removal of heavy metals from industrial waste water ...

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017, pp. 1869–1871, Article ID: IJCIET_08_04_213 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=4 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication

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REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER USING COCONUT COIR Ch. Aravind, K. Chanakya U.G Student, Civil Engineering Department, KL University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India K. Mahindra Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KL University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT Heavy metals are one of the major components of wastewater. In particular industries such as metal-plating industry, these values are very high. Removal of heavy metals from wastewater requires significant attention. There are several conventional methods for treating industrial wastewater like Reverse-Osmosis, Electro-dialysis, Ion-exchange process which were found to be expensive and require continuous surveillance. Hence, there is requirement for use of some efficient method which is very easy and economical. Adsorption is one such basic method which proves to be cost-effective as well as conventional method which is easy to operate and manage. In present study, Coconut coir powder is used as an adsorbent to remove the Heavy metals Copper, Nickel, and Cadmium. It is found that the coconut coir has good adsorption capacity to separate the metals from the wastewater. Key words: Heavy metals, Coconut coir, Adsorption. Cite this Article: Ch. Aravind, K. Chanakya and K. Mahindra, Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Waste Water Using Coconut Coir. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp. 1869–1871. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=4

1. INTRODUCTION Water which is affected in quality by anthropogenic influence is called wastewater. It can originate from domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff or storm water. Heavy metals are natural components of the Earth's crust. They cannot be degraded or destroyed. To a small extent they enter our bodies via food, drinking water and air. Presence of heavy metals in groundwater and surface water has become one of the major environmental worries. The industries disposing wastewater into the surface water bodies without proper treatment, leads to several health disorders such as Cadmium (Cd) causes

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Ch. Aravind, K. Chanakya and K. Mahindra

Kidney damage, renal disorder, human carcinogen, Copper (Cu) causes Liver damage, Wilson disease, insomnia, Nickel (Ni) causes Dermatitis, nausea, chronic asthma, coughing. Many techniques are readily available for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. The conventional methods of treatment of heavy metal contamination includes chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation, ion exchange, membrane separation, reverse osmosis, electro dialysis etc. But these methods are costly. Adsorption is an efficient technique to remove the heavy metals from wastewater. The objective of this study is to check the ability of coconut coir as adsorbent to the heavy metals in wastewater.

1.1. Materials The adsorbent used in the present study is coconut coir. The Coconut coir was collected from local market and was cleaned to remove dust particles. Coir is soaked in 5% HCL solution for 24hrs and dried. It is then placed in muffle furnace for 20 minutes. This process is called activation of carbon. The activated fibre is taken and powdered into fine particles and stored in an air-tight plastic container.

2. METHODOLOGY The sample for this study is treated wastewater sample, collected from Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) in Machilipatnam of Krishna district. The initial Concentration of Heavy metals Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), and Cadmium (Cd) was found using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The sample of 90ml solution is taken and adsorbent is added at different dosages i.e. 1gm, 3gm, and 5gm in 3 beakers. Using Gyro Shaker, the adsorbent is mixed with sample for approximately 20 minutes. The samples are taken out and kept aside for 2 hours to allow the adsorbent adsorb the Heavy metals present in the water sample. All the 3 samples are filtered using What man filter paper number42. 50ml of this is taken as input to the atomic adsorption spectrophotometer to find the concentration of the metals Cu, Ni and Cd. Throughout the testing, the room temperature was maintained at 25oC.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The results obtained from the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer are tabulated as follows: Table 1 Concentration of Cu, Ni, and Cd after different dosages of adsorbent Initial concentration

Concentration after 1gm dosage



Cu

4.971 ppm

0 ppm

0 ppm

0 ppm

Ni

5.067 ppm

0.003 ppm

0.015 ppm

0.025 ppm

Cd

0.947 ppm

0.004 ppm

0.010 ppm

0.019 ppm

All the three heavy metals have been effectively removed by the coconut coir at a minimum dosage of 1 gram per 90 ml of the sample. This indicates that minor dosage of carbon is sufficient for effective removal heavy metals.


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Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Waste Water Using Coconut Coir

Concentration of metallic ions in ppm

Performance graph of adsorbent 6 5 4 3

Cu

2

Ni

1

Cd

0 0

1gm

3gm

5gm

Dosage of adsorbent

Figure 1 Performance graph of adsorbent

4. CONCLUSION Coconut coir is found as an effective adsorbent material in removing heavy metals from the wastewater. However, there is a large scope to study its other characteristics and to optimise the dosage of the adsorbent.

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