scaling good agronomic practices in Cambodia's ...

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in Cambodia's cassava kingdom. Jonathan Newby ... systems in the Kingdom of Cambodia ... b) What are key barriers for scaling in the case study?
Case presentation and sharing first ideas on the Scaling Strategies: scaling good agronomic practices in Cambodia’s cassava kingdom December 13th, 2017 Wageningen, Netherlands

Jonathan Newby Erik Delaquis

1. Scaling Readiness analyses results: a) What is the innovation package that the project seeks to scale? • A package of agronomic best practices on sustainable cassava cultivation

Strategy document: Profitable, sustainable and resilient cassava-based farming systems in the Kingdom of Cambodia

1. Scaling Readiness analyses results: a) What is the innovation package that the project seeks to scale? • Contents based on results of regional experiences, specifically farmer participatory trials across many contexts and environments in SEA • On the back of recent compilations of best practices, sustainability plans for Northern Cambodian provinces • Working group formed in response to request from Cambodian government to develop a National policy for a sustainable cassava sector

1. Scaling Readiness analyses results: a) What is the innovation package that the project seeks to scale?

FPT, R4D

Contextual adoption Evidence (readiness score 7)

GIZ – 3 province cassava sustainability plan (2016)

National strategy Policy Doc. Sustainable cassava sector

1. Scaling Readiness analyses results: a) What is the innovation package that the project seeks to scale? • Needs – based, requested from the top-down

• Package of innovations - from the agronomic & livelihoods perspectives, they are interacting & complementary elements of a policy strategy with the goal of sustainable cassava-based livelihoods.

Complex, cross border trade Smallholder farmer in Cambodia

Starch factory in Vietnam

Village collection point

Chips to Vietnam

Border traders and brokers

Limited small-scale processing

1. Scaling Readiness analyses results: • UPDATE: prioritization results round 2 1. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Establish a Cambodian Cassava Research and Development Coordination entity; Promote sustainable and resilient cassava-based farming systems and livelihoods, avoiding interventions that focus on cassava in isolation of other components of a farming system; Invest in cassava breeding and coordinate variety evaluation with industry stakeholders; Develop viable seed systems and business models to promote the use of healthy planting material; Develop and promote robust fertilizer management recommendations and flexible strategies for different agroecological regions of Cambodia; Invest in and coordinate the monitoring, surveillance and reporting of pest and disease and promote appropriate management practices; Develop cassava-based cropping system options suitable for different agro-economic regions of Cambodia; and Invest in ongoing development of mechanization technologies that enable viable contracting models, address rising labour shortages, and enable the implementation of conservation agriculture practices

• Fourth selected: a mismatch of pest and disease and inputs

1. Scaling Readiness analyses results: b) What are key barriers for scaling in the case study? • Many initiatives focusing on one single (or a few) of these components have had limited success at scaling their innovations to a degree consistent with the needs of Cambodia’s cassava sector

• Concertation of efforts from multiple actors currently non-existent in Cambodia is required • National research centers & government (CARDI, MAFF) • Universities (RUA, UBB, etc.) • FAO • Foreign national dev. Orgs (GIZ, CIRAD, SNV) • CGIAR (CIAT, ILRI, Bioversity) • Broad NGO landscape

1. Scaling Readiness analyses results: b) What are key barriers for scaling in the case study? • Characterizing key players for each innovation and how they will interact is a critical challenge for operationalizing the strategy – and this is the context in which mapping the innovation network will be most useful (key actors may be outside Cambodia)

• What does an enabling environment look like for a very broad cluster of innovations as proposed in this policy? Scaling readiness approach assumes this is known in each case. However in the Cambodian context, the package is demand-driven and many included innovations likely need someone to generate the evidence (critical to understand the feasibility and viability of the innovation) • Cambodia’s volatile political situation may drastically reduce participation by key government players at this time

2. Management decisions and investments: • Which decisions have been made to overcome barriers for scaling under the case study? • The first major step taken to overcome this barrier is the realization that a dedicated entity for coordination of development efforts is necessary as an enabling structure -> ‘Cambodian Research & Development Entity’

• Strategically, resources should be allocated for generating evidence of scalability in past innovations ourselves rather than relying on interviewed stakeholders to provide it • How will this be achieved? • Close engagement with UNDP/FAO/KH Government agencies for strategy development. A primary benefit is to leverage external support

3. Scaling strategies: • What are the next steps? • Evaluate the progress made to date from Murat’s database • Several follow-ups have been made with key contacts

• With no project funding, difficult to get buy-in from stakeholders in Cambodia • The sustainable production package is expansive in topics and coverage due to its nature as a national policy • Many of the innovations proposed are may be difficult to evaluate using the scaling readiness methodology and/or not achieve high scores on the readiness scale

3. Scaling strategies: • Which scaling partnerships are being explored/ effectuated? • The most immediate step is the continuation of development of the National policy document -> Core group of partners

• How will monitoring and evaluation take place? • The multistakeholder nature of the working group demands constant evaluation and reworking of the elements of the package of innovations. • Medium-term monitoring based on changes in coordination, funding, investment

3. Scaling strategies: • What are the next steps? • Decision whether to move forward with the full innovation package as described. Attention and funding is now likely to shift to disease issues & clean seed systems

• Proposal: • Refocus on addressing emerging CMD crisis and other disease issues in SE Asia • Regional study to develop strategy for scaling access and use of ‘healthy planting material’ • Understand regional networks and entry points. Coupled with seed system research cluster (CC2.1)

3. Scaling strategies: • • • •

• What are the next steps? There will still be no Cambodia-specific evidence for many of the components, however this can help to prioritize areas for research Plan around access to resources to do follow up research However, even with a focus on seed + pest/disease, still need variety, fertility, and cropping system angles -> link to other evidence generating projects Workplan moving forward needs to be clarified for 2018 with CIAT regional manager

Sri Lanka cassava mosaic virus SLCMV – Cambodia 2015 •

SLCMV detected for first time in SEA in Ratanakiri, KH (2015)



Little/no descriptive work on cassava seed systems/networks in the affected countries



Entry point for seed systems work



Calls for action increasing w virus spread in 2017

2016-17 seed systems project ACIAR SRA – SLCMV response • 2-country survey: recognizing easy international spread • Baseline for presence of virus, insect vector presence, patterns of seed movement • Survey-based characterization of seed flows, sources & sinks, selection & quality criteria, phytosanitary information

 Survey implementation  Translation & data processing 

PCR-based virus detection

 Data analysis  June 18-23 writeshop

 Whitefly counts & biotyping

How did this get here? Where is it likely to go? Why? next?

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2 Research papers – Jan 2018

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INA – UFL to follow

1. Scaling Readiness analyses results: 1. 2.

3. 4.

Establish a Cambodian Cassava Research and Development Coordination entity; Promote sustainable and resilient cassava-based farming systems and livelihoods, avoiding interventions that focus on cassava in isolation of other components of a farming system; Develop viable seed systems and business models to promote the use of healthy planting material; Pest and disease and inputs

• UNDP to tentatively fund follow-up activities: • With an aim to scale clean material to 20,000 farmers • Evaluation across different value chains • Pushing clean seed systems practices up the readiness scale

4. Group feedback and discussion

• Questions and feedback from the workshop participants?