R S Sharma - Infraline

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Page 1. 1. R S Sharma. Roundtable Conference on. “ Climate Change”. Page 2. 2. Carbon Management Options –. Developed World's views. OK. OK.
Roundtable Conference on “ Climate Change”

R S Sharma

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Carbon Management Options – Developed World’s views

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ISSUES

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Carbon Management Options ? – Developed World’s views

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What is Carbon Sequestration?

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CO2 capture at the point of emission

Additional facilities for CO2 capture 5

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Geological sequestration options

Geo-sequestration considered the most promising option 7

Why Carbon Capture & Sequestration (CCS) is NOT a viable option?

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CCS – An unviable option !

No mature and reliable technologies

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Low Efficiency

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High cost

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Unsafe Geological storage "

Long term effectiveness highly debatable

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Safety concerns

Technological approaches, needed for reducing GHG emissions, must ensure that there is no negative impact on energy use and economic growth. 9

Impact of CCS on Auxiliary power consumption

• CCS plants consume higher Auxiliary power on account of : • CO2 capture process, including FGD – 3-4% • CO2 compression – 9-10%

APC

Gross Plant capacity

500 MW

Power output without CCS

Power output with CCS

470 MW

400 MW

Source: NETL

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CCS: Very High Energy Penalty - Even more for a typical Indian power station having no FGD facility

Over all efficiency of conventional Subcritical PC units with CCS is about 33% lower as compared to units without CCS. In other words PC units with CCS will consume about 33% more coal. Source: NETL 11

Impact of CCS on Capital cost

Note: Capital cost increase for Indian plants would be even higher, ranging from 100 – 150% 12

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CCS – Impact on Cost of Electricity

•For a typical Indian subcritical PC plant with CCS, COE is expected to increase by 60% - 90% •Impact of FC – 85% - 125% •Impact on VC – 30% - 40% 14

Issues with Storage sites

Magnitude

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Only one commercial geo-sequestration plant using saline reservoir storage in operation globally (in Norway), injecting 1 MT CO2 / year.

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None of the existing or proposed CCS projects (including oil/gas linked), sequester more than 1.5 million tons of CO2/ year.

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A single 500 MW conventional coal plant emits about 3.3 million metric tons per year.

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By 2031-32 India would have about 500,000 MW of coal based capacity. # Requiring 3.3 Billion tons of CO2 storage per year.

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Safety concerns

Geological mapping for CO2 storage in its infancy, even at global level #

Too premature to assess potential for such large storage needs.

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Seismically active northern India may not be available, thereby restricting choice further.

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CO2 is to be stored in shelf of rocks. It can leak through cracks after years of storage.

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Any leakage could be fatal, particularly in thickly populated country like India

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Northern India is seismically active, making CO2 storage more risky proposition

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Any likely contamination of ground water/potable water is a great concern as India’s natural resources are already stressed 15

Low Carbon Power - NTPC Efforts

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NTPC Initiatives !

As an energy company we have a unique responsibility. We are conscious of the problem and are actively involved in its solution.

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GoI/ NTPC is actively engaged in various global efforts to mitigate GHG emissions by participating in forums like CSLF, IEA-ETP workshops, APP, Indo-EU and Indo-German, Indo-UK collaborations etc.

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Generation Capacity Expansion is complemented by Emission Mitigation endeavours "

Sustained effort to enhance plant efficiency

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Suitable realignment of fuel mix

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Adoption of advanced cleaner and greener technologies

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New NTPC power projects to have online CO2(%) monitoring systems installed at Stacks 17

Efficiency Improvement %

Efficiency Improvement Efforts in NTPC

Sub - critical units Unit Size

Super - critical units

500 MW

500 MW

660 MW

660 MW

MS Pressure kg/cm2

170

170

247

247

MS Steam Temp(O C)

537

537

537

565

RH Steam Temp (O C)

537

565

565

593

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Pursuing Renewables and Technology development Renewable

Portfolio in 2012

Portfolio in 2017

Hydro including small hydro

2000 MW

9000 MW

Wind

500 MW

1000 MW

Solar including PV

20 MW

100 MW Numbers are tentative

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Adoption of IGCC in NTPC STUDY UNDER USAID #First study funded by USAID, conducted with Nexant Technologies. #Studied the feasibility of 100 MW plant at Dadri #Study conducted in three phases and included evaluation of appropriate gasification technology for high ash Indian coals STUDY BY R&D COMMITTEE/ BHEL #Another study was conducted for indigenous development of technology. NTPC, BHEL and other leading scientific organisations participated. #The study included experimentation on pilot scale gasification plants developed by BHEL and scaling up of the pilot scale facility to 100 MW Demonstration Plant at Auraiya. #Based on the experiments conducted at the 6.2 MW CCDP plant at BHEL, Trichy, BHEL submitted a DPR for a 125 MW Demonstration Plant at NTPC Auraiya. #Both studies indicated that Fluidized Bed Gasifiers are suitable for Indian coals even though the same were yet to be commercially proven. #The capital cost for a 100 MW IGCC Demonstration plant will be of the order of Rs. 850900 crores and the net efficiency will be 31-33%. #As a clean coal initiative, NTPC is making efforts for induction of IGCC technology by taking ahead the work done so far. #For this purpose NTPC is considering appointment of an experienced consultant for assisting in preparation of technical specifications, owner’s engineering etc.

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Focus Area: GHG Mitigation

Su Im Eff pe pr icie rc ov nc r e IG itica meny CC l, t: US C,

& – e n io ion lga t xa t A Fi ilisa ine r Ut Ma g. . e

Focus: CO2 Focus: FOCUS GHG Focus: fixation Technolog Renewables MITIGATION y

Hydro, Wind, Solar

• CCS technology at a nascent stage • Too premature to be considered a viable low carbon option • Focus needs to be on • Efficiency improvement • Renewable energy • CO2 fixation

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www.ntpc.co.in,

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Roundtable Conference on Climate Change

R S SHARMA CHAIRMAN AND MANAGING DIRECTOR NTPC LTD