Review of laws and regulations concerning renewable energy policy

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! GENERGIS!(!Green!Energy!for!Islands! !!!!!!2012%IEF%332028!

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Deliverable!I! ! Review!of!Laws!and!Regulations!Concerning!Renewable! Energy!Policy!

! ! Dr.%Ing.!Fontina!Petrakopoulou! Scientist!in!charge:!Prof.!Maria!Loizidou!

! Unit!of!Environmental!Science!and!Technology!! National!Technical!University!of!Athens! ! ! June!2015! ! !

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IEF!Project!GENERGIS!332028!!!!!!!!!!!Review!of!Laws!and!Regulations!Concerning!Renewable!Energy!Policy!

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Dr.%Ing.!Fontina!Petrakopoulou,!E%mail:[email protected]!

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The! law! defining! the! preliminary! regulations! on! electricity! generation! from! renewable! energy! sources! in! Greece! was! first! published! in! 2006.! From! that! year! on,! and! following! European! laws! and! directions,! this! law! has! been! amended! several! times! by! ministerial! decisions! and! subsequent! laws,! which! makes! it! challenging! to! follow! the! changes! accurately.! The! progression! shows! a! constant! decrease! in! guaranteed! feed(in(tariffs! of! electricity! absorption! by! the! Network/System! and! reveals! the! overall! trend! of! the! EU! to! eliminate! premiums! and! incorporate! the! electricity! generation! from! renewable! energy! sources! in! the! free! market.! Due! to! the! great! number! of! PV! installations! that! surpassed! limits! set! by! the! Greek! government,! PV! producers! are! the! first! to! be! impacted! by! the! restrictions.! The! saturation! of! electrical! networks! led! to! the! suspension! of! PV! interconnection!and!selling!contracts!(with!exceptions,!e.g.,!PV!on!roofs)!until!the!end!of! 2014.!! Below! you! can! read! selected! information! about! electricity! generation! from! renewable! energy!sources!in!Greece!published!in!various!laws!voted!from!2006!until!2014.!For!more! details,!please!refer!to!the!law/ministerial!decision!specified!in!the!text.! ! Sustainable!development!in!the!energy!sector! The! frame! of! reference! for! sustainable! development! in! the! energy! sector! was!established! with! the! General! Framework! for! Planning! and! Sustainable! Development,! approved! by! the! National! Council! of! Spatial! Planning! and! Sustainable! Development! and,! ultimately,! by! the! Greek! parliament!in!2008!(Greek!Government!Gazette!128!A/3.07.08).!The!backbone!of!this!framework! was! law! 2742/1999,! the! objective! of! which! was! to! establish! fundamental! principles! and! institutionalize!procedures!and!instruments!of!spatial!planning!in!order!to!promote!sustainable! and!balanced!development,!guarantee!production!and!social!cohesion,!ensure!the!protection!of! the!environment!throughout!the!national!territory!and!the!individual!modules,!and!enhance!the! country's!position!in!the!international!and!European!framework.!! The! General! Framework! for! Planning! and! Sustainable! Development! recognized! all! of! the! associated!problems!linked!to!the!planning!and!sustainable!development!of!the!country!(social,! financial,!environmental,!conflicts!of!interest,!etc.).!Additionally,!it!proposed!specific!measures!to! enforce! and! overcome! weaknesses! of! implementation! mechanisms! for! strengthening! the! sustainable! organization! and! planning! of! the! country! for! the! next! 15! years.! Additionally,! the! framework!included!measures!concerning,!at!that!moment,!isolated!islands!in!the!planned!multi% centered!development!and!structural!organization!of!the!country!(pars.!A!and!D!of!art.!5!of!128! A/3.07.08).!Specifically,!the!goal!set!was!to!connect!all!of!the!inhabited!islands!of!the!country!to! the!transmission!power!grid!of!the!continental!part!of!the!country,!namely!the!grid!of!the!Greek! Public! Power! Corporation! (PPC).! The! islands! would! also! keep! their! autonomous! production! units!of!energy!in!reserve!(par.!B2.d!of!art.!6!of!128!A/3.07.08).! In! more! detail,! the! planned! objectives! as! set! out! in! the! General! Framework! for! Planning! and! Sustainable!Development!for!the!energy!sector!(par.!B!of!art.!6!of!128!A/3.07.08)!were:! 1. to!ensure!full!coverage!of!the!energy!needs!of!the!national!territory,! 2. to! strengthen! energy! security! through! the! full! development! of! renewable! energy,! the! promotion!of!alternative!fuels,!and!the!utilization!of!domestic!resources,!and! 3. to!effectively!monitor!the!environmental!performance!of!the!energy!sector,!as!well!as!to! reduce! the! impact! of! the! sector! on! climate! change! in! the! framework! of! the! relevant! commitments!of!the!country.! Planned!measures!related!to!the!infrastructure!of!energy!production!include!the!increase!of!the! penetration! rate! of! renewable! energy! resources! in! the! country’s! energy! balance,! the!

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modernization! of! existing! lignin! power! plants! and! the! gradual! reduction! of! lignin! use,! the! strengthening! of! the! country's! international! role! as! a! center! of! electricity,! oil! and! natural! gas! transport,!and!the!development!of!underground!distribution!networks!of!electricity!(preventing! passage! through! sensitive! areas! and,! if! possible,! from! areas! included! in! the! network! Natura! 2000).!! Par.!4!of!art.!10!of!the!General!Framework!for!Planning!and!Sustainable!Development!described! the! guidelines! for! the! sustainable! management! of! natural! resources.! Specifically,! measures! concerning!water!are!described!in!par.!4A,!soil!in!par.!4B,!and!air/atmosphere!in!par.!4C!of!art.! 10!of!the!framework.!! The!water!plan!aims!to,!among!other!things,!to!provide!integrated!management!and!protection! of!water!resources!by!water!district,!to!protect!underground!water!stocks!from!overexploitation! and!quality!degradation,!to!construct!within!the!next!five!years!biological!treatment!plants!and! sewage!networks!in!all!settlements!of!the!country!with!more!than!2000!residents,!and!to!take!all! of! the! necessary! measures! to! ensure! the! existence! of! necessary! water! supplies! for! domestic,! agricultural! and! industrial! use,! particularly! in! arid! regions! such! as! the! insular! region! of! the! Aegean.!! The! soil! plan! involves,! among! other! things,! the! elimination! and! consolidation! of! uncontrolled! waste!disposal!sites!and!the!positioning!of!facilities!for!recycling!waste!at!the!source,!as!well!as! the! increase! of! the! recycling! rate! /! waste! utilization! of! household! waste! from! 24%! to! 60%! of! their!quantity!in!2023.! The! atmosphere! plan! includes! measures! that! contribute! to! the! reduction! of! emissions! from! vehicles!especially!via!the!promotion!of!public!transport.!! The! progress! of! the! implementation! of! the! General! Framework! for! Planning! and! Sustainable! Development! is! presented! and! discussed! in! workshops! organized! every! two! years! by! the! Ministry!of!Environment,!Energy!and!Climate!Change.!The!monitoring!of!the!progress!towards! the!targets!of!sustainable!development!is!performed!with!complex,!qualitative!and!quantitative! indicators!selected!by!the!Coordination!Committee!of!Governmental!Policy!in!the!field!of!spatial! planning! and! sustainable! development.! The! data! is! collected! by! the! National! Information! Network! for! Spatial! Planning,! the! results! are! communicated! to! the! Coordination! Committee! of! Government! Policy! in! the! field! of! Spatial! Planning! and! Sustainable! Development,! to! the! parliament!and!they!are!made!public.! ! Electricity!Generation!from!Renewable!Energy!Sources!(RES)! The! basic! directions! on! electricity! generated! from! power! stations! using! RES! were! established! with!law!3468/2006.! This! law! is! a! result! of! Directive! 2001/77/EC! of! the! European! Parliament! and! Council,! on! the! promotion!of!electricity!produced!by!RES!in!the!internal!electricity!market!by!setting!rules!that! grand! priority! to! the! generation! from! RES! and! high%efficiency! co%generation! plants! (combined! heat! and! power,! CHP)! in! the! internal! electricity! market.! Additionally,! this! law! (as! amended! by! law!3851/2010)! sets!the!following!national!targets!for!the!year!2020!as!designated!in!Directive! 2009/28/EC:! Energy! generated! using! RES! should! cover! (a)! 20%! of! the! gross! final! energy! consumption,! (b)! 40%! of! the! gross! electricity! consumption,! (c)! 20%! of! the! final! energy! consumption!used!for!heating!and!cooling,!and!(d)!10%!of!the!final!consumption!of!electricity!in! transport.!! ! !

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Licensing!procedure!of!power!plants! Law!3468/2006!specifies!the!legal!framework!of!the!authorization!of!RES!power!generation.!The! permits! that! a! power! station! requires! are! the! Electricity! Production! Authorization! (issued! with!a!decision!of!the!Regulatory!Authority!for!Energy,!RAE,!on!the!basis!of!specific!criteria!of! health,! safety,! efficiency,! agreement! with! the! Special! Framework! for! Spatial! Planning! and! Sustainable!Development!for!RES,!environmental!protection,!and!others,!as!amended!by!art.!2!of! law!3851/2010)!and!the!Installation!and!Operating!Permits.!! It! should! be! noted! that! on! non%interconnected! islands 1,! in! areas! with! saturated! electrical! networks,!and!areas!with!other!existing!restrictions,!applications!for!Production!Authorizations! from! RES! from! installations! of! auto%producers! are! given! priority! over! other! electricity! generation!applications!from!RES!(par.!7!of!art.!3!of!law!3468/2006).!Production!Authorizations! of! hybrid! power! plants2!on! non%interconnected! islands! must! be! accompanied! by! a! detailed! analysis!that!describes!the!manner!of!incorporation!and!operation!of!the!perspective!station!in! the!electrical!network!of!the!island!on!an!annual!basis!(including!the!obligation!for!guaranteed! power!supply!and!the!operating!terms!and!conditions!of!the!station)!(art.!6!of!law!3468/2006).! Furthermore,! in! the! case! of! islands,! applications! for! Production! Authorizations! or! exemptions! from! authorizations! of! RES! plants! combined! with! water! desalination!plants! are! given! absolute! priority,!on!the!condition!that!the!installed!capacity!of!RES!does!not!exceed!the!capacity!of!the! desalination!unit!by!more!than!25%.!The!surplus!electricity!follows!the!rules!applicable!to!self% producers,! i.e.,! the! commitment! to! supply! to! the! Network! not! more! than! 20%! of! the! annually! produced! electricity! (par.!12!of!art.!3!of!law!3468/2006,!art.!2!of!law!3851/2010).! In! such! cases! the! RES! plant! is! judged! based! on! a! technoeconomic! analysis! prepared! by! the! applicant,! while! contracts!between!the!applicant!and!the!General!Secretariat!for!the!Aegean!and!Island!policy!or! relevant!local!authorities!on!the!distribution!of!the!produced!water!quantities!must!be!signed.! Exempted!from!the!requirement!of!an!Electricity!Production!Authorization!and!Installation!and! Operating! Permits! are! physical! or! legal! persons! that! generate! electrical! energy! in! RES! installations!and!high!efficiency!CHPs3!(under!strict!restrictions!on!capacity!and!type!of!usage)! and!conventional!power!stations!smaller!than!20!kW!(law!2773/1999;!art.!4!of!law!3468/2006;! par.! 12! of! art.! 2! of! law! 3851/2010).! The! exemption! from! the! permits! must! be! certified! by! the! operator! in! charge! and! communicated! to! the! RAE! and! the! appropriate! unit! for! RES! of! the! Ministry!of!Environment,!Energy!and!Climate!Change!(art.!4!of!law!3468/2006;!par.!12!of!art.!2!of! law!3851/2010).!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1!Art.! 130! of! law! 4001/2011! states! that! the! management! of! electricity! production! on! non%interconnected! islands! is!

regulated! according! to! the! Operation! Code! of! Electrical! Systems! Management! of! non%interconnected! islands! developed!by!the!Manager!of!the!Greek!Distribution!Network!(DEDDIE)!after!amendments!by!RAE.!The!1st!Edition!of! the! Operation! Code! of! electrical! systems! of! non%interconnected! islands! (Operation! code! of! non%interconnected! islands)!was!published!in!2014.!This!code!contains!all!regulations!concerning!energy!activities!on!non%interconnected! islands.! The! competences,! responsibilities! and! rights! of! administrators,! supervisors,! producers! and! consumers! on! energy! issues! are! clearly! defined,! as! are! all! necessary! actions! and! conditions! for! the! proper! implementation! and! enforcement!of!agreements!in!the!energy!sector.! 2!A! hybrid! power! plant! is! a! station! that! produces! electrical! energy! using! at! least! one! renewable! energy! source.! The! annual!total!energy!absorbed!by!the!Network!(input!from!the!network!minus!the!output!to!the!network!from!the!RES! unit)! should! not! be! higher! than! 30%! of! the! total! energy! needed! to! fill! the! storage! units! of! the! hybrid! station.! Additionally,!the!production!capacity!of!the!RES!unit!should!not!be!more!than!20%!larger!that!of!the!storage!units!of! the!station.! 3!High!efficiency!CHP!are!CHPs!that!provide!primary!energy!savings!of!at!least!10%!when!compared!with!the!separate! production!of!heat!and!electricity.!The!electrical,!thermal!and!total!efficiency!of!a!CHP!are!defined!in!law!3734/2009.! The!record!of!the!Production!Authorizations!for!CHP!plants!is!kept!at!RAE.!

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Although! exempted! from! the! Electricity! Production! Authorization! and! the! Installation! and! Operating! Permits,! power! stations! with! capacities! higher! than! the! specified! limits! require! an! Approval!of!Environmental!Terms!(Environmental!Permits)!according!to!the!laws!put!in!force! by!the!corresponding!manager!(par.!13!of!art.!8!of!law!3468/2006,!art.!3!of!law!3851/2010).!The! Production! Authorization! is! the! prerequisite! for! the! request! of! an! Approval! of! Environmental! Terms.!In!the!case!that!an!Approval!of!Environmental!Terms!of!a!RES!station!or!a!high!efficiency! CHP!is!not!required,!the!competent!environmental!authority!of!the!region!must!issue!an!official! exemption! of! the! power! station! of! this! requirement.! The! approval! of! environmental! terms! requires!a!Study!of!Environmental!Consequences!and!must!incorporate!specific!approval!when! power! stations! and! transmission! and! distribution! grids! of! fuel! and! electricity! are! to! be! constructed! in! scrublands! or! forests! (par.! 2! of! art.! 58! of! law! 998/1979;! par.! 3! of! art.! 8! of! law! 3468/2006).!! PV! installations,! wind! turbines! in! buildings,! other! structures,! and! within! organized! industrial! activities!are!exempted!from!the!obligation!of!an!Approval!of!Environmental!Terms.!Small%scale! RES!installations!are!also!exempted!from!this!approval!in!plots!of!land!unless!specific!conditions! are!not!satisfied,!e.g.,!if!they!are!part!of!the!Network!Natura!2000!(art.!8!of!law!3468/2006;!art.!3! of!law!3851/2010).!! The!capacity!restrictions!of!RES!power!stations!are!shown!in!the!following!table.! ! Table!1:!Capacity!limits!of!authorization!exemptions! !

Production! permit!

PV! Solarthermal! Wind! Biomass/Biog as/Biofuels! Geothermal! CHP!

Installation! Operating! permit! permit! >20!kW!and!20!kW!and!20!kW!and!20!kW!and! >20!kW!and!20!kW!and! ! After! the! above! mentioned! licenses! have! been! arranged,! the! Interconnections! Agreement! and! the! Electricity! Purchase! Agreement! (sale! contract)! must! be! concluded! with! the! network! administrator!or!system.!! ! ! Priorities!of!electricity!absorption!by!the!System!/!Network!! The!incorporation!of!stations!operating!with!RES!in!the!System!or!the!Interconnected!Network! in! high! efficiency! CHP! installations,! RES! installations! of! hybrid! stations,! as! well! as! electricity! surplus! of! renewable! electricity! from! self%producers! (under! specified! conditions,! art.! 9! of! law! 3468/2006)!is!given!priority!over!other!electricity!generation!stations.!! On! non%interconnected! islands,! electricity! generated! in! plants! using! RES! or! hybrid! plants! with! RES!are!given!priority!over!electricity!generated!in!high%efficiency!cogeneration!power!stations! (art.!10!of!law!3468/2006).! The!terms,!conditions,!and!all!of!the!necessary!details!regarding!the!absorption!of!electricity!of! production!facilities!are!described!in!the!Operation!Code!of!the!Network/System!or,!in!the!case! that!the!area!is!not!connected!to!the!mainland’s!interconnected!System,!in!the!Operation!Code!of! Islands!not!connected!to!the!mainland’s!interconnected!System.! !

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Pricing!of!electricity!! The!following!table!summarizes!the!pricing!of!electricity!fed!into!the!System!/!Network!(Feed% in%tariffs,!FIT)!of!producers!or!self%producers!from!RES!and!high%efficiency!cogeneration!power! stations.! The! maximum! installed! power! of! the! stations! must! not! exceed! 35! MW! and! the! maximum! surplus! absorbed! by! the! System! or! Network! should! not! exceed! 20%! of! the! total! annual!electricity!generated!(art.!13!of!law!3468/2006;!art.!5!of!law!3851/2010).!! ! Table! 2:! Feed%in%tariffs! of! electricity! fed! into! the! System! /! Network! from! RES! as! modified! by! 4254/2014!(Prices!marked!in!grey!are!valid!for!stations!connected!in!the!2nd!semester!of!2013! and! their! compensation! was! arranged! according! to! subpar.! I.2! of! par.! I! of! art.! 1! of! law! 4093/2012)! ! Generation!of!electricity!from:! (1)!wind!energy!exploited!through!land!facilities!with! capacity!up!to!5!MW! (2)!wind!energy!exploited!through!land!facilities!with! capacity!greater!than!5!MW! (3)!wind!energy!exploited!through!land!facilities!on!non% interconnected!islands! (4)!hydraulic!energy!exploited!through!small!hydroelectric! stations!with!installed!capacity!smaller!than!or!equal!to!1! MWe! (5)!hydraulic!energy!exploited!through!small!hydroelectric! stations!with!installed!capacity!from!to!1!MWe!to!5!MWe! (6)!hydraulic!energy!exploited!through!small!hydroelectric! stations!with!installed!capacity!from!to!5!MWe!to!15!MWe! (7)c!Solar!energy!exploited!by!solarthermal!power!stations! without!a!storage!system!! (8)d!Solar!energy!exploited!by!solarthermal!power!stations! of!electricity!generation!with!a!storage!system!that!secures! at!least!2!hours!of!operation!at!the!nominal!load! (9)e!Geothermal!energy!of!low!temperature!according!to! par.!1!στ’!of!article!2!of!law!3175/2003!(207!A)! (10)!Geothermal!energy!of!high!temperature!according!to! par.!1!στ’!of!article!2!of!law!3175/2003!(207!A)! (11)f!Biomass!(or!bioliquids)!exploited!through!thermal! processes!(combustion,!gasification,!pyrolysis)!in!stations! with!installed!capacity!≤!1!MW!(excluding!the! biodegradable!part!of!municipal!wastes)!! (12)g!Biomass!(or!bioliquids)!exploited!through!thermal! processes!(combustion,!gasification,!pyrolysis)!in!stations! with!installed!capacity!>1!MW!and!≤!5MW!(excluding!the! biodegradable!part!of!municipal!wastes)! (13)h!Biomass!(or!bioliquids)!exploited!through!thermal! processes!(combustion,!gasification,!pyrolysis)!in!stations! with!installed!capacity!>5MW!(excluding!the!biodegradable! part!of!municipal!wastes)! (14)!Gases!released!from!landfills!and!sewage!treatment! plants!and!biogas!from!the!anaerobic!digestion!of! biodegradable!waste!and!organic!matter!/!sludge!of! biological!treatment!and!used!from!stations!with!an! installed!capacity!of!≤!2MW! (15)!Gases!released!from!landfills!and!sewage!treatment! plants!and!biogas!from!the!anaerobic!digestion!of!

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Price!of!energy!(Euro/MWh)! WOSa! WSb! 105! 85! 105!

82!

110!

90!

105!

85!

105!

83!

100!

80!

260!

200!

280!

220!

143!

130!

110!

100!

198!

180!

170!

155!

148!

135!

131!

114!

108!

94!


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biodegradable!waste!and!organic!matter!/!sludge!of! biological!treatment!and!used!from!stations!with!an! installed!capacity!of!>!2MW! (16)f!Βiogas!from!the!anaerobic!digestion!of!biomass! (energy!cultivations,!silage!of!green!fodder!farm! cultivations,!animal!farming!and!agricultural!organic! residues!and!waste,!waste!from!edible!oils!and!fats,!expired! food)!and!used!in!stations!with!an!installed!capacity!of!≤! 3MW! (17)i!Βiogas!from!the!anaerobic!digestion!of!biomass! (energy!cultivations,!silage!of!green!fodder!farm! cultivations,!animal!farming!and!agricultural!organic! residues!and!waste,!waste!from!edible!oils!and!fats,!expired! food)!and!used!in!stations!with!an!installed!capacity!of! >3MW! (18)!Other!RES!except!from!PV!stations!(including!stations! which!exploit!the!biodegradable!part!of!municipal!wastes! which!fulfill!the!specializations!of!European!legislation!as! applies! (19)!High!efficiency!CHP!that!use!natural!gas!with!capacity! of!smaller!than!or!equal!to!1!MW!of!categories!(a)!or!(c)!of! art.!3!of!Ministerial!Decision!(Greek!Government!Gazette! 1420!B/!14.07.2009)!! (20)!High!efficiency!CHP!that!use!natural!gas!with!capacity! of!smaller!than!or!equal!to!1!MW!of!remaining!categories!of! art.!3!of!Ministerial!Decision!(Greek!Government!Gazette! 1420!B/!14.07.2009)! (21)!High!efficiency!CHP!that!use!natural!gas!with!capacity! >!1!MW!and!≤!5!MW!of!categories!(a)!or!(c)!of!art.!3!of! Ministerial!Decision!(Greek!Government!Gazette!1420!B/! 14.07.2009)! (22)!High!efficiency!CHP!that!use!natural!gas!with!capacity! >!5!MW!and!≤!10!MW!of!remaining!categories!of!art.!3!of! Ministerial!Decision!(Greek!Government!Gazette!1420!B/! 14.07.2009)! (23)!High!efficiency!CHP!that!use!natural!gas!with!capacity! >!5!MW!and!≤!10!MW!of!categories!(a)!or!(c)!of!art.!3!of! Ministerial!Decision!(Greek!Government!Gazette!1420!B/! 14.07.2009)! (24)!High!efficiency!CHP!that!use!natural!gas!with!capacity! >!1!MW!and!≤!5!MW!of!remaining!categories!of!art.!3!of! Ministerial!Decision!(Greek!Government!Gazette!1420!B/! 14.07.2009)! (25)!High!efficiency!CHP!that!use!natural!gas!with!capacity! >!10!MW!and!≤!35!MW!of!categories!(a)!or!(c)!of!art.!3!of! Ministerial!Decision!(Greek!Government!Gazette!1420!B/! 14.07.2009)! (26)!High!efficiency!CHP!that!use!natural!gas!with!capacity! >!10!MW!and!≤!35!MW!of!remaining!categories!of!art.!3!of! Ministerial!Decision!(Greek!Government!Gazette!1420!B/! 14.07.2009)! (27)!High!efficiency!CHP!that!use!natural!gas!with!capacity! >!35!MW!of!categories!(a)!or!(c)!of!art.!3!of!Ministerial! Decision!(Greek!Government!Gazette!1420!B/!14.07.2009)! (28)!High!efficiency!CHP!that!use!natural!gas!with!capacity!

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230!

209!

209!

190!

90!

80!

88!x!NG_Coef!

76!x!NG_Coef!

95!x!NG_Coef! !

80!x!NG_Coef! !

92!x!NG_Coef!

80!x!NG_Coef!

100!x!NG_Coef! !

85!x!NG_Coef! !

80!x!NG_Coef!

70!x!NG_Coef!

85!x!NG_Coef! !

75!x!NG_Coef! !

84!x!NG_Coef!

74!x!NG_Coef!

90!x!NG_Coef! !

80!x!NG_Coef! !

74!x!NG_Coef!

65!x!NG_Coef!

85!x!NG_Coef! !

75!x!NG_Coef! !

78!x!NG_Coef!

70!x!NG_Coef!

90!x!NG_Coef! !

80!x!NG_Coef! !

68!x!NG_Coef!

62!x!NG_Coef!

85!x!NG_Coef! !

75!x!NG_Coef! !

72!x!NG_Coef!

66!x!NG_Coef!

90!x!NG_Coef! !

80!x!NG_Coef! !

61!x!NG_Coef!

57!x!NG_Coef!

62!x!NG_Coef! ! 65!x!NG_Coef!

57!x!NG_Coef! ! 60!x!NG_Coef!


!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page 8 of 15!


>!35!MW!of!remaining!categories!of!art.!3!of!Ministerial! Decision!(Greek!Government!Gazette!1420!B/!14.07.2009)!

68!x!NG_Coef! ! 85!!

63!x!NG_Coef! ! 80!

(29)!Remaining!high!efficiency!CHP!connected!to!the! Interconnected!System! (30)!Remaining!high!efficiency!CHP!connected!to!the! 95!! 90! Network!of!the!non%interconnected!islands! ! ! ! NG_Coef:!Factor!dependent!on!the!price!of!natural!gas!(see!Table!B,!page!1440!of!law!4254/2014)! The!prices!of!CHPs!may!vary!based!on!the!specific!use!of!the!heat!or!gases!of!the!station.! a!WOS:!Without!Subsidies.!The!investment!was!realized!without!the!use!of!public!subsidies!(use!of!direct!aid!or!equivalent! aid! by! other! means)! of! more! than! 20%! of! the! cost! of! the! investment! as! it! was! formed! the! date! of! the! plant’s! trial! operation!or!connection.!! b!WO:!With!subsidies.!The!investment!was!realized!with!public!subsidies.!! c,d!In!the!Interconnected!System:!100!MW!total.!In!the!non]interconnected!System!10%!of!the!total!installed!capacity!of! each!independent!system.!!! d,e!50!MW.! f,g,h!In!the!Interconnected!System:!40!MW!total.!! i,j!In!the!Interconnected!System:!50!MW!total.!!

! Although! the! FITs! of! PV! stations! were! guaranteed! for! 20! years! (25! years! for! electricity! generation! from! solar! thermal! stations,! par.! 2! of! art.! 12! of! law! 3468/2006) 4 ,! they! were! readjusted!in!law!4254/2014!to!partially!address!the!debt!of!the!country!related!to!the!sector!of! renewable!energy!sources.!! The! prices! for! electricity! absorption! from! PV! stations! that! are! currently! valid! (specified!in!art.! 27A!of!law!3734/2009!and!amended!with!various!Ministerial!Decisions!and!law!4254/2014)!are! the!following:! !

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 4!The! trial! operation! or! the! connection! of! the! station! must! start/be! realized! within! 18! months! of! the! signing! of! the!

Electricity! Purchase! Agreement,! for! power! stations! smaller! than! 10! MW,! and! within! 36! months! for! power! stations! bigger!than!10!MW!(art.!15!of!law!3468/2006;!par.!5a!of!art.!27A!of!law!3734/2009).!

!


!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page 9 of 15!

IEF$Project$GENERGIS$332028$$$$$$$$$$$Review$of$Laws$and$Regulations$Concerning$Renewable$Energy$Policy$

Table$3b:$Pricing$of$electricity$absorbed$from$PV$stations$as$readjusted$in$law%4254/2014$(Prices$marked$in$grey$refer$to$stations$connected$in$the$2nd$ semester$of$2013$and$their$compensation$was$arranged$according$to$subpar.$I.2$of$par.$I$of$art.$1$of$law%4093/2012).$ PV#stations## ##

Interconnected#System#

Period#of#connection#

PV#rooftops# (≤10kW)#

##

##

Non3interconnected#System#

P≤100kW# 100kW(5(MW( P(>(5(MW( P(≤(5(MW( WOS( WS( WOS( WS( WOS( WS( WOS( WS( 107$ 87$ 107$ 84$ 120$ 93$ 120$ 90$ 107$ 89$ 107$ 86$ 120$ 95$ 120$ 92$

$ Table$5:$FeedEinEtariffs$of$electricity$from$small$hydroelectric$stations$(≤$15$MW)$ $ Period$of$connection$ Until$31/12/2006$ After$01/01/2007$

Price&of&energy&(Euro/MWh)& P(>(1(MW( P(≤(1(MW( WOS( WS( WOS( WS( 107$ 87$ 107$ 84$ 107$ 89$ 107$ 87$

$ The$ pricing$ of$ hybrid$ stations$ on$ nonEinterconnected$ islands$ is$ performed$ every$ month.$ The$ price$to$be$paid$to$the$producer$for$the$availability$of$the$guaranteed$power$output$of$a$hybrid$ station$ cannot$ be$ lower$ than$ that$ paid$ for$ the$ electricity$ from$ a$ new$ incoming$ conventional$ plant$ (i.e.,$ a$ plant$ using$ conventional$ fuels$ constructed$ at$ the$ same$ time$ on$ the$ nonE interconnected$island)$of$the$same$capacity$(par.(3(of(art.(13(of(law(3468/2006).$The$price$of$the$ power$produced$using$energy$stored$in$the$storage$system$of$a$hybrid$station$and$supplied$to$ the$ grid$ of$ the$ nonEinterconnected$ island$ must$ be$ higher$ than$ the$ price$ of$ the$ electricity$ the$ hybrid$station$absorbs$from$the$grid$for$the$filling$of$its$storage$system,$increased$by$25%.$More$ details$ on$ the$ electricity$ pricing$ from$ hybrid$ stations$ can$ be$ found$ in$ art.(28(of(the(Ministerial( Decision(2373/2011.$$ $ All$producers$from$RES$stations,$except$the$PV$stations$that$are$part$of$the$Specific(program(for( the( development( of( photovoltaic( (PV)( systems( in( buildings$ (see$ below)$ are$ obliged$ to$ offer$ a$ discount$ on$ the$ energy$ they$ offered$ during$ the$ year$ 2013$ (subpar.( IG.3( of( law( 4254/2014)$ as$ follows:$ $ Period$of$connection$ By$31/12/2009$ By$31/12/2011$ By$31/12/2012$ By$01/01/2013$ Up$to$100$kW$(also$valid$ for$farmers)$ Remaining$RES/CHP$

Discount&(%)& ( 34.0$ 35.0$ 37.0$ 37.5$ 20.0$ 10.0$

$ Renewals$ of$ electricity$ purchase$ agreements$ depend$ on$ a$ coefficient$ of$ performance$ as$ described$in$subpar.(IG.4(of$law(4254/2014.$ $ & & &

$

Dr.EIng.$Fontina$Petrakopoulou,$EEmail:[email protected]$

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Specific&program&for&the&development&of&photovoltaic&(PV)&systems&in&buildings$ The$ Joint( Ministerial( Decision:( “Special( program( for( the( development( of( photovoltaic( systems( in( buildings(and(especially(on(rooftops”,(Greek(Government(Gazette(1079(B/04.06.2009((amended$by$ the$ Joint(Ministerial(Decision:(“Supplement(of( the( specific( program( development( of( PV(systems(in( buildings”,( Greek( Government( Gazette( 1557( B/22.09.2010),$ had$ the$ goal$ of$ promoting$ small$ PV$ installations$nationwide.&The$maximum$capacity$per$installation$on$rooftops$and$roof$terraces$of$ residential$ buildings$ and$ small$ companies$ (provided$ they$ fulfill$ specific$ requirements)$ on$ the$ mainland,$ the$ interconnected$ islands$ and$ Crete$ is$ set$ at$ 10$ kWp$ and$ the$ nonEinterconnected$ islands$at$5$kWp.$ Since$ the$ disposal$ of$ the$ produced$ energy$ into$ the$ Network$ helps$ to$ achieve$ the$ objectives$ of$ renewable$energy$penetration$set$by$Directive(2001/77/EC,$PV$station$owners$are$not$burdened$ with$ additional$ tax$ obligations$ for$ this$ disposal.$ The$ application$ procedure$ is$ also$ relatively$ simple$requiring$only$an$application$to$the$PPC$and$a$prior$permit$from$the$Planning$Agency$for$ the$execution$of$“small$scale$works”.$ To$ make$ the$ construction$ of$ renewable$ energy$ systems$ in$ buildings$ more$ attractive,$ the$ new$ building$ regulations$ allow$ constructions$ containing$ energy$ systems$ with$ RES$ to$ exceed$ the$ maximum$ allowed$ building$ height$ set$ for$ the$ area$ (par.( 2( of( art.( 19( of( law( 4067/2012).$ For$ buildings$with$low$to$very$low$energy$consumption$and$with$good$to$outstanding$environmental$ performance,$the$building$coefficient$may$be$increased$by$5E10%$(art.(25(of(law(4067/2012).$ The$pricing$of$electricity$generated$in$PV$stations$in$the$framework$of$the$specific$program$for$ the$development$of$PV$systems$in$buildings$and$in$particular$rooftops$and$absorbed$by$the$grid$ was$ specified$ in$ par.( 3( of( art.( 3( of( the( “Special( program( for( the( development( of( photovoltaic( systems( in( buildings( and( especially( on( rooftops”,( amended$ by$ various( Ministerial( Decisions,( with( last(the(Ministerial(Decision(published((in(the(Greek(Government(Gazette(1103(B/2.05.2013:$$ $ Year&&&&&&Month& 2013$February$ 2013$August$ 2014$February$ 2014$August$ 2015$February$ 2015$August$ 2016$February$ 2016$August$ 2017$February$ 2017$August$ 2018$February$ 2018$August$ 2019$February$ 2019$August$

Price&of&energy& (Euro/MWh)& 125.00$ 125.00$ 120.00$ 120.00$ 115.00$ 115.00$ 110.00$ 110.00$ 105.00$ 100.00$ 95.00$ 90.00$ 85.00$ 80.00$

& Electricity&production&restrictions&and&suspensions&& In$ 2010$ in$ an$ effort$ to$ restrict$ the$ desired$ ratio$ of$ installed$ capacity$ and$ the$ time$ allocation$ among$the$different$technologies$of$RES,$Ministerial(Decision(1630(B/11.10.2010$was$published.$ The$targeted$ratio$of$installed$capacity$per$RES$technology$and$category$of$producer$and$its$time$ allocation$were$specified$as$shown$in$the$following$table,$with$time$horizons$of$the$years$2014$ and$2020:$$ $ $

$


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$ Hydroelectric&& Small&size&(0=15&MW)& Large&size&(>15&MW)& PV& Installations&of&professional&farmers& (par.&6&of&art.&15&of&law&3851/2010)& Other&installations& Solarthermal&& Wind&stations&& (including&offshore&installations)& Biomass&

2014& 3700$ 300$ 3400$ 1500$ 500$

2020& 4650$ 350$ 4300$ 2200$ 750$

1000$ 120$ 4000$

1450$ 250$ 7500$

200$

350$

$ It$ was$ decided$ that$ the$ Minister$ of$ Environment,$ Energy$ and$ Climate$ Change$ upon$ recommendation$of$the$RES$service$can$suspend$the$licensing$procedure$by$technology$and$/$or$ by$category$of$the$producer.$Because$the$total$capacity$of$PV$power$plants$for$which$a$contract$ for$ electricity$ sales$ had$ been$ signed$ exceeded$ the$ limit$ for$ installed$ capacity$ in$ the$ year$ 2014$ (1500$ MW)$ and$ even$ surpassed$ the$ limit$ for$ the$ year$ 2020$ (2200$ MW),$ the$ Minister$ of$ Environment,$ Energy$ and$ Climate$ Change$ decided$ to$ suspend$ the$ licensing$ process$ and$ the$ issuing$of$interconnection$offers$for$PV$stations$(Greek(Government(Gazette(2317(B/10.08.2012).$$ This$decision$suspended$new$applications$for$PV$stations$to$RAE$for$production$authorizations,$ the$examination$of$pending$applications$for$production$licenses$of$PV$plants,$new$claims$to$the$ appropriate$manager$for$production$licenses$of$PV$projects$exempted$from$the$requirement$of$ production$ authorization,$ the$ examination$ by$ the$ responsible$ manager$ of$ pending$ PV$ applications$ to$ supply$ the$ connection$ of$ projects$ exempted$ from$ the$ obligation$ to$ obtain$ a$ production$ authorization.$ The$ suspension$ of$ interconnection$ offers$ and$ electricity$ purchase$ agreements$from$PV$stations$for$the$mainland$and$the$nonEinterconnected$islands$was$in$force$ until$April$2014$(par.(7(of(subpar.(IG.8(of(law(4254/2014).$ RES$projects$that$have$already$received$a$production$authorization,$that$are$excepted$from$the$ requirement$ to$ receive$ an$ authorization$ and$ have$ been$ guaranteed$ connection$ with$ binding$ conditions,$ that$ fall$ in$ the$ category$ of$ projects$ for$ fast$ track$ authorization$ (art.( 9( of( law( 3775/2009),$geothermal$projects,$PV$projects$of$the$Special$Program$of$rooftops,$are$not$subject$ to$suspension$procedures.$ According$to$art.(8A(of(law(3468/2006,$amended(with(art.(6(of(law(4203/2013,$the$manager$of$the$ System$grants$a$Interconnections$Offer$to$applications$for$the$connection$of$wind$stations$in$the$ connected$ System$ of$ Transmission$ of$ Electrical$ Energy$ that$ have$ been$ characterized$ as$ saturated$if$the$additional$capacity$does$not$surpass$the$ability$of$electricity$absorption$by$20%.$ Additionally,$ based$ on$ art.(14A(of(law(3468/2006,$ amended$ with$ art.(6(of(law(4203/2013,$autoE producers$are$allowed$to$install$PV$stations$and$small$wind$turbines5$that$are$connected$to$the$ network$without$being$affected$by$the$suspension$of$production$authorizations.$However,$if$the$ installation$is$realized$in$an$area$with$a$saturated$network,$the$Network$Manager$can$limit$the$ absorbed$capacity,$while$the$electricity$is$absorbed$by$the$network$without$the$obligation$of$its$ compensation$ to$ the$ selfEproducer.$ With$ the$ decision$ of$ the$ Minister$ of$ Environment,$ Energy$ and$Climate$Change$and$after$the$opinion$of$RAE,$there$may$be$some$compensation$towards$the$

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5$According$ to$ art.(4(of(law(4203/2013$ and$ following$ the$ rules$ of$ art.(8A(of(law(3468/2006,$ the$ connection$ of$ small$

wind$ turbines$ (≤$ 50$ kW)$ to$ the$ network$ will$ follow$ the$ framework$ of$ the$ “specific$ development$ program$ of$ small$ wind$ turbines”$ established$ by$ decision$ of$ the$ Minister$ of$ Environment,$ Energy$ and$ Climate$ Change$ that$ will$ be$ published$by$30.6.2014.$

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special$ account$ of$ art.( 40( of( law( 2773/1999$ or$ the$ selfEproducer$ for$ the$ absorption$ of$ the$ electricity$surplus.$$$ $ Protected&areas&Natura&2000& The$ Joint( Ministerial( Decision( published( in( the( Greek( Government( Gazette( 1289( B/1998& established$ the$ committee$ “Nature$ 2000”$ («Φύση$ 2000»)$ defined$ its$ responsibilities$ as$ the$ central$scientific$advisory$body$to$the$State$for$the$coordination,$monitoring$and$evaluation$of$ policies$ and$ measures$ to$ protect$ the$ Greek$ biodiversity.$ Its$ function$ is$ the$ responsibility$ and$ duty$of$the$respective$minister$of$Environment,$Energy$and$Climate$Change.$The$report$on$the$ actions$ and$ function$ of$ the$ committee$ for$ the$ period$ 2010E2013$ was$ the$ beginning$ of$ the$ preparation$ of$ an$ official$ text$ about$ the$ generation$ of$ energy$ from$ renewable$ resources$ in$ an$ environmentally$friendly$mode$in$areas$protected$by$the$network$Natura$2000.$$$ As$ defined$ in$ the$ Ministerial( Decision( published$ in$ the( Greek( Government( Gazette( 1138( B/11.06.2009$ that$ approved$ the$ Special( Framework( for( Spatial( Planning( and( Sustainable( Development(of(Tourism(and(Strategic(Assessment(of(its(Environmental(Impact,$the$national$space$ is$divided$into$many$subcategories$based$on$their$geomorphology,$touristic$and$other$specified$ characteristics.$ Coastal$ areas$ and$ islands$ constitute$ a$ separate$ category,$ as$ do$ protected$ areas$ included$in$the$network$of$Natura$2000$and$other$environmentallyEsensitive$regions.$In$the$case$ of$protected$areas$the$possibility$of$construction$of$buildings$is$to$be$limited$and$/$or$prohibited,$ while$ all$ tourism$ activities$ are$ to$ be$ associated$ with$ mild$ forms$ of$ tourism,$ the$ use$ of$ local$ resources,$the$promotion$and$protection$of$the$environment$and$landscape$etc.$The$areas$of$the$ Network$Natura$2000$were$further$classified$based$on$their$characteristics$in$law(3937/2011.$ Based$ on$ par.(6(of(art.(19(of(law(1650/1986$ amended$ by$ par.(2(of(art.(8(of(law(3851/2010,$ the$ installation$of$RES$stations$that$may$have$been$allowed$in$specific$areas,$should$not$include$any$ land$that$belong$to$the$network$Natura$2000.$Additionally,$according$to$par.(4(of(art.(6(of(chapter( B( of( law( 3894/2010,$ areas$ of$ the$ network$ Natura$ A$ (zones$ of$ absolute$ protection)$ cannot$ be$ subject$ to$ investments$ that$ fall$ under$ the$ law$ "Acceleration( and( transparency( in( the( implementation(of(Strategic(Investments".$$ According$to$art.(7(of(law(3468/2006,$stations$producing$electricity$from$RES$or$high$efficiency$ CHP,$ as$ well$ as$ any$ work$ associated$ with$ their$ construction$ and$ operation,$ including$ the$ construction$of$access$roads$and$their$connection$with$the$System$or$Network$may$be$installed$ and$function$in:$$ a)$plots$of$land$or$in$areas$of$which$the$applicant$has$the$legal$right,$$ b)$forests$or$woodlands$that$have$been$granted$the$execution$of$works$in$accordance$with$arts.$ 45(and(58(of(law(998/1979,(or(art.(13(of(law(1734/1987,$$ c)$the$foreshore,$beach,$sea,$or$at$its$bottom$if$the$right$of$usage$was$granted$in$accordance$with$ art.(14(of(law(2971/2001.& Based$on$law(4014/2011$in$the$case$of$projects$or$activities$that$take$place$in$protected$areas$of$ the$network$Natura$2000,$the$environmental$authorization$is$realized$according$to$the$relevant$ provisions$ of$ Presidential$ Decrees$ and$ Ministerial$ Decisions.$ For$ category$ A$ projects$ (projects$ and$activities$that$may$have$significant$environmental$impacts$and$for$which$an$environmental$ impact$ study$ is$ required,$ such$ as$ the$ installation$ of$ power$ stations)$ a$ specific$ ecological$ assessment$is$submitted$to$the$corresponding$service$as$part$of$the$environmental$impact$study$ (pars.(9(and(10(of(art.(11(of(law(4014/2011).$ If$ there$ are$ significant$ potential$ adverse$ impacts,$ necessary$measures$to$prevent$and$minimize$these$impacts$must$be$listed$and$justified$in$order$ to$ensure$the$integrity$of$the$area.$

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It$ is$ possible$ that,$ in$ spite$ of$ a$ negative$ assessment$ about$ the$ effects,$ and$ in$ the$ absence$ of$ alternative$solutions,$a$project$or$activity$must$be$carried$out$for$imperative$reasons$of$public$ interest,$including$those$of$social$or$financial$nature.$In$such$a$case,$all$compensatory$measures$ necessary$to$ensure$the$overall$coherence$of$the$regions$within$Natura$2000$must$be$accounted$ for.$The$decision$on$whether$a$project$or$activity$will$be$carried$out$for$imperative$reasons$of$ public$interest$is$taken$by$the$Minister$of$Environment,$Energy$and$Climate$Change.$$ With$ strict$ exceptions$ related$ to$ electricity$ generation$ from$ PV$ stations,$ the$ production$ of$ electricity$ generation$ from$ RES$ is$ prohibited$ on$ agricultural$ land$ parcels$ that$ have$ been$ designated$as$land$of$high$productivity$(par.(7(of(art.(9(of(law(3851/2010).$ $ $ $ $ DISCLAMER&& I$declare$that$the$information$provided$in$this$guide$is$true$to$the$best$of$my$knowledge.$I$welcome$any$ additions/corrections$by$researchers$and$professionals$specialized$in$this$field.$$

$ $ &

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