regional and local anesthesia

Principles of bovine laparotomy

Dr. El-Sayed El-Shafaey BVMS, MS & Ph.D. Associate Professor of Surgery, Anesthesiology & Radiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mansoura University

Objectives 

Aim of bovine laparotomy

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Anatomical consideration

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Different approaches for bovine laparotomy

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Exploration of the abdomen

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How to minimize the intraoperative and postoperative complications

I- Aim (Clinical significance) 

Exploration (Diagnosis) 1 – GIT (Vagal indigestion)  2 – Urogenital  3- Abdominal wall defects 

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Treatment

II- Preoperative evaluation

Pain test

Mine detector

II- Anatomical considerations 

Abdominal cavity boundaries 1- Cranial 3- Dorsal

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2- Caudal 4- Lateral

Abdominal wall musculatures 1- External oblique 2 - Internal oblique 3- Transversus abdominis 4- Rectus abdominis

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Important structures   

- Linea alba - Milk vein - Flank region (Paralumbar fossa)

III- Laparotomy approaches 

Factors affecting selection of laparotomy approach:  - Species  - Anesthesia  - Surgeon  - Sex  - Location of the diseased organ  - Value of the animal  - Facilities

III- Laparotomy approaches 

Preoperative preparation and medication: 

- Patient evaluations

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- Fasting

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- Preoperative antibiotic considerations

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- Anesthesia and animal position

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- Aseptic preparations

III- Laparotomy approaches 

Flank (paralumbar) laparotomy

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Ventral laparotomy

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Ventrolateral laparotomy

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Paracostal laparotomy

1- Flank laparotomy 

A- Left flank laparotomy - Technique  - Layers  - Exploration  - Indications  - Advantages  - Disadvantages541  - Closure 

1- Flank laparotomy 

B- Right flank laparotomy - Technique  - Layers  - Exploration  - Indications  - Advantages  - Disadvantages541  - Closure 

2- Ventral laparotomy 

A- Paramedian (rectus-splitting) laparotomy 1- Cranial 2- Caudal 1- Right 2- Left - Technique  - Layers  - Exploration  - Indications  - Advantages  - Disadvantages541  - Closure 

2- Ventral laparotomy 

B- Median (linea alba) laparotomy 1- Cranial 2- Caudal - Technique  - Layers  - Exploration  - Indications  - Advantages  - Disadvantages541  - Closure 

3- Ventrolateral laparotomy (Low flank laparotomy) A- Horizontal A- Right - Technique  - Layers  - Exploration  - Indications  - Advantages  - Disadvantages541  - Closure 

B- Oblique B- Left

4- Paracostal laparotomy (Post-xiphoid laparotomy) - Technique  - Layers  - Exploration  - Indications  - Advantages  - Disadvantages  - Closure 

IV- Aseptic abdominal exploration    

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Anatomical background Aseptic preparations Abdominal backing Exploration technique (Direction & Viscus opening) Organs exteriorization Abdominal lavage Abdominal closure Postoperative care

V- Complications    

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Peritonitis (infection) S/C emphysema Wound dehiscence Incisional hernia Hemorrhage Shock and death

Questions???