Scientific Papers and Reminiscences

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Jan 23, 2016 - Trapping it softly: ultrasoft zirconium metallogels for macromolecule entrapment and reconfiguration,. A. Sheikhi and T.G.M. van de Ven, ACS ...
Scientific Papers and Reminiscences Festschrift Book in Honour of Theo van de Ven

1976 - Four Decades of Dedication - 2016

Dear friends and colleagues, I would like to thank very much all of you who have given presentations at the Festschrift dinner organized in my honor. It was an unforgettable event, which touched me tremendously. I immensely appreciated the humorous way you gave presentations on various aspects of my life and career. Also I would like to thank the organizers of this event: Roger Gaudreault, Paul Stuart and Colleen McNamee, who worked tirelessly to make this event a success. I equally would like to thank those who contributed to the Festschrift Symposium, including PAPTAC for including the Festschrift Symposium in the program of their annual meeting and promoting the event. Last but not least, extra special thanks to Roger Gaudreault who was the driving force behind organizing the Festschrift Event and who spent many lonely hours making sure that everyone provides him with material for the Festschrift Symposium, J-JOR Special Issue and this Book. Thank you very, very much. Theo

TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial and Welcome...............................................................................................................P. 3 Theo van de Ven Symposium Power-Points...........................................................................P. 4 Abstracts from J-FOR’s Theo van de Ven Special issue.........................................................P. 39 Reminescences...........................................................................................................................P. 48 Banquet photos and Power-Point..........................................................................................P. 53 Theo Curriculum Vitae...........................................................................................................P. 85 Sponsors’ Logos.......................................................................................................................P. 102

ISBN #: 978-1-77289-001-3

THEO: A Lifetime of Outstanding Contributions to Academia and Industry In February 2016, The Festschrift Committee along with the Pulp and Paper Technical Association of Canada (PAPTAC) hosted a special event to celebrate Dr. Theo van de Ven’s illustrious career and his numerous scientific and industrial contributions in the fields of colloids, polymers, papermaking and cellulose science – all of which are highly relevant to the forest/pulp & paper industry. This Festschrift book in honour of Theo van de Ven summarizes the overall event. Theo began his illustrious career at McGill University 45 years ago as a PhD student of Stan Mason’s at the Pulp and Paper Research Centre. He graduated with a doctorate in Science and a passion for colloid science and forestry. Theo joined Paprican (now FPInnovations) in 1981 as a researcher and eventually became a Professor in the Department of Chemistry, McGill. He was the Director of the Pulp and Paper Research Centre, held an NSERC/ FPInnovations IRC Chair. He is presently Director of the NSERC Innovative Green Wood Fibre Products Network, Chair of FIBRE, and is the Director of CSACS, the Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures. Over the years, Theo has supervised approximately 150 students and post-doctoral fellows. In 2015, seven students graduated from his research group, the most PhD graduates in one year of his career. His students have always regarded him with admiration, respect and fondness. They are impressed by his ability to deal with various research initiatives and yet he always makes himself available to them and returns edited articles the next day! Dr. van de Ven has worked tirelessly to build the Canadian forestry education sector, creating strong ties to industry and government. In 2009, NSERC and FPInnovations announced the creation of FIBRE (over 100 professors and 400 post-doctoral and graduate students from across Canada) to forge industry transformational opportunities and collaborations in Canadian forestry research. As Chair of FIBRE, Theo was a voice of the forest university sector in government and assists FPAC and NRCan with their lobbying for support of university research. Looking to the future, Theo is continuing his research with FPInnovations on cellulose textiles and hydrogels, and has also added several newly funded research projects. Celebrating his 70th birthday in 2016, Theo proves that age is only a state of mind. I would like to acknowledge the exceptional contribution of all authors and contributors of this event. Special thanks to Professor Paul Stuart, from École Polytechnique de Montréal, as co-organizer and co-chair of the Festschrift event, the participants to the Banquet, including Theo’s family, the speakers at the Symposium, and the students at the Poster Session. I also want to thank Mrs. Colleen McNamee for her outstanding support for organizing such a delightful event. Finally, I hope you will enjoy reading this Festschrift Book summarizing Theo’s lifetime of outstanding contributions to academia and industry, and that Theo will find lots enjoyable and unforgettable memories. Roger

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Theo van de Ven Festschrift Symposium Tuesday, February 2, 2016 Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal, QC, Canada Theme: Colloid Science

8:45 – 9:00 9:00 – 9:30 9:30 – 10:00 10:00 – 10:30 10:30 – 11:00 11:00 – 11:30 11:30 – 12:00 12:00 – 1:30

Welcome – Session Chair: Roger Gaudreault, TGWT Clean Technologies Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada “Theo van de Ven’s Role in Canadian Paper Chemistry Research: A Brief History” Bob Pelton Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario “Microfluidics Origins – Colloidal Hydrodynamics”, Andrei Dukhin, Dispersion Technology Inc., Bedford Hills, New York Coffee Break “Advanced Nanomaterials: Mimicking Natural Processes” Cecile Malardier-Jugroot, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario “Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions display a 3-D “Technicolour CoffeeStain” Effect on Drying”, Derek Gray, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec “Soft Matter with Cellulose Nanocrystals” Yaman Boluk, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Lunch

Theme: Paper and Cellulose Chemistry and Green Industry Transformation

Session Chair: Paul Stuart, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada 1:30 – 2:00 2:00 – 2:30 2:30 – 3:00 3:00 – 3:30 3:30 – 4:00 4:00 – 4:30 4:30

“Canadian University Research: The FIBRE Awakens", Dave McDonald, Consultant and FIBRE Senior Advisor, Montreal, QC, Canada “Engineering cellulosic paper for diversified uses”, Peter Englezos, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Pulp and Paper Centre, The University of British Columbia “Molecular Origins of Twists in Cellulosic Materials”, Kevin Conley, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Coffee Break “Absorbent Spun Fibres from Chemically Modified Wood Cellulose”, Alois Vanerek, FPInnovations, Pointe Claire, Quebec “Reminiscences of a Paper Chemist: Past Trends and Future Directions”, Theo van de Ven, Department of Chemistry, Pulp and Paper Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec “Concluding Remarks”, Dr. Roger Gaudreault,

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Festschrift in Honour of Theo van de Ven

Festschrift Definition?

Presentation by R. Gaudreault

According to Wikipedia, in academia, a Festschrift is a book honoring a respected person, especially an academic, and presented during his or her lifetime.

Honouring 40 years of Commitment to University Research and Industry Collaborations

Pour honorer 40 ans d’engagement à la Recherche Universitaire et la collaboration avec l’industrie.

Festschrift Logo

The students

Design by Martin-John Hearty

Ostwald-Kolloquium 2004 Germany

My Mentors (Darwin & Theo)

Pelton being Bob!

Theo and colleagues drinking…

Theo van de Ven Festschrift

What's next?

Special thank you to the Festschrift Sponsors! Merci spécial à nos commanditaires du Festschrift

Theo van de Ven National Student Poster Sessions Festschrift Book JFOR Theo van de Ven Special Issue Theo 70th birthday/anniversaire!

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The Two Faces of Theo

Theo van de Ven’s Role in Canadian Paper Chemistry Research - a Brief History

Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde • Paper chemistry expert • Understands scary • New cellulosic materials mathematics • Educated many industry • ”The Expert” in colloidal hydrodynamics leaders • A senior member of the • Driving force behind international colloid FIBRE science community • The guy who asks difficult questions in conferences

Robert Pelton McMaster University

The Book

Productivity • Van De Ven, T., Colloidal Hydrodynamics. Academic Press: London, 1989; p 582

• > 300 peer-reviewed publications • What’s with last year?

Impact – ISI Citations

The Golden Oldies

• Strong, consistent impact.

Awards

Theo – An Enthusiastic Educator

• 1998 Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada • ACS Award in Colloid and Surface Chemistry • Visiting professorships in Bristol and Leiden • Sir William C. Macdonald Chair in Chemistry, McGill

• Organized and judged many poster sessions • Organized conferences • Takes his students to conferences • FIBRE

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• Former students and post docs have key industry and university positions around the world.

The Dark Ages < 1975 • Canadian Industry booming • Newsprint and kraft pulp were the main industries. • Most wet-end chemistry research focused on fine Essentially no wet-end chemistry in paper

Canadian (Academic) WetEnd Chemistry Research

Canadian academia or at Paprican in • US, Scandinavia Chemical suppliers the •Dark Ages!

• In Canada – Robertson was the main academic player, Allen at Paprican

Typical Topics Tappi Papermakers Conference 1978

Driving Force In Canada

• Zeta potential for controlling wet-end • Sizing chemistry • Conversion to alkaline papermaking • Filler retention

Wet & Dry Strength

Canadian Academic Wet-end Chemistry

• Pitch problems in newsprint • Very poor fines retention in the new twin wire newsprint machines

Canadian Academic Research Intensity – My Guess

New Materials & Products

High

Intensity

Deinking Filler Retention in Mechanical Pulps Newsprint Fines Retention PEO/cofactor

Wet-end Chemistry

Low

Pitch and Stickies Control

FIBRE Mechanical Wood Networks Pulps NCE

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

PEO and Retention 1995-2007

Polyethylenimine

• 1995 Association-lnduced

• 1993 Stability of Clay

Polymer Bridging: New Insights into the Retention of Fillers with PEO. T.G.M. van de Ven and B. Alince

• 2007 Pilot paper machine trials on retention of fresh and recirculated fines with a PEO/cofactor retention aid system, M.R. Wu, T.G.M. van de Ven and J. Paris

• Modeling PEO-cofactor interactions (Gaudreault) • Solution properties of PEO (Polverari) – decomposition vs untangling • Flocculation modeling – competing groups – Lindstrom, Pelton

Suspensions -Effect of pH and Polyethylenimine. B. Alince and T.G.M. van de Ven

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• Many contributions to understanding the polymer adsorption on wood fibres. • Insights into pore structure of fibre surfaces.

Deinking

Sizing

• 1998 Effect of Deinking

Chemicals on the Deposition of Fines and Fillers on an Air- Water Interface. O. Drabek, J. Sterne and T.G.M. van de Ven • 2001 Deinking of recycled fibres in a flotation flow loop. T.G.M. van de Ven, C.P. Sauvé and G. Garnier

• Only publications

• 2000 Efficiency of AKD

sizing in mixed hardwoodsoftwood furnishes. P. Ramamurthy, A. Vanerek, T.G.M. van de Ven • 2009 From sizing agents to advanced nanomaterials, T.G.M. van de Ven, T.D. Lazzara and M.A. Whitehead

• Styrene copolymers (Garnier)

Wet-web Strength

van de Ven Generalizations

• 2008 The role of fibre

• Mixture of theory, measurements on ideal systems, more applied work • Early days – mainly fundamentals • Today – a lot of materials research

entanglement in the strength of wet papers, M.H. de Oliveira, M. Maric, and T.G.M. van de Ven, Nord. Pulp Paper Res. J. 23(4), 426-431 (2008).

• 2009 Effects of fillers on the

wet web strength of paper, M.H. de Oliveira, A. Tejado, and T.G.M. van de Ven, Nord. Pulp Paper Res. J. 24(2), 141-147 (2009)

van de Ven – as a Role Model

Pelton and van de Ven • Networks • Trips • Mutual support

• Shown that academic chemists can work on practical problems and publish in high impact journals.

http://www.papersci.mcmaster.ca

That’s It!

Copyright Robert Pelton

• Wide variety of topics • Early work on biological systems

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Microfluidics origins – Colloidal hydrodynamics Andrei Dukhin

1. Dukhin, A. S. and Theo G. M. van de Ven. “A Spherical Particle Surrounded by a Thin Double Layer in a Simple Shear Flow”, J. Colloid and Interface Sci.,158, 85-95 (1993) 2. Dukhin, A. S. and Theo G. M. van de Ven, “Trajectories of a Charged Tracer Particle around a Charged Sphere in a Shear Flow”, J. Fluid Mech., 263, 185-205 (1994) 3. Dukhin, A. S. and Theo G. M. van de Ven, “Electrokinetic Characterization of Polydisperse Colloidal Particles”, J. Colloid and Interface Sci., 165, 9-18 (1994) 4. Dukhin, A. S. “Biospecifical Mechanism of Double Layer Formation in Living Biological Cells and Peculiarities of Cell Electrophoresis”. Colloids and Surfaces, 73, 29-48 (1993)

Dispersion Technology Inc. Bedford Hills, NY 10507, USA www.dispersion.com

5. Dukhin, A. S., Goetz, P.J. and Theo G.M. van de Ven, “Ultrasonic characterization of proteins and blood cells”, Colloids and Surfaces B, 52, 121-126 (2006)

…Microfluidics deals with the behavior, precise control and manipulation of fluids that are geometrically constrained to a small, typically sub-millimeter, scale…. …flow behavior of colloidal dispersions ….

These technologies are based on the manipulation of continuous liquid flow through microfabricated channels. Actuation of liquid flow is implemented by either of 1. external pressure sources, external mechanical micro-pumps 2. electrokinetic mechanisms : mixing, pumping, dispensing

…colloidal particles are subjected to a hydrodynamic flow ….

To date, the most successful commercial application of microfluidics is the inkjet printhead. Significant research has also been applied to microfluidic synthesis and production of various bio-functionalized nanoparticles

Pressure driven Microfluidics

Wikipedia

Parabolic Velocity profile in a microchannel with aspect ratio 2:5 under conditions of pressure driven flow.

Both, Microfluidics and Colloidal Hydrodynamics study flow of liquids that contain particles.

Problems common for Microfluidics and Colloidal Hydrodynamics:

Motion of the particle in the microchannel flow. Van de Ven, Mason , 1976

Interaction of particles in a shear flow. Ortokinetic coagulation.

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Uncharged particles. (Mason, Cox, Adler, Arp 1968-1981) There are 2 types of trajectories – open and closed. Two particles approaching from infinity cannot come closer than Dmin.

Charged particle in shear flow. (van de Ven , A.Dukhin 1992, 1993) Shear flow generates Electric field of quadrupole symmetry around the particle. This Electric field cause Electrophoresis of other particles, which affects trajectories of their relative motion.

Problems common for Microfluidics and Colloidal Hydrodynamics: Interaction of particles with wall of the channel . Deposition.

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Classification of collectors and flow fields

Undisturbed flow fields near collectors.

Chapter 6. van de Ven, Colloidal Hydrodynamics.

a) Rotating disc b) Continuous moving wire or sheet c) Plate in uniform flow d) Sphere in uniform flow e) Cylinder in uniform flow f) Channel, flat or cylinder g) Stagnation point flow collector h) Sphere or cylinder in shear flow

Electric field driven Microfluidics

Electric field driven Microfluidics

Open channel. Plug flow – for dispensing.

Electric field

Closed channel. Electrosmotic circulation – for mixing.

Electrosmosis – liquid flow in micro-channels, capillary Electrophoresis – charged particles motion due to electric field

Electric field driven Microfluidics

Advantages of electrokinetic PLUG flow is that the blunt velocity profile avoids many of the diffusion non-uniformities that occur with pressure driven flow.

….Disadvantage of electrokinetic flow is the variability in surface properties. Proteins, for example, can adsorb to the walls, substantially change the surface charge characteristics and, thereby, change the fluid velocity. This can result in unpredictable long-term time dependencies in the fluid flow….

Electrokinetic transport of a Plug

Dukhin, A. S. and Theo G. M. van de Ven, “Electrokinetic Characterization of Polydisperse Colloidal Particles”, J. Colloid and Interface Sci., 165, 9-18 (1994)

Pressure driven transport

Dukhin, A. S. and Theo G. M. van de Ven, “Electrokinetic Characterization of Polydisperse Colloidal Particles”, J. Colloid and Interface Sci., 165, 9-18 (1994)

Induced charged Microfluidics and Electrocoagulation Dukhin, A. S. “Biospecifical Mechanism of Double Layer Formation in Living Biological Cells and Peculiarities of Cell Electrophoresis”. Colloids and Surfaces, 73, 29-48 (1993) Conclusion 1. Living cells Double Layer occur NOT only due adsorption and dissociation, but also by the work of electrogenic ionic pumps. Conclusion 2. Electric field induces electric charge on the biological cells, metal particles, which causes their non-linear electrophoresis.

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Electric field driven Coagulation

Nanotechnology and Pulp and Paper Potential impact of research in nanotechnology: - pulp and paper - fiber-based products - wood composites - production processes, and - functional lignocellulosics

Advanced Nanomaterials: mimicking natural processes

• functionalization of the cellulose nanofibrils to control the surface hydrophobicity of the paper

C. Malardier-Jugroot

Theo Festschrift Symposium, 2016

• modification of cellulose nanofibrils to improve the strength of the paper Gary Chinga Carrasco, Nanoscale Research Letters 2011, 6:417 Nanotechnology 2 Applications in the Forest Sector, Resource Canada Report, 2009

Natural processes difficult to recreate

Natural processes difficult to recreate Enzyme structure provides nanoscale reaction spaces which increase substrate concentration and reactivity. Very efficient, but complex function can be disrupted by pH, heat, ionic strength. Understanding confinement can allow us to perform rapid, green chemistry in robust artificial analogues.

…but doing so could have dramatic effects. Royal Military College of Canada

Royal Military College of Canada

3

Outline:

Raynal et al. Chem Soc. Rev. 2014

Experimental results: water dynamics

Template

Evolution has optimized enzymes to perform reactions in water, yet ~50% of enzyme surfaces feature hydrophobic side groups

Confinement system Nanoreactors

Amphiphilicity of the superstructure may serve a function in the reaction processes it hosts.

Targeted drug delivery Conclusion Royal Military College of Canada

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Royal Military College of Canada

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Johnson et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2008 Patel, A. J Phys. Chem. B 2010

Experimental results: water dynamics

Template Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) is an amphiphilic co-polymer

Water confined with an amphiphilic peptide shows splitting of its diffusion coefficient

Internal hydrogen bonds create linear structure at neutral pH.

Simulation shows lower water density next to hydrophobic surface, equal to bulk at ~1.5nm Royal Military College of Canada

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Johnson et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2008 Patel, A. J Phys. Chem. B 2010

Royal Military College of Canada

Template

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Malardier-Jugroot et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005

Confinement

SMA self-assembles into nanotubes or nanosheets with ~3nm hydrophobic interior spaces

Pyrrole polymerization is not spontaneous in the bulk liquid but becomes so under confinement in SMA. The synthesis method is catalyzed by platinum nanocrystals within the SMA bilayer.

350 kDa

4 kDa Royal Military College of Canada

Malardier-Jugroot et al. Langmuir 2005 McTaggart et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2015

Royal Military College of Canada

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Confinement

10 Groves et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2014 McTaggart et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2015

Confinement

Platinum(II) chloride

Nanocrystal synthesis, size, and shape is independent of pH.

PtCl2 was found to reduce to uniform, < 3nm platinum nanocrystals within the SMA structure.

SMA system is stabilized by bonding with platinum.

No reducing agent was necessary. Royal Military College of Canada

Groves et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2014 11 McTaggart et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2015

Royal Military College of Canada

Confinement

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Interaction energy = 255 kJ∙mol-1 Groves et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2014 McTaggart et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2015

Nanoreactors Gold(I) chloride

Water confined in the hydrophobic reactionphase space Mapping confined water to its supercritical would have higher velocity and lower density. explain changes to thermodynamics of organic reactivity and nanocrystal synthesis.

Unlike platinum, gold bonds to SMA’s hydrophilic outer surface. The method produces stable, atomically-thin, hexagonal close packed single crystal gold nanosheets

Interaction energy = 20 kJ∙mol-1 Royal Military College of Canada

van 13 Bennekom et al. DOI: 10.5772/53691 Hayashi et al. Materials 2010

Royal Military College of Canada

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McTaggart et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2015

Nanoreactors

Nanoreactors Parameter SLDsolid SLDsolv

Bi-layer

Small angle neutron scattering confirms the gold nanosheets are 2.68 Å thick, consistent with the atomic diameter.

SMA-Au pH7 1.87e-06 6.38e-06

Spacing s (Å) 5 nm

Thickness t (Å) Layers n (N)

Disk

SLDsolid SLDsolv Radius a (Å) Radius b (Å) Radius c (Å) Quality of fit (χ2/n)

Royal Military College of Canada

SEM image of Au-SMA film revealed plates 500nm in diameter.

8.04 95.64

The 120° angles indicate that the hcp crystal structure, and therefore its ultrathin dimension, is likely maintained.

7.23 4.66e-06 6.38e-06 2.68 162.04 266.78 3.7

500 nm

Royal Military College of Canada

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McTaggart et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2015

Nanoreactors

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McTaggart et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2015

Nanoreactors We have developed a supramolecular nanostructure that hosts and catalyzes non-spontaneous reactions in aqueous solution.

The synthesis method is catalyzed by platinum nanocrystals within the SMA bilayer.

5 nm

Royal Military College of Canada

17 Groves et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2014 McTaggart et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2015

Royal Military College of Canada

Nanoreactors

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McTaggart et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2015

Nanoreactors

We have developed a supramolecular nanostructure that hosts and catalyzes non-spontaneous reactions in aqueous solution.

We have developed a supramolecular nanostructure that hosts and catalyzes non-spontaneous reactions in aqueous solution. Applications under investigation: Organic synthetic methods Core-shell nanoclusters Detoxification Fuel cell technologies

Royal Military College of Canada

Royal Military College of Canada

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McTaggart et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2015

Targeted Drug Delivery

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McTaggart et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2015

Targeted Drug Delivery

Drug delivery Passive Targeting

Active Targeting

Stimuli responsive

Leaky vasculature

Carbohydrate targeted

Thermal

Tumor microenvironment

Receptor targeted

Light

Anti-body targeted

pH

Enhanced Permeability and Retention effect Royal Military College of Canada

Folate

2,4-diaminobutyric acid ( DABA) linker

SMA

Royal Military College of Canada

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Targeted Drug Delivery

Targeted Drug Delivery 1,6 1,4 cells alone

1,2 1

0.3 µM FADABA-SMA

0,8 0,6

1 µM FADABA-SMA

0,4

3 µM FADABA-SMA

0,2 0

Lower pH

24 hours

48 hours

72 hours

Low toxicity of the functionalized polymer High efficiency of the delivery: nucleus

1 0,9 0,8

cells lone

0,7 0,6

0.3 µM Cur/FA-SMA

0,5

2nm

0,4

1 µM Cur/FASMA

0,3

“Off” state

3 µM Cur/FASMA

0,2

“On” state

0,1 0 24 Hr

Royal Military College of Canada

48 Hr

Royal Military College of Canada

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72 Hr

24

The systems developed here show great potential as robust enzyme-like nanoreactors, as well as a source of a monoatomic gold sheets.

The targeted drug delivery vehicle obtained through functionalization of the polymer combined passive, active and stimuli responsive targeting.

Confinement chemistry methods may continue to reveal new and environmentally-friendly organic and inorganic syntheses as well as deep insights to natural confined processes.

The resulting vehicle shows great promise for cancer drug delivery with a very efficient delivery to the nucleus in the preliminary in vitro testing.

Royal Military College of Canada

Royal Military College of Canada

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Acknowlegments Students: • Dr. Michel Groves • Dr. Deborah Durbin • Ms. Anita Chan • Ms Xia Li • Mr. Matt McTaggart

Questions

Collaborators and facilities • Dr M. Jugroot (RMC) • NIST Center for Neutron Research • Canadian Light Sources • Canadian center for electron microscopy

Royal Military College of Canada

Royal Military College of Canada

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Overview

Iridescent reflection from cellulose nanocrystal films Factors controlling chiral nematic pitch and reflection colour Droplet evaporation on surfaces

Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Pulp and Paper Building

Coffee-stain effect Stick-slip phenomenon

Cellulose nanocrystal suspensions display a 3-D “technicolor coffee-stain” effect on drying Xiaoyue (Luna) Mu and Derek G. Gray Theo van de Ven Festschrift Symposium, Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal February 2, 2016

CHEMISTRY

McGill University



The helicoidal structure in the films cast from cellulose nanocrystal suspensions is left-handed, and the pitch is longer than the wavelength of visible light.



The reflection colour of these films can be controlled by simply adding a little salt to the deionized suspension!



In suspension, adding salt decreases the chiral nematic pitch.

The process of chiral nematic film formation is not well understood. Back to basics:Watch what happens when droplets of CNC suspension evaporates on a flat surface! Simple experiment: •Deposit droplets of aqueous suspensions containing 5 wt% CNC and increasing glucose contents (0%, 1wt%, 3wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%) on black 2.5 x 7.5 mm acrylic sheets Rationale: •Iridescent colours are more easily seen against a black background.

Mixture of planchettes cut from films prepared with different NaCl concentrations, thus giving different reflection wavelengths

•Glucose should have no specific interaction with the cellulose nanocrystals. 0%

1%

3%

5%

10%

Revol et al., Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 1992, 14, 170-172. Dong et al., Langmuir 1996, 12, 2076-2082. Revol et al., J. Pulp Paper Sci. 1998, 24, 146-149. CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

McGill University

Consider change of chiral nematic pitch with CNC concentration

Allow water to evaporate

Starting droplets

4 Isotropic Region

After 4.0 hours

A

B

3.5

log10 P After 5.3 hours 3 Visible reflection band

2.5

After 24 hours

Ca

0 0%

1%

3%

5%

10%

Isotropic Region

A

B

Isotropic Region

A

B

At B, increasing concentration produces a power-law decrease in P At C’, gel formation begins to prevent changes in P

3

0

C’

Ca

Ccnc

FROM Mu, X.; Gray, D. G. Langmuir 2014, 30 (31), 9256-9260. Figure 3

CHEMISTRY

Concentration where sample is completely chiral nematic (A-B is biphasic region)

3.5

3

Ci

E’

Concentration where chiral nematic phase starts to form

log10 P

2.5

Cgs McGill University

4

log10 P

Visible reflection band

Cgl

McGill University

Concentration where sample is completely chiral nematic (A-B is biphasic region)

3.5

Ccnc

D’

FROM Mu, X.; Gray, D. G. Langmuir 2014, 30 (31), 9256-9260. Figure 3

CHEMISTRY

Concentration where chiral nematic phase starts to form

4

Ci

C’

Cgl

D’

E’

Visible reflection band

2.5

Cgs

0

Ca

Ci

Ccnc

FROM Mu, X.; Gray, D. G. Langmuir 2014, 30 (31), 9256-9260. Figure 3

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

C’

D’

Cgl

Cgs

E’

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

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Two-stage process: Summary

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

Concentration where chiral nematic phase starts to form

4 Isotropic Region

A

B

Results from glucose addition confirm that formation of chiral nematic films from cellulose nanocrystal suspensions is a two-stage process.

Concentration where sample is completely chiral nematic (A-B is biphasic region)

3.5

Addition of glucose causes a decrease in P in the suspension. Addition of glucose causes an increase in P in the final film. Two distinct processes are involved:An equilibrium change in pitch in suspension as the concentration of CNC is increased during evaporation A freezing-in of pitch caused by gelation and/or glass formation.

At B, increasing concentration produces a power-law decrease in P

log10 P

At C’, gel formation begins to prevent changes in P

3 Visible reflection band

2.5 0

Ca

Ci

Ccnc

C’

D’

Cgl

Cgs

E’

At D’, P is essentially fixed in a glassy state

FROM Mu, X.; Gray, D. G. Langmuir 2014, 30 (31), 9256-9260. Figure 3

Xiaoyue Mu and Derek G. Gray, Langmuir, 30(31), 9256–9260 (2014)

There is something strange about the colours observed for these evaporating drops of CNC suspension.

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

Image of CNC dried film on a black acrylic surface. Droplet diameter, 6.5 mm.

Chiral nematic solutions of cellulosic samples, prepared on glass slides, show shorter pitch colours at the edge of the samples. • The pitch decreases with increasing polymer concentration. • Evaporation generates a concentration gradient increasing towards the edge. Longer wavelengths towards edge of sample

Shorter wavelengths towards edge of sample

Why the difference ? FROM Gray, D.; Mu, X., Materials 2015, 8 (11), 5427. Figure 7

FROM Gray, D.; Mu, X., Materials 2015, 8 (11), 5427. Figure 7 (left) Mu, X.; Gray, D. GCellulose 2015, 22 (2), 1103-1107. Figure 2 (right)

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

Evaporation direction is different for covered and open droplets This doesn’t explain why the droplet colours are reversed However, the iridescent material left on the surface by the evaporating droplets wasn’t flat. Covered droplet Evaporation from edge of sample

Open droplet

The thickness profile of the solid after evaporation was quantified by profilometry. Two different methods were used:

Evaporation from surface of sample

CHEMISTRY



Contact profilometry (Ambios XP200)



Optical profilometry (Wyko NT8000)

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

McGill University

Open droplet, pinned contact line

In this situation, the diameter of the droplet on the surface remains constant, while the contact angle decreases during evaporation. This situation leads to the “coffee-stain effect”

Stages in droplet evaporation producing “Coffee-stain effect”; (a) Water evaporates from droplet of CNC suspension on surface (b) Evaporation-driven mass transfer of CNC to edge of droplet with pinned contact line (c) Different thicknesses and concentrations of drying gel give a range of iridescent colors Deegan, R. D.; Bakajin, O.; Dupont, T. F.; Huber, G.; Nagel, S. R.; Witten, T. A. Capillary flow as the cause of ring stains from dried liquid drops. Nature 1997, 389, 827–829. CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

McGill University

17

Cross-section of dried droplet, showing thick ring at edge

Contact Profilometry

Cross-section of film generated by evaporation of 5.2 wt% CNC suspension on an acrylic surface. The vertical scale is 40 x horizontal scale. FROM Mu, X.; Gray, D. G., Cellulose 2015, 22 (2), 1103-1107. Figure 3

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

McGill University

Rationale for ring color for CNC films formed by evaporation of pinned sessile drops. • At edge of droplet (a), evaporation-driven mass transfer causes an increase of CNC concentration, leading to thickening of the film, and to the onset of gelation, freezing in the chiral nematic pitch at red wavelengths. • The initially depleted CNC concentration in the centre (b) allows the chiral nematic pitch to decrease to shorter wavelengths before the freezing-in of the pitch. Films cast from droplets of 5.2% CNC suspensions, with (a) 1%, (b) 3%, (c) 5% and (d) 10% added glucose. Diameter, ~ 7.5 mm. (Nikon SMZ-U) X. Mu and D.G. Gray Cellulose, 22(2), 1103-1107 (2015)

CHEMISTRY

FROM Mu, X.; Gray, D. G., Cellulose 2015, 22 (2), 1103-1107. Figure 4 (right) and 5 (left)

McGill University

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

The experiment was repeated with a new batch of cellulose nanocrystals.

The results were rather different • No reflection band colours were observed • The coffee-stain effect was almost non-existent However, when the droplets were placed on a glass surface and viewed by polarized light microscopy, the transmitted image showed very beautiful structure… Image shows polarized light micrographs (crossed polars, red wave plate) of a film cast on glass from a 6% suspension of CNC-L sample

CNC film L 6%

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

20x-edge

FROM Gray, D.; Mu, X., Materials 2015, 8 (11), 5427. Figure 14

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

Bands Black lines between bands FROM Gray, D.; Mu, X., Materials 2015, 8 (11), 5427. Figure 13

CHEMISTRY

FROM Gray, D.; Mu, X., Materials 2015, 8 (11), 5427. Figure 15

McGill University

18

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

Optical profilometry, gold-coated film

Centre

Edge

Optical profilometry, uncoated film

Optical profilometer shows concentric rings of different thicknesses. Possible effect of birefringent CNC on optical interferometer?

Clearly shows concentric steps and cracks in film deposited by CNC droplet CHEMISTRY

FROM Gray, D.; Mu, X., Materials 2015, 8 (11), 5427. Figure 16

McGill University

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

Open droplet, pinned contact line (initial sample)

Open droplet, stick-slip contact line

Open droplet, stick-slip contact line (repeat)

Why the two different behaviours? Polarized light microscopy and optical profilometry show concentric layers. Hypothesis: layers laid down by consecutive stick-slip movements of contact line. Small “coffee-stain) deposits at edge of each layer. D.G. Gray and X. Mu, Materials 8(11), 7873-7888 (2015

•Not certain, but probably not due to the substrate surfaces. •Conductometric titrations showed that the second CNC sample had lower surface charge (149 mmol/kg) and hence lower colloidal stability than the initial sample (196 mmol/kg). CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

McGill University

Conclusions

The evaporation of ordered suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals leads to a rich range of ordering phenomena in the resulting films. •Evaporation-driven mass transfer leads to a build-up of CNC at the edge of the evaporating droplet, resulting in iridescent coloured rings. •The ring colours are in accord with a two-stage model for control of chiral nematic pitch. •When contact-line pinning is weak, CNC is deposited in concentric layers that differ in orientational order.

Financial support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada (NSERC) Discovery grant and Synergy Award are gratefully acknowledged

Many questions remain!

CHEMISTRY

McGill University

Congratulations Theo!

19

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) • Nanosized rod-shape particles • Stability is tunable Electrostatic (counter ion presence) Steric (polymer presence) • Grafting and surface tailoring • Semi-commercially available • Non-toxic

Soft Matter with Cellulose Nanocrystals Yaman Boluk Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta and National Institute of Nanotechnology (NINT) Edmonton. AB. Canada

• • • • • • •

THEO Theo van de Ven Festschrift Symposium February 2, 2016 Montreal, QC

Dilute

Semi - dilute

1/L3150

NA

Hydrophilic

854

Wire Side

Felt

Z-direction

Wire

Janus Silica Filled Handsheets

80

644

Handsheet/Janus Filler two-layer deposition

>160

(not measured yet)

Handsheet/Filler/DCDMS

141

653

>160

383

Felt Side

Handsheet/Janus Filler in pulp suspension/DCDMS

19

Filler Distribution

Janus filler deposition creates SHB surface but small effect on WVTR Sample

Englezos, P., CHBE, UBC

Wire Side

Felt

Z-direction

Wire van de Ven Festschrift, Montreal, 2-2-2016

Englezos, P., CHBE, UBC

van de Ven Festschrift, Montreal, 2-2-2016

20

29

Englezos, P., CHBE, UBC

21

SUPERCAPACITORS

http://news.mit.edu/2015/nanowire-supercapacitors-energy-boost-0707

SUPERCAPACITORS

S.M. Mirvakili et al, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 13882-13888, 2015 van de Ven Festschrift, Montreal, 2-2-2016

Englezos, P., CHBE, UBC

Cellulosic separator

van de Ven Festschrift, Montreal, 2-2-2016

22

Fibre Size in Pulp Suspension (µm) 977 561 339 177 Kim wipes

100 µm

Englezos, P., CHBE, UBC

van de Ven Festschrift, Montreal, 2-2-2016

24

179 60 11 9 104

10 µm

60 58 12 10 20

100 µm

10 µm

Electrolyte uptake (%)

Tensile Strength (Nm/g)

209 151 264 602 200

53.5 104.7 36.6 70.9 4.9

10 µm

100 µm

Englezos, P., CHBE, UBC

25

• • • • • •

Negar Mirvakili, PhD candidate, UBC Dr. Savvas Hatzikiriakos, UBC Dr. Huining Xiao, UNBC Dr. Mark Martinez, UBC Dr. Ruud van Ommen, Delft Univ. of Technology Dr. John Madden (UBC), Dr. Ian Hunter (MIT) and Seyed Mirvakili, PhD Candidate (UBC, MIT) • FUNDING

 Demonstrated that Paper is an effective material for high-performance Supercapacitors from Nb Nanowire Yarns  Fabricated superhydrophobic paper with small Contact Angle Hysteresis  Refining of wood fibres and plus ALD enables fabrication of paper with 2 g/(m2.day) WVTR  Dual functional fillers (Janus Fillers) can be incorporated in paper to

– FIBRE – NSERC

fabricate “Janus paper”

Englezos, P., CHBE, UBC

van de Ven Festschrift, Montreal, 2-2-2016

26

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION van de Ven Festschrift, Montreal, 2-2-2016

Thickness of Grammage Sheet (µm) (g/m2)

Engineering cellulosic paper for diversified uses - Acknowledgements

Concluding Remarks

van de Ven Festschrift, Montreal, 2-2-2016

23

Cellulose-based Separators –best Performance

Kim wipes fibres

Refined pulps fibres

van de Ven Festschrift, Montreal, 2-2-2016

Englezos, P., CHBE, UBC

Englezos, P., CHBE, UBC

28

30

Englezos, P., CHBE, UBC

27

Structure of Cellulosic Materials 175 years since its discovery by Anselme Payen • β(1→4) linked D-glucose units • Arranged in crystalline and amorphous

regions

Molecular origins of twists in cellulosic materials

Unanswered Questions

Kevin Conley, Louis Godbout, M.A. (Tony) Whitehead, Theo G.M. van de Ven Department of Chemistry, Pulp and Paper Research Centre McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Why are there periodic amorphous regions in cellulosic materials? Why are liquid crystals from cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) chiral nematic rather than nematic? Why can’t small cellulose nanocrystals be isolated? What causes twists which are observed on many length-scales?

Evidence of Twist in Crystalline Cellulose

Structure of Cellulosic Materials

1. Direct Observation

Chirality of cellulose is an incomplete explanation Jean-Francois Revol proposed cellulose nanocrystals have a right-handed twist*

600 nm

Microscopy: Cellulose nanocrystals Cellulose nanofibers

Helical ordering of fibers

Hanley et al. Cellulose, 1997, 4, 209-220

Fundamental topic with many implications Partially oxidized bacterial cellulose fiber

*Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 1992, 14, 170-172 Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 1993, 15, 329-335 Macromolecules, 1998, 31, 5717-5725

Ironwood tree

Evidence of Twist in Crystalline Cellulose

Evidence of Twist in Crystalline Cellulose

2. Indirect through interpretation of liquid crystal properties

3. Molecular Modelling Minimum energy state is a right-handed twisted crystal

Matthews et al. Carbohydr Res, 341(15):2521-2530, 2006.

4. Induced Circular Dichroism Chirality is induced in an achiral dye by complexing with CNC Straley. Phys. Rev. A 14, 1835–1841 (1976)

Flat rods  nematic liquid crystal

Twisted rods  chiral nematic liquid crystal Dong, X. M. and D. G. Gray (1997). Langmuir 13(11): 3029-3034.

Molecular Modelling of Crystalline Cellulose

Current Model of Crystalline Cellulose

Previous*: Molecular Mechanics and Dynamics (MM and MD) showed the flat crystal twists

Synchrotron and Neutron diffraction studies*

Right-handed twist

Flat (from XRD) MM, MD Cross-section

Frequency of the twist depends on:

Lateral view

• Forcefield used • Cross-section of the crystalline region • 75 – 150 nm per 180° turn

Flat unit cell Two-fold symmetry is assumed

Low resolution Atomic coordinates

Simulated X-Ray diffraction patterns on twisted cellulose crystals are consistent with experimental patterns within experimental error

Not what has been observed! Assumption fails!

*Matthews et al. Carbohydr Res, 341(1):138-152, 2006. J Phys Chem B, 115(14):3747{3755, 2011. Nord Pulp Paper Res, 27(2): 282-286, 2012.

* Iβ : Nishiyama et al. J.A.C.S. 2002, 124, 9074-9082

31

Biomacromolecules, 8(3):817-824, 2007. Biopolymers, 99(10):746-756, 2013. Cellulose, 19(2):319,336, 2012

Origin of the Twist

Rotation about glycosidic bond

Quantum Mechanical calculations on single cellulose chains

Flat vs twisted Why does it rotate? Slight deviation from flat

Flat δ+

Righthanded twist

4.1 nm

• Full twist: repeat distance 8.2 nm • Independent of length and method*

δ-

Twisted

About 23°

• The right-handed twist conformation was: • 9.6 kcal/mol more stable than flat conformation • 6.9 kcal/mol more stable than left-handed conformation

δ+

For cellulose molecule 10 glucose units long

δ-

PM6, HF 6-311G(d,p), and DFT B3LYP 6-311G(d,p) Conley et al. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2016, 135, 285-299

Long range twist

Crystalline Cellulose

10 nm

Minimum energy conformation

center origin

• Long chains lead show an additional twist

2.3 nm

Cross-section

20°

20°

4.0 nm

Accumulated C5-C3-C5’’-C3’’ dihedral angle

0.0° -0.6° 0.5°

-1.3°

• About 60 nm left-handed twist

2.7°

-1.5°

-0.9° 0.3°

• Explains how the twist propagates to higher levels

6.1°

Twisting of individual chains Left- or Right-handed Not observed in Molecular Mechanics

-2.8° -2.5°

-3.9°

Lateral view

Disorder Crystalloid rather than crystal

6.0°

5.5°

-2.7°

Average accumulated dihedral angle is 0.5° 1100 nm right-handed 180° twist

1.9°

Conley et al. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2016, 135, 285-299

Reorientation of sheets Flat

Dependence of Twist on Crystal Size

Minimum energy conformation

Right-handed 0,5

x x x x x x x x x Cross-section

Sheets shift relative to one another

Top View

0,0

degrees per twist (° /nm)

x x x

Flat

Side View

-0,5

0

10

20

30

40

Number of chains in the crystal

-1,0

Conventional Wood CNC

-1,5 -2,0 -2,5

Small crystals fall apart

-3,0 -3,5

Very twisted Left-handed

Experimental Evidence: Induced Circular Dichroism

Experimental Evidence: Induced Circular Dichroism

Congo red – cellulose complex λmax = 525 nm

Surface coverage is very low CNC-achiral dye systems absorb light of different polarization unequally

CNC + Congo red

CNC

Positive signal shows the achiral dye has adopted a chiral arrangement Chiral surface of CNC is transferred to the dye Cannot distinguish handedness from the sign

32

Implications

Back to the initial questions…

Twisting of glycosidic rings generates multiple twist periodicities Tendency to twist adds stress

Why is liquid crystalline CNC chiral nematic rather than nematic? Why are there periodic amorphous regions in cellulosic materials?

• Amorphous regions

Why can’t small cellulose nanocrystals be isolated?

• Sources of cellulose with large cross-sections are more crystalline • Bacterial cellulose vs wood cellulose

What causes twists which are observed on many length-scales?

• Limit length of crystals

Explains: • Observed twists

Unexplained properties are accounted for when cellulose nanocrystals are considered to be twisted crystalloids

• Chiral nematic liquid crystalline properties

Acknowledgements Thank you Prof. van de Ven

Renewed Demand in Cellulosic Fibres  Challenges ▫ ▫

End-user perception Difficult processing

 Develop new

From Theory to Practice

processes and applications

Absorbent Spun Fibres from Chemically Modified Wood Pulp Alois Vanerek and Theo van de Ven

▫ ▫

Environmentally friendly Cost effective

 Develop functional

textile fibres

2

Cellulose

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Hydrogen Bonding

(Discovered by Anselme Payen in 1838)

Native cellulose D-Glucose

1

Regenerated cellulose Cellulose II

D-Glucopyranose

2 3 4 5 6

1,5 Ether linkage DP (n)

Anhydroglucose units (AGU)

4

6

3

5 3

2

1 4

6

2

1

5

intramolecular

Cellulose I

Cellobiose 3

E. Treiber (ed.): Die Chemie der Pflanzenzellwand (1957) p. 142. © 2015 FPInnovations. All rights reserved. Copying and redistribution prohibited. ® FPInnovations, its marks and logos are trademarks of FPInnovations.

intermolecular

Cellulose II

Kroon-Batenburg L.M.J. et al., Polym. Commun. 27 (1986) pp. 233-254. 4

33

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Cellulose Supramolecular Structure

A Simple Way to Dissolve Cellulose

Fringed Model

Consequences  Heterogeneous reactions  Hard to disrupt crystalline regions

Crystalline Amorphous

▫ ▫

Difficult to dissolve Difficult to process

Dissolved cellulose Hearle, J.W.S., J. Polym. Sci., 28 (1958) p 432. 5

Sobue, H., et al., Z. Physik. Chem. B, 43 (1939) pp. 309-328. 6

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Phase 1:

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Spinning Fibres Using NaOH/Cold Method (cont’d)

Spinning Fibres Using NaOH/Cold Method

 Lina Zhang et al.

Limited fibre dissolution ~25% ~25%  Limited cellulose dissolution Spun textile fibres ~1,000 µm diameter  Spun textile fibres ~1,000 µm diameter Fibres properties  Fibres properties

▫ Perfected the method including urea, thiourea and sulfourea additives ▫ US 7,981,337; US 8,962,821; WO 2007121609

Poor regeneration ▫ Poor regeneration Coarse and uneven ▫ Coarse and uneven Stiff and brittle ▫ Stiff and brittle

 Sub-zero temperature conditions ▫ High energy requirements 7

8

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Phase 2:

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Side Reaction

Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) 1. Mercerization H2COH R

OH

O R

O

+ 2NaOH

R

O R

O

(> 17%)

OH

O

OH

OH

O

O R

+

ONa

Cl–CH2COONa + NaOH

+

OH–CH2COONa

NaCl

 Solvent-based medium is used to mitigate hydrolysis

Efficiency = 65 – 80%

H2CO–CH2COONa

Cl–CH2COOH or Cl–CH2COONa

R

OH

O

O

+

R

O

▫ Short-chain alcohols (ethanol, 2-propanol, t-butanol…)

NaCl

 Solvent also facilitates CMC washing/drying

O–CH2COONa

Monochloroacetic acid or Sodium monochloroacetate 9

2H2O

Sodium Glycolate

2. Williamson Etherification Reaction H2CONa O

+

ONa

Alkali cellulose (Sodium cellulosate)

AGU

R

Side reaction = 20 – 35%

3. Hydrolysis of SMCA

H2CONa O

▫ Solvent is recovered and reused

Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) 10

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© 2015 FPInnovations. All rights reserved. Copying and redistribution prohibited. ® FPInnovations, its marks and logos are trademarks of FPInnovations.

Degree of Substitution (DS)

Degree of Polymerisation (DP)

 Number of hydroxyl group on an AGU substituted by carboxymethyl groups (maximum DS = 3)

 Number of AGU in the cellulose chain +2 Cellulose source

DS Range

Solubility in water

Typical commercial CMC

0.50 – 1.50

Yes

Cotton linters

6,500 – 7,000

CMC for absorbent spun fibres

0.35*

No

Northern softwood bleached kraft

1,500 – 3,300

*ASTM-D1439-03

0.10 –

(2008)

Water

NaOH

Dissolving pulp

800 – 1,100

CMC for absorbent spun fibres

250 – 600*

*SCAN-C15

11

DP

CMC

Dope © 2015 FPInnovations. All rights reserved. Copying and redistribution prohibited. ® FPInnovations, its marks and logos are trademarks of FPInnovations.

12

34

(1962)

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Design of Experiments

DS and DP Constraints for Spun Fibres DS range

Multivariable data set to predict and optimize properties (38 different CMC samples) Chosen Variable • • •

Dope Properties

DP DS Cellulose concentration in the dope (consistency)

• •

Fibre Properties

Viscosity (shown below) Undissolved solids

• • • •

CMC

Spun Dissolution Regeneration (H-bond fibre in NaOH formation) strength

Good

Poor

DP > 600

Poor

Good

Poor

250 < DP < 600

Good

Good

Good

DP < 250

Good

Good

Poor

Poor

Good

Poor

DS > 0.35

Elongation Linear Density Tenacity Water absorbency

0.10 < DS < 0.35

DS < 0.10

Cellulose chain 13

14

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Pilot Spinneret at FPInnovations

Poor

Carboxymethyl group

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Structure of Spun Fibres XRD

Pulp Fibres (native) Intensity

Spinneret plate (3,000 holes; 70 µm diameter) Dope

Cellulose I

Cellulose II

Spun Fibres

Rayon

2θ (deg)

Spun Fibres

Abundance

Py-GC-MS

Acid Bath

Water Bath

Shower

Dryer

16

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Spun Fibres

Observations

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Absorbency of Spun Fibres

 Excellent spinneret runnability Property (dry)

Staple Rayon

Spun Fibres

1.7

0.8 – 10

Tenacity (cN/dtex)

2.2

0.6 – 1.5

Elongation (%)

20

8 – 45

Linear Density (dtex)*

*dtex

10 µm

= g/10,000m

 Novel fibres absorb substantially more liquid than rayon

Rayon

Rayon 17

Spun fibres

Potential applications: Absorbent hygiene, medical applications, wipes

10 µm

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18

Thank you

Alois Vanerek FPInnovations [email protected] 514-782-4561

Pulp Fibre Samples labelled with tetramethylammonium hydroxide

Patent Application US15/004,308 and PCT/CA2016/050052 submitted on January 23, 2016 15

Spun Fibre

Winder

Theo van de Ven McGill University [email protected] 514-398-6177 19

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35

© 2015 FPInnovations. All rights reserved. Copying and redistribution prohibited. ® FPInnovations, its marks and logos are trademarks of FPInnovations.

Where it all began… Reminiscences of a paper chemist: past trends and future directions Theo van de Ven Department of Chemistry Pulp & Paper Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Two-dimensional structure in colloidal systems

Two-dimensional structure in colloidal systems

Linear aggregates of spheres

α

time, s

α

Two-dimensional structure in colloidal systems

Two-dimensional structure in colloidal systems

Linear aggregates of spheres

Linear aggregates of spheres

Doublets of spheres

Doublets of spheres Formation of doublets in shear flow

Two-dimensional structure in colloidal systems

Two-dimensional structure in colloidal systems

Linear aggregates of spheres

Linear aggregates of spheres

Doublets of spheres

Doublets of spheres

Formation of doublets in shear flow

Formation of doublets in shear flow

Deposition of spheres on model fibers

Deposition of spheres on model fibers Filler and fines retention

Limiting case: deposition of a sphere on a wall

36

Two-dimensional structure in colloidal systems

Two-dimensional structure in colloidal systems

Linear aggregates of spheres

Linear aggregates of spheres

Doublets of spheres

Doublets of spheres

Formation of doublets in shear flow

Formation of doublets in shear flow

Deposition of spheres on model fibers

Deposition of spheres on model fibers

Filler and fines retention

Filler and fines retention

Papermaking chemistry

Papermaking chemistry Cellulose chemistry

Two-dimensional structure in colloidal systems

Never studied

Linear aggregates of spheres Doublets of spheres Formation of doublets in shear flow

PhD thesis 19711975

Confronted with fluid dynamics, a student in colloids, he panics! To help him in stopping his latex from dropping is “Colloidal Hydrodynamics”

Colloidal Hydrodynamics

Deposition of spheres on fibers

1971-1989

Filler and fines retention Papermaking chemistry Cellulose chemistry

1990-2009 2009 - present

Papermaking Chemistry • Mechanisms of retention by PEO • • • •

Association-induced adsorption Association-induced bridging Asymmetric polymer bridging Surface-induced clustering

• Microparticulate retention aid systems • Fillers and filler retention • • • •

Papermaking Chemistry cont’d • • • • • • • • • •

Kaolin Calcium carbonate (GCC, PCC) TiO2 PEI, CPAM, polyDADMAC

Flotation Deinking

Internal sizing agents mechanisms Surface sizing agents Dyes Donnan equilibrium Yellowing inhibitors Wet web strength agents • Effects of fillers Structure of fiber wall still controversial! Polymer and polyelectrolyte adsorption Optimum addition points on paper machine Strength of drying paper still controversial! Flotation deinking • Nanosized soap particles bridge ink to bubbles

• •

Beer

Bubbles moving through suspension Bubbles collecting ink particles

• Bubbles moving through beer • Bubbles collecting CO2 molecules

Both phenomena governed by the same physics Beer bubbles get bigger as they rise r(t) =f(S,D) Measuring radius r and knowing supersaturation S yields D, the diameter of a CO2 molecule

37

Cellulose Chemistry Focus on making materials from renewable resources

Papermaking Suspensions

Mason

• Cellulose solid foam • Cellulose fibers which disintegrate during papermaking, leading to increased paper strength • Superhydrophobic cellulose surfaces • Novel textiles • Superabsorbent paper • Cellulose hydrogels • Superabsorbent minigels (substitutes for SAP) • Hairy nanocrystalline cellulose (HNCC)

van de Ven

Model Systems

• Sterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose • Electrosterically stabilized NCC • Cationic HNCC with quaternary ammonium groups • Anionic HNCC with carboxyl groups • Bifunctional HNCC

Cellulose nanofiber

Applications of HNCC A

B

• • • • • • • • •

A: crystalline region B: amorphous region C: dissolved cellulose chain (carboxylated, dialdehyde or aminated)

C Hairy nanocellulose

ENCC, SNCC or CNCC

Transparent films Hydrophobic and superhydrophobic films Films with low water vapor transmission Heavy metal scavengers Antiscalants Antiscale membranes for desalination of seawater Shape control in AgNP synthesis Control of calcium carbonate crystal structure Humidity switch (ENCC/CNT composites)

Sources of Biomass

The Future

• Crops • Agricultural residues • Municipal waste • Forests • Algae, seaweed • Spoiled food (up to 20% is discarded, FDA)

Biggest issues facing sustainability • Climate change • Depletion of fossil fuels (and other non-renewable resources)

Urgent actions needed

If our planet is to survive, we need to move quickly towards a sustainable bioeconomy in which all materials and chemicals are recyclable/biodegradable and made from renewable biomass

• Reduce CO 2 emissions/CO 2 capture • Use alternative sources for fuels and fossil-fuel-derived products

This is what we should concentrate on!

Acknowledgements • My mentor, thesis supervisor and predecessor, Prof. Stan Mason • All former and present students, postdocs, research associates and technical personnel • Numerous McGill Professors (mainly Chemistry, Chem. Eng.) • Numerous professors and collaborators from other universities, both in Canada and abroad • Numerous industrial sponsors, but specially Paprican/FPInnovations • Granting agencies, NCE, FRQNT, NRCan, MRC, CIAR, but specially NSERC • My family, for their support and love.

NSERC CRSNG

38

J-FOR A PAPTAC JOURNAL

VOL. 5, NO. 4

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FOR FOREST PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE FOREST INDUSTRY

A special issue dedicated to the work of Theo van de Ven

C

M

Y

CM

MY

CY

CMY

K

FEATURING: A special issue dedicated to Theo van de Ven, an outstanding scientist and professor, worldwide renowned for his contributions in the fields of colloids, polymers, papermaking and cellulose science.

Latex particles deposited on fibres

Microscopy images of kraft fibre (top) and highly swollen carboxymethylated fibre (bottom)

Building for the New Pulp and Paper Community

www.paptac.ca

The Journal of Science & Technology for Forest Products and Processes is PAPTAC’s flagship publication, incorporating high-quality peer-reviewed papers dealing with the technology and science of traditional and emerging areas that are pertinent to the forest industry. J-FOR Vol.5 N.4 is a special edition dedicated to Theo van de Ven, including 8 articles presented at PaperWeek Canada 2016 during the Festschrift Sessions. The abstracts are following, and full articles are available via PAPTAC’s website. 39

REMINISCENCES OF A PAPER CHEMIST: PAST TRENDS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS ABSTRACT

THEO G. M. VAN DE VEN The highlights of my career are presented here, starting from my early work on colloidal hydrodynamics, followed by applications of colloidal hydrodynamics to papermaking chemistry, and finally by my recent work on cellulose chemistry. Examples will be given that emphasize the need to understand fundamental concepts in explaining complex phenomena. My mentor and predecessor, Professor Stanley Mason, once told me that, after having spent several years on the study of papermaking suspensions, he considered such systems too complex to be understood from basic scientific principles and shifted his research to model systems, such as the motion of slender bodies in well-defined flow fields. As a result of his work on model systems, he became a world expert in microrheology (nowadays usually referred to as microhydrodynamics) and received many awards. In my early career, I considered this a challenge and decided to concentrate on fundamental phenomena relevant to papermaking suspensions, such as particle collisions in flow, shear-induced aggregation, particle deposition on surfaces in well-defined flow fields, kinetics of polymer adsorption, and so on, in the hope that such knowledge could one day be used in explaining the complex behaviour of papermaking suspensions. In the late 80s, I considered that we had accumulated enough fundamental knowledge to attack the study of papermaking suspensions and learned that their behaviour could indeed be explained by the fundamental knowledge we (and others) had accumulated. This was very gratifying for me, having closed the loop that my predecessor had started. For about 25 years, we studied many aspects of papermaking chemistry such as fines and filler retention, polymer and polyelectrolyte adsorption on fillers and fibres, wet-web strength agents, internal and surface sizing agents, dyes and yellowing inhibitors, and flotation deinking. We showed that the location of addition points for chemical additives could be rationalized by the kinetics of particle and polymer interactions on a paper machine. With the decline in production of printing papers, my work shifted to cellulose chemistry, with the objective of making novel biorenewable materials. In this field, we have been quite successful. Cellulose chemistry has an immense potential to contribute to a sustainable forest-based bioeconomy. All this research would not have been possible without the contribution of numerous students and postdocs, to whom I am extremely grateful.

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A SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF WETEND CHEMISTRY BY KINETIC CALCULATIONS: A CASE STUDY ABSTRACT

ROGER GAUDREAULT*, DOMINIC PION, THEO G.M. VAN DE VEN Kinetic calculations provide an estimate of the time scales of the various interactions between fibre, polymer, and colloids. Knowledge of these time scales provides us with a tool to determine the optimum location of addition points in papermaking processes. Such calculations have been made in the past, but their validity has never been tested. Validation was performed through sensitivity analysis of the effect of 12 critical parameters on interaction kinetics: shear rate, temperature, pulp flow, pipe diameter, suspended solids concentration, filler radius, polymer concentration, filler concentration, fibre length, fibre radius, maximum amount of polymer that can adsorb on fibre and filler, and collision efficiency. This paper presents a case study on the production of coloured boards where kinetic calculations suggested relocating the polymer and dye injection points to a higher-consistency pulp. Those changes resulted in reduction of polymer and dye dosages by 50% and more than 15% respectively, as well as lower production costs, without affecting colour or other optical properties. Under papermaking conditions, shear-induced interactions are faster than diffusion-controlled interactions. The polymer/filler interaction time is generally longer than the available papermaking time scale. Nevertheless, these interactions may still occur in the short recirculation loop. Finally, sensitivity analysis shows that despite variations in process conditions and uncertainties in the input values of the kinetic calculations, the calculated trends are realistic. These calculations can also be applied to other chemical systems.

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FROM SURFACE SIZING AGENTS TO NANOTECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT

CECILE MALARDIER-JUGROOT

The number of nanotechnology-related applications in industry has significantly increased in recent years, and pulp and paper is no exception. This paper presents a review of applications of surface sizing agents for nanotechnology applications in the development of nanoreactors and targeted drug delivery vehicles for cancer treatment. The approach chosen to develop the nanoreactors and drug delivery vehicles was based on biological system conformations, response to stimuli, and physical properties of their active centres. This environmentally friendly approach to synthesis and applications of advanced nanomaterials open new avenues for their use in organic reactions, energy production, and efficient delivery of drugs that reduce the side effects of chemotherapy.

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ON THE MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS GOVERNING RETENTION AND FORMATION OF A FINE PAPER STOCK: THE CASE OF HEADBOX ELONGATIONAL SHEAR

ABSTRACT

TOM LINDSTRÖM*, AGNE SWERIN

The relation between formation and retention is of key importance in papermaking. This paper deals with how various variables (mix-to-wire speed difference, softwood/hardwood ratio, pulp consistency, headbox contraction, and various amounts of added two-component retention aid) affect the forming of paper and in turn retention and paper formation. The experiments were conducted using the EuroFEX paper machine at Innventia, which can be operated under steadystate conditions of the white water system. It was found that formation is worst when the mix-to-wire speed difference is close to zero or when the oriented shear is lowest. Retention, on the other hand, is to a large extent independent of mix-to-wire speed. Higher consistency during forming is generally associated with an enhanced susceptibility of fibres to flocculate, but a higher consistency in the headbox is, in this study, also associated with increased headbox contraction, which increases elongational shear. The higher the headbox consistency, the higher will be the first-pass retention because of the closer proximity of particles, which is beneficial for bridging flocculation. It is known that elongational shear is in general more beneficial to fibre dispersion than transverse shear and also that for weaker fibre flocs (higher hardwood pulp content), the effect of high headbox contraction (higher consistency) actually reverses the effect of consistency on sheet formation because elongational shear overcomes the effects of fibre crowding at high headbox consistency on sheet formation. In conclusion, we show how the effects of mix-to-wire speed difference, softwood/hardwood ratio, headbox consistency, headbox contraction, and amount of retention aid added (cationic polyacrylamide and colloidal silica) affect retention and formation of paper.

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EFFECT OF FIBRE SIZE ON WETTABILITY AND BARRIER PERFORMANCE OF HYDROPHOBIC CELLULOSIC PAPERS ABSTRACT

MEHR NEGAR MIRVAKILI, SAVVAS G. HATZIKIRIAKOS, PETER ENGLEZOS* Cellulosic handsheets prepared by unrefined and highly refined Kraft and thermomechanical pulps were rendered hydrophobic by a chemical deposition technique. A wide range of fibre sizes (177–927 µm for Kraft and 139–520 µm for TMP) were examined, and the effect of treatment on wettability and gas permeability of the handsheets was investigated. The contact angles on handsheets prepared with unrefined fibres were significantly larger than those of refined ones after treatment due to their higher surface roughness. However, on highly refined samples, although the treatments resulted in a hydrophobic surface, the water droplets were absorbed into the handsheets over time. The highly refined fibres resulted in handsheets with significantly lower gas permeability. On average, the WVTR for Kraft and TMP handsheets decreased by about 34%±14% and 47%±12% respectively due to hydrophobization. At a certain fibre size (561 µm), the water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) reached its minimum value (34 g.m-2.day-1), and further fibre refining did not significantly affect its value.

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A SHORT REVIEW OF USING WOOD FIBRES IN FOOD PACKAGING

ABSTRACT

FATEMEH BAYATI, YAMAN BOLUK, PHILLIP CHOI*

Because packaged food needs to travel longer distances and to have longer shelf life than unpackaged food, the performance of packaging is vital. Due to their barrier and mechanical properties and their ease of processing, petroleum-based polymers have emerged as a major food packaging material. The increasing use of such polymers, which are non-biodegradable, has led to growing concerns about their negative impacts on the environment upon disposal. As a result, the possibility of replacing petroleum-based polymers by natural polymers has been intensively investigated over the past decade. In general, natural polymers are still, from the performance and price perspectives, inferior to petroleum-based polymers. Obviously, more research is needed to close this gap. Among the various natural sources available, biopolymers from wood, plants, or the forest sector have outstanding potential. This short review article intends to summarize the efforts of various researchers to explore the possibility of using wood fibres for food packaging applications. Specifically, the discussion will focus on cellulose and hemicelluloses (xylan in particular) as well as on the role of cellulose nanocrystals in improving packaging barrier properties.

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ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS OF TWISTED CELLULOSE CRYSTALLOIDS

ABSTRACT

KEVIN CONLEY*, M.A. (TONY) WHITEHEAD, THEO G.M. VAN DE VEN

Chirality is observed throughout cellulosic materials, but it is unclear why chirality develops and how it propagates throughout the different length scales. Twists are observed in the trunks of trees, micron-sized fibres, and nanometre-sized cellulose nanocrystals. The individual building block of cellulose is chiral, but this does not explain how the chirality of the molecule relates to chirality at larger length scales. Twisting of cellulose nanocrystals about the crystal axis would explain the chiral nematic liquid crystalline properties and lead to potential products such as a support for chiral catalysis. Calculating the structure of cellulose nanocrystals reveals the molecular interactions in detail. Rather than being flat rod-like particles, the minimum energy conformation of cellulose nanocrystals is twisted, with a frequency and handedness that depend on the crystal width. Larger crystals have a right-handed twist, but as the crystals become thinner, the handedness reverses. The cellulose chains within each crystal can twist in either the left- or right-handed direction, with chains at the crystal’s surface preferentially adopting a right-handed twist and chains in the core tending to twist in the left-handed direction. The bond lengths and bond angles also show this core-shell structure, with the core of the crystal being more representative of the bulk crystal unit cell parameters from diffraction measurements. Furthermore, twisting the crystal modifies the permanent dipole moment to 114 Debye along the crystal axis. This permanent polarization could lead to new advanced colloidal materials and a method of detecting twists.

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SUSTAINABLE SYNTHESIS OF VATERITE USING A FOREST NANOPRODUCT

ABSTRACT

AMIR SHEIKHI, THEO G.M. VAN DE VEN*

Crystalline calcium carbonate occurs in three forms: calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. Of these, the last is thermodynamically unstable and does not occur under ambient conditions. From a practical point of view, the printing paper industry is one of the main consumers of vaterite because surfaces coated with this polymorph benefit from better hydrophilicity and water absorbency. Despite the broad range of applications in the paper industry, personal care products, and biomaterials, vaterite synthesis is challenging. This paper describes the use of a nanomaterial derived from one of the main forest products, i.e., pulp, to produce pure vaterite flakes under ambient conditions. It discusses how careful treatment of pulp results in a novel class of nanocelluloses, called hairy nanocrystalline cellulose (HNCC), which can stabilize vaterite at ppm levels. Furthermore, the performance of HNCC is compared to that of conventional nanocelluloses. The authors hope that the emergence of this technology will attract more private-sector participants to the Canadian forest industry.

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Reminiscences “Theo and I were both graduate students at McGill in Pulp and Paper Building in the mid 70’s. Theo was in the Department of Chemistry while I was in the Department of Chemical Engineering. We both immigrated to Canada from The Netherlands; Theo in 1971 and I in 1972. My wife, Magriet and I became very good friends with Theo and

his wife Hanny. Here are two pictures taken at the birthday party of Magriet, on January 22nd, 1975 (1st picture) and 1976 (2nd picture). They proof that the occasion of Theo’s Festschrift in February 2016 is to celebrate that he carries a beard for 40 years.” - Adriaan van Heiningen

“It’s always fun to be around Theo. He brings enthusiasm and positive energy to everything he does. This is also true at home, with his children and grandchildren. A few fun facts about Theo are that as a student in Utrecht he earned some pocket money by playing card games in pubs. He also enjoyed swimming, particularly the butterfly and playing water polo and squash. He loved to go camping and we went every summer for almost 15 years to Prince Edward Island. We all still have many fond memories of those summers. Now with 4 children and 8 grandchildren living in Canada, USA and The Netherlands, Theo can be proud of his accomplishments in his career but also his positive influence on his kids. Enjoy the recognition dad, you deserve it.” - Jeroen van de Ven 49

“The visit to your lab was interesting because you open our minds to new ways of studying and interpreting our flocculation data, and your visit to Spain was also unforgettable.” - Angeles Blanco

“This approach, combining molecular modelling and experimental characterization, was extremely beneficial during my PhD studies - thanks to my supervisors, Tony Whitehead and Theo van de Ven, who believed that molecular modelling could be beneficial to the study of polymers relevant to the pulp and paper industry. Theo is extremely open minded and curious about all scientific aspect of a problem. During our first meeting, he told me “it would be interesting to characterize this system with neutron scattering, I have never used this method, we will work with collaborators and you are going to be the expert”. This was not reassuring for me at the beginning of the research project but Theo was involved in every step as can be seen in the following picture. My PhD was a wonderful experience, I think that it made me realize how being in academia could be the most challenging and fascinating “job” possible. When you see your supervisor jumping in your lab when you show him a nanotube formed by self-assembly of polymer chains using molecular modelling, or start a race with two other scientists after seeing a peak on a neutron scattering spectrum in a neutron facility in France….. you see fun and passion!! Congratulations on this extraordinary achievement of internationally recognized scientific discoveries guided by your knowledge and curiosity.” - Cecile Malardier-Jugroot

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“Theo has always been eager to discuss the science and any other matter, both from the conference podium and elsewhere. Over the years, especially during the 1980’s and 90’s, there were a lot of contacts between the paper chemistry group at STFI and Theo’s group at McGill with the link to Paprican. It was a friendly rivalry which spurred scientists, also the younger ones, to excel and to publish first. During these periods the scientific community in colloid and interface science applied to papermaking was not at all as big and wide-spread as it later became. Theo came from Stan Masons group, and Stan was the undisputed star in our world, so Theo came heavily loaded with theoretical considerations of microrheology and other stuff, whereas we were very practical papermakers doing our best to optimize the wet-end chemistry on papermachines equipped with a zeta-meter and equipped with the book: Kruyt “Colloid Science, Anno 1947. ….. A very significant eye-opener for our group was the publication by van de Ven, T and Mason, S. Tappi 1981 64(9), 171 entitled “Comparison of hydrodynamic and colloidal forces in paper machine headboxes”, see enclosed fig. We must confess that we smiled reading this van de Ven confuses the paper chemistry community… article and wondered what mathematical jerk had written the article, but as we learnt to know each other, over more than one big beer over the years, we became great friends with a mutual respect for our scientific endeavours. We never argued about the micro-rheology considerations, but when we published the network flocculation mechanism, Theo started to publish a row articles in order to shoot down the network mechanism. The emerging alternatives became more and more complex and our argument became that simplicity goes before complexity. The issue never settled, but at end the two groups agreed to disagree. Those were the fun purple days in Paper Chemistry! Cheers Theo!” - Tom Lindström and Agne Swerin 51

“In 1996, having acquired a molecular modelling system, I quickly realized that I needed help to implement this technology in the pulp and paper (P&P) industry, especially in papermaking wet-end chemistry. Therefore, in January 1997, I started my PhD studies with Theo, one of the world experts in polyethylene(oxide) (PEO). To better integrate PEO chemistry and molecular modelling, Theo asked Tony Whitehead to be a co-supervisor. Under their supervision, I worked to demonstrate how PEO chemistry could make it one of the polymers of the future to produce paper, and allowing the reduction of water consumption. I also proved that the PEO/ cofactor fibre flocculation Roger and Theo in front of Isaac Newton statue, mechanism was not driven by Trinity College, Cambridge, UK (2003). hydrogen bonding! During that time, Theo made me fall in love with colloid science, and helped to bridge theoretical molecular modelling and P&P wet-end chemistry. Over the last two decades, I was lucky enough to participate with him in numerous research efforts, conferences, publications, and discussions: FAPPMMS, FRC (Cambridge, Oxford), IPCCS, Harvard, Research Networks (Sentinel, Green Fibre Network, FIBRE), PAPTAC, CSACS, Lectures on Colloid Chemistry, J-FOR, and AWT, to name a few of our collaborations. Theo, I want to wholeheartedly express my respect and thank you for the profound impact you had on my career. ” - Roger Gaudreault

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Festschrift: Life and Career in Honour of Theo van de Ven

CO - EMCEES

COLLEEN MCNAMEE

ROGER GAUDREAULT

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PAUL STUART

Festschrift in Honour of Theo van de Ven

Festschrift Definition ? According to Wikipedia, in academia, a Festschrift is a book honoring a respected person, especially an academic, and presented during his or her lifetime.

Honouring 40 years of Commitment to University Research and Industry Collaborations

Pour honorer 40 ans d’engagement à la Recherche Universitaire et la collaboration avec l’industrie.

COLLEEN MCNAMEE ORGANIZED THEO FOR MANY YEARS    

PAUL STUART

ROGER GAUDREAULT IS EVERYWHERE     

CONFERENCES: ACS COLLOIDS, FIBRE, PAPERWEEK… PHD STUDENTS AND POST DOC A DYNAMIC PERSONNALITY ALWAYS THERE TO HELP SOMEONE

   

PHD STUDENT AND POST DOC WITH THEO INDUSTRIAL & SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATOR STUDENT SUPPORTER FRIEND THE ONLY PERSON TO WILLINGLY MEET WITH THEO AT 6:30AM ON A REGULAR BASIS.

My Mentors (Darwin & Theo)

CONSULTANT & PROFESSOR / BIOREFINERY NSERC ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN CHAIR ALWAYS NOT TOO FAR FROM THE PHONE “LIFE IS ALWAYS SMOOTH AS PEANUT BUTTER”!

Festschrift Logo

Design by Martin-John Hearty

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Theo van de Ven Festschrift

The students

Special thank you to the Festschrift Sponsors! Merci spécial à nos commanditaires du Festschrift

Roasters for Tonight

The Man of the Hour All your family, friends, colleagues, and students wish you continued success and long life

Jeroen van de Ven Adriaan Van Heiningen Mark Andrews Jean Hamel Tony Whitehead Leila Jowkarderis & Goeun Sim

CHEERS!!

Roasted - Theo

The Gift! The Gift! The cooking board is an appropriate gift because Theo is a great cook! The walnut board represents a mosaic of the people who have collaborated and studied with Theo. The "Tree of Life" engraved on the board, symbolizes the students Theo has trained over the past 40 years and who have branched out internationally. Finally, the promise of many delicious meals of Theo’s gourmet cuisine.

Time to Dance…

What's next? Theo van de Ven National Student Poster Sessions Festschrift Book JFOR Theo van de Ven Special Issue Theo 70th birthday/anniversaire!

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Theo in his younger years

Theo van de Ven Some fun facts Jeroen van de Ven

The story begins in the 1960’s

Fatherhood Yes, this is Theo

Theo leaves home....

His first car!

Some Fun Facts ∗ Theo’s sport was waterpolo

Some Fun Facts

Camping

∗ Swimming the butterfly

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Making camp fires! ∗ A chemist should know ∗ It takes 3 things to make fire ∗ Oxygen, Fuel and Heat

Family pictures

The true legacy

Les 8 petits enfants en Europe ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Kato (12) Owen (11) Lars (11) Thor (11) Nina (9) Sophie (9) Dylan (7) Jamie (7)

Thanks!

Les 3 petits enfants au Canada ∗ Annie-Pierre ∗ Xavier ∗ Felix

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Theo’s Background

Festschrift of Theodorus Gertrudus Maria van de Ven

• M.Sc. in Physical and Colloid Chemistry University of Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1971. • Came from Van ‘t Hoff Laboratory of Professor Overbeek known for DLVO theory • Joined S. G. Mason McGill research group as PhD student with scholarship in Sept. 1971 • Area: Microrheology of colloidal dispersions

Adrian van Heiningen

A study into the cause of his Festschrift celebration

Following Theo • Both draft avoiders of The Netherlands by emigration to Canada (Theo 1971, Adriaan 1972) • Both PhD in McGill P&P building basement • Both our wives joined McGill Dames • Both joined McGill waterpolo (Theo a natural floater) • Theo creates new science building on Stokes, Einstein, Smoluchowski, DVLO, Brenner, etc. • Theo (+wife) completed PhD in 5 years (me 10y) • Both Paprican Scientist and McGill Junk Professor (Theo 1978, Adriaan 1983) • Theo produced 1 paper/month (total > 400 now)

My wife, Magriet, Birthday celebration, January 22, 1975

Why a Festschrift Now? • A Festschrift honors an academic on his/her retirement or 60/65th birthday (Wikipedia) • Theo should have been honored years ago or in a decade when he retires! • So I researched the real cause of Theo’s Festbook by studying old party pictures

My wife, Magriet, Birthday celebration, January 22, 1975

Evaluation of the Data and Conclusion • Theo was beardless in early 1975 • Theo sported a full grown beard in early 1976! Ergo The festschrift celebrates that Theo is carrying a beard for 40 years!

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THEO VAN DE VEN POTENTIAL FOR AN ETERNAL RELATION WITH FPINNOVATIONS By Jean Hamel

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Has he always been like this?

Scientific observation - Theo always looked the same!!!

- No - Proof: at some point, he had no beard! - But kept the same look

Scientific questions - Has he always been like this? - Is he eternal? - What is he made of ?

- A camouflage tactic?

Is he eternal? What is he made of ? • Thorium (Thor: Scandinavian god) Radioactive metal, more energy than Uranium • Oxygen: Abundant gas (21% of the atmosphere). Necessary for life • Vanadium Scandinavian goddess, Vanadis: Bright white metal, soft and ductile: • Nitrogen Makes up 78% of the earth's air. Important for life as fertilizer. • Dilithium Crystal compound combining matter and anti-matter into a stable stream. Used to power Warp Drive engines. (Star Trek) • Etherium: Refers to Magic and The Gathering = Extremely rare metal • Adamantium Used by Wolverine (Marvel Comics) Most durable substance ever to be created by scientists

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We found out why Theo

- Is durable - Has talent for gathering people - Cares to share his knowledge and passion - Loves science

1) 2)

Visit to Cascades

PhDs we shared

2003 Roger Gaudreault: Mechanisms of Flocculation with Polyt(ethylene oxide) and Novel Co-factors: Theory and Experiment 2) 2005 Cecile Malardier-Jugroot: Novel Self Assembly of an Alternating Co-polymer into Nano Tubes: Theoretical Investigation and Experimental Characterisation. 3) 2006-2008 Haizhen Wei: Substituted SMI nano structures: Theory and Experiment‖ 4) 2010-2013 Dr.Mohad Khan Post Doctoral Student: 3D Homology Modelling of Antibody Binding Fragments (Fab) and Binding Sites of Picloram Antibody. 5) 2008 MSc Thomas Lazzara: SMI nano- tubes: Theory and Synthesis. 6) 2009 Kevin Conley: Calculations on Structure of Cellulose Micro-fibrils by Theoretical Techniques and Synthesis

40 Joint Papers Theo’s Winter Party

Theo’s Lake

Lunch at Europa

Kevin’s Paper accepted after 4 years My first Selfie taken by Kevin after we had been to Lunch to celebrate

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First Applied Pulp & Paper Molecular Modelling Symposium

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VAN DE VEN, Theo G.M. Department of Chemistry, Pulp & Paper Research Centre, McGill University, 3420 University Street Montreal, QC H3A 2A7 Tel: (514) 398 6177 Fax (514) 398 8254 Email: [email protected] Curriculum Vitae Present position Professor, Chemistry Department; McGill University education 1976: Ph.D., Physical Chemistry, McGill University 1971: Doctorandus (M.Sc. equivalent), Major in Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Minor in Theoretical Physics, University of Utrecht, Holland 1969: Kandidaats (B.Sc. equivalent), Chemistry, University of Utrecht, Holland Professional experience 2004-present: Professor of Chemistry, McGill University (tenured full professorship) 1990- 2004: Paprican Adjunct Professor, Department of Chemistry McGill 1978- 2004: Research Scientist, Paprican 1981-1989: Research Associate, Department of Chemistry, McGill 2001: Van Arkel Professor, Leiden University, Holland 1987-1988: Visiting Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Bristol, UK 1976-1978: Tutor/Research Fellow, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Awards 1973-1975: 1976 1987-1988: 1991: 1996: 1998: 2001: 2004- 2015 istry” 2004: 2009-present 2012: 2012-present

C.B. Purves Fellowship PhD, McGill, Dean’s honours list Royal Society (Great Britain) Guest Research Fellowship Promotion to Principal Scientist, Paprican American Chemical Society Award in Colloid and Surface Chemistry Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada Van Arkel Professor, Leiden University, Holland FPInnovations/NSERC Senior Industrial Research Chair in “Colloid and Papermaking ChemGuest Professor Technical University of Delft, Holland Scientific director NSERC strategic research network on Green Fibres Canadian Section of the Society of Chemical Industry, Kalev Pugi Award Sir William C. Macdonald Chair in chemistry

Professional Activities 1984: Organizer “International Symposium on Polymer Colloids”, Montreal 1984-1985: Advisory Board of Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 1986-1990: Council Member IACIS (International Association of Colloid and Interface Scientists) 1987- present: Associate Member and Member Steering Committee, CRIP (Centre de Recherche en Ingénierie du Papier), École Polytechnique, Montreal. 1987- present Member Research Committee, PAPTAC 1988- present: Organizer Research Sessions, Annual PAPTAC meeting, Montreal 1988-1989 Principal Editor, PhysicoChemical Hydrodynamics 1990: Organizer Sessions on “Polymer Colloids”, 33rd IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecules, Montreal 1990-1994: Member Professional Development Committee, CPPA 1991-1994: Editor, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 1991-1999: Associate of CIAR (Canadian Institute for Advanced Research) 1993- present: Organizer Annual Postgraduate Student Seminar Symposium in Pulp & Paper, Montreal 1993: Vice-Chairman, Gordon Conference on “Polymer Colloids”

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1995: 1995-2000: 2003 2009 2011

Chairman, Gordon Conference on “Polymer Colloids” Editorial Board, Langmuir Chairman, 5th International Paper and Coating chemistry Symposium, Montreal, June16-19. Co-chairman, 7th International Paper and Coating chemistry Symposium, Hamilton, June10-12. Chairman 85th ACS Colloid and Surface Science Symposium, Montreal

Management activities: 1990-2010 1996-2004 1999-2004 2002-2004 2005-2010 201020102011-

Director, Pulp & Paper Research Centre, McGill Member of Paprican’s Operating Management Group Theme leader in NCE on Wood Pulps Theme leader in PappInnov Theme leader in NSERC Bioactive paper network (Sentinel) Scientific Director, NSERC Green Fibre Network Director FQRNT Centre for Self-assembled Chemical Structures Chair of FIBRE (Umbrella organization of 8 Forest sector research networks)

Papers in Scientific Journals 1. The Microrheology of Colloidal Dispersions. IV. Pairs of Interacting Spheres in Shear Flow. T.G.M. van de Ven and S.G. Mason, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 57, 505-516 (1976) 2. The Microrheology of Colloidal Dispersions. V. Primary and Secondary Doublets of Spheres in Shear Flow. T.G.M. van de Ven and S.G. Mason, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 57, 517-534 (1976) 3. The Microrheology of Colloidal Dispersions. VI. Chains of Spheres in Shear Flow. T.G.M. van de Ven and S.G. Mason, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 57, 535-546 (1976) 4. The Microrheology of Colloidal Dispersions. VII. Orthokinetic Doublet Formation of Spheres. T.G.M. van de Ven and S.G. Mason, Colloid & Polymer Sci., 255, 468-479 (1977) 5. The Microrheology of Colloidal Dispersions. VIII. Effect of Shear on Perikinetic Doublet Formation. T.G.M. van de Ven and S.G. Mason, Colloid & Polymer Sci., 255, 794-804 (1977) 6. The Energy Dissipation in Sheared Coagulated Sols. T.G.M. van de Ven and R.J. Hunter, Rheol. Acta, 16, 534-543 (1977) 7. Diffusion of Brownian Particles in Shear Flow. T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 62, 352-355 (1977) 8. On the Theory of the Dynamic Viscometer. T.G.M. van de Ven and B.A. Firth, Rheol. Acta, 17, 606-611 (1978) 9. Viscoelastic Properties of Coagulated Sols. T.G.M. van de Ven and R.J. Hunter, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 68, 135-143 (1979) 10. Diffusion of Brownian Particles in Shear Flows. R.T. Foister and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Fluid Mech., 96, 105-132 (1980) 11. The Transient Interfacial Tension Between Two Miscible Fluids., P.G. Smith, T.G.M. van de Ven and S.G. Mason, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 80,1, 302-303 (1981) 12. Deposition of Particles under External Forces in Laminar Flow through Parallel-plate and Cylindrical Channels. Z. Adamczyk and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 80,2, 340-356 (1981) 13. Effects of Polymer Bridging on Selective Shear Flocculation. T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 81,1, 290-291 (1981) 14. A Note on the Thermodynamics of Partial Engulfment. P.G. Smith and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces, 2, 387-390 (1981) 15. Tensiometric Studies on Wetting. I. Some Effects of Surface Roughness (Theoretical). E. Bayramli, T.G.M. van de Ven and S.G. Mason, Can. J. Chemistry, 59, 1954-1961 (1981) 16. Memory Impairment in Flowing Suspensions. IV. Analytical Solutions for Effects of Rotary Brownion Motion of Spheroids. T.G.M. van de Ven, M. Zuzovsky and S.G. Mason, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I, 77, 16611672 (1981) 17. The Microrheology of Colloidal Dispersions. X. Rotations of Spheroids at High Peclet Numbers. T.G.M. van de Ven, K. Takamura and S.G. Mason, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 82,2, 373-383 (1981) 18. The Microrheology of Colloidal Dispersions. XI. Measured Effects of Brownian Motion on the Rotation of Doublets of Spheres in Shear Flow. K. Takamura, T.G.M. van de Ven and S.G. Mason, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 82,3, 284-393 (1981) 19. Tensiometric Studies on Wetting. III. Low and High Energy Surfaces. E. Bayramli, T.G.M. van de Ven

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and S.G. Mason, Colloids & Surfaces, 3, 131-145 (1981) 20. Comparison of Hydrodynamic and Colloidal Forces in Paper Machine Headboxes. T.G.M. van de Ven and S.G. Mason, Tappi, 64,9, 171-175 (1981) 21. Tensiometric Studies on Wetting. IV. Contact Angle and Surface Pressure Relaxation. E. Bayramli, T.G.M. van de Ven and S.G. Mason, Colloids & Surfaces, 3, 279-293 (1981) 22. Deposition of Brownian Particles onto Cylindrical Collectors. Z. Adamczyk and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 84,2, 497-518 (1981) 23. Resistance to Spreading of Liquids by Sharp Edged Microsteps. Y.H. Mori, T.G.M. van de Ven and S.G. Mason, Colloids and Surfaces, 4, 1-15 (1982) 24. Damped Oscillations in the Viscosity of Suspensions of Rigid Rods. I. Monomodal Suspensions. Y. Ivanov, T.G.M. van de Ven and S.G. Mason, J. Rheology, 26(2), 213-230 (1982) 25. Damped Oscillations in the Viscosity of Suspensions of Rigid Rods. II. Bimodal and Polydisperse Suspensions. Y. Ivanov and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Rheology, 26(2), 231-244 (1982) 26. Particle Transfer to a Plate in Uniform Flow. Z. Adamczyk and T.G.M. van de Ven, Chem. Engineering Sci., 37(6), 869-880 (1982) 27. Interactions Between Colloidal Particles in Simple Shear Flow. T.G.M. van de Ven, Adv. in Colloid & Interface Sci., 17, 105-127 (1982) 28. Kinetics of Coating by Colloidal Particles., T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 89(1), 232-244 (1982) 29. Transfer of Brownian Particles to Continuous Moving Surfaces. Z. Adamczyk, T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven, Chemical Engineering Sci., 37(10), 1513-1522 (1982) 30. Transfer of Brownian Particles to Continuous Moving Surfaces Under External Forces. Z. Adamczyk, T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven, PhysicoChemical Hydrodynamics, 3,(3/4), 215-229 (1982) 31. The Surface Tension of Solids. T.G.M. van de Ven, P.G. Smith, R.G. Cox and S.G. Mason, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 91(1), 298-299 (1983). 32. Characterization of Model Hardened Prolate Erythrocyte Suspensions Subjected to Shear . C.M. Cerda and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 91(2), 598-600 (1983) 33. Pathlines Around Freely Rotating Spheroids in Simple Shear Flow. Z. Adamczyk and T.G.M. van de Ven, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 9(2), 203-217 (1983) 34. An Optical Method for Studying the Properties of Ordered Latices. M. Tomita, K. Takano and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 92(2), 367-382 (1983) 35. On the Convective Diffusion of Fine Particles in Turbulent Flow. T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 92(2), 403-415 (1983) 36. Translational Diffusion of Axisymmetrical Particles in Shear Flow. C.M. Cerda and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 93(1), 54-62 (1983) 37. On the Effects of Blocking and Particle Detachment on Coating Kinetics. T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 93(2), 576-579 (1983) 38. Flexible Bonds Between Latex Particles and Solid Surfaces. T.G.M. van de Yen, T. Dabros and J. Czarnecki, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 93(2), 580-581 (1983) 39. Particle Transfer to Solid Surfaces. Z. Adamczyk, T. Dabros, J. Czarnecki and T.G.M. van de Ven, Advances in Colloid & Interface Sci., 19(3), 183-252 (1983) 40. A Direct Method for Studying Particle Deposition onto Solid Surfaces. T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloid & Polymer Sci., 261, 694-707 (1983) 41. Resistance Coefficient of a Solid Sphere Approaching Plane and Curved Boundaries. Z. Adamczyk, M. Adamczyk and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 96(1), 204-213 (1983) 42. Kinetics of Particle Accumulation at Collector Surfaces. I. Approximate Analytical Solutions. Z. Adamczyk and T .G .M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 97(1), 69-90 (1984) 43. Profiles of Slightly Deformed Axisymmetric Drops. P.A. Smith and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 97(1), 1-8 (1984) 44. Kinetics of Particle Accumulation at Collector Surfaces. II. Exact Numerical Solutions. Z. Adamczyk, T. Dabros, J. Czarnecki and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 97(1), 91-104 (1984) 45. Creating Color Patterns with Ordered Latices. M. Tomita and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Optical Society of America, A. 1, 317-318 (1984) 46. Transfer of Colloidal Particles to a Cylinder in Combined Simple Shear and Uniform Flow. T. Dabros, Z. Adamczyk and T.G.M. van de Ven, PhysicoChemical Hydrodynamics, 5(1), 67-83 (1984) 47. The Structure of Sheared Ordered Latices. M. Tomita and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 99(2), 374-386 (1984) 48. Theoretical Aspects of Drainage and Retention of Small Particles on the Fourdrinier . T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 85(3), 157-163 (1984) 49. Calculation of Diffraction Angles in Ordered Latices. M. Tomita and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid

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Interface Sci., 100(1), 112-115 (1984) 50. The Effect of Gravity on the Drainage of a Thin Liquid Film Between a Solid Sphere and a Liquid/Fluid Interface. P.G. Smith and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 100(2), 456-464 (1984) 51. Electro-viscoelastic Properties of Dilute Suspensions. T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I, 80, 2677-2692 (1984) 52. The Surface Tension of Solids. T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 102,1, 301-304 (1984) 53. Electrically Induced Changes in Latex Structure. M. Tomita and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. of Physical Chemistry, 89, 1291-1296 (1985) 54. The Separation of a Liquid Drop from a Stationary Solid Sphere in a Gravitational Field. P.G. Smith and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 105(1), 7-20 (1985) 55. Shear-induced Deformation and Rupture of Suspended Solid/Liquid Clusters. P.G. Smith and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces, 15, 191-210 (1985) 56. Interactions Between Drops and Particles in Simple Shear. P.G. Smith and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces, 15, 211-231 (1985) 57. Relaxation Phenomena in Suspensions of Anisometric Brownian Particles. D.S. Jayasuriya and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Physical Chemistry, 89, 3368-3373 (1985) 58. Hydrodynamic Resistance of Aggregates Approaching a Solid Surface. K. Malysa and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 107(2), 477-487 (1985) 59. The Flow of Suspensions. T.G.M. van de Ven, Polymer Composites, 6(4), 209-214 (1985). 60. The Sedimentation of One Sphere Past a Second Sphere Attached to a Wall. K. Malysa, T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Fluid Mech., 162, 157-170 (1986). 61. Rheo-optics of Suspensions of Anisometric Particles. I. Monodisperse Ellipsoidal Particles. D.S. Jayasuriya and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 82, 457-471 (1986). 62. Rheo-optics of Suspensions of Anisometric Particles. II. Polydisperse, Brownian Ellipsoidal Particles. D.S. Jayasuriya and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 82, 473-482 (1986). 63. Rotational and Translational Motion of a Sphere Parallel to a Wall. K. Malysa and T.G.M. van de Ven, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 12(3), 459-468 (1986). 64. A Two-dimensional Model of the Flow of Ordered Suspensions of Rods. J.H. Masliyah and T.G.M. van de Ven, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 12(5), 791-806 (1986). 65. Rheooptics of Suspensions of Anisometric Particles. III. Effects of Electrolyte and Particle Concentration on Particle Rotation. D.S. Jayasuriya and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 115(1), 17-26 (1987). 66. Creeping Flow Over a Composite Sphere: Solid Core with Porous Shell. J.H. Masliyah, G. Neale, K. Malysa and T.G.M. van de Ven, Chemical Engineering Sci., 42(2), 245-253 (1987) 67. Concentration Dependence of Spin Friction Coefficients in Suspensions of Parallel Cylinders and Spheres. J.H. Masliyah and T.G.M. van de Ven, J.Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I, 87, 547-557 (1987) 68. Deposition of Latex Particles on Glass Surfaces in an Impinging Jet. T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven, Physico Chem. Hydrodynamics, 8(2), 161-172 (1987) 69. Liquid Bridges between Spheres in a Gravitational Field. E. Bayramli, A. Abou-Obeid and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 116(2), 490-502 (1987). 70. An Experimental Study of Liquid Bridges between Spheres in a Gravitational Field. E. Bayramli and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Science, 116(2), 503-510 (1987). 71. Deposition and Detachment of Latex Particles at Glass Surfaces Exposed to Flow. S. Varennes and T.G.M. van de Ven, PhysicoChem. Hydrodynamics, 9(3/4), 537-559 (1987). 72. Brownian Motion of Charged Colloidal Particles Surrounded by Electric Double Layers. G.A. Schumacher and T.G.M. van de Ven, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 83, 75-85 (1987). 73. Streamlines Around a Charged Sphere in Shear Flow. T.G.M. van de Ven, PhysicoChemical Hydrodynamics, 10, 97-106 (1988). 74. Rheo-optics of Dilute Dispersions. T.G.M. van de Ven, Materials Science Forum, 25/26, 59-86 (1988). 75. Effects of Neutral Polymers on the Kinetics of Particle Deposition. S. Varennes and T.G.M. van de Ven, PhysicoChemical Hydrodynamics, 10(2), 229-238 (1988). 76. On the Role of Ion Size in Coagulation. T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 124(1), 138-145 (1988). 77. Effects of Polyelectrolyte on the Deposition and Detachment of Colloidal Particles Subjected to Flow. S. Varennes and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces, 33, 63-74 (1988). 78. Settling Velocity of a Polymer Coated Particle. Model Experiments and Theory. K. Malysa, J.H. Masliyah, G. Neale and T.G.M. van de Ven, Materials Sci. Forum, 25-26, 401-404 (1988). 79. Blocking Effects in Particle Deposition., K. Malysa, T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven, Materials Sci. Forum, 25-26, 405-408 (1988). 80. Effects of Polymers on the Detachment of Polymer Coated Latex Particles from Glass Surfaces. S. Varennes and T.G.M. van de Ven, PhysicoChemical Hydrodydnamics, 10(4), 415-428 (1988).

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81. The Stability of a Liquid Film between two Air Bubbles Subjected to a Centripetal Force. Y. Shao and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, 4, 1173-1178 (1988). 82. Transient Light Scattering of Suspensions of Charged Non-spherical Particles Subjected to an Electric Field. M.K. Baloch and T .G .M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 129(1), 91-104 (1989). 83. Microrheological Aspects of Adhesion of Escherichia Coli on Glass. Z. Xia, L. Woo and T.G.M. van de Ven, Biorheology, 26, 359-375 (1989). 84. Kinetics of Electrostatically Controlled Deposition of Colloidal Particles on Solid Surfaces in Stagnation Point Flow. M.Y. Boluk and T.G.M. van de Ven, PhysicoChemical Hydrodynamics, 11(2), 113-127 (1989). 85. Effects of Electrolytes, Polymers and Polyelectrolytes on Particle Deposition and Detachment. T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloid and Surfaces, 39, 107-126 (1989). 86. Spinning of Partially Engulfed Drops. Y. Shao and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, 5, 1234-1241 (1989). 87. Light Scattering from Semi-dilute Dispersions of Non-spherical Latex Particles Subjected to an Electric Field. M.K. Baloch and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 135, 594-597 (1990). 88. Frequency Dependence of Electrically Induced Alignment of Anisometric Colloidal Particles. T .G.M. van de Ven and M.K. Baloch, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 136, 494-508 (1990). 89. A New Experimental Technique for Studying Particles Residing at a Liquid/Fluid Interface. Y. Shao and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, 6, 1112-1117 (1990). 90. Effects of Polyelectrolytes on Flow-lnduced Deposition of Titanium Dioxide Particles onto a Cellophane Surface. M.Y. Boluk and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces, 46, 157-176 (1990). 91. S.G. Mason- A Retrospective. T.G.M. van de Ven, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 16(4), 561-565 (1990). 92. Particle Trajectories Near Freely Rotating Spheroids in Simple Shear Flow. J. Petlicki and T.G.M. van de Ven, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 16(4), 713-725 (1990). 93. Long-Range Interactions in Mammalian Platelet Aggregation. II. The Role of Platelet Pseudopod Number and Length. M. Frojmovic, K. Longmire and T.G.M. van de Ven, Biophys. J., 58, 309-318 (1990). 94. Electroviscous Forces. P. Warszynski and T.G.M. van de Ven, Faraday Discussions Chem. Soc., 90, 313321 (1990) 95. Kinetics of Clay Particle Deposition on Pulp Fibers. B. Alince, J. Petlicki and T.G.M. van de Ven, Inv. Tec. Papel num., 105, 452-460 (1990). 96. Hydrodynamic Layer Thickness of Poly(ethylene oxide) Adsorbed on Polystyrene Latex. L. Couture and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces, 54, 245-260 (1991). 97. Brownian Motion of Rod-Shaped Particles Surrounded by Electrical Double Layers. G.A. Schumacher and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 87(7), 971-976 (1991). 98. Hydrodynamic Radius of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Polystyrene Latex Particles. J. Czarnecki and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 145(1), 298-300 (1991). 99. Effect of Electroviscous Drag on the Coagulation and Deposition of Electrically Charged Colloidal Particles, P. Warszynski and T.G.M. van de Ven, Advances Colloid & Interface Sci., 36, 33-63 (1991). 100. Photon Correlation Spectroscopic Studies on Bimodal Colloidal Dispersions. G.A. Schumacher and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, 7, 2060-2065 (1991). 101. Stability of Water in Oil Emulsions in Simple Shear Flow. I. Determination of the Orthokinetic Coalescence Efficiency. H. Mousa and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces, 60, 19-38 (1991). 102. Stability of Water in Oil Emulsions in Simple Shear Flow. II .The Effects of Additives on the Orthokinetic Coalescence Efficiency. H. Mousa and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces, 60, 39-51 (1991). 103. Kinetics of Colloidal Particle Deposition on Pulp Fibers. I. Deposition of Clay on Fibers of Opposite Charge. B. Alince, J. Petlicki and T .G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces, 59, 265-277 (1991). 104. Evanescent Wave Scattering Studies on Latex -Glass Interactions . G.A. Schumacher and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, 7, 2028-2033 (1991). 105. Dynamic Measurements of the Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa Receptor for Fibrinogen by Flow Cytometry .I. Methodology, Theory and Results for Two Distinct Activators . M. Frojmovic, T. Wong and T.G.M. van de Ven, Biophys. J., 59, 815-827 (1991). 106. Shear-induced Deposition of Colloidal Particles on Spheroids. J. Petlicki and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 148(1), 14-22 (1992). 107. Surface Collisions in a Viscous Fluid. T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 149 (2), 493-505 (1992). 108. Distribution in the Various Types of Particle Trajectories Near Freely Rotating Spheroids in Simple Shear Flow. J. Petlicki and T.G.M. van de Ven, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 18(2), 295-305, 1992. 109. Ferment Over Beer Bubbles. T.G.M. van de Ven and S.S. Dukhin, Physics Today, p. 15 &112, Apri11992. 110. Kinetics and Reversibility of the Adsorption of Poly(vinyl alcohol) onto Polystyrene Latex Particles. J.A. De Witt and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, 8, 788-793 (1992). 111. Colloidal Properties of Block ionomers. 2. Characterization of Reverse Micelles of Styrene-b-Methacrylic Acid and Styrene-b-Metyl Methacrylate Diblocks by Dynamic Light Scattering. A. Desjardins, T.G.M. van de

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Ven and A. Eisenberg, Macromolecules, 25, 2412-2421 (1992). 112. Collisions of Polymer-Coated Colloidal Spheres in a Linear Shear Flow. J.A. De Witt and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 151(1), 118-129 (1992). 113. Hydrodynamic Interactions Between Two Spheres Near a Solid Plane. T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 18(5), 751-764 (1992). 114. The Effect of Neutral Polymers and Electrolyte on the Stability of Aqueous Polystyrene Latex. J.A. De Witt and T.G.M. van de Ven, Adv. Colloid & Interface Sci., 42, 41-64 (1992). 115. Limitations to Steric Stability: Deposition of Fully Coated Latex Particles on Fully Coated Glass Surfaces. J.A. De Witt and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces, 66, 227-230 (1992). 116. Magnetoviscoelastic Properties of Chromium Dioxide Suspensions. L.E. Larrondo and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Rheol., 36(7), 1275-1289 (1992). 117. Adhesion Kinetics of Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes by Evanescent Wave Light Scattering. Z. Xia and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, 8, 2938-2946 (1992). 118. Stability of Clay Suspensions -Effect of pH and Polyethylenimine. B. Alince and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 155, 465-470 (1993). 119. Particle Deposition on Pulp Fibers: The Influence of Added Chemicals. T.G.M. van de Ven, Nordic Pulp & Paper Research J., 1(8), 130-134 (1993). 120. Electrokinetic Lift of Small Particles. T.G.M. van de Ven, P. Warszynski and S.S. Dukhin, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 157, 328-330 (1993). 121. Kinetics of Colloidal Particle Deposition on Pulp Fibers. 2. Deposition of Clay on Fibers in the Presence of Poly(ethylenimine). B. Alince and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces A: Physicochemical & Engineering Aspects, 71, 105-114 (1993). 122. A Spherical Particle Surrounded by a Thin Double Layer in a Simple Shear Flow. A.S. Dukhin and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 158, 85-95 (1993). 123. Kinetics of Specific and Nonspecific Adhesion of Red Blood Cells on Glass. Z. Xia, H.L. Goldsmith and T.G.M. van de Ven, Biophysical J., 65, 1073-1083 (1993). 124. Particle Deposition on Partially Coated Surfaces. T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces A: Physicochem. & Engineering Aspects, 75, 95-104 (1993). 125. Attractive Electroviscous Forces. T.G.M. van de Ven, P. Warszynski and S.S. Dukhin, Colloids & Surfaces A: Physicochem. & Engineering Aspects, 79, 33-41 (1993). 126. Motion of Latex Spheres Tethered to a Surface. T. Dabros, P. Warszynski and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 162, 254-256 (1994). 127. Collision-lnduced Dispersion of Droplets Attached to Solid Particles. T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 163, 28-36 (1994). 128. Adsorption of Polyethylenimine onto Cellulose Fibers. J. Petlicki and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 83, 9-23 (1994). 129. Flow-induced Detachment of Red Blood Cells Adhering to Surfaces by Specific Antigen-Antibody Bonds. Z. Xia, H.L. Goldsmith and T.G.M. van de Ven, Biophysical J., 66, 1222-1230, (1994). 130. Kinetic Aspects of Polymer and Polyelectrolyte Adsorption on Surfaces. T.G.M. van de Ven, Advances Colloid Interface Sci., 48, 121-140 (1994). 131. Electrokinetic Characterization of Polydisperse Colloidal Particles. A.S. Dukhin and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 165, 9-18 (1994). 132. Trajectories of Charged Tracer Particles Around a Charged Sphere in Simple Shear Flow. A.S. Dukhin and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Fluid Mech., 263, 185-205 (1994). 133. Dynamic Light Scattering of Suspensions of PEO-coated Latex Particles. M. Polverari and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical & Engineering Aspects, 86, 209-228 (1994). 134. Kinetics of Deposition of Calcium Carbonate Particles onto Pulp Fibres. M. Kamiti and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 20(7), 1199-1205 (1994). 135. Colloidal Particle Scattering: A New Method to Measure Surface Forces. T.G.M. van de Ven, P. Warszynski, X. Wu and T. Dabros, Langmuir, 10, 3046-3056 (1994). 136. Modeling the Flow and the Deposition of Fillers in Packed Beds of Pulp Fibres. M. Al-Jabari, A.R.P. van Heiningen and T. G .M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 20(9), 1249-1253 (1994). 137. Experimental Study of Deposition of Clay Particles in Packed Beds of Pulp Fibers. M. Al-Jabari, A.R.P. van Heiningen and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 20(10), 1289-1295 (1994). 138. Kinetics of Lumen Loading. J. Petlicki and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 20(12), 1375-1382 (1994) 139. The flow of dilute polyethylene oxide solutions through packed beds of pulp fibres. T. Picaro and T.G.M. van de Ven J. Pulp Paper Sci., 21(10), 113-118 (1995). 140. Effect of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) on the Stability and Flocculation of Clay Dispersions. L. Lapcik, B. Alince and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 21(1), 119-124 (1995).

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141. Solutions of the Shear-Induced Coalescence Equations for Polydisperse Emulsion Droplets using Monte Carlo and Moments Techniques. H. Mousa and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces, A: Physicochem. & Engineering Aspects, 95, 221-228 (1995). 142. Kinetics of Surface Coagulation. M. Kamiti, T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 172, 459-466 (1995). 143. Effect of Flow on the Distribution of Colloidal Particles near Surfaces Studied by Evanescent Wave Light Scattering. M. Polverari and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, 11, 1870-1876 (1995). 144. Electrostatic and Steric Interactions in Particle Deposition Studied by Evanescent Wave Light Scattering. M. Polverari and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 173, 343-353 (1995). 145. Impinging Jet Studies of the Kinetics of Deposition and Dissolution of Calcium Carbonate Particles M. Kamiti and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 100, 117-129 (1995). 146. Measurements of Spring Constants of Polyacrylamide Chains Bridging Particles to a Solid Surface. M. Kamiti and T.G.M. van de Ven, Macromolecules, 29, 1191-1194 (1996). 147. Electrokinetic Lift: Observations and Comparisons with Theories. X. Wu, P. Warszynski and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 180, 61-69 (1996). 148. Effects of Surface Topography, pH and Salt on the Adsorption of Polydisperse Polyethylenimine onto Pulp Fibers. B. Alince, A.Vanerek and T.G.M. van de Ven, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 100(6), 954-962 (1996). 149. Heteroflocculation by Asymmetric Polymer Bridging. T.G.M. van de Ven and B. Alince, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 181, 73-78 (1996). 150. Characterizing Polymers with an Impinging Jet. T.G.M. van de Ven and S.J. Kelemen, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 181,118-123 (1996). 151. Particle Elutriation from a Spouted Bed of Recycled Pulp Fibres. M. Al-Jabari, M.E. Weber and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 22(7),1231-1236 (1996). 152. Association-lnduced Polymer Bridging: New Insights into the Retention of Fillers with PEO. T.G.M. van de Ven and B. Alince, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 22(7), 1257-1263 (1996). 153. Characterization of Hairy Latex Particles with Colloidal Particle Scattering. X. Wu and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, 12(16), 3859-3865 (1996). 154. Dilute Aqueous Poly(ethylene oxide) Solutions: Clusters and Single Molecules in Thermodynamic Equilibrium. M. Polverari and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Physical Chemistry, 100,32,13687-13695 (1996). 155. Modeling Fines Elutriation from a Spouted Bed of Pulp Fibers. M. Al-Jabari, M.E. Weber and T.G.M. van de Ven, Chem.Eng. Comm.,148-150, 465-476 (1996). 156. Keeping Pace with Colloids in Motion. T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, 12(22), 5254-5262 (1996). 157. Dynamic Interactions between Polyethylene Oxide Layers Adsorbed on Latex Beads. X. Wu and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 183, 388-396 (1996). 158. Effect of a Cofactor on the Polymer Bridging of Latex Particles to Glass by Polyethylene Oxide. H. Takase and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloid & Surfaces, A: Physicochemical & Engineering Aspects, 118, 115-120 (1996). 159. Stability of Ground and Precipitated CaCO3 Suspensions in the Presence of Polyethylenimine and Salt. S. Suty, B. Alince and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 22(9), 1321-1326 (1996). 160. Liquid Spouting of Pulp Fibers in a Conical Vessel. M. Al-Jabari, T.G.M. van de Ven and M.E. Weber, Canadian J. Chemical Engineering, 74, 867-875 (1996). 161. Retarded van der Waals Forces between Triblock-Coated Latex Spheres. X. Wu and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, 12, 6291-6294 (1996). 162. Ground and Precipitated CaCO3 Deposition on Fibers in the Presence of PEO and Kraft Lignin. B. Alince, J. Porubska and T.G.M. van de Ven., Paper Technology, 38(2), 51-54 (1997). 163. Effects of Sodium Oleate and Calcium Chloride on the Deposition of Latex Particles on an Air/Water Interface. P. Harwot and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,121, 229-237 (1997). 164. Effect of Polyethylene Oxide and Kraft Lignin on the Stability of Clay and its Deposition on Fibers. B. Alince and T.G.M. van de Ven, Tappi, 80(8), 181-186 (1997). 165. Mechanisms of Fines and Filler Retention with PEO/Cofactor Dual Retention Aid Systems. T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 23(9), 1447-1451 (1997). 166. The Flocculation of Fines by PEO/Cofactor Retention Aid Systems. A. Carignan, G. Gamier and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 24(3), 94-99 (1998). 167. Effect of Deinking Chemicals on the Deposition of Fines and Fillers on an Air- Water Interface. O. Drabek, J. Sterne and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 24(4), 116-120 (1998). 168. The Capture of Colloidal Particles on Surfaces and in Porous Material: Basic Principles. T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 138, 207-216 (1998). 169. Stability of Ground and Precipitated CaCO3 Suspensions in the Presence of Polyethylene Oxide and

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Kraft Lignin. M. Cechova, B. Alince, T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Eng. Aspects 141, 153-160 (1998). 170. The equilibrium between the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide by oxygen and the dismutation of peroxyl or superoxide radicals in aqueous solutions in contact with oxygen. J. Petlicki and T.G.M. van de Ven, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Faraday Transactions, 94, 2763-2767 (1998). 171. Deposition of hairy latex particles onto a glass surface. C. Thun and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 145, 205-212 (1998). 172. Effects of dextran on the deposition of latex on a glass surface. C. Thun and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 146, 19-24 (1999). 173. Colloidal forces between emulsified water droplets in toluene-diluted bitumen. X. Wu, T .G .M. van de Ven and J. Czarnecki, Colloids & Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 149, 577-583 (1999). 174. Poly(propylene imine) dendrimers as retention aid for the deposition of calcium carbonate on pulp fibers. G.J.M. Koper, A. Vanerek and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci, 25(3), 81-83 (1999). 175. Characterizing the surface of latex particles with a microcollider. T.G.M. van de Ven and X. Wu, Colloids and Surfaces A : 153, 4543-4548 (1999) 176. Effect of fibre conductivity on zeta potential measurements of pulp fibres. T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp and Paper Sci. 25(7), 243-245 (1999) 177. Flocculation of clay particles with poorly and well-dissolved polyethylene oxide. D. Kratochvil, B. Alince and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 25(9), 331-335 (1999). 178. Efficiency of AKD sizing in mixed hardwood-softwood furnishes. P. Ramamurthy, A. Vanerek, T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 26(2), 72-75 (2000). 179. Association in Solution and Adsorption at an Air-water Interface of Alternating Copolymers of Maleic Anhydride and Styrene. G. Garnier, M. Duskova-Smrckova, R. Vyhnalkova, T.G.M. van de Ven, J-F. Revol, Langmuir 16(8), 3735-3763 (2000). 180. Colloidal behavior of ground and precipitated calcium carbonate fillers: Effects of cationic polyelectrolytes and water quality. A. Vanerek, B. Alince and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp and Paper Sci., 26(4), 135-139 (2000). 181. Polymers and Polyelectrolytes in wet-end papermaking. T.G.M. van de Ven, Japan Tappi Journal 54(4), 516-522 (2000). 182. Simulation of paper machine twin-wire forming section. V. Donat, J. Paris and T.G.M. van de Ven, Journal Pulp Paper Sci., 26(8), 284-288 (2000). 183. Interaction of calcium carbonate fillers with pulp fibers: effect of surface charge and cationic polyelectrolytes. A. Vanerek, B. Alince and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 26(9), 317-322 (2000). 184. Electroviscous forces on a charged cylinder moving near a charged wall. P. Warszynski and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 223(1), 1-15 (2000). 185. A model for the adsorption of polyelectrolytes on pulp fibers: Relation between fiber structure and polyelectrolyte properties. T.G.M. van de Ven, Nordic Pulp and Paper Res. J. 15(5), 494-501 (2001) 186. Mechanism of polyacrylamide-bentonite microparticulate retention aids. T. Asselman, B. Alince, G. Garnier and T.G.M. van de Ven, Nordic Pulp and Paper Res. J. 15(5), 515-519 (2001). 187. Electroviscous phenomena in colloidal dispersions. T.G.M. van de Ven, Chem. Eng. Sci. 56, 2947-2955 (2001) 188. Deposition of calcium carbonate particles on fiber surfaces induced by cationic polyelectrolyte and bentonite. B. Alince, F. Bednar and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 190(1-2), 71-80 (2001). 189. Deinking of recycled fibers in a flotation flow loop. T.G.M. van de Ven, C.P. Sauvé and G. Garnier, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physiochemical and Eng. Aspects 192, 53-60 (2001). 190. Modélisation de la rétention des particules fines sur la table plate d’une machine à papier. D. Samkocwa, J. Ruiz, T.G.M. van de Ven, and J. Paris, J. Pulp Paper Sci. 28(1), 1-5 (2002) 191. Molecular modeling of poly(ethylene oxide) model cofactors: 1,3,6 – tri-O-galloyl-D-glucose and corilagin. R. Gaudreault, T.G.M. van de Ven and M.A. Whitehead, J. of Molecular Modeling, 8, 73-80 (2002). 192. Adsorption of yellowing inhibitors on mechanical pulp. K. Saint-Cyr, T.G.M. van de Ven, G. Garnier, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 28(37), 78-83 (2002) 193. Light scattering and microporosity of paper. B. Alince, J. Porubská and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci. 28(3), 93-98 (2002) 194. Clay particle deposition in a fibre web: An alternative way of filling paper? B. Alince, A. Vanerek and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci. 28 (9), 315-321 (2002) 195. Homo- and heteroflocculation of papermaking fines and fillers. J. Porubská, B. Alince and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces A 210, 223-230 (2002) 196. Continuous separation of fines from fibers in a wedge-shaped vessel. M. Al-Jabari, M.W. Weber and T.G.M. van de Ven, Separation Science and Technology 38(10), 2165-2182 (2003) 197. Rheological properties of concentrated latex suspensions of poly(styrene-butadiene). L. Craciun, P.J.

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Carreau, M.-C. Heuzey, T.G.M. van de Ven and M. Moan, Rheol. Acta, 42, 410-420 (2003) 198. Distribution of dissolved and colloidal substances on the formation and press sections of a paper machine. V. Donat, T.G.M. van de Ven and J. Paris., J. Pulp Paper Sci. 29 (9), 294-298 (2003) 199. Adsorption of modified starch on porous glass. M. Shirazi, T.G.M. van de Ven and G. Garnier, Langmuir, 19, 10829-10834 (2003) 200. Adsorption of modified starch on pulp fibers. M. Shirazi, T.G.M. van de Ven and G. Garnier. Langmuir, 19, 10835-10842 (2003) 201. Polyethylene oxide disentanglement. F. Bednar, Z. Périn-Levasseur, T.G.M. van de Ven and J. Paris, J Pulp Paper Sci. 30 (2), 49-52 (2004) 202. The performance of a PEO-cofactor-bentonite retention and drainage aid system on a laboratory twinwire sheet former. C. Pigeon, G. Garnier and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci. 30 (4), 112-116 (2004) 203. Starch penetration into paper in a size press. M. Shirazi, N. Esmail, G. Garnier, and Theo van de Ven, Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 25(4), 457-468 (2004) 204. Study of the water conformation around hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of styrene-maleic anhydride. C. Malardier-Jugroot, T.G.M. van de Ven and M.A. Whitehead, J .Mol Structure (THEOCHEM) 679, 171177 (2004) 205. Lumen Loading Magnetic Paper I: Flocculation S. Zakaria, B. H. Ong and T. G. M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 251(1-3), 1-4 (2004) 206. Lumen Loading Magnetic Paper II: Mechanism and Kinetics. S. Zakaria, B. H. Ong and T. G. M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 251(1-3), 31-36 (2004) 207. PEO-induced fines flocculation: effects of dissolution and shear history. T.G.M. van de Ven, M.A. Qasaimeh and J. Paris, Colloids & Surfaces A., Colloids Surfaces A, 248, 151-166 (2004). 208. Filling of wet paper with the use of a secondary headbox. A. Vanerek, T.G.M. van de Ven and G. Garnier, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 43, 2280-2286 (2004) 209. Characterisation of a novel self-assembly of an alternating copolymer into nanotues in solution, C. Malardier-Jugroot, T.G.M. van de Ven and M.A. Whitehead, NSTI-Nanotech, 3, 276-279 (2004) 210. Fines deposition on fibers and fines flocculation in a turbulent flow loop. T.G.M. van de Ven, M. Abdallah Qasaimeh and J. Paris, Industrial & Eng. Chem Research, 44, 1291-129 (2005). 211. Characterization of a novel self-association of an alternating copolymer into nanotubes in solution. C. Malardier-Jugroot, T.G.M. van de Ven and M.A. Whitehead, Molecular Simulation, 31(2–3), 173–178 (2005). 212. Association-induced polymer bridging by poly(ethylene oxide)–cofactor flocculation systems. T.G.M. van de Ven, Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci. 114-115, 147-157 (2005) 213. Physicochemical aspects of catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by manganese compounds, J. Petlicki, D. Palusova and T.G.M. van de Ven, Industrial Eng. Chem. Research, 44, 2002-2010 (2005). 214. Mechanisms of flocculation with poly(ethylene oxide) and novel cofactors. R. Gaudreault, T.G.M. van de Ven and M.A. Whitehead, Colloids & surfaces A, 268, 131-146 (2005). 215. Novel self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers into nanotubes: characterization by small- angle neutron scattering, C. Malardier-Jugroot, T.G.M. van de Ven, T. Cosgrove, R.M. Richardson and M.A. Whitehead, Langmuir, 21, 10179-10187 (2005). 216. Linear conformation of poly(styrene-alt. maleic anhydride) capable of self-assembly: a result of chain stiffening by internal hydrogen bonds, C. Malardier-Jugroot, T.G.M. van de Ven and M.A. Whitehead, J. Phys. Chem. B. 109, 7022-7032 (2005) 217. Delamination and flocculation efficiency of sodium-activated kaolin and montmorillonite, A. Vanerek, B. Alince and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces A 273 193-201 (2006) 218. Electroviscous cylinder-wall interactions, M. Tabatabei, A. Rey and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 295 (2), 504-519 (2006) 219. Coacervate complex formation between polyacrylamide and sulfonated kraft lignin, A. Vanerek and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces A 273, 55-62 (2006) 220. Interactions between fibers and colloidal particles subjected to flow, T.G.M van de Ven, Annual Transactions Nordic Rheology Society, 14, 9-18 (2006) 221. A theoretical study of the interactions of water with gallic acid and a PEO/TGG complex, R. Gaudreault, T.G.M. van de Ven and M.A.Whitehead, Molecular Simulation, 32(1), 17- 27 (2006) 222. Molecular orbital studies of gas-phase interactions between complex molecules, R. Gaudreault, T.G.M. van de Ven and M.A.Whitehead, J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 3689-3702 (2006) 223. Bentonite delamination induced by pulp fibers under high shear monitored by calcium carbonate deposition, A. Vanerek and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids ans Surfaces A 280, 1-8 (2006) 224. New method to determine the viscoelastic properties of admicelles around the stick-slip transition, C. Cheikh, G.J.M. Koper and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir 22, 5991-5993 (2006) 225. A bridging model for the effects of a dual component flocculation system on the strength of fiber contacts in flocs of pulp fibers: implications for control of paper uniformity, B.-U. Cho, G. Garnier, T.G.M. van de

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Ven and M. Perrier, Colloids and Surfaces A, 287(1-3), 117-125 (2006) 226. Electroviscous sphere-wall interactions, M. Tabatabei, A. Rey and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 301(1), 291-301(2006) 227. Polyethylene oxide induced fines flocculation and retention: from bench top experiments to paper machine performance, M.R. Wu, J. Paris and T.G.M. van de Ven, Nordic Pulp Paper Research J. 21(5), 646-652 (2006) 228. The effect of polyelectrolytes on the wet–web strength of paper, B. Alince, A. Vanerek, M.H. de Oliveira, and T.G.M. van de Ven, Nordic Pulp Paper Research J. 21(5), 653-658 (2006) 229. Ultrasonic characterization of proteins and blood cells, A.S. Dukhin, P.J. Goetz and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 53(2), 121-126 (2006) 230. Adsorption of toluidine blue on pulp fibers, T.G.M. van de Ven, K. Saint-Cyr and M. Allix, Colloids and Surfaces A, 294, 1-7 (2007) 231. The effect of calcium ions on the efficiency of polyethylene oxide–cofactor retention aid systems, T.G.M. van de Ven, M. Abdallah Qasaimeh, C. Pigeon and J. Paris, Colloids and Surfaces A, 297, 79-83 (2007) 232. Entropy production for cylinder drying of linerboard and newsprint, G.J.M. Koper, S. Kjelstrup, T.G.M. van de Ven, M. Sadeghi and W.J.M. Douglas, Int. J. Heat & Mass Transfer 50, 1344-1355 (2007) 233. Flocculation of starch-coated solidified emulsion droplets and calcium carbonate particles, A. Poraj-Kozminski, R. J. Hill and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid and Interface Science, 309, 99-105 (2007) 234. Flocculation of papermaking fines by poly(ethylene oxide) and various cofactors: Effects of PEO entanglement, salt and fines properties, M. R. Wu, J. Paris and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces A, 303, 211-218 (2007) 235. Flocculation, retention and drainage in papermaking: a comparative study of polymeric additives, M. Cadotte, M.-E. Tellier, A. Blanco, E. Fuente, T.G.M. van de Ven and J. Paris, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 85 (2), 240-248 (2007) 236. Asymmetric polymer bridging between starch-coated colloidal particles and pulp fibers by cationic polyacrylamide, A. Poraj-Kozminski, R. J. Hill and T.G.M. van de Ven, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 85 (5), 580-585 (2007) 237. Pilot paper machine trials on retention of fresh and recirculated fines with a PEO/cofactor retention aid system, M.R. Wu, T.G.M. van de Ven and J. Paris, J. Pulp Paper Sci. 33(3), 1-7 (2007) 238. Transient entanglements and clusters in dilute polymer solutions, F. Bednar, M. H. de Oliveira, J. Paris and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pol. Sci. B (Pol. Phys.) 46, 253-262 (2008) 239. Effect of chirality on -stacking in styrene and maleimide alternating copolymers, T.D. Lazzara, M.A. Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Phys. Chem. B. 112, 4892-4899 (2008) 240. Loading and release mechanisms of a biocide in PS-b-PAA block-copolymer micelles, R. Vyhnalkova, A. Eisenberg and T.G.M. van de Ven , J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 6477-8485 (2008) 241. Nanotube self-assembly of a styrene and maleimide alternating copolymer, T. D. Lazzara, T.G.M. van de Ven and M.A. Whitehead, Macromolecules, 41, 6747-6751 (2008). 242. Capillary forces in wet paper, T.G.M. van de Ven, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47, 7250-7257 (2008) 243. AFM-based single molecule force spectroscopy of polymer chains: theoretical models and applications, H.Z. Wei and T.G.M. van de Ven, Applied Spectroscopy Rev. 43, 111-133 (2008) 244. Adsorption behavior of dinucleotides on bare and Ru-modified glassy carbon electrode surfaces, H.Z. Wei, T.G.M. van de Ven, S. Omanovic and Y.W. Zeng, Langmuir, 24(21), 12375-12384 (2008) 245. The role of fiber entanglement in the strength of wet papers, M.H. de Oliveira, M. Maric, and T.G.M. van de Ven, Nord. Pulp Paper Res. J. 23(4), 426-431 (2008). 246. On-line focused beam reflectance measurements of flocculation on a pilot paper machine, M.R. Wu and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Pulp Paper Sci. 35(1), 1-6 (2009). 247. Flocculation kinetics of precipitated calcium carbonate, R. Gaudreault, R., N. Di Cesare, D. Weitz and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces A, 340, 56-65 (2009) 248. Flocculation and reflocculating: interplay between the adsorption behavior of the components of a dual flocculant, M.R. Wu and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces A, 341, 40-45 (2009) 249. Polymer templated synthesis of AgCN and Ag nanowires, T. D. Lazzara, G. Bourret, B. Lennox and T.G.M. van de Ven, Chem. Mater. 21, 2020-2026 (2009) 250. Effects of fillers on the wet web strength of paper, M.H. de Oliveira, A. Tejado, and T.G.M. van de Ven, Nord. Pulp Paper Res. J. 24(2), 141-147 (2009) 251. Linear nano-templates of styrene and maleic anhydride alternating copolymers, T. D. Lazzara, M.A. Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, European Polymer Journal, 45, 1883-1890 (2009) 252. Effect of unassembled phage protein complexes on the attachment to cellulose of genetically modified bacteriophages containing cellulose binding modules, Z. Li, M. Tolba, M. Griffiths and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 76, 529-534 (2010) 253. Comparisons of modified effective medium theory with experimental data on shear thinning of concentrated latex dispersions, K. Takamura and T. G. M. van de Ven, J. Rheology, 54(1), 1-26 (2010)

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254. Tangential electroviscous drag on a sphere surrounded by a thin double layer near a wall for arbitrary particle-wall separations, S.M. Tabatabei, and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Fluid Mech. 656, 360-406 (2010) 255. Why does paper get stronger as it dries?, A. Tejado and T.G.M. van de Ven, Materials Today, 13(9), 5461 (2010) 256. Bactericidal Block Copolymer Micelles, R. Vyhnalkova, A. Eisenberg and T.G.M. van de Ven, Macromolecular Bioscience, 11(5), 639-651 (2011) 257. Multilayered polymeric nanotubes bending elasticity from optical-tweezers micromechanics, B. Huang, J.A. van Heiningen, R.J. Hill and T.G.M. van de Ven, Soft Matter, 7, 3936–3946 (2011) 258. Wet cross-linking of cellulose fibers via a bioconjugation reaction, A. Tejado, M. Antal, X. Liu, and T.G.M. van de Ven, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 50, 5907–5913 (2011) 259. Bacterial capture efficiency and antimicrobial activity of phage-functionalized model surfaces, Z. Hosseinidoust, T.G.M. van de Ven and N. Tufenkji, Langmuir, 27, 5472–5480 (2011) 260. Bridging flocculation of PEI-functionalized latex particles using nanocrystalline cellulose, L. Manfredi, R.J. Hill and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 360, 117–123 (2011) 261. Electro-optics of polymer nanotube dispersions, B. Huang, T.G.M. van de Ven and R.J. Hill, J. Phys. Chem. C, 115, 8447–8456 (2011) 262. Fractionating polydisperse polyelectrolytes in packed beds of cellulose fibers, T.G.M. van de Ven, L. Ciovica and N. Tufenkji, Colloids and Surfaces A, 385, 134–138 (2011) 263. Deactivation Efficiency of Stabilized Bactericidal Emulsions, R. Vyhnalkova, A. Eisenberg and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir 27, 11296–11305 (2011) 264. Preparation and characterization of multilayered polymer nanotubes dispersions, B. Huang, T.G.M. van de Ven and R.J. Hill, Langmuir, 27, 11416–11429 (2011) 265. Pitch deposition at the solid-liquid interface: Effect of surface hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and cation specificity, R. Lee, G. Garnier, T. Lewis, D. Richardson, T.G.M. van de Ven, K. Stack, Colloids & Surfaces A, 388, 84– 90, (2011) 266. Quantitative analysis of cationic PVA diffusion into cellulose fiber pores: charge density effect, P. Fatehi, H. Xiao, T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, Langmuir 27, 13489–13496 (2011) 267. Dendrimers as Bactericides, A. Castonguay, E. Ladd, T.G.M. van de Ven and A. Kakkar, (Focus) New J. Chem., 36, 199-204 (2012) 268. Salt-induced acceleration of chemical reactions in cellulose nanopores, Md. N. Alam, M. Antal, A. Tejado and T.G.M. van de Ven, Cellulose: 19(2), 517-522 (2012) 269. Nanopaper: Thin Films Prepared from Polymeric Nanotubes. B. Huang, R.J. Hill, T.G.M. van de Ven, Macromol.Mater. Eng. 297, 000–000 (2012) 270. Energy requirements for the disintegration of cellulose fibers into cellulose nanofibers, A. Tejado, Md. N. Alam, M. Antal, H. Yang, T.G.M. van de Ven, Cellulose, 19, 831-842 (2012) 271. Films prepared from electrosterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose, H. Yang, A. Tejado, N. Alam, M. Antal and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, 28 (20), 7834–7842 (2012) 272. Ten million fold reduction of live bacteria by bactericidal filter paper, R. Vyhnalkova, N. Mansur-Azzam, A. Eisenberg and T.G.M. van de Ven,, Advanced Functional Materials, 22,(19), 4096–4100 (2012). 273. Predation in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Phage Environments Affects Virulence Determinants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Z. Hosseinidoust, N. Tufenkji and T.G.M. van de Ven, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 79, 2862-2871 (2013). 274. Biofilm formation under phage predation: considerations about biofilm increase, Z. Hosseinidoust, N. Tufenkji and T.G.M. van de Ven, Biofouling, 29(4), 457-468 (2013). 275. Evolution of in vitro virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a result of phage predation, Z. Hosseinidoust, T.G.M. van de Ven, and N. Tufenkji, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 79 (19), 6110-6116 (2013). 276. Binder–block copolymer micelle interactions in bactericidal filter paper, N. Mansur-Azzam, S,G. Woo, A. Eisenberg, and T.G.M. van de Ven , Langmuir, 29 (31), 9783–9789 (2013). 277. Bubbles and drops on curved surfaces, M. Soleimani, R.J. Hill and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, 29 (46), 14168–14177 (2013). 278. Highly charged nanocrystalline cellulose and dicarboxylated cellulose from periodate and chlorite oxidized cellulose fibers” H. Yang, Md. N. Alam and T.G.M. van de Ven, Cellulose 20, 1865–1875 (2013). 279. Internally crosslinked and hydrophobically modified cellulose fibers, Z. Sabzalian, Md. N. Alam and T.G.M. van de Ven, Cellulose 21, 1381–1393 (2014). 280. In-house development of paper force sensors for musical applications”, R. Koehly, M.M. Wanderley, T.G.M. van de Ven and D. Curtil, Computer Music Journal, 38 (2) , 22-35 (2014) 281. An improved methodology for imaging cellulose nanocrystals by transmission electron microscopy, M. Kaushik, W. C. Chen, T.G.M. van de Ven, A. Moores, Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 29 (1), 77-84 (2014). 282. Bacteria survival probability in bactericidal filter paper, N. Mansur-Azzam, Z. Hosseinidoust, S.G. Woo,

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R. Vyhnalkova, A. Eisenberg and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces B, 117 (1), 383-388 (2014). 283. Crystallinity-driven morphological ripening processes for poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polycaprolactone micelles in water, G. Rizis, T.G.M. van de Ven and A. Eisenberg, Soft Matter 10, 2825-2835 (2014). 284. “Raft” formation by two-dimensional self-assembly of block copolymer rod micelles in aqueous solution, G. Rizis, T.G.M. van de Ven and A. Eisenberg, Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 126, 9146-9149 (2014) 285. Superhydrophobic foam-like cellulose made of hydrophobized cellulose fibres, A. Tejado, W.C. Chen, Md N. Alam and T.G M. van de Ven, Cellulose 21, 1735–1743 (2014). 286. Intrinsic viscosity of aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanofibrils, L. Jowkarderis and T.G M. van de Ven Cellulose 21, 2511–2517 (2014). 287. Electroacoustic characterization of conventional and electrosterically-stabilized nanocrystalline celluloses, S. Safari, A. Sheikhi, T. G. M. van de Ven, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 432 (10), 151-157 (2014). 288. Structure of swollen carboxylated cellulose fibers. G. Sim, Md N. Alam, L. Godbout and T.G.M. van de Ven, Cellulose, 21 (6), 4595-4606 (2014) 289. An aqueous process for the separation of cellulose from biomass, Md N. Alam and T.G.M. van de Ven, J-FOR, Journal of Science & Technology for Forest Products and Processes:.4 (3) 22-26 (2014) 290. Isolation and characterization of the S3 layer from carboxymethylated cellulose wood fibers. G. Sim and T.G.M. van de Ven, Cellulose 22, 45-52 (2015) 291. Intrinsic viscosity of suspensions of electrosterically stabilized nanocrystals of cellulose, G. Lenfant, M. C. Heuzey, T. G. M. van de Ven and P. J. Carreau, Cellulose, 22 (2), 1109-1122 (2015) 292. Homopolymers as structure-driving agents in semicrystalline block copolymer micelles, G. Rizis, T.G.M. van de Ven and A. Eisenberg, ACS Nano 9 (4), 3627–3640 (2015) 293. Rheology of semi-dilute suspensions of carboxylated cellulose nanofibrils, L. Jowkarderis and T.G M. van de Ven, Carbohydrate Polymers, 123, 416-423 (2015) 294. Effect of crystallization conditions on the physical properties of a two-layer glassine paper/ polyhydroxybutyrate structure, S. Safari and T.G.M. van de Ven, Journal of Materials Science 50 (10), 3686-3696 (2015) 295. The structure and strength of flocs of precipitated calcium carbonate induced by various polymers used in papermaking, R. Gaudreault, N. Di Cesare, T.G.M. van de Ven and D. Weitz, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 54, 6234−6246 (2015) 296. Preparation and characterization of sterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose obtained by periodate oxidation of cellulose fibers. H. Yang, D. Chen and T. G.M. van de Ven, Cellulose 22, 1743–175 (2015) 297. Liquid bridge breakup in contact-drop dispensing: Liquid bridge stability with a free contact line, A. Akbari, R.J. Hill and T.G.M. van de Ven, Phys. Rev. E, 92, 022404 (1-16) (2015). 298. An elastocapillary model of wood-fibre collapse upon drying, A. Akbari, R.J. Hill, T.G.M. van de Ven, Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 471 (20), 1501-84 (2015) 299. Elasto-capillary collapse of circular tubes as a model for cellulosic wood fibres, M. Soleimani, R. J. Hill and T.G.M. van de Ven, Journal of Materials Science 50 (15) 15, 5337-5347 (2015) 300. Qualitative and quantitative detection of T7 bacteriophages using paper based sandwich ELISA, M.S. Khan, T. Pandeb and T.G.M. van de Ven, Colloids & Surfaces B, Biointerfaces 132, 264-270 (2015) 301. Capillary Force between Flexible Filaments, M. Soleimani, R.J. Hill and T.G.M. van de Ven, Langmuir, 31 (30), 8328–8334 (2015) 302. Hydrophobic Cellulose: A Material that expands upon drying, W.C. Chen, A. Tejado, Md N. Alam, T.G.M. van de Ven, Cellulose 22, 2749-2754 (2015) 303. Theoretical Calculation of Antigen-Antibody Interactions for the Development of Antibody Based Filters, M.S. Khan, M.A. Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 9 (3), 2231-3443 (2015) 304. Copper removal using electrosterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose, A. Sheikhi, S. Safari and T.G.M. van de Ven, ACS Appl. Mater Interfaces, 7 (21):11301-8 (2015) 305. Spherical Cellulose Gel Particles with Donut-Shaped Interior Structures, G. Sim and T.G.M. van de Ven, Cellulose 22, 1019-1026 (2015) 306. Cellulose nanocrystals with tunable surface charge for biomedical applications, Z. Hosseinidoust, Md. N. Alam, G. Sim, N. Tufenkji and T.G.M. van de Ven, Nanoscale, 7, 16647–16657 (2015) 307. Catenoid stability with a free contact line, A. Akbari, R.J. Hill, T.G.M. van de Ven, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 75(5), 2110–2127 (2015) 308. Mesh size analysis of cellulose nanofibril hydrogels with solute exclusion and PFG-NMR spectroscopy, L. Jowkarderis and T.G.M. van de Ven, Soft Matter 11(47), 9201-9210 (2015) 309. Origin of the Twist of Cellulosic Materials: Calculations on Cellulose Molecules and Crystalloids, K. Conley, L. Godbout, M.A. Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, Carbohydrate Polymers 135, 285-299 (2016) 310. Stability and folds in an elastocapillary system, A. Akbari, R.J. Hill and T.G.M. van de Ven , SIAM J. Appl. Math. 76(1), 87–109 (2016)

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311. Macromolecule based platform for developing tailor made formulations for scale inhibition, A. Kakkar, A. Sheikhi, N. Li and T.G.M. van de Ven. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 2, 71-84 (2016) 312. Highly stable advanced functional nanoparticles and polymers from wood fibres: Towards sustainable nanotechnology, A. Sheikhi, H. Yang, Md. N. Alam and T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Vis. Exp. (113), e54133, doi:10.3791/54133 (2016). 313. A bottom-up route to a chemically end-to-end assembly of nanocellulose fibers, H. Yang and T.G.M. van de Ven, Biomacromolecules 17(6), 2240-2247 (2016) 314. Morphological changes of sterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose after periodate oxidation, D. Chen and T.G.M. van de Ven, Cellulose (2016) 23: 1051. doi:10.1007/s10570-016-0862-9 315. Transparent films prepared from chemically modified cellulose fibers, G. Sim, Y. Liu and T.G.M. van de Ven, Cellulose 23 (3), 2011-2024 (2016) 316. Effect of water vapor adsorption on electrical properties of carbon nanotube/nanocrystalline cellulose composites, S. Safari and T.G.M. van de Ven, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 8(14), 9483–9489 (2016) 317. Hairy cellulose nanocrystalloids: A novel class of nanocellulose, T.G.M. van de Ven and A. Sheikhi, Nanoscale 8, 15101-15114 (2016) 318. A leaf out of nature’s book: Hairy nanocelluloses for bioinspired mineralization, A. Sheikhi, A. Kakkar and T.G.M. van de Ven, Crystal Growth and Design 16(8), 4627-4634 (2016) 319. Trapping it softly: ultrasoft zirconium metallogels for macromolecule entrapment and reconfiguration, A. Sheikhi and T.G.M. van de Ven, ACS Macro Letters 5 (8), 904-908 (2016) 320. Flocculation kinetics of precipitated calcium carbonate induced by sterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose, D. Chen and T. G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 504, 11-17 (2016) 321. Flocculation kinetics of precipitated calcium carbonate induced by electrosterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose, D. Chen and T. G.M. van de Ven, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 506, 789-793 (2016) 322. K. Conley, M.A. Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, Chemically peeling layers of cellulose nanocrystals by periodate and chlorite oxidation, Cellulose (2016) 23: 1553. doi:10.1007/s10570-016-0922-1 323. Preparation of hairy cationic nanocrystalline cellulose, H. Yang and T.G.M. van de Ven, Cellulose (2016) 23: 1791. doi:10.1007/s10570-016-0902-5 324. Reminiscences of a paper chemist: past trends and future directions, T.G.M. van de Ven, J-For 5(4), 6-13 (2016) 325. A Sensitivity Analysis of Wet-End Chemistry by Kinetic Calculations-A Case Study, R. Gaudreault, D. Pion, T.G.M. van de Ven, J-For, 5(4), 14-23 (2016) 326. Electronic structure calculations of twisted cellulose crystalloids, K. Conley, M.A. Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, J-For, 5(4), 54-61 (2016) 327. Sustainable synthesis of vaterite using a forest nano-product, A. Sheikhi and T.G.M. van de Ven, J-For 5(4), 62-66 (2016) 328. One-pot Green Synthesis of Anisotropic Silver Nanoparticles, Z. Hosseinidoust, M. Basnet. N. Tufenkji and T.G.M. van de Ven, Environmental Science: Nano (in press) Refereed conference proceedings: 1. Electrorheology of dilute colloidal dispersions. T.G.M. van de Ven, Proceedings Xth International Congress on Rheology, Sydney, Australia, August 1988, Vol.1, p.97-102 (1988). 2. Physicochemical and hydrodynamic aspects of fines and fillers retention. T.G.M. van de Ven. Trans. of 9th Fundamental Research Symp., Cambridge, Sept. 1989, “Fundamentals of Papermaking,” Vol. 1, Eds. C.F. Baker and W. Punton, Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd., London, p.471-494. 3. The effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the rheological properties of suspensions of polymer-coated particles. L. Couture and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proceedings 1991 Symp. on Paper Coating Fundamentals, Tappi, CPPA, 15-20 (1991). 4. Effects of surface and double layer polarisation on the alignment time of non-spherical particles in an electric field. T.G.M. van de Ven, Vlth International Electro-Optics Symp., Sept. 1991, Varna, Bulgaria, “Colloid and Molecular Electro-Optics 1991” , Eds. B.R. Jennings, S.P. Stoylov, Instit. of Physics Publishing, Bristol & Philadelphia, pp.71-82 (1992). 5. Comparison between electro-optical and electrorheological Fluids. T.G.M. van de Ven, Electrorheological (ER) Fluids, DOE Washington, May 1993,5.8-105.8-6. 6. Stability of electrorheological fluids. T.G.M. van de Ven, Electrorheological (ER) Fluids, DOE Washington, May 1993, 5.12-105.12-6.

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7. Modification of sheet properties by cationic latex with functional groups. M. Inoue, B. Alince, Y. Shao and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proceedings International Paper and Coating Chemistry Symposium, June 11-13, 1996, Ottawa, p. 119. 8. Ground and precipitated CaCO3 stability and interaction with pulp fibers in the presence of polyethylenimine. B. Alince and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proceedings International Paper and Coating Chemistry Symposium, June 11-13, 1996, Ottawa, p.185. 9. Porosity of swollen pulp fibers evaluated by polymer adsorption. B. Alince and T.G.M. van de Ven. Transactions of 11 the Fundamental Research Symp., Cambridge, UK, Sept. 1997, “The Fundamentals of Papermaking Materials,” Vol.2, p. 771- 788, Ed. C.F. Baker, Pira International, Surrey, UK. 10. Retention aids: From art to science. T.G.M. van de Ven, Proceedings presymposium l0th ISWP, Seoul Korea p.3-8 (1999). 11. Electroviscous forces. T.G.M. van de Ven, Proceeding of Nisshin Engineering Particle Technology International Seminar (NEPTIS-8), Kobe, p. 72-85 (1999). 12. Effect of model and fractionated TMP fines on sheet properties. B. Alince, J. Porubská and T.G.M. van de Ven, in “The Science of Papermaking” Transactions of the 12th Fundament Research Symposium, Oxford, UK, Ed. C.F. Baker, FRC, Vol 2, 1343-1356 (2001) 13. Détermination expérimentale de l’état d’enchevêtrement de l’oxide de polyethylene, F. Bednar, M. Abdallah, Z. Périn-Levasseur, T.G.M. van de Ven et J. Paris. Publication du Congrès Francophone du Papier(2002), Annexe 1, p.77-82. 14. Kinetics of CO2 evolution during H2O2 bleaching of lignin-containing pulp, C. Murphy, C. Heitner and T.G.M. van de Ven, 12th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, June 2-12, 2003, Madison, Wisc. USA, p.101-104. 15. Fines flocculation and fines retention on a laboratory twin-wire former with a PEO retention aid system, F. Bednar, Z. Périn-Levasseur, M. Qasaimeh, T.G.M. van de Ven and J. Paris Proc. International Conf. Chemical Technology of WWP, Bratislava, Slovaia,149-154 (2003) 16. Application of yellowing inhibitors on mechanical paper in a size press, M. Shirazi, N. Esmail, T.G.M. van de Ven, J. de Guzman and G. Garnier, Proceedings, 5th International Paper and Coating Chemistry Symposium, Montreal, June 16-19, 2003, p.79-83. 17. Starch penetration into paper in a size press. M . Shirazi, N. Esmail, G. Garnier, and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proceedings, 5th International Paper and Coating Chemistry Symposium, Montreal, June 16-19, 2003, p.63-71. 18. PEO-induced fines flocculation: effects of dissolution and shear history. T.G.M. van de Ven, M.A. Qasaimeh, and J. Paris, Proceedings, 5th International Paper and Coating Chemistry Symposium, Montreal, June 16-19, 2003, p.53-57 19. Filling of wet paper with the use of a secondary headbox. A. Vanerek, T.G.M. van de Ven, and G. Garnier, Proceedings, 5th International Paper and Coating Chemistry Symposium, Montreal, June 16-19, 2003, p.31-36. 20. Conformation of poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) at different pH values: formation of nanotubes in solution, C. Malardier-Jugroot, T.G.M. van de Ven, and M.A Whitehead, Proceedings, 5th International Paper and Coating Chemistry Symposium, Montreal, June 16-19, 2003, p.353-355. 21. Parameters affecting paper formation on a pilot fourdrinier using a cPAM/bentonite retention aid system. B.-U. Cho, G. Garnier, T.G.M. van de Ven and M. Perrier, Proceedings, 5th International Paper and Coating Chemistry Symposium, Montreal, June 16-19, 2003, p.193-200. 22. PEO disentanglement sensor, F. Bednar, Z. Périn-Levasseur, T.G.M. van de Ven and J. Paris,, Proceedings 90th Annual Meeting PAPTAC, Jan 2004 23. Monitoring of poly(ethylene oxide) entanglements, F. Bednar, M.H. de Oliveira, T.G.M. van de Ven and J. Paris, Proc. 90th Annual PAPTAC meeting, A 91-96, Montreal (2004) 24. Multicomponent retention aid systems. T.G.M. van de Ven, Proceedings of Scientific & Technical Advances in Wet End Chemistry, Pira Int., Industry Briefing Notes, Dec. 6, 2004, Miami, USA, paper 3. 25. Effects of various retention aids on fiber flocculation, filler retention and drainage. M. Cadotte, M.-E. Tellier, A. Blanco, T.G.M. van de Ven and J. Paris, Proceedings 91st Annual Meeting PAPTAC, Febr. 8-10, 2005, D39-46. 26. Wet-End chemistry and drainage on a laboratory twin-wire sheet former: Similarities with industrial papermaking machines, T.G.M. van de Ven, Pira, 5th Intern. Sci. & Tech. Adv. in Wet End Chem., May 31, 2005, Lisbon, Portugal 27. Filler and fines retention in papermaking, T.G.M. van de Ven, Proceedings of the 13th FRC Symposium, Cambridge, UK, September 11-16, 2005. 28. Mechanisms of flocculation of microcrystalline cellulose by poly(ethylene oxide) and cofactor corilagin, R. Gaudreault, T.G.M. van de Ven and M.A.Whitehead, Proceedings of the 13th FRC Symposium, Cambridge, UK, September 11-16, 2005 29. Fines flocculation by PEO/cofactor systems: effects of PEO entanglement and fines properties. M.R. Wu, T.G.M. van de Ven and J. Paris, Proceedings PAPTAC 92th Annual Meeting, Montreal, Febr.6-9., 2006.

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30. The role of molecular modeling in pulp and paper research, T.G.M. van de Ven, Proc. of the First Applied Pulp & Paper Molecular Modelling Symposium, (August 24-26, 2005, McCord Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Canada). p. 15-21, Editors: R. Gaudreault, M.A. Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, Design and Desktop Publishing, Montreal, 2006. 31. Semi-empirical molecular modeling of inter- and intra- molecular hydrogen bonding of sunscreen paper stabilizers, C. Williams, P. McGarry, R. St. John Manley , A. Rodenhiser, T.G.M. van de Ven and C. Heitner, The Proceedings of the First Applied Pulp & Paper Molecular Modelling Symposium (August 24-26, 2005, McCord Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Canada)., p.95-100, Editors: R. Gaudreault, M.A.Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, Design and Desktop Publishing, Montreal, 2006. 32. Salt necessary for PEO-cofactor association: The role of molecular modelling in PEO flocculation mechanisms, R. Gaudreault, T.G.M. van de Ven and M.A.Whitehead, The Proceedings of the First Applied Pulp & Paper Molecular Modelling Symposium (August 24-26, 2005, McCord Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Canada). p.155-193, Editors: R. Gaudreault, M.A.Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, Design and Desktop Publishing, Montreal, 2006. 33. Theoretical characterisation of the self-association of poly(styrene maleic anhydride) chains in water at the nanoscale level, C. Malardier-Jugroot, T.G.M. van de Ven and M.A. Whitehead, The Proceedings of the First Applied Pulp & Paper Molecular Modelling Symposium (August 24-26, 2005, McCord Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Canada). p. 257-270, Editors: R. Gaudreault, M.A.Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, Design and Desktop Publishing, Montreal, 2006. 34. Polymeric nanotubes and nanorods made from poly(styrene alt. maleic anhydride) and poly(pyrrole), C. Malardier-Jugroot, M.A. Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, The Proceedings of the First Applied Pulp & Paper Molecular Modelling Symposium (August 24-26, 2005, McCord Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Canada). p. 279, Editors: R. Gaudreault, M.A. Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, Design and Desktop Publishing, Montreal, 2006. 35. Pilot paper machine trials on retention of fresh and recirculated fines with a PEO/cofactor retention aid system, M.R. Wu, T.G.M. van de Ven and J. Paris, Proceedings PAPTAC 93th Annual Meeting, Montreal, Febr. 6-9, 2007. Vol B, p. 271-278. 36. Carbon black loaded paper: an intelligent substrate for electronic sensors design, Koehly, R., Curtil, D., van de Ven, T.G.M. and Wanderley, M.M. International Association of Research Organizations for the Information, Media and Graphic Arts Industries (IARIGAI), Grenoble, September 9-12, 2007. 37. On-line focused beam reflectance measurements of flocculation on a pilot paper machine, M.R. Wu and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proceedings PAPTAC 94th Annual Meeting, Montreal, Febr. 5-7, 2008. Vol A, p. 163-169. 38. Molecular orbital modeling of dendrimers, nanotubes and water on aragonite, M.A. Whitehead, Y. Tien, R. Hourani, A. Kakkar, T. D. Lazzara, T.G.M. van de Ven, J. Kinghorn-Taenzer and I. A. Zeeshan, Proc. Fund. Appl. Pulp Paper Mod. Symp. August 27-29, 2008, CIPP, UQTR, Trois-Rivières QC Canada, pp.23-48, UQTR Publishing, Jan 2009. 39. From sizing agents to advanced nanomaterials, T.G.M. van de Ven, T.D. Lazzara and M.A. Whitehead, Proc. Fund. Appl. Pulp Paper Mod. Symp. August 27-29, 2008, CIPP, UQTR, Trois-Rivières QC Canada, pp.63-76, UQTR Publishing, Jan 2009. 40. Quantum theory of hydrogen bonds in PEO/cofactor complexes, R. Gaudreault, M.A. Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proc. Fund. Appl. Pulp Paper Mod. Symp. August 27-29, 2008, CIPP, UQTR, Trois-Rivières QC Canada, pp.149-166, UQTR Publishing, Jan 2009. 41. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by ferric compounds, J. Petlicki and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proc. Fund. Appl. Pulp Paper Mod. Symp. August 27-29, 2008, CIPP, UQTR, Trois-Rivières QC Canada, pp.226-227, UQTR Publishing, Jan 2009. 42. Modelling the speed of sound in cellulose, Z. Sabzalian and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proc. Fund. Appl. Pulp Paper Mod. Symp. August 27-29, 2008, CIPP, UQTR, Trois-Rivières QC Canada, pp.228-229, UQTR Publishing, Jan 2009. 43. Modelling of wet paper, A.Tejado and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proc. Fund. Appl. Pulp Paper Mod. Symp. August 27-29, 2008, CIPP, UQTR, Trois-Rivières QC Canada, pp.230-231, UQTR Publishing, Jan 2009. 44. Modelling penetration of biocide into block copolymer micelles, R. Vyhnalkova, A. Eisenberg and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proc. Fund. Appl. Pulp Paper Mod. Symp. August 27-29, 2008, CIPP, UQTR, Trois-Rivières QC Canada, pp.232-233, UQTR Publishing, Jan 2009. 45. Detrimental effect of fillers on the wet web strength of paper, A. Tejado. M. de Oliveira and T.G.M. van de Ven Proc. 7th Int. Paper coating and chemistry symposium, Hamilton, Ont. Canada, June 10-12, 2009, pp. 9398. 46. The strength of wet paper: capillary forces or entanglement friction?, A. Tejado and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proc. 7th Int. Paper coating and chemistry symposium, Hamilton, Ont. Canada, June 10-12, 2009, pp. 51-56. 47. The importance of a cofactor in poly(ethylene oxide)-induced flocculation and reflocculation, M.R. Wu, and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proc. 7th Int. Paper coating and chemistry symposium, Hamilton, Ont. Canada, June

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10-12, 2009, pp. 263-276. 48. Effect of fiber hydrophobicity on the wet web strength of paper, A. Tejado and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proc. 7th Int. Paper coating and chemistry symposium, Hamilton, Ont. Canada, June 10-12, 2009 pp. 83-90. 49. The strength of wet paper: beyond capillary forces, A. Tejado and T.G.M. van de Ven, Papermaking Research Symposium, PRS 2009, June 1-4, 2009, Kuopio, Finland, Book of Abstracts, p.137; full paper on CD-ROM Proceedings. 50. Review of molecular modelling of the association between poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and cofactor, R. Gaudreault, M.A. Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proc. 7th Int. Paper coating and chemistry symposium, Hamilton, Ont. Canada, June 10-12, 2009, pp. 263-276 51. The structure and strength of flocs of precipitated calcium carbonate induced by various polymers used in papermaking, R. Gaudreault, N. Di Cesare, T.G.M. van de Ven and D. Weitz, 14th Fundamental Research Symposium, Sept. 13-18, pp. 1193-1219, 2009, Oxford UK. 52. Shear Thinning Behavior of Concentrated Latex Dispersions, K. Takamura and T.G.M. van de Ven, Macromolecular Symposia 288, Advanced Particles, Ed. H. Kawaguchi, Wiley-VCH 2010, Weinheim, pp.78-86. 53. Effect of EDC/ADH crosslinking on the wet web strength of BHKP with and without PCC loading, A. Tejado, M. Antal and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proc. 97th Ann. PAPTAC meeting, Febr. 1-3, 2011, Montreal, Canada, pp.54-57. 54. Effect of lumen collapse on the strength of drying paper, T.G.M. van de Ven and A. Tejado, Proc. 97th Annual PAPTAC meeting, Febr. 1-3, 2011, Montreal, Canada, pp.9-11 55. Studying the structure of dialdehyde modified cellulose nanocrystals using semi-emperical molecular modeling, T. Morgan, K. Conley T.G.M. van de Ven and M.A. Whitehead, Proc. Fund. Appl. Pulp Paper Modelling Symposium, Aug. 25, 2011, Concordia Univ. Montreal, Canada, pp.27-42, Design and desktop publishing, Trois-Rivières, 2012. 56. Molecular modelling of proteins into nanotubes: a theoretical approach, K. Conley, C.H. Ryu, T.G.M. van de Ven and M.A. Whitehead, Proc. Fund. Appl. Pulp Paper Modelling Symposium, Aug. 25, 2011, Concordia Univ. Montreal, Canada, pp. 117-136, Design and desktop publishing, Trois-Rivières, 2012. 57. Semi-emperical (PM3) molecular modelling of amino acids available in picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid) antbody”, M.S. Khan, M.A. Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, Proc. Fund. Appl. Pulp Paper Modelling Symposium, Aug. 25, 2011, Concordia Univ. Montreal, Canada, pp.99-116, Design and desktop publishing, Trois-Rivières, 2012. 58. Introduction to the semi-Empirical (PM3) molecular modelling of complementary determining regions (CDR) of picloram antibody. M.S. Khan, M.A. Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, (2011). International Conference on Chemical Engineering (ICChE) 2011, Dhaka, Bangladesh. pp. 268-274. 59. Molecular simulation of antibody-antigen interactions using 3D homology modelling and docking, M.S. Khan, M.A. Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, “4th International Conference on Chemical Engineering (ICChE) 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2014, pp. 199-204. (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1381.4884) 60. Cellulose: a fascinating material with a promising future, T.G.M. van de Ven, Festschrift in honour of Prof. M.A. Whitehead (in press) Books and book chapters: 1. Deposition of colloidal particles from flowing sols. Z. Adamczyk, T. Dabros and T.G.M. van de Ven in “Science and Technology of Polymer Colloids”, Vol. II, NATO ASI Series E. No.68, (Eds. A.W. Poehlein, R.H. Ottewill, J.W. Goodwin), M. Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 619-635 (1983). 2. Colloidal Hydrodynamics. T.G.M. van de Ven, Academic Press, London (1989), 582 pages. 3. Microrheological aspects of particle interactions in colloidal Systems. T.G.M. van de Ven in “Hydrodynamics of Dispersed Media,” I.P. Hulin, A.M. Cazabat, E. Guyon, F. Carmona (eds.), Elsevier Sci. Publ. B.V. (1990) p.102-117. 4. Rheo- andeElectro-optics of colloidal dispersions. T.G.M. van de Ven in II Scientific Methods for the Study of Polymer Colloids and Their Applications , II F. Candau and R.H. Ottewill, eds., Kluwer Acad. Publ. (1990) p.247-267. 5. The role of “free charge” in the deposition of latex particles onto pulp fibers, B. Alince, J. Kinkal, F. Bednar and T.G.M. van de Ven, in “Polymer colloids: Science and Technology of latex systems”, ACS Symposium Series 801, Chapter 5, pp. 52-70 (2001). 6. The proceedings of the first applied pulp & paper molecular modelling symposium, Editors: R. Gaudreault, M.A.Whitehead and T.G.M. van de Ven, Montreal (2005). 7. Orthokinetic heteroflocculation in papermaking, T.G.M. van de Ven, in “Highlights in Colloid Science”, Chapter I, pp.1-20, Eds. D. Platikanov and D. Exerowa, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, Germany (2009). 8. M. A. Whitehead, A, Kakkar, T. van de Ven, R. Hourani, E. Ladd, Y. Tian and T. Lazzara; A Review of Bonding in Dendrimers and Nanotubes. Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, 22(7), 611-623 (2012).

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9. CELLULOSE-Fundamental aspects. Eds. T.G.M. van de Ven and L. Godbout, Intech, Rijeka, Croatia, 2013. (> 25,000 down-loads) 10. CELLULOSE-Medical, pharmaceutical and electronic applications. Eds. T.G.M. van de Ven and L. Godbout, Intech, Rijeka, Croatia, 2013. 11. CELLULOSE-Biomass conversion. Eds. T.G.M. van de Ven and J. Kadla, Intech, Rijeka, Croatia, 2013. Patents: 1. M.A. Whitehead, C. Malardier-Jugroot, T.G.M. van de Ven and T.D. Lazzara, 2007 “Fabrication of intrinsically conducting polymer nanorods for making electrical nanocircuits involves filling nanotubes with monomer to obtain well-defined, packed, defect-free nanorods” Patent Number: WO2005118688-A1; US2008265219-A1. 2. Md. N. Alam, M. Antal, A.Tejado and T.G.M. van de Ven, 2012, “Novel highly charged non-water soluble cellulose products, includes all types of cellulose nanostructures especially cellulose nanofibers, and method of making them”, PCT/CA2012/000200, WO2012119229 A1. 3. Z. Hoseinidoust, N. Tufenkji and T.G.M. van de Ven, Shape-controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanoplates using Cellulose Nanocrystals, US Provisional Patent 62/235,759. 4. A. Vanaerk, J. Carette, T.G.M. van de Ven and Md N. Alam, Absorbent fibres produced from low-substituted carboxymethyl cellulose cellulose and the process thereof., Provisional US patent, PTO/SB/16 (11-08), OMB 0651-0032, filed 05/31/2015. Reports for industry: 1. Effect of molecular weight fractionation on chronic toxicity of pulp mill effluents. I. Biological testing. L. Allen and T.G.M. van de Ven, Pulp and Paper Report 1301, 1997. 2. Effect of molecular weight fractionation on chronic toxicity of pulp mill effluents. II. Physical characterization of effluent. L. Allen and T.G.M. van de Ven, Pulp and Paper Report 1328, 1998.

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2016