Dec 7, 2018 - commancls a much higher prJ-ce as i:utk of the catch is process*rl for export. rn .... are, mahua oit cakes, lime anrl fish feed. Prices of inputs.
IR.MA
mfrtnmffi
Symposium on Management of Rural Co-operatives December 7-11,lggz
Workshop on Co-operative Marketing
?
-'-.. .
,a
Workkshop Director:
L. K. Yaswani
L,:
1
i)
I
I
Institute of Rural Management Anand 388 001 krdia Phone : Q2692) 2372A Telex : Afl21262 Fax :02692-22220
:
-f
A
Ct: Ct-;F.
.- l
lr'
,;!,'-i:'.r.: r -L
; i';'
'i',;
l"
F":':':: ir.::
: ''i'
'
Title
S. Ne
:::i::1:---ic:,
I,ial'!:*it.i..t-ri; Cc='c::i- i n: :
c;:+.ra.f-ive* - A'uh-i:'ri (Then* pePeri. i
l?il'r-'ugi:r C*-' Al-ie.r.:l:;-tt'ive
L"K" Vaswani
Ci-rcuiated seParat-eiY i
Business Activj.ties of the
2,
: r i;:-:
MARXI'ED,
ci-11
K.S
Punj ab.
INct enclosed] Agro-Input Harketing through operative - A Case StudY of
'l
Co-
GL1JCO}{ASOL
K. Vaslrani vijay Manchanda L.
Rajesh Ghatge
INot enclosed]
TAPCOMAS-ACaseStudY (Aq. produce Marketing SocietY)
V.
Kr:landaiswamy
A Study on Rubber Marketing Co-ops"
V.
Mukund.a Das
Farmerst Attitudes towards Tobacco Co-op pre- and Post Estabiishment
L.K. Vaswani S.K. Patel
A Comparative
StudY of Marketi-ng Channels
L.K. Vaswani Kalpeshr Shah
9.
Fish Marketing through Co-oPs - A Study of WB .Co-op. Marketi-ng of Fish- Emerging
L.K.
10.
Co-.op Marketing
A
E
i-n Kerala
and
Comparison
7. 8..
11. L2.
'
Chicory Marketing
Perspecti-ve INot enclosed]
of
Handlooms and
Ilandicraf,ts (orissa)
Tappi-ng Consumer Preferences
through Irnpact Points Intervention into the Wood Market F.An NTGCF Experience
J.P. Talati D. Lah j-r$
Vaswani
Sudip S
Khan
"K. Patro
S. P. Seetharaman T. Madhavan
V. K. Mishra
,l
S'ISH MJARKEEING THROUGH COOPERAT-TYE SCICTETIES .A STUDY OT I{EST tsEHG.AI, STaTE
Debabrata Lahiri
il {
Ll
j
Abstract About i-0 per cent of the tot.al nrimbe:: of the PFCSs in the country are in West, Bengal " Of, which. rouqhty 2 O " O0 per cent are running in prof i-t " Sti 1I the thre fisherments cooperative societies produce one tl:irrl of the States fish production, The societies are not able est-ablj-sh lease hold rights on the water bod j-es " The clc riot get any financial support yearly as loan for f ish proeluctj"on. Bu.t, other primary societies at the village leveJ-, su*h B$, Primary Agricultural- cooperative Socities (PACSs) gets loan yearl.y from their respective Central Cocperative Banks. The assidtance from the SENfISH is also partial in many respects to the socities. Now all assistances are given to the marine PFCSs with practically no help to the inland ones. Thouqh at present this is being done due to the finances avail-ai:ile frorn national and international bod.ies still some serious thciught- is required to be given fr:r the neglected inland sector'. Even the Fisheries Depr6rtnent have probably forgotten the cause of the inland PFCSs as it is evident from the nature of assistances provided to tFren thraugh very f ew schernes. The commercial bankr: also do not want to finance the inland PFCSs. The CFCSs are mostly in moribunrt condition. Thrrough provision of low quality inputs at higher prices to the PFCSs they are surviuinE. The marketing of fish s{eems to be. nearly forgdtten area to these f isheirmen's socities. So this research work aims in highliqhtinE different problem areas of marketinq of fish among q'hj-cli are the important ones, such BS, the producer*marketing l inkages , interact ions w j,th the markets and interna 1 efficiency which are dealt in qreater rletails during the course of 3n3tys€S e -.--_-** Introduction Since time irnmemorial West Bengal was one of the major fish consuming State in the countiy. In the past and also at present fish is produced in inland and as rtrell- as ir: marine sectors. fn inland fisheries the State is quite sigr:if j,cant in producti-on and the cu.ltural practiees are welL developecl. In plai.ns, inland fishes are produced in tanlcs, ponds, Iakes and r:ivers. rn hif ly regions, small- quantity of fishes are produced naturally in springs 1oca1ly knor,'rn as I jhora' . While the ma j or p::oducti.on is obtai.ned f rom inl-and fisheries, covering a1 1 the districts, marine fish production is confinectr along the coast ]ine of Bay of Bengal in tw-o districts e. g. 24 Parganas (South) and Midnapore
the State has Conparat-iroely' linei coast ' the Ttre state (Fig 1 gives e=+'xrrl"o"i*ii=t'"u16'area' about of short coast rine -or insnoJe';;-" (upto-10 f athoms) ' 1813a depth) and has 777 *q"x-;=-" L; io 'io-'ritt'**u (i:etwee'nsq.krns of orrur'ot" *i fi ai; lq ' k'ou " 1u[to 100 f athom) f or cont inentar *;;i; ' explorat-ion " there has augum'ent'1*q'-qttduction for sector' In f isireries per cent increasL in the- p-lan expenditure from i:een L4a.57 raxrrs-?rom -iu"t[lesq-li to ieBT-88' .whereas'
and marine have Rs 326.27 ,r1j,-Jri.oz iish prodo"iii'=;t total -i"11"d to 505 thousand tonnes :'o bi"* per 64 by 'g5 increased is Ltso an important "*''* Fish ,-tHeisState -seea whic; durinE the same per{oq' t; ;;;;t sLateL' sent tGi' 1-980-81 of producer hy ; times from seed g:roductio'' r"u also i'ttt**u*a to 1987-8S. {evelopment AEeucies engaged' in fisheries TherehrasbeenccrnsciortseffortkrytlrestateGovernmentto qerie*trry eit'her- landless are fishermer,-*no poor the develop e}so tiley-t'rmainly belong. J"av." .,,y,.t*' possess not institutions or does A "[*r"t castes co*rnurritvl tht are ishe-rinen f to the scheairled poor of clever*p*""L or the f At trorkinE revel' are and !ttt" a'iut'l"i vitlage' lr'* at rrorking the twc Statele.vel,WestBengalri'r,"'i**c*v"ropmentCorporation c.orpoialio., are-lopment o".,*ropnrer,.rt Fisheries State deve and i;-i;f rastru"i.''* f?"I." and fisi: inst itut ions engaged breeding flsrr moaerli or districr the establishment *""to"-u'' At production in in,a,d **a'*;;;;;" agencies (FFDAg) has beer "f o*y*ropment Farmerts Fish ievel i=rt""*"t ' Financia aeveiopment. iouna th? .1Tto, below up "t. set ro r;;-peopte p;;;r;;; are also -pi;"i","rt,r"" assisrances *iJ* Integrated Ru'ath-rouEh -tinop)-' pove::ty riie District " RuraProgramm? lrrl3riorr banks, I:. Development (DRDi;' and froni *L***'"ia}. sector marine Development Agencies. development -provicted. by varlol-l's view of the vist potenti"i'r"ibee.n i-r* ur="n*sug}r deveS-eipmenL assisdan"*= i=, Marine Expor-national leveI ins.tit.riioi*-, ional" cocr-perat ive Development'Agenclet'i-MPi;A) -' -'I:t Agricultural anl Developmenr Corpbration (NABARD) .idcbcl-..ia 'iational ' n.rraf beveloprne^nt eanX ' i plans year five Under Fisheries development First to seventh7 5Fir'= ftt'l years' 4l for ' In the State, .past 'hu'" spend, Rs ' 1' year Flans itre Fisheri; l;;p"rtment pran alone' th= ;iE;'-h-;iY:'v";t the For only' Apart frc: crores Rs lrr.oo crores"developmer': ,Iii-r-" expendit*r* estimated j"J-";;t-iive Years this plan e-lpenoi_ture]' the WorId Bank ar-.: atso.nl ,^riff assistances """iilUfe-from DanishGovernmenttotheextentofRs.g0.ooand5.00crore: respecti-.,*:-y"TheNationalCo?Perati-onDevelopmeI-'--assist"ance worth F's' provlae corporarion='i*to"i'-riii-;;;; 32.0o"'o'*=..Thusin,"*ifiveyear-tnetota}expetrditur: ,
I
i
L
:1
f.r fisheries develcprnent wiI1 be 3 times more had been in past 4t years ( j ) .
r
F
5
lr
tiran what
Gtructure of fishermen's cooperatives Like other sectors of the econofty, there has l:een a systematic development of fisheries-through formation of f isherments cooperiti..zes within the state" The soc:[eties are beinq formed to bring closer the wi.Iring fj.r:hermen i:aseii on honesty and i3t-egrir,y. The struct*-re of cooperative societies f,or inlano ana marine f isheries var_.ieJ. At ttre state leve}, f or both inland ancl m"arine sector is sne apex body known ds, west Bengai state Fisheriesthere co*perat.ive Federation (BHNr]rsH) . rn inllnd sector, untler the RElJFrsi{, in each district there are Fishermerrrs central cocperative societies (cFCSs). Depending upon the area operaiion of a district there are one cr more cFCSs" under:ofthe' jurisdict,j_on of each CFSC there are a number of Fishermeiu" trrimary cooperative societies (FFCSs). rn the state there are about l-8 cFCSs and distriet wise number *f pFCSs given in ?able 1"1 and L.z for inrand and marine sectorare sep"arately. Details r:f cooperati-ve structure anc thelr funcf.ions for both i-nland and marine sectors are given iyr Fs-g.z.rrt 3. Total number of members of pFCSs are Tl.,B50 of whi-ch only 120.3 (1"67es) are women, cf the total numlrer of :rember.s 60"00 and 5.00 per cent are from the scheclul-ed and schedured Tribes community respectively. pai,dc;lste r1p spare capitar of the pFCSs are Rs.261.o0 which the governmerrt share is Rs 210.00 rakhs (72lakhs of cumulativ*ry, "7a%) for all. PFCSs total reserve fund and uorki-ng capitai Rs. 22 " 05 arrd i-1"6. oo lakhs respectively " Totai "apita_r borror+ed by the societies are Rs.723.00 1akhs. The societi.es have fixed assets wr:rth Rs.507.00 lakhs of the total number of PFCS only 21.71 per cent are runrringi with^ profit" Rest 47.45 anc io.a4 per cent of then are running i-n loss and without any profit^ or loss respectiveiy. rt has aLso been estimated ihat of the totar amount of inrand f:lsh production in -uhe state abcut one third is from the cooperatirre sector (4) . various governmer:t schernes through which the pFCS are f inancially heJ.pecl are :. (i) Governmentrs contribut:-on to share capi_ta1r. (ii) sancri-cning foan and subsid,v for pur.chase of qrafts and gears, estab1ishnen-- of f ish staf }s in markets and purchase of fisherles requisites; (iii) Fcr: development of infrastructural facilit j.es, conmuni-ty haIls, and nak-rng provisions for dri-nkJ-ng water facilities.
I
llt t:
!
fishri-r'; fn addition to tire above schemes, in marine sectorririnkii:: harbours are being set up containing electrlcity, water f,acilities, i.ce factory and diesel dumps for FFCSs al:* private trawlers also. Problems faced by the fishermenis eooperati"r/e societies Among the fishermenrs cooperative societies the PFCS face: acute problems due to : (i) As organj-sation of pI'CSs in the State had been base on ve;ted water boclies and along rivers, so often t: PFCSs are found to plagu*d with non-availabil"ity : vested water krodies. gven if vested water bodies a: made avaj-tab]-e, they are unable t"o take possessi: due to forcihrl"e occupation by others these a: pending 1egal cases for estabj-ishrnent of owner:shrigfrts-. f[e much proclaj-med West Bengal Inla: r risheries Act of l-984 has sQ far been unabl-e Lo for the PFCs fr:r estaLrlj-shi: precious little Lwnership rights. Even the officers of t,5e Fj-sherl= oepartment ar.e unable to make use section I of thact; a: (ii) For required improvement. cf r.rater boCies, suchPF: the under etc. canals clead bundhs, ueets and there ar€ ncr budgetary provisi-on; (iiii Due to absence of appropri.ate schemes, the riverlPFCSs faces acute problem with respect to n-" availabilitY of boats and nets; ( jv) Like other soc j-eties such as Prixrary Agricuitu:. cooperative societj-es (PAcg) there is na regular f-of funds as loan to the PFCSs frora its apex bodie= such absence of funds hrave eveR restricted ann'-: purchase fj.sh seeds & feed hry the FFCSs; stocking a. rearing of fish' Absence of training programrtes for the meml:ers PFCS for transfer of lnrpror:eci t.echnology, maintena: ' of accounts and managrernenL of sc(:ieties in scj-ent-: Ii.nes has jeopardised tnej.r normat functionl:. Together only 5"00 per cent of the PFCS menber h. rece j-ved tr:aining; (vl) Assistance front the State cl-l lega1 aspects is a-' lacking; The problems faced hy the PFCSs are also riue to: (v)
(i) (ii) {iii)
Lack of cooperative effort anong the member: f,rshe:::= Primary weakness in forming the societies;
Financial insolvency of the societies; 4
I (
iv)
Restr i cted part- ia 1 relatior: . :ld and hody,/socie't 1es tne primary
l:et-ween Lhe apex
s*cieties.
I
rn order tr: make viable there had been a stat.e level confer*Jlce f the or 'FCS Fisherinen's cor:per:atives ir., r-inruilr:y l-978 " rn i+hi;h soins;;;posals had beerr actoptec. f *r implentat.ion, The p.opo=5is were : (i) Reorr;anisation of the pFCSs; (ii) Amalgation of peii* to viable pI.CSs," (iii) Dee tarat.j.on of-norrbund bankruft-pics=; ( iv) To register pFCS 1n crloer to maxe the rrumber of viab-r.e societies more than 400.
T T
Fish marketing in tl:e State. lluge quanti-ties of fishes required daily for consuml:tion as about es-00 per ceni of3re tne rropri*trrr,;";;;; rn order to satisry the rnternal-dimana, it (5) large qua*ti.t s of" fish are imported i-o*-;j-oinrnq;;;;. like, Bihar. rhra Fradesh, orissa, utt;'il{0es1,,.-Mu;hy; pra,lesh" A_rso fish is rmported from distant state.s iir" z,iii.at. rn this $Late two -largest rqholesaie the *.*-'=:.t,r.i*c--il adjac:ent to Howrah andrnarxets c;r) rutta, Sealdah raiiways statit:ns ?hese markets al-so " uppio_uchab: * ny roads " ?he Calcutta ".".alone metroporis nore than 10.00 per cen. of the fresirvrater """Ii*"= p-"or"i'i.r, {r:r, proouction and about 30.00 per cent of the reservoir fish carps of the c*untry (6)' Like fresh watei fl=;, specially s.ate- cnry cent of roral marine rrasl the 0"83 per Larqe quant:.ties of freln fjsh .f ish ;;;;.,;rian "on=.,**= cou;:rry. at other cities af the State which ;;"=ituateo-uJ"_ "oloumed "a;;* rd}-i,: r., t00 Kms f rorn ti:e place a production rr"=n ii=n prcdu.ctio, and a "i-*u.r.,n ir cornes to calcutra in tir*- tr"-;;*lesate il:J;I.S""rr.rlr"J..".
Calcutta citil is
