Scientific abstracts from the 6th International Barcode ...

Tnah LH, Lee SL, Tan AL, Lee CT, Ng KKS, Ng CH, Ling SK, Nurul Farhanah Z. 2015. DNA barcoding of 100 common medicinal plants in Malaysia for species authentication. Scientific abstracts from the 6th International Barcode of Life Conference. Genome 58(5): 229. DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0087. A b s tr a c ts

g e n e r a t e d a n d c o m p a r e d w it h t h e B O L D d a t a b a s e ; a s p e c ie s -le v e l N B UD I X B T E F m O F E B T     T F R V F O D F T JN JMB S JUZ UP B T JO H MF T Q F D JF T n a m e in B O L D . R e s u lt s : It w a s p o s s ib le to id e n tify 5 8 % o f s a m p le s , to ta lin g 5 7 d iffe r e n t s p e c ie s , in c lu d in g th r e e e n d a n g e r e d s p e c ie s (P y r r h u r a c r u e n ta ta , C h a e to m y s s u b s p in o s u s , a n d L e o p a r d u s w ie d ii). T h e m o s t D P N N P O MZ JE F O U Jm F E B O JN B MT X F S F B C B U M o lo s s u s m o lo s s u s ), a n o p o s s u m (D id e lp h is a u r it a ), a n d a f r o g (T r a c h y c e p h a lu s m e s o p h a e u s ). N o r e p t ile w a s JE F O UJm F E V T JO H UI F UF D I O JR V F Q S P C B C MZ E V F UP MB D L P G S F GF S F O D F T F  R V F O D F T JO # 0 - %  " N C JH V P V T JE F O U Jm D B U JP O X B T P C U B JO F E G S P N    P G s a m p le s , w ith B O L D r e p o r tin g > 9 9 % s im ila r ity to m o r e th a n o n e s p e c ie s . S ig n i® c a n c e : O u r d a ta m a y c o n tr ib u te to a b e tte r u n d e r s ta n d in g o f th e im p a c t o f r o a d s o n b io d iv e r s ity lo s s a n d m a y h e lp to in tr o d u c e D N A b a r c o d in g te c h n iq u e s in r o a d e c o lo g y r e s e a r c h . D N A b a r c o d in g o f 1 0 0 c o m m o n m e d ic in a l p la n t s in M a la y s ia fo r s p e c ie s a u t h e n t ic a t io n T n a h L e e H o n g , L e e S o o n L e o n g , T a n A i L e e , L e e C h a i T in g , N g K e v in K it S io n g , N g C h in H o n g , L in g S u i K io n g , a n d N u r u l F a r h a n a h Z a k a r ia F o r e s t R e s e a r c h In s t it u t e M a la y s ia , 5 2 1 0 9 K e p o n g , S e la n g o r , M a la y s ia . C o r r e s p o n d i n g a u t h o r : T n a h L e e H o n g (e -m a il: le e h o n g @ f r im .g o v .m y ).

B a c k g r o u n d : G iv e n th e g r o w in g h e r b a l m a r k e t, th e a d u lte r a tio n o f h e r b a l p r o d u c ts is r is in g a s a g lo b a l c o n c e r n . A d u lte r a tio n c a n o c c u r E V F UP N JT JE F O UJm D B UJP O P G I F S C T P S JO UF O UJP O B M T V C T UJUV UJP O X JUI JO  e x p e n s iv e h e r b s o r s y n th e tic d r u g s , w h ic h m a y le a d to p u b lic h e a lth h a z a r d s a n d p o o r q u a lity p r o d u c t fo r m u la tio n s . A s th e fu n d a m e n ta l T UF Q UP D P O m S N UI F R V B MJUZ P G B O I F S C B M Q S P E V D U JT UI S P V H I T Q F D JF T a u th e n tic a tio n , D N A b a r c o d in g o ffe r s a g o o d a lte r n a tiv e fo r d e te c tin g p la n t -b a s e d a d u lt e r a n t s in t r a d e d h e r b a l m e d ic in a l m a t e r ia ls . I n t h e p r e s e n t s tu d y , w e a im e d to e s ta b lis h a r e fe r e n c e D N A b a r c o d in g d a ta b a s e fo r 1 0 0 c o m m o n m e d ic in a l p la n ts in M a la y s ia fo r s p e c ie s id e n tim D B UJP O B O E B V UI F O UJD B UJP O  R e s u lt s : D N A b a r c o d e s w e r e g e n e r a te d u s in g fo u r p la s tid m a r k e r s , r b c L , rp o C 1 , rp o B , a n d tr n H – p s b A . T h e p e r fo r m a n c e o f a ll p la s tid m a r k e r s in r e c o v e r in g s p e c ie s g r o u p s w a s e v a lu a te d u s in g s im ila r ity B L A S T a n d p h y lo g e n e tic tr e e s . T h e r b c L , rp o C 1 , a n d rp o B , w h ic h a r e m o r e c o n s e r v e d , w e r e c h o s e n a s c o r e c o d in g r e g io n to s e r v e a s a b a s e lin e fo r c o m p a r is o n . T h e a n a ly s e s s h o w e d th a t r b c L , rp o C 1 , a n d rp o B p r o v id e d a p p a r e n t r e s o lu tio n a t th e s p e c ie s le v e l a n d w e r e a b le to s e p a r a te th e m a jo r ity o f th e s p e c ie s . T o im p r o v e UI F JE F O UJm D B UJP O UP T Q F D JF T US O ) o Q T C " B Q Q F B S F E Q S P N JT JO H B T B s e c o n d -t ie r lo c u s . T h is p a r t ic u la r r e g io n w a s a b le t o in c r e a s e t h e r e s P MV UJP O P G T Q F D JF T JE F O UJm D B UJP O T JH O Jm D B O UMZ  " T B X I P MF P V S B O B MZ T JT in d ic a te s th e p o te n tia l o f u s in g a m u ltig e n e , tie r e d a p p r o a c h fo r D N A b a r c o d in g o f c o m m o n m e d ic in a l p la n ts in M a la y s ia . S ig n i® c a n c e : A m e th o d o lo g y to id e n tify a n d a u th e n tic a te m e d ic in a l p la n t s p e c ie s is v e r y m u c h in d e m a n d in th e h e r b a l in d u s tr y . In M a la y s ia , th e N a tio n a l P h a r m a c e u t ic a l C o n t r o l B u r e a u p r o v id e s m o s t ly c h e m ic a l-b a s e d a d u lte r a n t s c r e e n in g ; th e r e fo r e , D N A b a r c o d in g a u th e n tic a tio n w o u ld b e a g o o d a d d itio n to c o m p le m e n t th e e x is tin g m e th o d s . D N A b a r c o d in g C a n a d ia n s c y p h o z o a n s K a th r y n H o tk e B io d iv e r s it y In s t it u t e o f O n t a r io , U n iv e r s it y o f G u e lp h , 5 0 S t o n e R o a d E a s t , G u e lp h , O N N 1 G 2 W 1 , C a n a d a . E -m a i l f o r c o r r e s p o n d e n c e : k h o t k e @ m a il.u o g u e lp h .c a .

B a c k g r o u n d : M e m b e r s o f th e s c y p h o z o a n g e n u s C y a n e a a r e a c o n s p ic u o u s e le m e n t o f th e m a r in e z o o p la n k to n . D e s p ite th e ir la r g e s iz e , b r o a d d is tr ib u tio n a n d a b u n d a n c e , th e ta x o n o m y o f th e g e n u s is u n c e r t a in . M a n y d e s c r ib e d t a x a h a v e b e e n s y n o n y m iz e d w it h C . c a p illa t a . " MP O H X JUI X F B L N P S Q I P MP H JD B M E F T D S JQ UJP O T UI F JE F O UJm D B UJP O P G C y a n e a s p e c im e n s is o fte n c o m p lic a te d b y s p e c im e n fr a g ility a n d p o o r ly p r e s e r v e d m u s e u m m a te r ia l. M o le c u la r a n a ly s e s h a v e b e g u n to a d v a n c e u n d e r s ta n d in g o f s p e c ie s b o u n d a r ie s in C y a n e a , a n d a ls o to B JE T Q F D JN F O JE F O UJm D B UJP O  5 I JT T UV E Z F Y B N JO F T T F R V F O D F W B S JB UJP O in th e b a r c o d e r e g io n o f C O I to a s c e r ta in th e n u m b e r o f C y a n e a s p e c ie s

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in C a n a d ia n m a r in e w a te r s . T h e e x te n t o f g e o g r a p h ic v a r ia tio n in e a c h s p e c ie s w a s e x a m in e d th r o u g h c o m p a r is o n w ith lin e a g e s o f th e C . c a p illa t a c o m p le x f r o m o t h e r r e g io n s . R e s u l t s : S e q u e n c e a n a ly s is r e W F B MF E m W F MJO F B H F T P G C . c a p illa t a s .l. w it h d if f e r in g g e o g r a p h ic a l d is t r ib u t io n s a n d s h o w in g f r o m 5 .9 % t o 1 8 .0 % d iv e r g e n c e a t C O I. S e q u e n c e v a r ia tio n w a s a ls o e x a m in e d in m ito c h o n d r ia l a n d n u c le a r g e n e r e g io n s : 1 6 S a n d in t e r n a l t r a n s c r ib e d s p a c e r 1 a n d 2 (IT S 1 a n d IT S 2 ). T h e s e r e g io n s r e v e a le d lo w e r d iv e r g e n c e s (2 .7 % – 1 0 .8 % f o r 1 6 S , 1 .3 % – 8 .3 % f o r IT S 1 , 2 .2 % – 1 1 .0 % f o r I T S 2 ), b u t a s s o c ia t e d w it h t h o s e a t C O I, s tr o n g ly s u g g e s tin g th a t e a c h c la d e r e p r e s e n ts a d iffe r e n t s p e c ie s . O n e lin e a g e s h o w s s e q u e n c e c o n g r u e n c e w it h C . c a p illa t a s .s ., w h ile a n o t h e r lin e a g e m a t c h e s C . t z e t lin ii, r e c e n t ly d e s c r ib e d f r o m t h e W h it e S e a . T h e o th e r th r e e s p e c ie s a r e lik e ly to r e p r e s e n t n a m e d ta x a th a t a r e c u r r e n t ly v ie w e d a s s y n o n y m s o f C . c a p illa t a . S i g n i ® c a n c e : I n t e r e s t JO 4 D Z Q I P [ P B I B T H S P X O E V F UP JO D S F B T F E P D D V S S F O D F T P G KF MMZ m T I b lo o m s c a u s in g a d v e r s e e c o n o m ic a n d e c o lo g ic a l e ffe c ts . T h is s tu d y E F N P O T US B UF T UI F F Gm D B D Z P G V T JO H $ 0 * C B S D P E F T GP S T D Z Q I P [ P B O T Q F  D JF T JE F O UJm D B UJP O F Y B N JO B UJP O P G Q I Z MP H F P H S B Q I JD Q B UUF S O T B T X F MM B T U P I JH I MJH I U D B T F T P G E F F Q JO U S B T Q F D Jm D E JW F S H F O D F  5 I JT X P S L W F S  Jm F T UI F O F F E GP S H S F B UF S F GGP S U JO T Q F D JF T E P D V N F O UB UJP O O P U P O MZ UP fu r th e r u n d e r s ta n d in g o f m a r in e b io d iv e r s ity , b u t a ls o to a id in c o n s e r v a tio n . T h e p h y lo g e o g r a p h y o f t h e H y a le lla a z te c a s p e c ie s c o m p le x in N o r t h A m e r ic a M a tth e w H r y c y s h y n a n d Jo n a th a n W itt U n iv e r s it y o f W a te r lo o , 2 0 0 U n iv e r s it y A v e n u e W e s t , W a te r lo o , O N , C a n a d a . C o r r e s p o n d i n g a u t h o r : M a t t h e w H r y c y s h y n (e -m a il: m jh r y c y s @ u w a t e r lo o .c a ).

B a c k g r o u n d : H y a le lla a z t e c a (o r d e r : A m p h ip o d a ) i s a m o r p h o lo g ic a ll y c r y p tic s p e c ie s c o m p le x o f fr e s h w a te r in v e r te b r a te s . T h is g r o u p w a s o n c e th o u g h t to b e a s in g le s p e c ie s w ith a d is tr ib u tio n th a t s p a n s th e N o r th A m e r ic a n c o n tin e n t. T h r o u g h th e u s e o f m o d e r n m o le c u la r te c h n iq u e s , in c lu d in g s e q u e n c in g o f th e C O I g e n e , o v e r e ig h ty d is tin c t s p e c ie s h a v e C F F O JE F O UJm F E  8 I JMF N P T U P G UI F T F H S P V Q T B S F F O E F N JD UP UI F ( S F B U B a s in , s e v e r a l o f th e m p o s s e s s m u c h la r g e r d is tr ib u tio n s th a t in c lu d e p r e v io u s ly g la c ia te d h a b ita ts . T h is s tu d y is a c o m p a r a tiv e p h y lo g e o g r a p h ic a n a ly s is o f t h e m a jo r H y a le lla lin e a g e s w it h a f o c u s o n g la c ia t e d N o r t h A m e r ic a . T h e g o a l is t o c h a r a c t e r iz e p r e s e n t -d a y d is t r ib u t io n s a n d p a t t e r n s o f m o le c u la r v a r ia t io n (u s in g C O I a n d IT S 1 g e n e s ) in o r d e r t o d e lin e a t e t h e e f f e c t s o f P le is t o c e n e v ic a r ia n c e a n d p o s t -g la c ia l d is p e r s a l. R e s u l t s : O v e r 3 0 0 0 H y a le lla w e r e c o lle c t e d f r o m a c r o s s N o r t h A m e r ic a , a n d th e d is tr ib u tio n s o f n in e m a jo r s p e c ie s w e r e c h a r a c te r iz e d . D u r in g th e P le is to c e n e g la c ia tio n s , th e s e m a jo r lin e a g e s p e r s is te d w ith in r e fu g ia s o u t h o f t h e g la c ia l lim it o r in ic e -f r e e a r e a s o f B e r in g ia a n d s u b s e q u e n t ly d is p e r s e d th r o u g h m e ltw a te r la k e s y s te m s . S e v e r a l g e n e tic p a tte r n s w e r e JE F O UJm F E X JUI JO UI F T F H S P V Q T JO D MV E JO H JT P MB UJP O C Z E JT UB O D F E F N P  g r a p h ic e x p a n s io n , a n d lo n g -d is t a n c e c o lo n iz a t io n . T h e s e p r o c e s s e s , in c o n ju n c tio n w ith d is p e r s a l fr o m m u ltip le r e fu g ia , h a v e r e s u lte d in e la b o r a te s p a tia l p a tte r n s . N o ta b ly , th e G r e a t L a k e s r e g io n h a s b e c o m e a s u t u r e z o n e w it h h a b it a t s m a in t a in in g m u lt ip le H y a le lla s p e c ie s . S i g n i ® c a n c e : M o le c u la r s tu d ie s r e m a in a c r itic a l to o l in th e c h a r a c te r iz a tio n o f s p e c ie s a n d th e a n a ly s is o f th e ir d e m o g r a p h ic h is to r ie s . T h e in tr ic a te g e n e tic a n d s p a tia l p a tte r n s o f th e H y a le lla a z te c a c o m p le x in d ic a te a n e la b o r a te h is to r y s h a p e d b y th e P le is to c e n e g la c ia tio n s . T h is s tu d y fu r th e r s o u r u n d e r s ta n d in g o f th e r e c o lo n iz a tio n o f g la c ia te d r e g io n s b y fr e s h w a te r in v e r te b r a te s . R e c e n t t r e n d s in b io -d iv e r s it y c o n s e r v a t io n M o n te H u m m e l W o r ld W ild life F u n d C a n a d a , B e e t o n , O n t a r io , C a n a d a . E -m a i l f o r c o r r e s p o n d e n c e : m h u m m e l@ W W F C a n a d a .o r g .

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