speech community, and perhaps by the individuals in question. These ..... 'top-down' comprehension strategies, and to avoid the stilted conversation and loss of.
Therefore, it is im~ortant for .lan~ua?e teac~lers to be sensitive not only to the frequency o~ ml~~ommumcatlOn 111 oral mteractions, but of the range of causes for the mablltty of the language leamer to make his/her meaning clear. At one level, thIS may be a matter of a lack of mastery of linguistic features, such as faulty pronunciation, inappropriate lexical choice awkward syntax, and so on. In many informal interactions the interlocuto; ~ assuming that slhe identifies an occurrence of miscomI~unication - can lllterrupt the speaker to ask for clarification. But often communication may
Communication breakdowns are a feature of any oral interaction even in conve:s~tions between
