-Artzi, former Rector; Ms. Sara Arenson) 09:20-09:50 A. Ronen, Israel and Archaeology 09:50-10:05 M. Jochim, Goals and Constraints of Palaeolithic Archaeology 10:05-10:35 N. I. Drozdov and D. N. Drozdov, Levallois in Siberia (History and Problems) 10:35-11:05 COFFEE BREAK 11:05-11:35 X. Gao, New Analysis on Fire-use Evidence from the Peking Man Site 11:35-12:05 K. Bae et al., Technological Analysis of Bifaces in Korea 12:05-12:35 E. Anati and A. Fradkin-Anati, Decoding Prehistoric Art and the Origins of Writing. 12:35-14:00 LUNCH

Monday, June 22 Afternoon Session II Chair: Dr. M. Eisenberg 14:00-14:20 S. Wang et al., New Archaeological Surveys and Excavations in the Hanzhong Bain, China 14:20-14:40 Q. Yu et al., Paleolithic Assemblage and Site Formation Process of Huaishuping Site in Luonan Basin, Central China 14:40-15:00 L. Xing et al., A Preliminary Study on the Stone Artifacts of Shizilukou Paleolithic Locality in Luonan Basin, Central China 15:00-15:20 B. Yun, The Characteristic of Stone Assemblages from Tonghyeon-ri Paleolithic Site in Korea 15:20-15:50 Y. Zaidner et al., Nesher Ramla Karst Depression, Israel: A New Evidence for Middle Paleolithic Adaptations During MIS 6 and 5

15:50-16:20 COFFEE BREAK

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16:20-16:40 J. Kim et al., Quaternary Geology and Matrix-Forming Process of Suyanggae Upper Paleolithic Sites (LOC. 1 and LOC. 6) 16:40-17:00 A. Vasilevski, Early Ritual Behavior of bBear Hunters of Beringia 17:00-17:20 P. Volkov, What Was a Way and Reason of Dwellings Evolution on the Russian Far East During the Neolithic Period? Opening address and congratulatory remarks by heads of country delegations SUPPER

Tuesday, June 23, Afternoon Session III Chair: Prof. L. Domańska 14:30-14:50 R. Barkai, Qesem Cave 14:50-15:20 R. Shimelmitz et al., New Insights from the Renewed Analysis of the 100 Layers Sequence of Tabun Cave, Israel 15:20-15:40 A. Yaroshevich et al., Early Epipaleolithic Engraved Objects from Ein Qashish South, Jezreel Valley, Israel 15:40-16:00 R. Yeshurun, The Natufian is still a "Revolution": Intensification and Sedentism in the Natufian Sequence of el-Wad Terrace, Mt. Carmel

16:00-16:30 COFFEE BREAK

16:30-16:50 L. Lbova and D. Kozhevnikova, Classification and Methods of Research of the Upper Paleolithic Phone Instruments 16:50-17:10 J. Levy, From Adorned Nudity to a Dignitary’s Wardrobe: Symbolic raiment of the Southern Levant 13,500-3,900 BC 17:10-17:30 E. Salazar, The Looting of Archaeological Patrimony in Ecuador

SUPPER

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Friday, June 26, Morning Session IV Chair: Prof. X. Gao 09:00-09:20 H. Lee, Regional 'Coexistence Model' in Upper Paleolithic of Korea 09:20-09:40 L. Domańska and S. Rzepecki, First Agricultural Colonization of the Polish Lowland in Flint 09:40-10:00 M. Ochoa, Burial Patterns in Ecuador’s Upper Amazon 10:00-10:20 E. Voytishek, Game Traditions and Ancient Ritual Wine Drinking in the Culture of East Asia Peoples: Anthropological Aspects 10:20-10:40 M. Masojć and H. Paner, Modern Flint Knapper's Camp Site from Volcanic Areas of Bayuda Desert in Sudan 10:40-11:00 Y.-j. Lee et al., Suyanggae: Why so Important(VIII)? Thinking About the Oldest Microblade at the Locality Ⅵ-

11:00-11:30 COFFEE BREAK

Session V Poster session 11:13- 12:30 G.-K. Lee, Wolpyeong Upper Palaeolithic Site, One of Important Evidence of Modern Human Behavior in Paleolithic Korea R. Kapul et al., GIS-Based Analysis of Vertical and Spatial Lithic Distribution Patterns in the Early Middle Paleolithic Site of Misliya Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel I. Groman-Yaroslavski, Reconstructing the transition to the Neolithic existence, and the contribution of functional analysis of flint blades – a case study from the southern Levant M. Kornfeld, Of Proboscidean Bone Tools and Paleoindians

12:30-13:30 LUNCH

Bahai Gardens, German Colony Awarding ceremony of the academic award of the symposium SUPPER

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ABSTRACTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER

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Decoding Prehistoric Art and the Origins of Writing Emmanuel Anati1 and Ariela Fradkin Anati2

1

President, UISPP- CISNEP International Scientific Committee

Assistant President of UISPP-CISNEP International Scientific Committee Città della Cultura, Via Marconi 7, 25044 Capo di Ponte, Italy 2

The lecture examines the cognitive processes that led to the invention of writing and highlights constants of memorization and associative synthesis held in the mind of Homo sapiens. Some examples of decoding prehistoric art and reading the messages contaied, provide a new vision on the origins of writing, which turns out to be much earlier than retained so far.

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Technological Analysis of Bifaces in Korea Kidong Bae1, Myoungshin Cho2 and Kiryong Kim3

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Department of Anthropology, Hanyang University, Ansan 425-791, Republic of Korea

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Hanyang University, Ansan 425-791, Republic of Korea

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Institute of Cultural Properties, Hanyang University, Ansan 425-791, Republic of Korea

Since the first find of biface at the Jeongokni site in 1978, numerous pieces have been retrieved numberous sites in the Korean peninsula. Diverse degree of morphological variation is observed basically two types; pointed and oval. In spite of some pieces of elaborate retouches, many of them look primitive due to limited retouches. Some of bifaces are not clear on what is purpose of the shaping. Frequency of relatively sharp peripheral edge is very low, while heavy duty pointed tips are more or less common. In this regard, many of bifaces in Korea cannot be considered as 'Large Cuttung Tool'. It is very sure that highly developed technological processes of making handaxe bifaces are observed as in the case of ovate type, but even bifaces were also very casual and expdient upon needs at localities. It is highly possible that high proportion of bifaces were used as core for flakes as well as finished tool. Conventional classficiation of large stone artefacts needs to be modified for understanding what kind of functions they neede with these tool types.

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Qesem Cave Ran Barkai

Department of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israe

(Not Submitted)

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First Agricultural Colonization of the Polish Lowland in Flint Lucyna Domańska and Seweryn Rzepecki

Institute of Archaeology, University of Lodz, Poland,

The aim of this paper is to characterize flint production of the early-farming societies representatives of the Linear Pottery culture (henceforth: LPC), which in the beginning of the Atlantic period made an attempt to inhabit the middle part of the Tążyna river valley. The area is situated in the north-eastern part of Kuyavia (central part of the Polish Lowland). The Tążyna river in its Kuyavian part flows northwards to Toruń-Eberswalde Pre-valley and from there to the east – to the Vistula river. The Tążyna river cuts the Kuyavian Upland, characterized by very fertile black soils. Mainly sandy deposits of sandur character are found in the bottom of the valley. since about 5500 BC The LPC communities started to establish permanent settlements on fertile black soils surrounding the valley e.g. the site Grabie 4 and Przybranowo 3. Probably not a long time later (about 5300 BC) they make an attempt at using the sandy Tążyna river valley bottom. From this area four Linear Pottery culture sites are known: Chlewiska 132, Dąbrowa Biskupia commune, Poczałkowo 30, Podgaj 32, Przybranówek 4, Aleksandrów Kujawski commune. The appearance of these communities in an atypical environment (poor soils formed on the sand substratum) for a long time aroused great interest among the researchers. Most frequently the reasons of such a phenomenon were seen in overpopulation of black soils (the typical environment for these communities) or in attempts at economic use of the sandy Tążyna river valley bottom, e.g. pasturing or hunting. In both hypotheses a thought about assimilation of the Mesolithic population also appears. The flint assemblages from the sites mentioned above will be discussed concerning the LPC communities who attempted to settle the atypical environment.

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Levallois in Siberia (History and Problems) Nikolay I. Drozdov and Denis N. Drozdov

University of Russian Academy of Education, Krasnoyarsk Branch, Institute of Archeology and Ethnography Siberian Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Studies of the Mousterian Age in Siberia and Levallois technique, associated with it, have turned from scientific suppositions into a serious scientific discussion over the past 25 years. One of the major problems of Mousterian in Siberia is the problem of prehistoric settlement by people from the neighboring regions of Mongolia, Kazakhstan and Asia in vast territories of Northern Asia. It is also connected with the adjacent problem of a possible migration of prehistoric people possessing Levallois technique to the American continent. The presence of ancient people who mastered Levallois and post-Levallois technique on the continent is described in American archeological literature and was proved by one of the authors of this article after his personal study of archeological collections in California and Nevada. The problem of Siberian Levallois was studied by quite a number of archeologists: Academiсian A. Derevyanko – in the Altai, Prof. G. Medvedev –in the Angara region, Prof. M. Aksenov and Prof. Yu. Mochanov – on the Lena river, Prof. I. Kirillov and Prof. M. Konstantinov – in the Baikal region, Prof. Z. Abramova, Prof. N. Drozdov and E. Artemyev – on the Yenisei river, S. Astakhov – in Tuva, and many others. The notion of Mousterian in Siberia, or in the narrow sense – Siberian Levallois, reflects only the regional distribution of the industries which frequently are assessed chronologically or morphologically. Mousterian in Siberia was discovered in 1954 by S. Rudenko when the Ust-Kanskaya cave in the Altai was excavated. Then there followed other discoveries made by G. Medvedev in the Baikal region (1969), Z. Abramova in Khakassia (1972), A. Derevyanko and M. Shunkov in the Altai (1992), L. Lbova in the Baikal region (1989), S. Astakhov in the Tuva Republic (1990). The “Levallois” notion is one way or another, considered in a considerable part of archeological scientific literature. However, up to now the essence of this term is being discussed in Siberia. There are quite a number of viewpoints concerning the very notion of “Levallois” as well as its cultural-chronological meaning. There were made some attempts to discuss and clarify the sense of the term and its derivatives (“pseudo-

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Levallois”, “classical Levallois”, “Levallois tradition”, “Levallois technique”, but a common stand has not been worked out. Since in the paper presentation we are going to consider Levallois in Siberia, we shall again face the necessity to give a definition to the term. Taking into consideration various viewpoints on the problem we come to the conclusion that the term of “Levallois” should be interpreted as a technological phenomenon.

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New Analysis on Fire-use Evidence from the Peking Man Site Xing Gao

Institute of vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

This paper makes a review on the history and controversies of research on fire-use evidence of Peking Man at the Zhoukoudian sit and reports new advance of research on this issue at the site. New excavations have been conducted at the West Section of ZKD Loc. 1 since 2009 and new lithic artifacts, animal bones and remains related to in situ use of fire have been encountered and collected; Analyses of sediment samples collected during the new excavation demonstrate that these “ash remains” contain sufficient siliceous aggregates as well as elemental carbon, and the potassium content of the insoluble residues of these specimens; Examinations on the newly collected burnt sediments indicate that the magnetic susceptibility and redness of some parts of these sediments are remarkably higher than sediments of other areas on the same level; Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy shows that the possible burnt sediments contain more hematite than sediments of other area, and high-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements show that these sediments are possibly heated above 700 °C, a temperature much higher than what natural fire can produce. Such new investigation and analyses provide strong evidence of in situ use of fire by Homo erectus pekinensis at Zhoukoudian during the Middle Pleistocene.

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Reconstructing the transition to the Neolithic existence, and the contribution of functional analysis of flint blades – a case study from the southern Levant Iris Groman-Yaroslavski

Use-Wear Analysis Laboratory, Zinman Institute of archaeology, University of Haifa, Israel

The Neolithic period represents a profound cultural change, when hunter-gatherers departed from a foraging economy, and developed farming and pastoral societies during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. In the southern corner of the Levant, the PrePottery Neolithic A period (PPNA, 11,700–10,500 cal BP) was the beginning of the ‘Neolithic Revolution’. The methodological framework used to investigate one aspect of the emergence of the Neolithic existence was a functional analysis of flint blades. This research combined technological and use-wear analyses, and an experimental program which included various processes for the reconstruction of blade production and utilization during the PPNA. It was applied to blades selected from the sites of Salibiya I, Salibiya IX, Gilgal I and Netiv Hagdud, located in the confined area of the Salibiya Basin, in the lower Jordan Valley. This represented the cultural process of the emergence of the Neolithic period from the Late Natufian to the PPNA (13,000–10,700 cal BP). The research included a technological analysis of 737 blades, a use-wear analysis of 341 blades, and 48 experiments. This research demonstrated the change in flint procurement strategies and blade production techniques; one of the main conclusions being that a blade-oriented industry emerged during the PPNA in order to cope with the new needs of a growing village. Blades were tools mainly for cereal-harvesting, but also for fiberprocessing, hide-scraping, bone- and antler-processing, and mineral-working, during both the Late Natufian and the PPNA. However, blades were much larger during the PPNA, and were therefore better tools, not only for cereal-harvesting, but also for other activities. It was concluded that this change was the result of the intensification of the exploitation of natural resources, which were increasingly required for food production and crafts in the new Neolithic village. The combination of the technological and usewear analyses demonstrated that the PPNA was a mosaic of new and old, when innovations were developed, while still maintaining the late Epipaleolithic tradition.

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Goals and Constraints of Palaeolithic Archaeology Michael Jochim

Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA

Palaeolithic research can address some of archaeology’s biggest questions, including the origins and spread of modern humans. As a result, our research often attracts much public attention and imagination. It is clear, however, that the reconstruction of life in the Palaeolithic faces many problems, both practical in terms of the limitations of our data and interpretive in trying to make sense of our finds. Both experimental archaeology and ethnoarchaeology have proven useful in dealing with some of these problems, but they also emphasize some of the constraints archaeologists face.

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GIS-Based Analysis of Vertical and Spatial Lithic Distribution Patterns in the Early Middle Paleolithic Site of Misliya Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel Reuven Kapul, Yossi Zaidner and Mina Weinstein-Evron Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, ISRAEL

The Early Middle Paleolithic (250-160 ky BP) site of Misliya Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel, is characterized by a very high density of lithic artifacts (3000/m ³). The site also contains abundant faunal remains and a series of well-preserved hearths. No visible layers could be observed during the excavation and the lithic assemblage is typologically homogeneous. We used a GIS program, to examine the distribution of lithic artifacts spatially and vertically in an attempt to differentiate layers and activity areas within the site. We entered into the program data on rock falls, the hearths and the lithics, processed them and examined the interaction between the various elements. Our analysis reveals four layers, two of which contain a hearth. We also identified an especially dense concentration of lithic artifacts in a central location of the site – a pattern which recurs at approximately the same location among the four layers. Significantly, lithic concentrations were also less dense in proximity to the hearths, suggesting different activity areas. Together with various other data, our study highlights the complex nature of this early Middle Paleolithic habitation site.

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Quaternary Geology and Matrix-Forming Process of Suyanggae Upper Paleolithic Sites (LOC. 1 and LOC. 6) Juyong Kim1 ,2, Yungjo Lee2 and Jongyun Woo2

1

Korean Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 30 Kajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea 2

Institute of Korean Prehistory, 25, 120 byeon-gil, Yongambuk-ro, Sangdang-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Korea 360-812

Upper Paleolithic Suyanggae sites are located at the upstream part of the Namhan River valley in Danyang County of Korea. Particularly Aegogri site (Suyanggae Loc. 1) and Hajinri site (Suyanggae Loc. 6) are represented by both typical microblade stone artefacts and typical soil-sedimentary profiles. The 2nd fluvial terraces are ubiquitously developed at the level between 125m and 130 m, where fluvial gravels and sands are dominant at the lower part of representative profiles; Toward the upslope direction the soilsedimentary sequence is either composed of yellowish brown or brown paleosoils in general, or mixed with dark brown and reddish brown paleosoils with intercalations of brecciated debris flows. The frequency and thickness of intercalated debris flows are likely to be increased toward upslope direction. When the base level of the PaleoNamhan River dropped and migrated toward the present river-bed, the flooding muds, prevailed on the levee and overbank of the 2nd fluvial terrace, were weathered severely before next major floodings and deposition of flooding muds. In Particular the 3rd debris flow found in association with yellowish brown paleosoils, dated between 18ka (Suyanggae Loc. 1 and Loc. 6) and 35~39ka (Suyanggae Loc. 6) based on AMS or OSL datings. which corresponds to the paleoclimate condition since the MIS 3 of the Last Glaciation. The yellowish brown paleosoils as major cultural layer are associated with various microblades of the upper paleolithic in both Suyanggae sites (Loc. 1 and Loc. 6). The MIS 3 in Korean Peninsula is typified by relative warm and humid, which was in turn shifted into progressively cool and dry climatic regime of MIS 2. The microblade culture found in yellowish brown paleosoils may be related to the paleoclimatic change either derived from the East Asian Monsoon, or global change incurred by Heinlich Event. In conclusion it is important that the chronology, composition and texture of matrix of paleolsoils in Suyanggae sites may represent some typical paleoclimate and paleohydrologic regimes, so that the Suyanggae upper paleolithic sites may be one of the important archives for the regional paleoclimatic changes between MIS 3 and MIS 2.

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Of Proboscidean Bone Tools and Paleoindians Marcel Kornfeld, Mary Lou Larson and George C. Frison

Paleoindian Research Lab, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States

Proboscideans and thus proboscidean remains are generally associated with Clovis occupation of North America. Post-Clovis Paleoindians are associated with bison antiquus or various Holocene faunal species that survived late Pleistocene extinctions. However, this simple scenario is complicated by occasional occurrences of vanished species in later period assemblages. During the last field season (2014), excavation of post-Clovis strata at the Hell Gap site yielded a proboscidean tusk fragment approximately 13 cm long. The Hell Gap site at the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains in southeastern Wyoming is a stratified Paleoindian multilocality in the midst of mammoth finds, but without a well defined Clovis component. The purpose of this poster is to evaluate the context of the tusk object, describe its features and manufacturing process, as well as provide a brief review of proboscidean tusk objects in the Americas.

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Haifa, 21-28 June 2015

Classification and Methods of Research of the Upper Paleolithic Phone Instruments Liudmila Lbova and Darya Kozhevnikova

Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova-street, 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia

The emergence of musical (phone) instruments, as the simplest complex, the development of musical traditions are clearly a sign of the complex and behavioral strategies of the modern Human and is associated with the context of a broad spectrum of the innovations in the culture at an early stage of the Upper Paleolithic. It needs to be noted that the music is both cultural and biological phenomenon, and interdisciplinary approach to studying the origins musical creativity will attract additional resources to address this problem, and each of them in turn increases the value and legality of the findings. The question of the genesis and evolution of musical creativity, its early stages and diffusion of musical culture in Paleolithic time is controversial in archaeology according unique items of the excavation some Upper Paleolithic sites in Northern part of Eurasia. One of the main problems faced by Music Archaeology is the identification, definition and classification of musical (phone) instruments in the archaeological record. Series of aerophones of the Eurasian Aurignacians sites, complex of the percussion phone instruments of Gravette indicate the existence of stable musical traditions in Upper Paleolithic. The integrative investigation of the musical complexes of Siberia and Ukraine Upper Paleolithic sites are based on the principles of morpho-technology, typology study and use-wear analysis, also experiments and associated with archaeological contexts. Supported by RHSF 13-04-00070

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Haifa, 21-28 June 2015

Wolpyeong Upper Palaeolithic Site, Important Evidence of Modern Human Behavior in Paleolithic Korea Gi-kil Lee Department of History, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea

The Wolpyeong site were surveyed and researched since 1995. Its extent is over 70,000 square meters and five cultural layers have been identified in ca. 2m thick profiles. Among them upper three cultural layers were excavated within extent of 1,445 square meters and ca. 13,000 pieces of stone artifacts were collected. Most of the artifacts are manufactured by vein-quartz which is available in the Songgwang stream basin, and the ratio of it reaches up to 94.5%. Whereas the proportion of the tools account for is ca. 3.5%, waste such as cores, flakes, chunks and debris takes 95%. Large proportions of waste among lithic assemblage and many conjoining pieces indicate that not only one of main functions of the site was a workshop for manufacturing tools but this cultural layer had been deposited under stable circumstances and was rarely disturbed. Tool types are microbladecores, endscapers, burins, becs, awls, tanged points, bifacial leaf-shaped point, notches, denticulates, chopper-chopping tools, handaxes, spheroids, and large pebbles with grinded striations. It could be interpreted that one of major activities was leather treatment, as the ratio of end-scrapers and awls is high. And the persistence of core tools, even as a minor component in the entire lithic assemblage, suggests local continuity from the Lower/Middle to UP traditions. Among the Palaeolithic layer Middle, types of tools such as end-scrapers, becs, awls, and handaxes were produced in the layer No. 3 and No. 4. In addition, over 90% of local vein-quartz pebble was used as main raw materials at all three cultural layers. In this regard, it seems that there is a close cultural relation between occupants of the Palaeolithic layer Middle and those of the layer No. 3 and No.4. The Wolpyeong site, comprised of five cultural layers, has a great potential of examining not only development of lithic industries and establishment of local chronology but also functions of the site and subsistence pattern of Modern Human Behavior in southwestern Korea.

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Haifa, 21-28 June 2015

Regional 'Coexistence Model' in Upper Paleolithic of Korea Heonjong Lee Mokpo National University, Department of Archaeology, 1666 youngsan-ro Cheonggyemyeon, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, Korea

Recently, the number of Paleolithic sites between 45ka and 10ka radiocarbon dates has gradually increased. Most of the cultural layers deposited during this period show the several lithic assemblages originated from four different industries; the flake industry with heavy weight tools, based on the pebble tool tradition, flake industry, blade and microblade industry. Last 10 years, blade industry has widely identified in Korean Peninsula. Various industries shows the complexity reacting various cultural elements from around 45ka B.C. to the end of Upper Paleolithic in Korea. Especially at least three cultural lines coexisted during 30ka-25ka B.C. and whole lines coexisted between 25ka to 15ka. Technologically flake industry with heavy weight tools(45ka~25ka) and flake industry(35ka~20ka) appeared as branches from the pebble tool tradition of EP and MP in Northeast Asia. Reduction strategy of these two industries changed to the direction for making flake tools through preparation core and delicate retouch technique. Around 40ka, blade industry(40ka~15ka) was gradually settled in Korea via China. Suyanggae Loc. 6, 3rd cultural layer is oldest blade industry in Korea. Techno-typologically Lithic assemblage of this site is very close with the Karakol variant on the techno-typological context. There are two different stages from 40ka~15ka. Microblade industry(25ka~10ka) had been gradually started from 25,000 B.P.. There are three different stages from 25ka~10ka. Also it will be possible to appear several variants on each industries such as Namwon Hwajeongdong site. It is assumed to the result of regional cultural evolution and migration based on the geomorphological characteristics in Korean peninsula.

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Haifa, 21-28 June 2015

Suyanggae: Why so Important(VIII)? Thinking About the Oldest Microblade at the Locality ⅥYung-jo Lee, Jong-yoon Woo, Seung-won Lee, Ju-hyun Ahn and Kyong-woo Lee

Institute of Korean Prehistory 25, 120 byeon-gil, Yongambuk-ro, Sangdang-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Korea Suyanggae Locality Ⅵ has been investigated since 2013. So far, the locality revealed 3 cultural layers. Among them, the Cultural Layer 2 appears identical with the late Upper Paleolithic culture of the Suyanggae Locality Ⅰ, given the lithic assemblage and absolute dates around 18,000 BP. Under the layer, the Cultural Layer 3 contains older upper Paleolithic remains. The remains include typical upper Paleolithic artifacts, such as scrapers, end-scrapers, burins, notches, denticulates, and blades. Still the majority of raw material is shale, portion of other utilization on quartz is higher than the Cultural Layer 2 and Locality Ⅰ. Within the Cultural Layer 3, there had been active tool manufacturing, given 10 toolmaking workshops within. Above all, it is notable that blade technology was widely applied to produce tools. There were excavated a number of cores, blanks, and debris related to blade production. Among them, 2 tanged points, which is the most typical upper Paleolithic artifacts, were made from blade flank out of 3. These comes in contemporary with ones of Yong-ho dong and Songam-ni. And the blade technology coexisted with microlith. Even though in rough forms, the Cultural Layer 3 revealed microblades and microblade-cores. Among 6 blade cores, 2 were adjusted for platform, while others were not. The shapes of microblade, whose number mounts up to 60 up to now, do not hold high standardization. To verify its absolute date, we paid particular attention having 4 individual institutes engage in AMS dating for 10 samples. As a result, the dates come as reliable and very consistent, from 35,000 to 40,000 bp. Given the dates, the microlithic artifacts is thought very old or positioned in the very beginning of lithic technology. So it is highly expected that closer analyses will give lights on new understanding in the Early Upper Paleolithic in East Asia as well as on the modern humans, given fresh materials to be gathered through excavation this year.

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Haifa, 21-28 June 2015

From Adorned Nudity to a Dignitary’s Wardrobe: Symbolic raiment of the Southern Levant 13,500-3,900 BC Janet Levy Department of Bible, Archaeology and Ancient near Eastern Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev The Southern Levant with favourable conditions for the preservation of organics features a trajectory of garments of increasing size and complexity culminating in the 5th-4th millennium in full body robes and footwear, attested in frescoes and archaeologically intact artifacts. Utilitarian clothing, portable insulation, essential to human existence beyond the tropics, is only depicted on the rarest of occasions. Early items of attire, attested in the Natufian with the advent of sedentism, girdles, belts and headwear in shell and bone with both visual and also audible properties played a significant role in rituals enhancing the cohesion of the collective. Subsequent items of clothing manufactured from vegetal cordage are invariably of minimal dimensions determined by the constraints of labour intensive methods of processing and also of yarn and fabric production. Similar but earlier traditions of representations are observed in Upper Paleolithic Eurasia. The Ghassulian culture (4,600-3900 BC) witnesses the adoption and dispersion of the comparatively rapid, drop spinning technique and the use of horizontal ground loom with heddle technology. Only with the advent of rapidly produced strong yarn able to withstand sustained tension and friction could the textile industry take off. The technological breakthrough engendered the production of textiles measuring 7m x 2m as a single piece –technological virtuosity unknown in the Southern Levant in earlier or later periods and throughout southwest Asia in this time bracket Concentrations of spindle whorls are attested at desert fringe sites, beyond the range of flax cultivation, suggests movement of processed flax through the system initiated by the movement of females in formal mating arrangements from areas of flax cultivation. Raw materials and technology frequently ride in tandem. The fully clothed body in woven cloth was a cultural point of no return –henceforth those in positions of authority in the Southwest Asian sphere are fully clad and shod. Nudity or a de-clothed state was the domain of fertility figurines and the dehumanized enemy. However, the Ghassulian attitude to clothing was an ideal state and only a partial reality despite the magnitude and sophistication of the industry. Flax, the only textile fibre attested in the period, uses prime land and has high water and labour requirements. Linen is not warm. Thus, the skins of the herd animals continued as the major clothing medium. The ideal was only realized with wide access to user friendly, rapidly processed, insulating sheep’s wool raised on marginal land.

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Haifa, 21-28 June 2015

Modern Flint Knapper's Camp Site from Volcanic Areas of Bayuda Desert in Sudan Mirosław Masojć1 and Henryk Paner2 1

Institute of Archaeology, Laboratory for non-European Archaeology, University of Wroclaw, Szewska str. 48, 50-139 Wrocław, Poland 2

Muzeum Archeologiczne w Gdańsku ul. Chmielna 53, 80-748 Gdańsk, Poland

The Bajuda Desert Project is the subject of an interdisciplinary research program intended to recognize the history of settlement in the desert from the earliest periods of prehistoric to modern times, including its geological structure in the context of paleogeography. A team of Gdansk Archaeological Museum (MAG) and Heritage Protection Fund under the direction of Henryk Paner, and from 2012 together with Miroslaw Masojć, implements this program (BP). Under a concession granted by the Director General of the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums (NCAM) the Sudan Republic, the first research work on Bayuda were initiated in 2009. The concession covers an area of some 140,000 km excluding all sites situated in the Nile Valley and at its edges, as well as any sites or areas earlier allotted to other expeditions. More detailed information of the concession, together with the initial results of the first season of work, and the history of previous archaeological research at Bayuda were presented in a separate text. However, it should be emphasized that the main objective of this project is to estimate the archaeological resources and the valorisation of the archaeological heritage Bayuda Desert, elaboration of the atlas preserved archaeological sites as well as to define the major threats to this heritage in the coming years. The result will be the identification of those sites that, because of its value as soon as possible require them to carry out rescue excavations and take any possible actions to achieve these objectives. Within the archaeological record from North Eastern Africa and Levant there are examples of a very late use of stone technologies reaching up to the modern times. In the post-15th century, the Bedouins from Jordan made use of flint for striker stones and gun flints. Some Bedouin groups, such as the Ma'aza tribe people in the Eastern Desert, are still practicing very ancient methods of hunting. They also carry with them flint to make fire. At the Rens Shelter in the Sodmain wadi in Egypt herders or merchants settled for a short time in the shadow of the shelter. They still used flint as an important raw material. According to a 14C-age they stayed there in the thirteenth century AD. The Hadiya hideworkers of southern Ethiopia, like a few other groups in this region, still retain the tradition of making and using obsidian scrapers on a daily basis for hideworking activities.

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Haifa, 21-28 June 2015

In the Bayuda desert in Sudan, beside Palaeolithic and Neolithic sites, we often find lithic materials which could be described as post Stone Age flint knapping. Unfortunately, almost never are we able to prove it. Most of those findings are a loose finds or in the secondary positions. The exception is the huge volcanic massif interior- site BP722, where a homogenous camp site remains with several chipped stone workshops representing very simple flake technology, fire places and stone seats were investigated. The only archaeological sources, besides bones and charcoals from the hearths, are lithics made of different raw materials. Radiocarbon determinations obtained are surprisingly young and confirm that the settlement, although representing exceptional usage of stone technology, has nothing to do with the Stone Age. In our paper we will be presenting the analyses of the materials from the site BP722 and their chronological context.

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Haifa, 21-28 June 2015

Burial Patterns in Ecuador’s Upper Amazon Myriam Ochoa

Complejo Arqueológico Ingapirca, Ingapirca, Cañar, Ecuador

A rescue project in the Ecuadorian Amazon region allowed the discovery of the El Eden site which yielded the remains of the largest pre-Columbian village so far found in the tropical lowlands. This site had house plans, hearths, middens, domestic and ritual material culture, and, particularly, some 60 funerary urns, which will be the subject of this paper. The remains belong to the Tivacuno culture dated between 670 and 990 AD. A contextual analysis is presented correlating the spatial distribution of the urns, their shape and number, and the intentionality of the funerary practice coupled the data available from historic and present ethnographic sources regarding burials and body treatment.

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Haifa, 21-28 June 2015

The Looting of Archaeological Patrimony in Ecuador Ernesto Salazar

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito Avda. 12 de Octubre y Veintimilla, Quito, Ecuador

In Ecuador, the destruction of archaeological sites and the plundering of material culture are both a problem since the early colonial times. And the state, be it the Spanish crown or subsequently the independent republic, has had enormous responsibility, either officially or by tacit consent. The term “huaqueria” comes from the quichua “huaca”, which in Andean culture refers to a sacred place of special –if not extraordinary, location or nature. With time, its meaning has been restricted to the more or less permanent activity of people devoted to the explotation of archaeological sites and precolumbian tombs. As could be understood, an activity such as this one, of at least 400 years in Ecuador, is a matter of difficult eradication, first for its relativily easy operation in places far from urban centers, and second for the human chains forged constantly between huaqueros, traffickers, collectors and museums. In this paper, I will sketch, perhaps for the first time, a brief history of huaqueria in this country, the modus operandi of looters in the destruction of archaeological sites, and the illicit traffic of antiquities, as well as the positive and/or the negative rol played by the state and other institutions in charge of protecting the precolumbian past of Ecuador.

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Haifa, 21-28 June 2015

New Insights from the Renewed Analysis of the 100 Layers Sequence of Tabun Cave, Israel Ron Shimelmitz¹,, Avraham Ronen¹, Steven, L. Kuhn² and Mina Weinstein-Evron¹

1 Zinman

Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel 3498838, Haifa,

Israel 2

Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, 1009 E. South Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States

After almost 100 years of Paleolithic research in the Levant, Tabun Cave still constitutes a focal point for understanding the dynamics of changes throughout the last half million years in the Near East. This is due to its unique 25- meters long sequence, which ranges from the Lower Paleolithic to the Middle Paleolithic periods. The cave was excavated by three different expeditions: D.A.E. Garrod (1929-1935), A.J. Jelinek (1967-1971) and A. Ronen (1975-2003). Our current project combines results from the two latter excavations at the cave which sampled different parts of the sequence, together forming a series of 99 superimposed layers that range from bedrock to the Middle Paleolithic (until 'Tabun C' phase). In this presentation we highlight the range of innovations retrieved from the new analysis and the potential of working on the 16 meters of layers encompassing the combined sequence. Among our recent contributions are the reconstruction of the transition from the Acheulean to the Acheulo-Yabrudian, the intensified exploitation of predetermined technologies and the emergence of habitual fire. While our current endeavor is on researching various phenomena throughout the sequence in a relatively independent manner – brick by brick, our prime goal is to reconstruct how the various aspects crystallized into a comprehensive depiction of human evolution in the Near East.

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Haifa, 21-28 June 2015

Early Ritual Behavior of Bear Hunters of Beringia (Based on the study of Upper Palaeolithic cave sites of Eastern Sakhalin) Alexander A. Vasilevski Russia, Sakhalin State University, ul. Kryukova, 171а, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Current research suggest that main events in Nature of the Sakhalin-Hokkaido region of Paleo Beringia were going on according to the typical scenarios of Pleistocene. The frequency of sea-level changes suggests that during the Pleistocene islands of Sakhalin, Hokkaido and the South Kuriles were connected to the mainland by a land bridges within one peninsula (SHKP), that promoted the free movement of animals and humans along its two coastlines. After disappearance of land bridges and formation of all modern straights between 12-8 mill. BC the process of the impoverishment of ecosystem of the post Beringia started. It was caused both, by isolation from the continent, and by hunting activity. There were 2 complexes of terrestrial fauna of Final Pleistocene in SHKP. The northern complex included the Mammoth primigenius Blum and the southern associated with Palaeoloxodon nomadicus Naum. Both of them included cave lion, horse, wild boar, bison, musk deer - typical tundra-steppe fauna of Pleistocene Beringia land on the eastern edge of Eurasia. Several caves were excavated during last 30 years in Sakhalin. In 1982, in the hall, located in the northern part of the cave of Bear Tragedies (Bear Tomb), bones and skulls of 20 bears were found. Two composite spear points, length 68 and 59 cm, made of walrus bone and several flint flakes (Tiunov, 1984) and bone daggers with engraved ornamentation were excavated. We suppose that this cave was used as a kind of primitive temple for sacrifices in memory of a bear. The rituals included ceremony bear killing and burying bear heads and bones after butchering. These rituals are very known from the later Ainu and Nivkh Bear Festivals studied in late XIX – early XX cc. The second ceremonial place of bear hunters of final Pleistocene – Early Holocene of 16-12,5- 8 ka (Kuzmin et al., 2005) was discovered in the cave of Ostantsevaya (Alekseev 2004, Kirillova 2010). Most of bones belonged to bears, two skulls of bears were marked with traces of the direct mortal strikes. The presence of 15 arrowheads in the well has a direct connection to the hunting magic – they witness the ritual of the "killing the spirits of darkness". In the cave of Ice Tube the whistles of the Iberian type a full copy of the Pavlovo whistle made of bear metapodia was found.

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In the Early Neolithic - VII millennium BC the marine resources became the basic life-sustaining source for people, and already in the VI millennium BC -NU-4138 5130 ± 115 cal. BC- the caves become less significant than before. Yet, the tradition to use those places in the gorges, rock shelters under the storage heads of bears, deer and other animals as a sacrifice to the god of the mountains preserved among the peoples of Sakhalin - the Ainu and Nivkh, almost to the 20th century.

List of radiocarbon dates obtained by the bone remains of fossil animals and coal from the centers. The era of the late pleystotsena- early Holocene. Sakhalin Island Number nn 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Sample Sample information Code Ostantsevaya hall, U. arctos SOAN-5176 Ostantsevaya hall, U. arctos SOAN-5522 Ostantsevaya hall, glub.5.00 m Ursus arctos SOAN-5178 Grotto Throne, layer 4 Cervus cf. nippon AA-60768 Grotto Throne, layer 7 Rangifer tarandus AA-60618 Ostantsevaya hall, U. arctos SOAN-5523 Grotto Throne, Ovis nivicola AA-60616 Ostantsevaya, entrance 1, Equus Sp. AA-60264 Grotto Throne, layer 4 Ovis nivicola AA-60617 Ostantsevaya, entrance 1, Alopex lagopus AA-60769 Aniva Bay, the sea bottom, Mammuthus primigenius AA-36477

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Initial dating (BP) 8040± 85 9620 ±135

BC (Cal. BC) CalPal: 6952 ± 138 CalPal: 9002 ± 189

11,400 ±100

11354 ± 155

12,370 ±130

12626 ± 390

12.520 ±120 12.685 ±140

12879 ± 345 13109 ± 366

12,960 ±110

13839 ± 440

15,220 ±170

16405 ± 288

15,860 ±180

17114 ± 252

16,350 ±210

17647 ± 400

> 41,000

Haifa, 21-28 June 2015

What Was the Way and Reason of Dwellings Evolution on the Russian Far East During the Neolithic Period? Pavel Volkov Novosibirsk State University and Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian office of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archeology and Ethnography, Lavrentyev Avenue, 17 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia

Aside from tool function assessed by use-wear analysis and tool mapping, the spatial analysis of dwellings included the following criteria: mapping of hearths (sources of heat and light); evaluating the size of functional areas; the distance from the entrance, the walls, and the center of the dwelling; the spatial layout of structures; the location of raw material stores and concentrations of blanks; degree of exhaustion of various implements; character of the raw material used for tool production; the size of areas for particular production cycles; evidence of the usage of main or auxiliary implements; areas for waste products; occurrences of abandoned earthenware; location of zones for cooking, consumption, and storage of food; surrounding landscape; duration and periods of habitation; etc. The analysis of their functional zones would be helpful in reconstructing the archetypes that inform the earliest constructions, economy, production processes, lifestyle and adaptation to changes in climate. The study was conducted within the state task of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the field of scientific activity (№ 33.702.2014 / K).

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Game Traditions and Ancient Ritual Wine Drinking in the Culture of East Asia Peoples: Anthropological Aspects Elena Voytishek

Department of Oriental Studies, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia

This study is a comparative analysis of the specific features of traditional culture in China, Korea, and Japan, which were based on literary games and included ritual wine drinking. The games and rituals of the “wine order” existed for over 2000 years in East Asia as a form of entertainment for the elite. We describe some most ancient rituals of “wine orders” in traditional cultures of East Asia countries. The adaptation of Chinese games in Korea and Japan is shown by the example of the ritual called Feast by the Meandering Stream. The analysis of the national features of this ritual helps to clarify the process of intercultural interaction. Over many centuries, the moral potential of these actions has been determined by a number of their most significant social-cultural functions related to the ceremonial activity, religious magical practices, and mundane entertainments, which allows us to speak about the stability of these ethnic cultures against negative consequences of current globalization and westernization processes. The revival of the ancient ritual illustrates the consolidation of efforts of Asian societies directed on the strengthening of national intellectual values and the development of the positive image of a modern intellectual – “a man of culture” 文人 (Chinese: wenren, Korean: mun’in, Japanese: bunjin).

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Haifa, 21-28 June 2015

New Archaeological Surveys and Excavations in the Hanzhong Bain, China Shejiang Wang1, Huayu Lu2, Xuefeng Sun2, Luda Xing1, Hongyan Zhang2, Haixin Zhuo2, Wenchao Zhang2, Qingyao Yu1

1

Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate

Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 2

School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China

The Hanzhong Basin, located in the upper catchment of the Hanjiang River in the southern piedmont of the Qinling Mountains, central China. In the early 1980s, more than 10 Paleolithic open-air sites were identified from the basin. Those sites are distributed between the third to fifth terraces in the Hanjiang (Hanshui) River and its branches. The former analysis suggests that the lithic assemblage from the surface collection not only include cores, flakes, choppers, spheroids, scrapers, points, but also contain Acheuliantype tools such as hand-axes and picks. Some geologists put those site in the Middle Pleistocene based on the analysis of the animal elements that were identified belong to the Ailuropoda-Stegodon orientalis fauna. In 2009, we found a few scattered artifacts covered by eolian sediments on the second (first time) and third terraces of the Hanjiang River at Longgangsi site, which were dated by the thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence (TT-OSL) technique and loess–paleosol sequences correlation, giving an approximate age of 75ka and 0.6 Ma respectively. From 2013, A systematic excavation were carried out by Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), and Nanjing University, the in situ artifact layers were subsequently uncovered by our team in the eolian deposits on both the fourth and fifth terraces of the Hanjiang River. We conducted a magnetostratigraphic analysis of strata from the fourth terrace to date these artifact layers. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) of strata from all four terraces was also measured for comparison with the master MS curve of the loess–paleosol sequence from the central Chinese Loess Plateau to further constrain the ages. Our results revealed that the age of the oldest lithic assemblage on the fourth and fifth terraces were approximately 1.20 Ma. Thus, the Longgangsi site is probably one of the earliest in central China. Our observations also showed that hominin occupation in the Hanzhong Basin occurred at least in two major phases, i.e., ~1.2–0.8Ma (the fourth terrace), 0.6– 0.07Ma (the second and third terraces). The Qinling Mountains Range was a corridor for human traveling between southern and northern China during the Pleistocene.

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Haifa, 21-28 June 2015

The characteristic of stone assemblages from Tonghyeon-ri Paleolithic site in Korea Jong-yoon Woo, Seung-won Lee and Byeongil Yun,

Institute of Korean Prehistory, 25, 120 byeon-gil, Yongambuk-ro, Sangdang-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Korea 360-812

The Tonghyeon-ri Paleolithic Site is located at Yeoncheon County, Gyeonggi Province. The site is placed on a lower end of a slope stretching south-westwards. 700m south from the site runs the Hantan River winding along a basalt valley. The altitude of the site reaches 83m above sea level, which is 55m higher than riverbed of the Hantan River. While mountainous area was formed by granite porphyry and acidic rock vein based on ashflow tuff formed in the Cretaceous in northeast, porous basalt is widely distributed near the site. The Institute of Korean Prehistory investigated an area of 520 ㎡ from March 19 to April 19, 2013. Through the excavation, there were unearthed 590 pieces of stone artifacts. The Layers are classified into 8 by cause of formation and particle composition, while each muddy layer with soil wedge can be divided into 2. So all 10 layers were found with a sequence of muddy layer including soil wedge, breccia, sandy silt, and weathered bedrock. The muddy layer and breccia is thought come from near mountain, but it is probable that the sandy silt was formed from lava flowing along the Hantan River. The Paleolithic cultural layers are 3 layers, Ⅱ, Ⅲa, and Ⅲb. And 597 artifacts also comprise remains from test-pit excavation and surface survey to surroundings. It is the Layer Ⅲa, which is the Cultural Layer 2 that is thought the main cultural layer with soil wedge. Most of raw material is quartz, and tuff and obsidian were also utilized. To understand formation of the site, the dating method were applied; The dating resulted by charcoal samples. The layer Ⅲa was dated 19,650±70, 19,820±70 BP, and the layer Ⅲb was 27,900±100 BP, which correspond to the period the Late Palaeolithic. While artifacts related to tool-making take up a large amount of the assemblage, proportion of tool is very low. And large stone tools such as handaxe, chopper is very rare among tools. Among raw materials, obsidian was mostly exploited to make blades and micro-blade, while only 1 obsidian end-scraper was found. Besides, tuff abundant on the river bank was widely used to make various shapes of end-scrapers as well as artifacts related to tool-making like cores, flakes, and debris.

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Especially, 15 end-scrapers were found in the Cultural Layer 2 which accounts for about 66% of the tools. The tool of end-scrapers is associated with leather trim in the previous studies, it would have provided the space for the leather trim can be assumed that there was living space of Paleolithic man in the site. The Yeoncheon County where the Jeongok-ri site lies has attracted large academic attention with typical Lower and Middle Paleolithic remains such as handaxe. Through this investigation, 3 upper Paleolithic cultural layers based on stable sedimentation were reported for the first time in Yeoncheon. The Tongheyon-ri Paleolithic Site is expected to provide us with helpful information on the Paleolithic culture since the Lower Paleolithic Age, through comparative research with other upper Paleolithic sites distributed along the Hantan River, such as Jangheung-ri in Cheolwon, Hwadae-ri in Pocheon, and Neulgeori, Joong-ri in Pocheon.

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A Preliminary Study on the Stone Artifacts of Shizilukou Paleolithic Locality in Luonan Basin, Central China Luda Xing1, Shejiang Wang1, Gaike Zhang2, Tuo Liu3, Xuefeng Sun4 , Huayu Lu4, Qingyao Yu1 and Xiaobing Zhang 5

1

Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 2

Guizhou Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Guiyang, China

3

School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing China

4

School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China

5

Museum of Luonan County, Shaanxi, Luonan, China

Since 1990s, the Paleolithic sites ensemble of the Luonan Basin which located in the east Qiling Mountains attracted wide-ranging academic interests by its' great quantity of sites and distinct lithic industry. From October 2010 to December 2012, to cooperate with the construction of the S202 provincial highway, the field team of IVPP, Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Museum of Luonan County and Nanjing University conducted a series of scientific excavations of many sites on the second terrace between the South Luo River and the Xianhe River in the Luonan Basin, among which is Shizilukou site. 475m2 were exposed and 3538 stone artifacts were discovered, no hominin and animal remains were seen. This study suggested that the stone artifacts of this site were buried in the loess-paleosol deposit on the second terrace, chronological analysis and the comparison among geological profiles show the date is 120~40ka, and the main culture layers which contained the most stone artifacts are 100~90ka, which corresponds to the MIS 5; the stone artifacts didn’t moved in long distance, the site is a primary deposit site and only slightly disturbed by rains or other low-energy hydrodynamic element in the formation process. The hominin of Shizilukou site chose pebbles/cobbles for flaking and making tools from the river shoal nearby, the principal flaking technique is direct hard hammer percussion technique, anvil-chipping technique and bi-polar technique were also used; Cores analysis shows a rather high utilization rate and no classic Levallois cores and flakes were identified. Three operational chains could be identified in the tool production process: production of heavy-duty tools made on large-sized cobbles; reduction sequence that produced small flake blanks for light-duty tools making; the production of large flake blanks for heavy-duty tools making. Light-duty tools like side scrapers, end scrapers, notches, points, awl, burins account for the highest proportion, heavy-duty tools like

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choppers, picks and spheroids were rather few and typical tools of Acheulian complex like hand-axes and cleavers are also exist. The newly discovered stone artifacts in Shizilukou site showed the same characteristics with the stone artifacts collected in the open-air site, which could be quite different with the stone artifacts of Longyadong site, and they provide the reliable stratigraphic information of the Acheulian complex in the Luonan Basin. Numerous Paleolithic sites on the second terrace of the Luonan Basin and the large amount of the stone artifacts in these sites prove that frequently hominin activities occurred in this area during the late Pleistoncene. The Acheulian complex of the Luonan Basin and the Danjiang River valley may belongs to the same tradition with the west counterpart, which indicates cultural exchange in a small range.

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Early Epipaleolithic Engraved Objects from Ein Qashish South, Jezreel Valley, Israel Alla Yaroshevich1, Ofer Bar-Yosef2 Elisabeta Boaretto3, Noam Greenbaum4, Naomi Porat 5, Yoel Roskin6 1

Israel Antiquities Authority, Rockefeller Museum Building POB 586, Jerusalem, 91004, Israel (Email: [email protected]); 2Harvard University, Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology, USA; 3 Weizmann Institute–Max Planck Center for Integrative Archaeology, DREAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot, 76100, Israel; 4Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa, Aba Hushi 199, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838,Israel; 5Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, 30 Malkhe Israel Street, Jerusalem, 95501, Israel; 6Department of Maritime Civilizations, Haifa University, Aba Hushi 199, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel

Recently excavated Ein Qashish South (EQS), a 23000 years old large Early Epipaleolithic base camp in the Jezreel Valley, Israel yielded three engraved limestone palettes. Two of these are engraved on both sides and bear red stains. The engraved motifs include ladders, cross-hatching, chevrons as well as the image of a bird – the first figurative representation found so far in context of Early Epipaleolithic in the Southern Levant. Microscopic analysis indicate that one of the motifs, namely "the ladder" is accumulative in nature and can be interpreted as a notation system, similarly to previously described patterns of the same type found in contexts of Upper Paleolithic in Western Europe as well as in Late Epipaleolithic Natufian – culture associated with transition to agriculture in the Levant. The palettes from EQS comprise the largest assemblage of engraved items found in a single site in the region. They practically double the number of known mobiliary art objects from the Levantine Early Epipaleolithic and shed new light on symbolic behavior during the period.

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The Natufian is still a "Revolution": Intensification and Sedentism in the Natufian Sequence of el-Wad Terrace, Mt. Carmel Reuven Yeshurun

Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel 3498838, Haifa, Israel The Natufian Culture (ca. 15,000-11,700 BP) is renowned for the early appearance of durable stone architecture, hewn bedrock features, cemeteries, and art in the archaeological record of the Levant. Consequently, in the early days of research, the Natufian was viewed as a major break from preceding Paleolithic cultures. Growing archaeological evidence in the last three decades has placed the Natufian Culture in context, demonstrating its Epipaleolithic roots. Rather than making a sudden appearance, this unique sedentary foraging society, on the verge of agriculture, was therefore viewed as gradually evolving of the preceding Epipaleolithic cultures. However, it is argued here that downplaying the change in the Natufian was premature. A comparison of economic trends (prey abundances and prey culling patterns) and taphonomic markers of occupation intensity among four sites along the Israeli littoral, representing the entire Epipaleolithic span, shows that Early Natufian traditions at the key site of el-Wad Terrace constituted a significant break from former traditions. The Early-Late Natufian variations in economy and occupation intensity were comparatively subtle. The notion that the Natufian constituted more of a 'revolution' than a gradual development has important implications on understanding the long and non-linear transition to settled life and farming in the prehistoric Near East.

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Paleolithic Assemblage and Site Formation Process of Huaishuping Site in Luonan Basin, Central China Qingyao Yu1, Shejiang Wang1, Huayu Lu2, Chen Shen3, Fuyou Chen1, Feng Li1, Wenchao Zhang2, Luda Xing1 and Xiaobing Zhang4

1

Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 2

School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China

3

Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, M5S2C6, Canada

4

Museum of Luonan County, Shaanxi, Luonan, China

Huaishuping site is one of representative open-air site which is located on the fourth terrace of the Luonan Basin in the Qinling Mountains. The site is famous for the collection of abundant stone tools including Acheulian large cutting tools (LCTs). The site has been excavated three times during 2005-2013. Since 1999, thousands of stone artifacts were collected/excavated from the site. The lithic artifacts of Huaishuping site are made of raw materials obtained from river pebbles/cobbles, and the lithic assemblage is made up of five groups: hammer stones, cores, flakes, retouched tools, and flaking debris. Flakes, which have a wide size range made up the largest proportion of the artifacts. The principal flaking technique is direct hard hammer percussion technique, however anvil-chipping technique and bi-polar technique are also used. OSL chronological analysis and the comparison among geological profiles show the date of the site is 90~13ka, and the main culture layers which contained the stone artifacts are about 80~90ka. This study aims to the lithic typo-technology of the site based on 830 stone artifacts which excavated in 2013 and 1380 lithic artifacts from surface collection in 2014, to analyze the technical behavior of early hominid, and then try to identify their differences/similarities of the sites located on the different river terraces on the one hand. On the other hand, the Geographic Information System (GIS) will be used to analyze the environmental variability of the site and the lithic artifacts’ in three-dimensional geographic coordination, that will show the contact between the distribution of lithic artifacts and the environmental conditions of Huaishuping site intuitionally. GIS is also a useful spatial information in the preservation of cultural relics, which is important in archaeology.

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Nesher Ramla Karst Depression, Israel: A New Evidence for Middle Paleolithic Adaptations During MIS 6 and 5 Yossi Zaidner1,2, David E. Friesem3, Amos Frumkin4, Leore Grosman2, Naomi Porat5, Ruth Shachack-Gross3, Alexander Tsatskin1, Reuven Yeshurun1, Lior Weissbrod1, Laura Centi2, Marion Prevost2, Maayan Shemer1,6 and Oz Varoner7

1

Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel 3498838, Israel 2

Institute of Archaeology, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel

3

Kimmel Center for Archaeological Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel 4

Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel 5

Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem 95501, Israel

6

Israel Antiquities Authority, P.O. Box 35, 10600 Nahlal, Israel

7

Department of Bible, Archaeology and the Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

A recently discovered eight-meter-thick open-air sequence at Nesher Ramla (Israel), dated by OSL to 167±11 ‒ 78±6 ka, provides new evidence regarding Middle Paleolithic adaptations during MIS 6 and 5. The site is located in a karst depression formed by gravitational deformation and sagging into underground voids. The site formation involved episodic deposition of eroded soils, water-logging and pedogenesis, interbedded with human occupation. Such a geomorphological context and formation processes are profoundly different from the Levantine Middle Paleolithic cave and open-air sites. Excavations yielded exceptionally large and well-preserved lithic and faunal assemblages, different types of combustion features, hominin-induced concentrations of lithics, bones and manuports and ochre. The eight-meter-thick archaeological sequence was divided into six stratigraphic units, in which several horizons and distinct concentrations of lithics and bones were identified. The site shows pulses of intensive occupation separated by low-density stages and a general tendency toward reduced occupation intensity and more expedient lithic technology in the upper part of the sequence. The Nesher Ramla industry lacks true laminar and elongated Levallois components and is dominated by short and broad flakes.

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Several reduction sequences were identified among which Levallois is the most common. Preliminary study of the lithic assemblages shows several distinctive traits that were not documented in the Levantine Middle Paleolithic, among them high frequency of heavily retouched sidescrapers, in situ sidescraper resharpening and recycling and high frequency of naturally backed knives. The faunal assemblage is dominated by Bos primigenius, which is usually rare in the Levantine Middle Paleolithic cave sites. Nesher Ramla is one of a very few sites dated to MIS 6 in the north-east Africa and the Near East and at present it is the one that provides the richest evidence for human behavior from this time span. The long archaeological sequence and large lithic assemblages allow testing and generating models on human movement out of Africa during MIS 6 and 5, as well as on the Levantine Middle Paleolithic technological variability, continuity and change.

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Magneto-biochronological sequence of the early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus faunas in Chongzuo, Guangxi of southern China

JIN Changzhu, WANG Yuan Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China E-mail: [email protected] (JIN Changzhu); [email protected] (WANG Yuan)

The Karst caves nearby Chongzuo area, Guangxi of southern China, contain a plethora of Quaternary mammalian remains, especially the conspicuous fossils of Gigantopithecus blacki. During the past decade, four early Pleistocene cave sites with abundant Gigantopithecus blacki and other vertebrate fossil remains have been discovered in this area. The combined magneto-biochronology leads to the establishment of a chronological framework for the Early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus faunas in Chongzuo area. The Gigantopithecus faunal succession of Early Pleistocene were assigned to estimated ages of 2.0 Ma (Baikong Cave), 1.8 Ma (Juyuan Cave), 1.2 Ma (Sanhe Cave) and 1.0 Ma (Queque Cave), respectively. These newly discovered Gigantopithecus faunas have estimated dates that span the early Pleistocene (at least from 2-1 Ma). The present study divides the early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus faunas into three chronological stages. The early stage (2.6-1.8 Ma) is represented by the Baikong and Boyue faunas, which include G. blacki with relatively small teeth, some Neogene relics and taxa that make their first appearance during the Pleistocene. The middle stage (1.81.2 Ma) is represented by the Sanhe fauna, which is characterized by the appearance of Ailuropoda wulingshanensis, Cuon antiquus, and Tapirus sinensis. The late stage (1.2-0.8 Ma) is represented by the Queque fauna, which exhibits a distinct decrease in Neogene relic taxa and the appearance of several typical middle Pleistocene taxa. The early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus faunas are also characterized by a gradual increase in dental size of some typical faunal members, such as Gigantopithecus, Ailuropoda and Tapirus, and the successive replacement of representative species.

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