Reference values of hematological parameters for ...

Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 36(4) 2016, 169

ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱCyprinus carpio M. Witeska*, K. Lugowska and E. Kondera Department of Animal Physiology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland

Abstract ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱȱĜȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ spatial, temporal and individual variability. In the present paper we summarized the data obtained ȱŘŖŖŜȬŘŖŗŚȱȱȱȱȱŚŗȱȱŗŚŜȱǻȱȱǼȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱǰȱ śȬŞȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱȱřȬŚȱ ȱȱŗŜȬŗŞǚǯȱȱşśƖȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ǳȱ ȱŘŚǯŖȬŘśǯśƖǰȱ ȱŜŘǯŚȬŜşǯŜȱȦǰȱȱŗǯřśȬŗǯśŗȱƼȱŗŖ6ȦΐǰȱȱŗŝŞǯŜȬŘŖŖǯŗȱǰȱ ȱŚŝǯřȬśřǯŗȱ ǰȱ ȱŘśŜǯŜȬŘŞŚǯşȱȦǰȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱŘǯŗȬŚǯŗƖǰȱȱśŗǯřȬŜŖǯŞȱƼȱŗŖ3Ȧΐǰȱ¢ȱ Ǳȱ¢¢ȱŞŝǯřȬşŗǯŝƖǰȱȱśǯŜȬŞǯşƖȱȱ¢ȱŖǯŝȬŘǯŖƖǰȱȱŗŚǯŚȬŘśǯŚȱƼȱŗŖ3Ȧΐȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱŖǯşŗȬŗǯŗŗȱȦȱȱ£ǯȱȱȱ ȱȱěȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǻǯǯȱ¢ȱȱ¢¢ǼǰȱȱȮȱ¢ȱȱǻȱ ǰȱǰȱǰȱ ȱȱ Ǽǰȱ ȱȱȬȱ¢ȱȱǻȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢Ǽǯ

Introduction Hematological analyses including complete ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ or immunological parameters are sometimes ȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱ¢-

ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱęȱȱ ȱƹȱŗǯşŜȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ or values at 2.5 percentile and 97.5 percentile ȱȬ¢ȱȱǯȱ

ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱęȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱǯȱ

ǰȱȱęȱȱȱȱ

ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ

ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ

ȱȱşśƖȱęȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱĴȱ

ȱȱȱȱĜȱȱȱȱ vertebrates due to their poikilothermy and

which water temperature plays probably the

ŘǯśƖȱȱȱȱȱȱǻȱ et al., 2010). According to Ambayya et al. (2014),

most important role. According to Leard et al. ǻŗşşŞǼǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱ-

vary a single baseline range is appropriate,

* Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]

170, Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 36(4) 2016

ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ Ěȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱǻŗşşśǰȱŗşşŝǼǰȱȱȱȱȃȄȱ ȱȃȱȄȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱęȱ ěȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱ-

ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ£ȱȱ own data concerning hematological parameters ȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ similar size and age, reared in pond and then acclimated to the laboratory environment, colȱȱȱȱȱşȱ¢ǯ

tological parameters may considerably vary

Materials and methods

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱśȬŞȱ

ȱěȱ¢ȱȱȱǻȱ ȱȱǯǰȱ 2001; Svetina et al., 2002; Bastami et al., 2009)

months old clinically healthy common carp

and environmental (eg Orun and Erdemli, 2002; Morgan et al., 2008; Langer et al., 2013; Gupta et

60.7 g were collected and evaluated. The results ȱȱȱŚŗȬŗŚŜȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱęǰȱȱȱŘŖŖŜȱȱŘŖŗŚȱǻȱȱ-

ǯǰȱŘŖŗřǼȱǯȱȱȱȱǻŗşşśǼǰȱ ȱǱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱthyohematology should be replaced by wider ȱȱ¢ȱȮȱȱȃ¢ȱȄǯȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ

(Cyprinus carpioǼȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱŘŖǯŜȬ

ȱ ȱȱȱȱęǼǯȱȱęȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Inland Fisheries Institute in Zabieniec or the ¿ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ

be always compared with appropriate with-

ȱȱ¢¢ȱȱęȱ ȱ

Ȭ¢ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ

water and supplied with pure oxygen to the

ȱǰȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱ

¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢¢ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ

ȱęȱȱǰȱȱ

ȱ ǯȱȱȱęȱȱȱ

help to improve study design, and reduce the

groups were subjected to ichthyopathological

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ

examination including clinical, anatomopatho-

experimental and control groups.

logical, parasitological and bacteriological eval-

Common carp belong to the most popular

ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ

ȱęȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ

ȱǯȱȱęȱȱ ȱȱ

also widely used in pond and laboratory exǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ

ȱřȬŚȱ ȱȱȱĚ Ȭȱȱȱ 250 L at water temperature 16-18oC, and were

common carp were evaluated by many authors ǻȱŗǼȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ-

¢ȱȱȱŗȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱǻŗŖȬŗŘȱęȱȱŗŖŖȱǼȱȱ ȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ

water was changed daily by siphoning out 75%

used as control groups in their experiments and ěȱ¢ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯ

ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱnated tap water. Water quality parameters in ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ renewal. The water temperature in aquaria was similar as in the acclimation tank (16-19oC),

34±1 28±0.5 29±3 44.0±6.0 43.6 43.6±0.18 33.6±3.2 31.8±5.5 22-39 29±3 36±6 26±3 22.0±5.3 29.8±2.7 33.1-34.8 34.7±2.5 27.2 13.7-13.8 31.0±0.5 15.6±1.5 41.5±0.6 29.2±2.7 42.2±0.5 30.9±3.5 22.3±1.4 42.8±4.0

Ht [%]

Hb [g/L]

MCV [fL]

1.27±0.05 91±4 2.00±0.28 55±6 78.3±2.1 2.31±0.16 103.7±0.6 1.81±0.2 69.4±16.0 178.2±31.7 0.90-2.02 37.6-87.6 133.7–248.4 1.64±0.14 86.3±7.6 180.3±15.3 1.68±0.26 98.2±15.4 236.2±24.6 1.05±0.03 68.4±9.2 248.1±36.0 1.51±0.01 70.7±15.2 1.58±0.10 50.0±0.0 189.3±4.2 1.56-1.65 56.5-61.2 202.7-216.7 1.51±0.22 88.6±4.6 190.0±40.0 1.40-1.49 52.2-53.4 186.5-198.0 0.33-0.38 46.3-47.2 367.3-413.7 2.60±0.01 84.0±10.0 1.07±0.09 - 130.9±16.3 2.48±0.20 88.8±10.0 1.63±0.13 74.30±7.35 179.5±13.5 1.80±0.02 112.4±.4.1 234.5±2.0 2.94-2.95 83.8-84.6 1.40±0.09 71.8±13.5 217.2±24.2 2.30±0.2 60 ±3 1.18±0.06 1.37±0.19 94±8 317.9±60.9

RBC [103/μL] 40.2±6.5 36.9–57.8 52.9±4.7 58.8±6.9 65.2±10.0 31.8±2.0 36.1±38.7 54.0±17.2 34.9-39.8 125-139 45.8±4.2 62.5±1.6 51.9±8.2 -

WBC [103/μL] 18 15.5 23±2 22 21.0±1.5 17±1 19.5-19.9 16.5-17.9 27.4±0.4 26.2–27.1 22.5 38.6±0.8 18-26 27.0±1.2 21-24 23±1 23±1 16.8–20.1 20±1 19±2 21.2 25±0.2

Ù ȱȱ ǰȱŗşşŖ Yildiz, 1998 Kopp and Hetesa, 2000 ÚȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŖŖ Stosik et al., 2001 Svetina et al., 2002 Harikrishnan et al., 2003 Tripathi et al., 2004 Mikula et al., 2008 Sudova et al., 2009 Velisek et al., 2009 Velisek et al., 2010 Ajani and Akpoilih, 2010 Kumar et al., 2010 Ahmad et al., 2011 Al Ghanim, 2011 Enache et al., 2011 Saravanan et al., 2011 Al-Rudainy and Kadhim, 2012 Gul et al., 2012 Pakravan et al., 2012 Velisek et al., 2012 Gholami-Seyedkolaei et al., 2013 Masud and Singh, 2013 Yonar, 2013 Jagruthi et al., 2014 Jahanbakhshi et al., 2014 Kuhlwein et al., 2014

Age/mass Water Author ȱęȱǽǾ temp. [°C]

58.8±8.0 62±12 37.8±2.9 26.8±2.9 120±3 36.9±7.9 60-80 20-50 57.3 3.2±0.1 40±10 216±33 24.0±5.6 200 150-320 61.2±7.3 290±20 74.0±28.3 138.3±28.7 257±26 8.2±3.7 15.3±4.6 263±13 85.4±15.5 138.3±28.7 1.4±0.1 19.4±14.1 171±28 143.0±10.0 2-3 171-179 35.5-37.2 55-60 295±13 - Fingerlings 191-196 65-66 293-337 16.8-18.5 8.0±0.4 25.4±0.9 40-50 4.2±4.1 50.9±11.0 2.9±0.8 20±2 255±11 20.5±7.8 297.4±55.6 266±7 22.0±0.1 41.0±0.2 - 18.4-18.5 11.5-19.5 241±31 32.7±3.2 67.5±9.1 - 155.1±2.0 26.3±1.4 9.9±0.2 25 222±33 29.7±7.1 61.9±2.4

MCH MCHC [pg] [g/L]

Table 1.ȱȱȱǻƹǯǯǼȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCyprinus carpio (according to various authors).



Thangam et al., 2014 Wang et al., 2014 Yonar et al., 2014 Bojarski et al., 2015 Marin et al., 2015 Saravanan et al., 2015 £ȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŗś 28-31 17±2 20 14 25.9±0.1 -

ȱ ȱȱȱŝǯŖȱȱŝǯŚǯȱȱęȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱǻȱȱǼȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱŚǯśȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŗƖȱȱ¢ȱǯȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱ various studies, and blood samples yielding ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ ǻȬȱǼǯȱȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱ by heart puncture with heparinized needles ȱȱȱ£ȱȱǼǯȱ The studies were approved by the III Local ȱȱȱ ǯȱȱŗśŖȱΐȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱęǰȱȱȱȱȱȱřŖȱǯȱȱȱ blood were subjected to routine hematological analysis (Svobodova et al., 1991, with own ęǼǯȱ ȱǻ Ǽǰȱȱ concentration (Hb), erythrocyte count (RBC), mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), leukocyte

phagocytes (NBT) were evaluated. Calcula-

0.90-0.98 0.79±0.15 1.49±0.12 1.47±0.20 1.14-1.46 0.76±0.03 0.83±2.35

230.0±37.9 176.6±13.5 236.8-268.8 191.4±11.1 285.8±78.5

hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular

34.1-55.6 114.3±4.4 76.6±7.6 102.5±8.0 56.4-69.0 49.2±2.7 78±22

51.0±7.5 243±29 78.8±10.0 446±44 47.1-49.5 183-200 65.0±3.5 340±20 91±31 -

18.2-20.6 197.3±6.3 36.0±4.4 43.8±6.8 61.2-62.3 30.4±1.3 41.5±5.0

5-6 11.3±0.1 46.3±7.7 80±5 25-45 5.8±0.8 10-15

ǻŘŖȬřŖȱǯǼȱȱȱęȱ ȱǰȱ

14.0±3.4 34.2±5.7 24±1 30.6-34.6 14.5±0.9 18±9.1

Age/mass Water Author ȱęȱǽǾ temp. [°C] WBC [103/μL] MCH MCHC [pg] [g/L] MCV [fL] Hb [g/L] RBC [103/μL] Ht [%]

Table 1.ȱǯȱȱȱǻƹǯǯǼȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCyprinus carpio (according to various authors).

ȱȱȱ¡¢ȱȱ ȱŝǯŖȬşǯŚȱȦǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŖǯřȱ ȱŗǯŖȱȦǰȱȱȱȱȱŖǯŖȱȱŖǯřȱȦǯȱ

count (WBC), thrombocyte count (PLT) and ȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ¢ǰȱȱěȱ ¢ȱȱǻȱȱ¢¢ǰȱ ȱȱ¢Ǽȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱ and Giemsa solutions (300 erythrocytes and 100 ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱ Ǽǯȱęȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ et al. (1994). For Ht evaluation heparinized ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱŗŘǰŖŖŖȱ


ȱȱśȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ erythrocyte layer in entire blood volume was measured using a Ht reader. Hb was measured

ȱȱŗŖȱ ȱǻǰȱǼǯȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ

using spectrophotometric cyanmethemoglobin

and descriptive statistics were calculated:

ǱȱŗŖȱΐȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱ ȱŗȱȱ ȱȱǰȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱśŚŖȱ nm wavelength, and hemoglobin concentration

ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ

ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ

to mean (in percent). For the literature data

standard hemoglobin solutions. For RBC and WBC counts blood was diluted 100 times with

the same parameters were calculated (n is the

Hayem’s solution, and the cells were counted in ȱ¢ȱȱƼŚŖŖȱętion. MCV, MCH, and MCHC were calculated

Ĝȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ

using Ht, RBC and Hb values according to the

¢ȱȱǻȱǂŖǯŖśǼǯȱ

ȱȱȬȱȱǻȱǂŖǯŖśǼȱ

standard deviation, median, minimum and ¡ǯȱĜȱȱȱ ȱȱ

ȱȱȱǼǯȱȂȱȱ

ȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱ

Ǳȱƽǻ ƼŗŖǼȦǰȱ ƽ Ȧǰȱ ƽǻ ƼŗŖŖǼȦ ǯȱ¢ȱȱǻǼȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ

Results and discussion

per 100 leukocytes in blood smears and WBC

mal distributions and the obtained ranges

values. Spontaneous oxidative metabolic activ-

ǻȬ¡Ǽȱ ȱ ȱȱȱęȬȬ

¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ Siwicki et al. (1985) using the nitrotetrazolium ȱǻǼȱȱǱȱśŖȱΐȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŖǯŘƖȱȱ ȱȱȱȱŗȱȱȱŘŞǚȱǻ¡ȱ

ęȱ¢ȱǻȱŘǼǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǻ ǰȱǰȱ Hb, MCV and MCH) were slightly lower, while

¢ȱŗśȱǼǰȱȱŗȱȱȱ¢-

authors (Table 2b), which might have resulted

mide (DMF) was added to kill the cells and the

ȱȱǼǯȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱśŚŜȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ

nm wavelength using the spectrophotometer,

lymphocytes in our own studies were higher,

ȱ£ȱȱ ȱȱ

ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ-

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ studies. However, some authors reported ex-

mazan solutions.

tremely low WBC values (below 103ȦΐǼǯȱ ȱ

ȱ ȱȱȱśȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱǻȱȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȬ-

MCHC was slightly higher compared to those ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ

ěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ

ěȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱǯǯȱ

ȱȱǻǼȱ ȱěǱȱȱŚŗȱ ȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱŗŚŜȱȱǯȱȱ

ȱȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ

results were subjected to statistical analysis

ȱǻśŖȱǼȱ ȱȱřŚƖȱȱȱ


ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ǰȱŘŖƖȱȱĴȬ ȂȱǰȱŗŚƖȱ

ȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ

Prochazka-Skrobak’s,10% Dacie’s, 8% Turk’s,

ǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ

4% Rees-Ecker’s or Shaw’s, Marcano’s, Giemsa

ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ

or PBS – each used by 2%. One author (2%) used

ȱǯȱȱȱ¢¢ǰȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ in smear. Two authors (4%) used automated

neutrophils and monocytes reported by other authors were 50.4-95.9%, 0.8- 28.0% and 0.5%

methods, remaining 94% - manual count in

-13.6%, respectively (Table 1).

Burker or Neubauer hemocytometers. AccordȱȱȬȱȱǯȱǻŘŖŖŘǼǰȱĴȬ Ȃȱ

ȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱȱ

ȱĜ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱ

phagocytes obtained in the present study was

the WBC value obtained using this diluent was ę¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ-

similar to that reported by Yonar (2013) and Yonar et al. (2014) (1.04±0.10 and 0.98±0.11

tained using indirect methods. Additionally,

Ȧǰȱ¢Ǽȱȱȱȱȱ£ȱȱ

the authors pointed out that this solution also

acclimated in a similar way to the laborato-

ȱ¢ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱ

ry conditions in this study. It was, however,

immature erythrocytes. Our own experiences with Turk’s and Shaw’s solutions revealed that all blood cell nuclei stained which made ȱ¢ȱ¢ȱĜȱȱȱȱ similarity to erythrocyte nuclei and thrombo-

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱǻŗşşŜǼȱǻŗǯŜŘƹŖǯŜŖȱȦǼȱ

¢ǯȱǰȱ ȱȱ ¢Ȃȱȱ ǻȱȱ¢Ǽȱȱȱȱȱȱ

without any laboratory acclimation period. The ěȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ-

counts. Leukocytes were clearly visible as small

ditions this parameter may decrease, probably

ȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ

ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ

erythrocytes and small oblong thrombocytes.

ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ

Tavares-Dias et al. (2002) also compared the

ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ optimum water quality.

Ĝȱȱȱȱȱȱtained by various authors and revealed that

ȱ ȱȱǯȱǻŗşŞśǼȱǻŗǯŞŖƹŖǯŘŖȱȦǼǯȱȱȱ studies analyses were carried out immediately ȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱǰȱ

ȱȱȱȱŞǯŖȱȱśŖƖǯȱȱȱ¢ȱ

¢ȱȱȱęȱȱ¢ȱ-

this value was 49%, while pooled data obtained

ȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱ

ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǻȱŘǼȱ

one group with leukocytes due to considerable

showed 104%.

morphological similarity. Our data showed that ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱ¢¢ȱ

variable. According to other authors mean PLT

(almost exclusively resting cells were observed,

ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱŖǯşƼȱŗŖ3Ȧ

ǻȱŗǼȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǻȱ

ΐȱȱŚŝǯŚȱƼȱŗŖ3ȦΐȱǻȱŗǼǯȱȱęȱȱ

1b) and monocytes (Figure 1c) in our study might have been related to very good health

ȱȱȱ¢Ǳȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱǻȱŗǼǰȱȱ ǻȱŗǼǰȱȱȱȱǻȱŗǼǯ

ȱȱȱęȱȮȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱ

Ht [%] RBC [106ȦΐǾ

ȱǽȦǾ ȱǽǾ MCH [pg] ȱǽȦǾ Erythroblasts [%] WBC [103ȦΐǾ Lymphocytes [%] Neutrophils [%] Monocytes [%] ȱǽȦǾ PLT [103ȦΐǾ

Parameter

140 146 143 119 122 116 41 134 51 51 51 122 50

# of ę 24.8±0.4 1.43±0.04 66.0±1.8 189.4±5.4 50.2±1.5 270.8±7.1 3.1±0.5 56.0±2.4 89.5±1.1 7.2±0.8 1.4±0.3 1.01±0.05 19.9±2.7

Mean ±SEM 4.5 0.47 21.8 59.2 16.1 76.8 3.1 27.7 7.7 6.0 2.4 0.57 19.4

S.D.

2a

25.0 1.31 65.0 178.7 48.0 278.3 1.0 52.3 92.0 6.0 0.8 0.93 13.2

Median 12.0-36.5 0.61-2.80 22.6-170.0 91.4-379.7 13.7-94.0 80.8-547.9 0.0-9.1 11.0-178.8 58.0-98.3 1.0-34.0 0.0-11.0 0.41-2.50 2.9-115.0

Ȭ¡ȱ

Mean ±SEM

34 29.0±1.5 35 1.49±0.10 34 73.8±3.5 24 227.7±13.6 22 59.8±5.9 23 245.7±15.5 34 42.5±7.6 10 80.2±4.3 10 10.4±3.0 8 3.7±1.6 4 14.2±11.1

# of studies 8.7 0.59 20.5 66.6 27.4 74.2 44.4 13.5 9.5 4.4 22.2

S.D.

2b

30.2 1.49 73.0 216.9 52.4 243.0 31.6 82.7 9.7 2.0 4.3

Median

13.7-43.6 0.33-2.95 37.6-114.3 130.9-412.7 31.8-139.0 120.0-446.0 1.4-197.3 50.4-95.9 0.4-28.0 0.5-13.6 0.9-47.4

Ȭ¡ȱ

Table 2.ȱ ȱȱȱśȬŞȱȱȱCyprinus carpioȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȬǯȱȱȱȱřȬŚȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǻŘǰȱǼǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCyprinus carpio by various authors listed in table 1 (2b, right).



Figure 1.ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǻȱȮȱ¢¢ǰȱȱȮȱ¢ǰȱȱȮȱ neutrophil, T – thrombocyte).

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ

ȱęȱȱ ȱȱȱ

ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ-

ȱȱȱȱęȱ¢ȱ

ported by other authors (Table 2b), probably

ȱȱ ȱǰȱ¡ȱȱ ȱ

Ěȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱǰȱ£ǰȱ ȱ¢ǰȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ

negative relationships between MCV and body ȱǻƽȬŖǯŚŘǼǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ

¢ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ

ȱǻƽȬŖǯŚřǼǯȱ


ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱȱȮȱ ȱŘśȱȱśŖƖȱǻȱ

ȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱ£ǰȱ reared under similar environmental conditions

ǰȱ ǰȱǰȱ ǰȱ ȱȱǼǰȱȱ ȱȱǻȱȱ¢ǰȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ

neutrophils and monocytes, PLT and NBT)

ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱśȬŞȱ month old juvenile common carp harvested in

they were high – over 50%, while low variation ǻ ȱŘśƖǼȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱřȬŚȱ ȱȱ

ȱȱ¢¢ǯȱȱȱȱ

ŗŜȬŗŞǚȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ

ȱĜȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ

ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱęȱ

ȱȱǱȱȱȮȱ ȱŘśȱȱśŖƖȱ

under similar conditions.

ȱ ǰȱǰȱ ǰȱǰȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱ ǻȱśŖƖǼȱȱȱȱȱȱ monocytes, WBC and PLT, while low only in the

Acknowledgements

ȱȱȱȱ¢¢ǯȱȱ

ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱȱřŞŝȦŗŚȦǯ

ȱȱĜȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǻ ǰȱ¢ȱȱ lymphocytes), some moderately variable (RBC, Hb, MCV, MCH and MCHC), and some are ¢ȱȱǻ¢ȱȱȱȱ monocytes and PLT). According to Vosyliene ǻŗşşşǼǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ęȱȱ¢ȱȬȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱǯ The obtained results and their comparison with ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱȱ natural environment to the laboratory inevitably ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęǰȱȱȱȱ acclimation takes place and optimum water ¢ȱȱǯȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱȱ laboratory conditions and those sampled di¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱěǯȱ It is, however, possible to develop the ranges

ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱęȱȱȱ

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