Remy, 2017. Critical comments on the genus Propachynolophus Lemoine, 1891 ...... MNHN L10-Ma. M/2 M/3. 2. 3. NMB Ts-369. M/3. 3. 3. NMB Ts-743. M/3. 4. 3.
Remy, 2017. Critical comments on the genus Propachynolophus Lemoine, 1891 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equoidea). Suppplementary data
taxon Propachynolophus
gaudryi
locality Mancy
Monthelon Grauves
Cuis (coll. agéienne)
maldani
Grauves
Monthelon Cuis (coll. agéienne)
remyi
Las Badies Central EHNER Les Saleres
El Pueyo
levei
Condé en Brie
specimen MNHN L-41Ma MNHN MCY-4 MNHN MCY-5 MNHN MCY-6 MNHN MCY-7 MNHN MCY-8 MNHN MCY-9 FSL 2047 FSL 2048 MNHN L-13GR MNHN L-31GR MNHN L-33GR MNHN L-35GR MNHN L-42GR MNHN L-46GR MNHN L-54GR MNHN L-60GR MNHN L-61GR MNHN L-62GR FSL 1960 FSL 1961 FSL 1963 FSL 1964 FSL 1965 FSL 1973 FSL 1997 FSL 1999 FSL 2000 FSL 2096 MNHN AL-6532 MNHN AL-6533 MNHN AL-6534 MNHN AL-6535 MNHN AL-6536 MNHN AL-6537 MNHN AL-6538 MNHN AL-6539 MNHN AT2-007 MNHN AT2-013A MNHN AT2-019 MNHN AT2-020A MNHN AT2-020B MNHN AT2-021 NMB TS-83 MNHN L-09GR MNHN L-19GR MNHN L-23GR MNHN L-25GR MNHN L-41GF FSL 2040 FSL 1971 FSL 1972 MNHN AL-5208 MNHN AL-6550 MNHN AL-6551 MNHN AL-6552 MNHN AL-6554 MNHN AL-6555 MNHN AL-6561 MNHN AL-6562 MNHN AL-6563 MNHN AL-6564 ICP 3206 ICP 3169 ICP 3100 LS-13 ICP 3105 LS-23 ICP 3106 LS-24 ICP 3109 LS-25 ICP 3114 ICP 3146 LS-15 ICP 3209 Py-1 ICP 3372 Py-10 ICP 3372 Py-11 ICP 3374 Py-6 ICP 3374 Py-7 ICP 3374 Py-8 ICP 3374 Py-9 NHML M49399
teeth width L/W P2/
P3/
P4/
M1/
dimensionless width M2/ 87 85 86
M3/ 92 90 88 83
P2/
P3/
P4/
M1/
M2/ 102 101 101
71
90 87
103
85
101
83
105
78
89 77
98
91
104 85
108 79 87
95 104 87
101
86
86 83
102 82 85 86 88 91
81 88 88 93
103 99
82
100
84 58
83
100 83
86 85
96
91 89
73
99
85
97
100 99
101
83 86 82
99 103 98
92
79 83 84
95 96 87
101
84
96 78 78
87
84
94 94
103
84 95
94 102 102 107
111 84
79 78
97 101 102 104 107
98
93
111
M3/ 107 104 101 97
91 81
77 78
83
79 85 85
80
82
104 93
79
97 99
100
93 100 100
89 83
80 87
108 101 106 100
82
94 102
85 104 89 84
103 98
82
96
80 83
96 100 81
96
84 90 76
101 87 80 88
87 93 83 87
108 91
85 85
94 98
89
83
103 94 104
101 108 96 101
100 80 88
102
78
98
93 101
99 84
100 96
111
87
102
85
108 84
101 86
85
93
100 93 87
86
98 97
89
90
102 94 87
98
108
106
106
109 100
(to be continued)
(end) taxon Pachynolophus
duvali
eulaliensis
boixedatensis molipontensis livinierensis cesserasicus P. sp.
gaytei bretovensis
garimondi zambranensis
lavocati
locality Passy
Ste-Eulalie
La Boixedat Moli del Pont La Livinière Cesseras Aumelas
Robiac Le Bretou (Quercy)
Fons 1 Zambrana
Memerlein (Quercy)
specimen MNHN CGR-085 MNHN CGR-086 MNHN CGR-087 UCMP 5464 UM-SEL 03 UM-SEL 10 UM-SEL 11 UM-SEL 13 UM-SEL 25 UM-SEL 45 UM-SEL 46 UM-SEL 47 UM-SEL 48 UM-SEL 53 UM-SEL 56 UM-SEL 87 UM-SEL 88 UM-SEL 101 ICP-2059 ICP 9100 FSL 3068 FSL 2977 (1) UM-AUM 048 UM-AUM 070 UM-AUM 138 UM-AUM 176 UM-AUM 187 UM-AUM 189 UM-AUM 191 UM-AUM 194 UM-AUM 197 UM-AUM 210 UM-AUM 211 UM-AUM 216 UM-AUM 224 UM-AUM 231 UM-AUM 235 UM-AUM 304 UM-AUM 321 UM-AUM 324 UM-RbN 5677 UM-BRT 130 UM-BRT 907 UM-BrB 1979 UM-F1 290 MCNA 09954 MCNA 10657 MCNA 10659 MCNA 10660 MCNA 10666 MNHN Qu-7371
teeth width L/W
dimensionless width
P2/
P3/
P4/ 79
M1/
M2/
111 133
83 79 93
72 72 76
68 77 81
69 83 80
82 88
74 73
73
79
119
M3/
P2/
P3/
P4/ 101
M1/
83 72
95 114
95 91 107
91 91 96
81 92 97
82 97 94
94 101
93 92
87
93
102
78
87 85
M2/ 93
80 92 94 85 86 82 86
103
82
102
97
96 101 93 105 122 96 107 101
104 94 107 100 99 94 102
83 117
140 121 140
94 90 92
78 77 86 88 72 81
80 84 77 88 102 80 90 84
88 80 91 85 84 80 86
80 83 90 90 91 86
101
120 104 120
107 104 105
98 98 109 111 91 103
81 83 82
106
99
83 88
100 105 85
76 78
98
83 78
85 85
83
85
84
73 79
86
91 84 89
96
96
99
98 92 99
102
99
87 94
101
95
107
110
100
83 75 85
96 89
118 95
92
82
90
82
93
145
97 103
101 102
86
95
92 96 104 104 106 100
101 85
78
100 95 99
97 99 99
86
104
93 106 108 99
103 84
84
96 83
96
90
112
M3/
95 107
106 94
83 88 88 101
100
85
92 86
91
95
109 124
135 108
78
94
90 78
synthesis M1/ M2/ Propachynolophus gaudryi N 15 15 84 85 mean variation range 78-93 79-91 standard deviation 3.754 2.671 coeff. of variation 4.5 3.1 Propachynolophus maldani N 5 8 84 84 mean variation range 80-89 80-89 standard deviation 3.174 3.136 coeff. of variation 3.8 3.7 Propachynolophus remyi N 5 6 84 86 mean variation range 76-90 83-88 standard deviation 5.102 1.708 coeff. of variation 6.1 2.0 Propachynolophus levei 89 90 all Pachynolophus N 29 24 83 84 mean variation range 68-102 69-100 standard deviation 7.174 6.020 coeff. of variation 7.3 6.6
120
100 105 106 121
118
102
109 101
114 88
99
102
M3/ 15 87 80-93 3.566 4.1 6 87 82-93 4.146 4.8 8 89 80-96 5.412 6.1 87 25 86 72-95 4.929 7.3
Supp-data 1 - Relative width of the upper cheek teeth in "Propachynolophus" and Pachynolophus species. Ratio L/W in percentage; P1/ excluded due to scarcity of data. In order to associate all the teeth on the same diagram, the dimensionless value of each data was calculated by referring it to the average obtained for each tooth category. (1) assuming that both parts of FSL 2977 pertain to the same individual (2977a: skull with C/-P4/ left; 2977b: fragment of jaw with right M1/-M3/).
taxon Hallensia
matthesi
Hyracotherium
leporinum
Pliolophus
vulpiceps
"Propachynolophus" gaudryi
levei remyi
Pachynolophus
duvali eulaliensis
boixedatensis livinierensis cesserasicus P. sp. Aumelas
bretovensis garimondi lavocati zambranensis
specimen GMH XIV-249 GMH XIV-439
tooth M3/ M3/
wear 0 0,5
H 6,9 5,4
Hcing
mean
44 54
48,7
NHML M16336 NHML M21236 NHML M61224 NHML M10657
M3/ M2/ M2/ M2/
1 1 1 1
3,6 4,5 4,5 4,9
55 45 45 52
FSL 1960 FSL 1961 FSL 1964 FSL 1973 FSL 2047 MNHN AL-6532 MNHN AL-6534 NMB TS 83 NHML M49399 ICP 3169 ICP 3374 ICP (unknown n°) ICP (unknown n°)
M3/ M3/ M1/ M1/ M2/ M3/ M1/ M3/ M3/ M3/ M3/ M3/ M1/
0,5 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1,5 1 0,5 1
6,2 6,1 5,8 5,6 7,4 7,4 6,5 6,9 5,1 4,7 5,7 4,6 4,0
36 41 42 42 38 45 42 39 31 37 38 30 38
MCZH 5464 MNHN CGR-90 UM-SEL 10 UM-SEL 87 UM-SEL 88 UM-SEL 101 ICP 2059 FSL 3068 FSL 2977 UM-AUM 176 UM-AUM 187 UM-AUM 189 UM-AUM 191 UM-AUM 194 UM-AUM 216 UM-AUM 224 UM-AUM 231 UM-AUM 321 UM-AUM 324 UM-BRT 130 UM-F1 290 MNHN Qu-7371 MNHN Qu-7371 MCNA 10666
P3/ M3/ M3/ M3/ M3/ M3/ M3/ M3/ M3/ M1/ M1/ M2/ M3/ M1/ M2/ M3/ M3/ M1/ M3/ M3/ M3/ P4/ M3/ M2/
0 0,5 1 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0 0,5 0,5 0 0 0,5 0 0 0 0 1 0,5 0 0 0
4,8 5,0 4,1 5,0 5,0 4,0 5,6 4,8 4,9 5,8 4,7 6,5 6,8 5,8 6,0 7,0 5,0 5,4 6,3 4,4 5,6 4,9 5,8 8,9
32 34 39 44 40 46 35 31 36 30 30 31 31 37 31 36 32 26 29 32 22 21 19 11
SD
V
48,2
6,177
12,8
40,7
2,842
7,0
35,8
3,606
10,1
42,2
3,329
7,9
31,1
3,111
10,0
32,9
19,9
Supp-data 2 - Relative height of the labial cingulum (Hcing) of upper check teeth in hyracotheres, "Propachynolophus" and Pachynolophus. wear = degree of wear, from 0: tooth unabraded to 5: worn out up to the neck; H = height of crown in mm; Hcing = height of cingulum / H × 100; in bold, observed ranges. The height measurement of the cingulum, which was taken at the paracone, presents some subjectivity due to local irregularities and obliquity of the cingulum towards the parastyle. The rather high coefficient of variability is likely due to these measurement problems. An important chronological drift of that parameter remains nevertheless indisputable (see Figure 5).
Hyracotherium Pliolophus
taxon leporinum vulpiceps barnesi
"Propachynolophus"
gaudryi
maldani remyi
Pachynolophus
duvali eulaliensis
boixedatensis
livinierensis P. sp. Aumelas P. sp. Canlong garimondi lavocati zambranensis
specimen tooth wear NHML M51682 M/3 1 NHML M13763-4 M/2 0 NHML M44910 M/3 0
H 4.1 4.2 4.4
Hcing
mean
41 43 45
43.9
FSL 1967 FSL 2041 FSL 2042 FSL 2043 MNHN AL-5210 MNHN L10Ma NMB TS-373 NMB TS-628 NMB TS-744 NMB TS-82 UCMP 64904 MNHN AL-5199 ICP 3092 ICP 3152 ICP 3159
M/2 M/1 M/3 M/2 M/3 M/3 M/3 M/3 P/4 M/1 M/3 M/3 M/3 M/2 M/1
0 1.5 0.5 1 0.5 0 1 1 0 0 0.5 1 2 0.5 2
6.5 6.6 6.3 6.8 6.7 7.2 6.6 6.4 6.7 6.8 8.1 3.8 5.0 5.2 5.0
43 41 37 45 42 29 31 40 39 38 39 43 44 36 32
FSL 3097 UM-SEL 2 UM-SEL 5 UM-SEL 8 UM-SEL 29 ICP 3056 ICP 3058 ICP 3097 ICP BX-19 NMB Liv-28 UM-AUM 161 UM-AUM 217 UM-CAL 6 UM-F1 183 MNHN Qu-7371 MCNA 9957
M/2 M/3 M/2 M/2 M/2 M/2 M/3 M/3 M/2 M/3 M/3 M/2 M/3 M/3 M/3 M2
0 0 1 0 0 1 0.5 1.5 0.5 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0.5
5.6 5.2 4.0 5.0 5.3 6.1 6.7 5.1 7.3 6.0 6.1 6.2 5.7 6.2 6.4 7.9
31 34 33 39 41 43 36 41 41 25 29 24 23 19 18 14
SD
V
38.6
4.842
12.6
37.7
6.169
16.3
36.9
3.987
10.8
40.1
3.141
7.8
26.4
Supp-data 3 - Relative height of the labial cingulum (Hcing) of lower check teeth in hyracotheres, "Propachynolophus" and Pachynolophus (measured at the protoconid). Same remarks than on supp-data 2.
taxon Pliolophus Hyracotherium
"Propachynolophus "
vulpiceps leporinum
gaudryi
maldani
levei Pachynolophus
eulaliensis
boixedatensis livinierensis cesserasicus P. sp.1 Aumelas
P. sp.2 Aumelas garimondi
specimen
tooth
U
IH
mean
SD
V
NHML M10657 NHML M61224 NHML M21236 NHML M16336
M2/ M2/ M2/ M3/
1 1 1 1
0,50 0,42 0,40 0,36
0,39
0,028
7,3
FSL 1960 FSL 1961 FSL 1964 FSL 1973 FSL 1997 FSL 2047 MNHN AL-6552 MNHN AL-6555 MNHN AL-6563 NHML M49399
M3/ M3/ M1/ M1/ M2/ M2/ M3/ M1/ M1/ M3/
0,5 1 0 0 0 0 0,5 0 0,5 0
0,39 0,38 0,40 0,46 0,42 0,49 0,39 0,43 0,43 0,49
0,42
0,043
10,0
0,41
0,021
5,0
UM-SEL 10 UM-SEL 47 UM-SEL 87 UM-SEL 101 ICP 2059 FSL 3068 FSL 2977 UM-AUM 176 UM-AUM 187 UM-AUM 189 UM-AUM 191 UM-AUM 194 UM-AUM 216 UM-AUM 224 UM-AUM 231 UM-AUM 321 UM-AUM 324 UM-AUM 213 UM-AUM 304 UM-F1 290
M3/ M3/ M2/ M2/ M3/ M3/ M3/ M1/ M1/ M2/ M3/ M1/ M2/ M3/ M3/ M1/ M3/ M3/ M3/ M3/
0,5 0 0 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0 0,5 0,5 0 0 0,5 0 0 0 0 0,5 0 0,5
0,40 0,39 0,39 0,41 0,46 0,42 0,34 0,38 0,37 0,44 0,50 0,53 0,42 0,43 0,37 0,43 0,48 0,40 0,55 0,47
0,40
0,008
1,9
0,43
0,055
12,6
0,48
Supp-data 4 - Relative height of the crowns of upper molars in hyracotheres, "Propachynolophus" and Pachynolophus. U = index of wear (see supp-data 2); IH = height of paracone relative to width of the tooth; in bold = observed ranges.
specimen FSL 1960 FSL 1960 FSL 1961 FSL 1961 FSL 1963 FSL 1997 FSL 2047 FSL 2048 FSL 2096 MNHN AL-6385 MNHN AL-6531 MNHN AL-6533 MNHN AL-6535 MNHN AL-6536 MNHN AL-6538 FSL 1962 FSL 1971 FSL 1974 FSL 1999 MNHN AL-6547 MNHN AL-6552 MNHN AL-6555 MNHN AL-6562 MNHN AL-6563 MNHN AL-6566 ICP 3114 ICP ELS-26 NHML M49399
taxon Propachynolophus gaudryi
maldani
remyi levei Pachynolophus
boixedatensis
bretovensis cayluxi cesserasicus duvali
eulaliensis garimondi livinierensis
ICP 2059 ICP 3072 ICP 3072 ICP 3121 ICP 3164 UM-BRT 130 MNHN MP-43 FSL 2977 MCZH 5464 MNHN PS-11484 MNHN PS-11486 MNHN PS-11487 UM-SEL 101 UM-F1 290 FSL 3068
tooth M1/ M3/ M3/ M1/ M2/ M2/ M2/ P4/ M3/ M3/ P4/ M3/ M1/ M1/ P4/ M1/ M3/ M2/ M2/ M2/ M3/ DP4/ M3/ M1/ M3/ M3/ M1/ M3/
angle 87 91 79 91 80 79 90 80 80 76 73 84 85 83 62 97 75 78 87 68 88 85 84 87 88 79 78 82
M3/ M2/ M3/ M3/ M3/ M3/ P4/ M3/ M3/ P4/ M3/ M2/ M3/ M3/ M3/
85 79 84 81 73 79 86 86 98 76 86 92 82 84 90
mean
s
V
81.3
7.584
9.3
83.6
8.267
9.9
80.5
4.821
6.0
88.0
9.381
10.7
78.5
Supp-data 5 - Some estimates of the convergence angle between the outer sides of labial and lingual cusps of upper molars with Propachynolophus and Pachynolophus. taxon Propachynolophus gaudryi
levei maldani
remyi
specimen tooth Pr-Hy/Pa-Me 104.4 FSL 1960 M2/ 107.0 FSL 1960 M3/ 108.0 FSL 1961 M3/ 107.3 FSL 1963 M2/ FSL 1964 M1/ 101.1 99.2 FSL 1997 M2/ 108.5 FSL 1999 M1/ FSL 2047 M2/ 100.0 103.7 FSL 5385 M2/ 107.7 FSL 5385 M3/ MNHN AL-6532 M3/ 93.8 98.1 MNHN AL-6534 M1/ 105.1 MNHN AL6535 M1/ MNHN AL6536 M1/ 99.0 109.6 NMB TS-742 M2/ 104.6 NMB TS-742 M3/ NMB TS-83 M2/ 118.7 111.4 NMB TS-83 M3/ 107.1 NHML M49399 M2/ NHML M49399 M3/ 105.7 110.6 MNHN AL-6547 M3/ 108.1 MNHN AL-6552 M3/ MNHN AL-6564 M2/ 90.8 106.9 ICP 3114 M2/ 102.5 ICP 3169 M2/ ICP 3169 M3/ 101.1 116.4 ICP 3372 M3/ 93.9 ICP 3374 M2/ ICP 3374 M3/ 103.8 overall average
mean
sd
V
taxon Pachynolophus duvali
eulaliensis
boixedatensis
cesserasicus livinierensis sp.1 (Aumelas) 104.8 5.801
5.5
106.4
103.1 10.79 10.5
bretovensis 104.1 7.423 104.6
7.1
garimondi lavocati
specimen tooth Pr-Hy/Pa-Me 110.4 MCZH 5464 M3/ 91.2 MNHN PS-11486 M3/ 110.5 MNHN PS-11487 M3/ 117.9 UM-SEL 10 M2/ UM-SEL 10 M3/ 88.0 102.2 UM-SEL 101 M2/ 81.8 UM-SEL 101 M3/ UM-SEL 87 M2/ 106.6 88.0 ICP 2059 M2/ 106.0 ICP 2059 M3/ ICP 3121 M3/ 115.1 103.1 ICP 3164 M3/ 105.0 FSL 2977 M2/ FSL 2977 M3/ 87.0 105.4 FSL 3068 M2/ 104.8 FSL 3068 M3/ AUM 176 M1/ 93.4 107.4 AUM 187 M1/ 94.5 AUM 189 M2/ AUM 191 M3/ 87.1 106.9 AUM 194 M1/ 91.9 AUM 210 M3/ AUM 224 M3/ 128.0 93.1 AUM 231 M3/ 75.8 AUM 304 M3/ AUM 324 M3/ 93.1 101.1 UM-BRT 130 M2/ 119.0 UM-BRT 130 M3/ UM-F1 290 M2/ 110.3 99.2 UM-F1 290 M3/ 110.9 MNHN Qu-7371 M2/ 130.8 MNHN Qu-7371 M3/ overall average
mean
sd
104.0
99.3 14.476 14.6
103.0 11.227 10.9 96.0 105.1
97.1 14.111 14.5 110.1 104.8 120.8 102.0
Supp-data 6 - Indices of spacing of the protocone-hypocone gap compared to the paracone-metacone gap in Propachynolophus and Pachynolophus. Hy-Pr/Pa-Me = protocone-hypocone gap / paracone-metacone gap × 100.
V
specimen
LDPC
Hallensia
matthesi
GMH XXII- no n°
11.4
59.0
19.3
Pliolophus Hyracotherium Xenicohippus
vulpiceps leporinum tapirinum
NHML M10657 NHML 16336 AMNH 55267
14.5 16.1 17.5
41.3 43.4 46.2
35.1 37.1 37.9
Propalaeotherium
hassiacum
GMH XIV-2175 GMH XIV-4174 HLMD Me-54 HLMD Me-71 GMH XIV-4007 GMH XIV-3238 GMH XIV-3081 GMH XIV-2645 GMH XIV-2338 GMH XIV-1311 MNHN EBA-508 private coll. no n° GMH XXXVI--36 GMH XXXVII-135 UM-AUM 168
30.4 25.2 32.6 26.9 25.4 29.8 27.0 33.4 29.9 26.9 30 24.0 28.5 18.2 19.0
64.4 70.1 69.1 66.8 73.2 66.9 62.9 69.3 72.6 70.7 71.8 63.4 68.1 56.4 61.9
47.2 35.9 47.2 40.3 34.7 44.5 42.9 48.2 41.2 38.0 41.8 37.9 41.9 32.3 30.7
HLMD Me-7582 HLMD Me-87 HLMD Me-4379
20.6 23.0 17.5
40.3 48.5 44.0
51.3 47.4 39.8
FSL 3068 FSL 2977 UM-SEL 101 UM-SEL 25 UM-SEL 03 UM-SEL 88 UM-AUM 231 NSM-PV 21125
19.5 29.9 15.9 18.3 17.6 16.0 16.1 21.4
41.3 55.1 40.3 34.9 39.2 40.0 51.3 58.7
47.2 39.5 52.4 44.9 40.0 31.4 36.5
FSL 5909 FSL 5910
26.0 27.2
38.8 41.6
67.0 65.4
UM 5652 FSL 6522 MHNT 2010.0.6
35.0 34.5 20.4
66.5 66.0 54.9
52.6 52.3 37.2
taxon
isselanum
voigti cf. voigti Aumelas Eurohippus
Pachynolophus
parvulus messelensis
livinierensis cesserasicus eulaliensis
ruscassierensis
Lophiotherium
Metanchilophus
cervulum
dumasi castrensis
LP2/-M3/ %DPC
mean
SD
V
42.0
4.816
11.5
40.5
2.291
5.7
46.1
5.844
12.7
44.2
6.013
13.6
54.3
38.2
56.3
56.8
Supp-data 7 - Relative length of upper DPC in Eocene Equoidea. Not any data seems available about Propachynolophus. In bold, observed ranges.
taxon Pliolophus
vulpiceps
"Propachynolophus" gaudryi Propalaeotherium hassiacum
voigti "isselanum"
Eurohippus
parvulus
LDPC
LP/2-M/3
%DPC
mean
NHML M10657 NHML 44115
17.0 15.1
47.6 45.5
35.7 33.2
34.5
UCMP 64904 HLMD Me 54b GMH XIV-0341 GMH XIV-0515 GMH XIV-0533 GMH XIV-0681 GMH XIV-1053 GMH XIV-1379 GMH XIV-1395 GMH XIV-1675 GMH XIV-2254 GMH XIV-2933 GMH XIV-4304 GMH XIV-4619 GMH XVIII-196 GMH L-1 GMH XIV-0180 GMH XXXVII-0066 GMH XXXVI-0281 GMH XXXVI-0092
23.0 35.5 23.0 37.0 28.0 31.0 26.0 37.0 32.9 31.0 37.0 28.0 40.0 30.0 32.0 31.5 29.0 31.0 31.5 35.5
73.0 75.3 67.0 80.0 68.0 81.0 69.7 74.0 80.2 74.0 70.5 80.0 86.0 75.0 76.0 72.0 63.5 69.0 76.0 84.0
31.5 47.2 34.3 46.3 41.2 38.3 37.3 50.0 41.1 41.9 52.5 35.0 46.5 40.0 42.1 43.8 45.7 44.9 41.4 42.3
42.9
GMH XXXV-438 GMH XXXVII-161a
27.5 30.0
60.5 59.5
45.5 50.4
47.9
specimen
Pachynolophus
eulaliensis P. cf. eulaliensis P. sp, Mas de Piquet livinierensis P. sp.1 Aumelas P. sp.2 Aumelas
UM-SEL 43 APSO.2007 SP4-02 UM unpublished NMB Liv-21 UM-AUM 161 UM-AUM 167
15.4 20.0 22.0 22.5 23.0 32.0
44.3 43.0 46.7 46.7 56.1 60.0
34.8 46.5 47.1 48.2 41.0 53.3
Metanchilophus
castrensis dumasi
NMB Cst-172 UM-F1 77
30.2 43.5
53.6 69.8
56.3 62.3
Lophiotherium
cervulum
FSL 5916
33.6
45.7
73.6
Supp-data 8 - Relative length of lower DPC in Eocene Equoidea. In bold, observed ranges.
42.5
SD
V
5.267
12.4
Pachynolophus
taxon duvali boixedatensis eulaliensis
livinierensis garimondi lavocati zambranensis
Propachynolophus
gaudryi
maldani
remyi sp.
specimen tooth angle mean SD MNHN MP-2 M/2 30 ICP 3086 M/3 43 UM-SEL 1 M/3 36 UM-SEL 2 M/3 30 UM-SEL 5 M/3 38 UM-SEL 8 M/2 33 UM-SEL 9 M/2 35 UM-SEL 28 M/3 34 UM-SEL 29 M/2 34 UM-SEL 43 M/2 41 UM-SEL 43 M/3 33 UM-SEL 44 M/3 40 35.4 3.406 NMB Liv-28 M/2 47 FSL 2943 M/2 46 46.5 UM-F1 183 M/3 26 MNHN Qu-7371 M/3 25 MCNA 10668 M/3 40 overall average 35.9 FSL 1966 M/2 31 FSL 1967 M/1 41 FSL 1968 M/3 38 FSL 1977 M/3 38 FSL 1979 M/1-2 32 FSL 2042 M/3 24 FSL 2044 M/3 30 FSL 2083 M/3 41 MNHN AL-5210 M/2 35 MNHN AL-5210 M/3 36 MNHN AL-5213 M/2 42 MNHN AL-5213 M/3 47 MNHN L-2Mt M/3 35 MNHN L-5Mt M/1 50 NMB TS 369 M/3 39 NMB TS 743 M/3 33 NMB TS-628 M/3 39 NMB TS-628 M/3 30 UCMP 64904 M/3 36 MNHN AL-5199 M/2 45 MNHN AL-5199 M/3 36 MNHN L-2Ma M/1 49 MNHN L-63Gr M/3 30 ICP 3116 M/3 34 NMB TS 744 M/1 26 NMB TS 82 M/2 35 overall average
V
origin of data Savage & al.,1965, fig. 17a
Danilo & al., 2013, fig.8e 9.6 Savage & al.,1965, fig. 19a Remy, 1967, fig. 19 Badiola & al., 2005, fig.2 (3b)
Savage & al.,1965, fig. 8a Savage & al.,1965, fig. 8a Teilhard, 1922, pl.8 fig.9a Teilhard, 1922, pl.8 fig.9a Savage & al.,1965, fig. 13e
Savage & al.,1965, fig. 11a 36.7 6.183 16.9
Savage & al.,1965, fig. 10a Savage & al.,1965, fig. 15a Savage & al.,1965, fig. 15a Savage & al.,1965, fig. 15f
38.8 7.918 20.4 30.5 36.6
Supp-data 9 - Angle (in degrees) between the paracristid of lower molars and the parasagittal plane. Data from originals or published figures.
taxon Propachynolophus gaudryi
maldani
remyi
Pachynolophus
duvali eulaliensis
livinierensis livinierensis sp.1 Aumelas
garimondi lavocati zambranensis zambranensis
specimen
tooth
cristid
metaconulid
NMB Ts-628 MNHN AL-5210 FSL 1966 FSL 1967 FSL 1968 FSL 1977 FSL 1977 MNHN L10-Ma NMB Ts-369 NMB Ts-743 NMB Ts-82 FSL 2042 FSL 2044 FSL 1970 UCMP 64904 UCMP 64904 MNHN L2-Mt MNHN AL-5199 FSL 2044 MNHN L-63Gr ICP 3092 ICP 3116 ICP 3375 ICP 3097
M/2, M/3 M/3 M/2 M/1 M/2 M/3 M/3 M/3 M/2 M/3 M/3 M/3 M/2 M/3 M/3 M/3 M/2 M/3 M/2 M/3 M/3 M/3 M/3 M/2 M/2 M/3 M/3 M/3
3 1 2 2 4 4 2 2 3 4 2 4 3 5 3 2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 3
5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 2 4 5 3 3 5 5 2 3
MNHN MP-2 UM-SEL 01 UM-SEL 27 UM-SEL 28 UM-SEL 29 UM-SEL 33 UM-SEL 43 UM-SEL 44 NMB Liv-28 FSL 2943 UM-AUM 161 UM-AUM 169 UM-AUM 177 UM-AUM 185 UM-F1 183 MNHN Qu-7371 MCNA 9957 MCNA 8982
M/2 M/3 M/2 M/3 M/2 M/3 M/1 M/2 M/3 M/2 M/3 M/1-M/3 M/3 M/2 M/3
3 5 5 3 3 4 3 5 2 1 3 1 2 2 5 3 4 3
2 2 4 4 4 5 4 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2
DP/4 M/1-2 M/2 M/3 M/3 M/2 M/2
2 4 4
Supp-data 10 - Compared orientation of the lower molar crista obliqua of Propachynolophus and Pachynolophus and degree of development of the metaconulid. cristid = orientation of the cristid obliqua from 1 (pointing toward metaconulid), 3 (toward metaconid) to 5 (midway of hypolophid). metaconulid = relative size of the metaconulid from 1 (missing), 3 (developed enough) to 5 (very developed and lingual relative to metaconid).
taxon "Propachynolophus"
gaudryi levei
Propalaeotherium
voigti
isselanum helveticum hassiacum
sudrei Eurohippus
Pachynolophus
parvulum
duvali eulaliensis
molipontensis livinierensis cesserasicus P. sp. Aumelas
bretovensis garimondi lavocati
specimen
L3P/
L3M/
PMI mean
from means FSL 2096 NHML M49399
24,0 22,4 19,3
37,6 36,7 26,9
64,0 61,0 71,7
SD
V
GMH VI-10288a GMH XIV-3347 GMH XXXVII-135 GMH XXXVII-161 MNHN EBA-508 MNHN EBA-509 NMB Ed-1a GMH XIV-1311 GMH XIV-2175 GMH XIV-2338 GMH XIV-3081 GMH XIV-3238 GMH XIV-4174 HLMD Me-54a HLMD Me-71 UM-AUM 181
25,7 26,1 22,9 22,7 28,4 31,7 29,8 28,6 26,5 29,4 26,8 27,5 28,6 30,6 27,1 22,0
36,4 38,0 32,8 33,8 42,0 48,1 47,7 42,0 38,8 44,0 36,5 39,2 41,5 40,9 39,7 31,5
70,6 68,7 69,8 67,2 67,6 65,9 62,5 68,1 68,3 66,8 73,4 70,2 68,9 74,8 68,3 69,8
69,1
1,496
2,2
69,8
2,819
4,0
GMH Leo7-8004 GMH XV-1035 HLMD Me-62a HLMD Me-87 HLMD Me-7582
21,5 21,8 20,7 20,7 16,6
30,2 28,4 26,6 27,9 24,6
71,2 76,8 77,8 74,2 67,5
73,5
4,223
5,7
UCMP 5464 UM-SEL 10 UM-SEL 88 UM-SEL 101 ICP 9100 FSL 3068 FSL 2977 UM-AUM 231 NSM PV-21125 from means UM-BRT 130 UM-F1 290 MNHN Qu-7371
17,9 19,2 18,4 19,7 18,6 16,7 22,0 20,5 22,8 (1) 22,7 19,5 (2) 19,5 (2) 18,7
25,8 25,3 25,3 25,8 30,7 25,7 33,1 31,2 36,1 32,3 28,3 31,4 31,6
69,4 75,6 73,0 76,6 60,6 65,0 66,5 65,7 63,2 70,3 68,9 62,1 59,2
75,0
1,874
2,5
66,4
3,608
5,4
Supp-data 11 - PMI indices of upper cheek teeth in "Pachynolophinae". L3P = LP2-P4; L3M = LM1-M3. PMI = L3P/ L3M × 100; (1) estimate (P/ distorted); (2) estimate (P2/ missing).
taxa Hyracotherium Pliolophus
"Propachynolophus"
leporinum vulpiceps barnesi
gaudryi
levei remyi Pachynolophus
duvali eulaliensis
boixedatensis molipontiensis livinierensis cesserasicus P. sp.1 (Aumelas) P .sp.2 (Aumelas) bretovensis garimondi lavocati Propalaeotherium
hassiacum
isselanum "isselanum" voigti (Geiseltal MK) cf. voigti (Geiseltal uUK) sudrei P. sp. (Aumelas)
Eurohippus
parvulus messelensis parvulus parvulus parvulus (Robiac)
specimens NHML 16336 NHML M10657 NHML 13761 NHML 60082
P2/ 18,3 19,4
P3/ 40,3 31,9 31,2
measures P4/ M1/ 51,6 64,3 44,8 56,7 41,6 54,7 36,2 49,6
M2/ 74,8 66,1 65,3 57,9
54,4
M3/ 65,5 56,7
NHMB TS-83 FSL 2096 FSL 6385 NHML M49399 ICP 3374
36,5 32,0 34,2
69,1 64,9 66,9 39,0
85,6 79,4 82,0 48,7 35,9
129,0 121,4 124,0 62,5 59,9
169,6 160,8 162,8 87,7 70,0
173,6 155,9 168,4 76,7 69,2
MCZH 5464 UM-SEL 25 g UM-SEL 10 UM-SEL 88 ICP 2059 ICP 9100 FSL 3068 FSL 2977 UM-AUM 231 from means UM-AUM 199 UM-BRT 130 UM-F1 290 MNHN Qu-7371
23,0
40,5 26,9 37,0 25,0
55,5 33,2 47,0 39,0 56,9 56,9 41,0 69,0 65,0 68,7 83,0 54,8 52,1 53,0
78,6 41,3 63,5 55,0 79,4 88,8 58,1 98,4 96,7 92,4 126,4 89,9 78,4 85,0
87,3 58,9 79,0 66,0 100,0 115,7 76,1 131,1 115,7 115,7 167,4 100,6 96,9 107,1
90,3 52,0 73,0 64,5 107,6 119,5 85,1 140,2 123,4 111,1 177,0 88,1 103,2 108,7
220,9 180,5 215,1 215,0 221,8 251,6 204,1 214,3 150,7 125,8 165,3 119,1 122,9 133,8 172,76 164,1 160,5 157,8
207,6 175,2 209,2 232,6 211,9 253,7 231,3 218,4 154,1 132,9 155,1 124,9 126,2 147,6 163,46 165,6 180,2 167,0
79,8 101,4 112,8 95,7 94,4 87,3
73,2 93,0 115,3 96,3 96,7 86,9
18,5 19,0 15,6 18,0 25,4 29,5 29,5
37,9 31,1 48,2 54,3 58,6 66,4
23,1
31,9 36,5
GMH XIV-1311 GMH XIV-2175 GMH XIV-2338 GMH XIV-4007 GMH XIV-4174 MNHN EBA-509 MNHN EBA-508 GMH XXXVI-528 GMH VI-10288 GMHXXXVII-161 GMH XIV-3347 UM-AUM 181 from means UM-AUM 168 UM-AUM 209 AUM Lo-83 AUM Lo-84 from means
48,9 58,5 61,7 46,5 53,5 83,2
106,9 89,4 101,6 80,1 104,0 127,9
58,0 40,4 32,0 47,5 32,1 32,1 43,5
98,7 57,7 60,9 77,5 49,4 51,9 71,9
117,4 107,5 116,3 120,9 132,4 149,8 134,7 121,5 87,3 72,2 103,7 64,5 70,5 90,6
40,0 41,8 41,8
72,8 62,0 68,9
93,1 90,0 91,2
161,6 154,4 176,3 174,8 169,2 201,5 176,2 164,8 122,2 105,5 142,2 94,0 101,8 129,2 125,25 141,7 131,2 131,8
Me-7582 GMH XV-1035 GMH Leo7-8004 from means UM-RbN 5681 UM-RbN 5969a
17,2 36,8 29,8 29,8
35,9 53,7 54,7 54,7 41,5 45,9
44,1 64,6 70,9 69,6 59,8 63,1
58,6 89,9 96,8 86,5 78,3 71,8
26,6
(to be continued)
(end) taxa Hyracotherium Pliolophus
"Propachynolophus"
leporinum vulpiceps barnesi
gaudryi
levei remyi Pachynolophus
duvali eulaliensis
boixedatensis molipontiensis livinierensis cesserasicus P. sp.1 (Aumelas) P .sp.2 (Aumelas) bretovensis garimondi lavocati Propalaeotherium
hassiacum
isselanum "isselanum" voigti (Geiseltal MK) cf. voigti (Geiseltal uUK) sudrei P. sp. (Aumelas)
Eurohippus
parvulus messelensis parvulus parvulus parvulus (Robiac)
specimens NHML 16336 NHML M10657 NHML 13761 NHML 60082
aggregate measures SP2-M3 SP2-P4 SM1-M3 314,8 110,2 204,6 275,6 96,2 179,4
SM3/SM1 101,9 100,0
161,9
SM3/SM2 87,5 85,8
ratios SP4/S3M 25,2 25,0
94,0
22,4
SP3-4/S3M 44,9 42,8
SP/SM 53,9 53,6
NHMB TS-83 FSL 2096 FSL 6385 NHML M49399 ICP 3374
663,4 614,3 638,3
191,2 176,2 183,1
472,2 438,1 455,2 226,9 199,1
134,5 128,4 135,8 122,6 115,7
102,3 97,0 103,5 87,4 98,9
18,1 18,1 18,0 21,5 18,0
32,8 32,9 32,7 38,7
40,5 40,2 40,2
MCZH 5464 UM-SEL 25 g UM-SEL 10 UM-SEL 88 ICP 2059 ICP 9100 FSL 3068 FSL 2977 UM-AUM 231 from means UM-AUM 199 UM-BRT 130 UM-F1 290 MNHN Qu-7371
375,2
119,1 102,5 83,0 110,5 90,1 142,7 148,8 156,8
413,4
112,6
103,4 88,3 92,4 97,7 107,7 103,3 111,8 107,0 106,6 96,0 105,7 87,6 106,5 101,5
21,7 21,8 21,8 21,0 19,8 17,6 18,7 18,7 19,4 21,5 17,6 19,7 18,7 17,6
37,5 39,5 39,0 34,5
434,4 309,5 512,5 484,6 476,0
114,9 126,0 115,0 117,3 135,5 134,6 146,5 142,5 127,6 120,3 140,0 97,9 131,7 127,9
46,5
318,0 268,5
256,1 152,1 215,5 185,5 287,0 324,0 219,3 369,8 335,8 319,2 470,8 278,6 278,5 300,8
GMH XIV-1311 GMH XIV-2175 GMH XIV-2338 GMH XIV-4007 GMH XIV-4174 MNHN EBA-509 MNHN EBA-508 GMH XXXVI-528 GMH VI-10288 GMHXXXVII-161 GMH XIV-3347 UM-AUM 181 from means UM-AUM 168 UM-AUM 209 AUM Lo-83 AUM Lo-84 from means
863,3 765,6 880,2 870,0 892,7 1067,6
273,2 255,4 279,6 247,5 289,9 360,9
875,6 612,4 529,3 691,4 484,0 505,4 616,5
278,1 185,4 165,1 228,8 145,9 154,5 206,0 205,9 193,8 201,9
128,5 113,5 118,7 133,1 125,2 125,9 131,3 132,6 126,1 126,0 109,1 132,9 123,9 114,2 130,5 116,9 137,3 126,7
94,0 97,1 97,3 108,2 95,5 100,8 113,3 101,9 102,2 105,6 93,9 104,9 102,6 110,3 94,6 100,9 112,3 105,8
19,9 21,1 19,4 19,4 22,0 21,2 22,0 20,3 20,5 19,8 22,4 19,1 20,1 22,1
677,2 665,8 658,5
590,1 510,1 600,6 622,4 602,8 706,7 611,6 597,5 427,1 364,2 462,6 338,1 350,9 410,5 461,5 471,3 472,0 456,6
Me-7582 GMH XV-1035 GMH Leo7-8004 from means UM-RbN 5681 UM-RbN 5969a
308,9 439,4 480,2 432,5
97,2 155,1 155,4 154,1
381,6
135,6
211,6 284,3 324,9 278,4 269,4 246,0
124,8 103,4 119,1 111,3 123,5 121,0
91,7 91,7 102,2 100,6 102,4 99,5
29,3 32,9 31,7 35,5 39,9 31,7
47,6 44,7 34,1 41,1 38,6 44,3 49,1
30,2 29,7
37,4
38,0 38,6 36,3 32,3 39,2 39,3
46,3 50,1 46,6 39,8 48,1 51,1
36,8 34,0 36,5 39,2 33,7 34,9 39,6
46,5 43,4 45,3 49,4 43,2 44,0 50,2
19,8 19,1 20,0
35,2 32,2 35,1
43,7 41,1 44,2
20,8 22,7 21,8 25,0 22,2 25,6
37,8 41,6 38,7 44,6 37,6 44,3
46,0 54,5 47,8 55,3 55,1
Supp-data 12 - Surfaces of upper cheek teeth of some "Pachynolophinae". SP/SM = SP2-P4/SM1-M3 - Only specimens with enough cheek teeth were considered. Pachynolophus zambranensis of which M3/ is not known, has been omitted.
