9 Dec 2010 ... SMRs: Small/Modular Reactor Size and. Nuclear Classifications of Reactors. ▫
Large >700 MWe (some new designs approach 1,700. MWe).
Small Modular Reactor Technologies Vince Gilbert Chief Knowledge Officer December 9, 2010
Objectives
Define SMRs Overview SMR Applications Review Basic Nuclear Terminology and Reactor Types What some designs are being considered for US Deployment?
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SMRs: Small/Modular Reactor Size and Nuclear Classifications of Reactors Large >700 MWe (some new designs approach 1,700 MWe) Medium 300-700 MWe Small > (Thermal fission products plus energy) Some Pu-239 also fissions
Fast Fission – Fertile converted to fissile as part of the process
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Types of SMRs-USNRC Integral Pressurized Water Reactors (iPWR) combine primary and secondary systems into a single assembly- These are Thermal Fission type Liquid Metal Reactors (LMR) use liquid metal as the coolant in the primary system- these are Fast Fission type Sodium Fast Reactors (SFR) Lead-Bismuth Fast Reactors (LBE) Gas :NGNP technology will provide the blueprint for the commercial industry to manage the heat from the next generation of advanced nuclear plants for energy production and industrial processing. These reactors may either be High Temperature Gas Cooled or SFR type Other: There are also other types under development such as the Terra Power Traveling Wave Reactor
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SMR Systems Summary Primary system- Generates heat Secondary System-Produced Steam, High Pressure Gas and or Process Heat output (Integral Reactors combine primary and secondary together) Primary loop and secondary loop are isolated from each other Condensate and Feed Systems return the water to the steam generator (closed secondary cycle) Heat is rejected from the condenser and is transferred to the “Ultimate Heat Sink” : River, Ocean, Lake or Outside Air Support systems Main Transformers and path to Switchyard Instrumentation and Process Computing Radiation Monitoring, Radwaste Processing, Environmental Monitoring Heating and Ventilation Fire Protection 9 Security
B&W mPOWER iPWR
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Designer Reactor Type Reactor Power Electric Output Outlet Conditions
Babcock and Wilcox Company (B&W) mPower LWR
125 MWe 327°C
Coolant
Light Water
Fuel Design
Proprietary
Refueling Letter of Intent Licensing Plan
60 year life
400 MWt
Proprietary
"4+ year core life"
April 29, 2009 Design Certification
Pre-application stage Expected submittal
Q4 2012
Design Information
Intergral LWR with the reactor and the steam generator located in a single reactor vessel located in an underground containment
Primary
Integral-core, pumps, control rod drives and rods, once-through steam generator
No soluable boron in primary required for reactivity control
Secondary
Balance of Plant
Website
Traditional turbine-generator and BOP: Heat sink basin, air or water cooling system, water storage tanks, fire protection system, service water, demieralized water, switchyard and security systems
Emergency diesel generator not required; air cooling or water cooling for condenser
http://www.babcock.com/products/modular_nuclear/
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NuScale iPWR
22 February 2010
Copyright 2010, Hyperion Power Generation Inc. All rights reserved. 12
Designer Reactor Type Reactor Power Electric Output Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design Refueling Letter of Intent Licensing Plan
NuScale Power, Inc NuScale LWR 150 MWt 45 MWe 1500 psig, 575°F Light Water 17 X 17 fuel bundles, 6 feet, 4.95% enrichment 24 months January, 2008 Design Certification
Expected submittal
Design Information
per module per module
Pre-Application stage for DCD based on MASLWR developed at Oregon State in 2000s.
Q2 FY 2012 Integral natural circulation light water reactor with reactor core and helical coil steam generators located in a common reactor vessel. The reactor vessel is submerged in a pool of water.
Primary
Secondary Balance of Plant
Website
Core, helical coil steam generator, reactor vessel and containment structure and water filled pool below ground with natural circulation cooling
Off-the-shelf componants for turbine-generator and Steam turbine, generator and condenser, supports systems; shared coolers, pumps, condensate polishers, Reueling reactor pool and tanks and feedwater system. associated refuleing services http://www.nuscalepower.com
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Westinghouse IRIS -iPWR
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Designer Reactor Type Reactor Power Electric Output Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design Refueling Letter of Intent Licensing Plan Expected submittal
Design Information
Primary
Secondary
Westinghouse International Reactor Innovative and Secure (IRIS) LWR 1000MWt 335 Mwe 330 ° C Light Water 17 X 17 assemblies 4.95% enrichment UO2 3.0-3.5 years Updated March 18, 2009 Design Certification Q3 2012 Integral pressurized water reactor with reactor vessel, helical coil steam generators, reactor collant pumps, and pressurizer within a spherical steel containment shell Integral: fuel, control rods, 8 reactor coolant pumps, 8 helical coil oncethrough steam generators, steel reflector, pressurizer inside the pressure vessel
Balance of Plant
Website
http://hulk.cesnef.polimi.it
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General Atomics MHR- HTGR
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Designer General Atomics
Reactor Type Reactor Power Electric Output Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design
Modular Helium Reactor (MHR) HTGR 350MWt Co-Generation demonstration for the chemical industry 750 °C helium/540°F steam Helium
TRISO-coated particle fuel (UCO, UO2)
Refueling Letter of Intent
Licensing Plan Expected submittal
Design Information
Primary
1 mm fuel particles made from enriched fuel particle coated with porous carbon buffer, pyrolytic carbon, silicon carbide amd a second pyrolytic carbon layer (robust fuel)
See NGNP Licensing Strategy Report to Congress, August 2008 Combined License FY 2013
Graphite moderator and core structure, helium coolant and TRISOcoated particle fuel
Reactor and shutdown cooling system
Secondary
Steam generator vessel and Heat transport system
Balance of Plant
Reduced steam cycle and support systems
Website
Comments
http://www.ga.com
Steam Turbine in Direct Cycle
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GE-Hetachi PRISM – SFR
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Designer GE-Hitachi
Reactor Type
Reactor Power Electric Output Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design Refueling Letter of Intent Licensing Plan
Expected submittal Design Information
Also under consideration as technology for NGNP
PRISM is GE’s proprietary name for the Integral Fast Power Reactor Innovative Small Modular Reactor, a design that was (PRISM) SFR developed in Idaho by the nuclear scientists at Argonne West (ANL-W) 840 MWt 311 MWe 930°F Liquid Metal (Sodium) Metallic 12-24 mo Updated March 15, 2010
NRC conducted preapplication review in 1990s COL, Prototype (long-term -Manufacturing that resulted in publication License) of NUREG-1368, a preapplication safety evaluation report 1Q 2012 Underground containment on seismic isolators with a passive air cooling ultimate heat sink
Primary
Two reactor modules per power unit
Secondary Turbine Generator
Balance of Plant Passive air cooling ultimate heat sinl
Can be used to burn spent fuel in conjunction with a fuel recycling plant
19 Website
PBMR - HTGR
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Designer Reactor Type
PMBR (Pty), Ltd
PMBR -HTGR
Reactor Power
400MWt
Electric Output
165 MWe and process heat
Outlet Conditions Coolant
Comments
up to 970°C (1652 °F) Helium
Fuel Design
Refueling Letter of Intent Licensing Plan Expected submittal
Design Information
Primary Secondary
Balance of Plant
Website
about 450,000 low-enriched UO2 TRISO fuel particles in pebbles Online Updated March 2009 Design Certification FY2013
Modular, gas-cooled, oebble bed reactor with online refueling that generates electricity via a gas or steam turbine and which may also be used for process heat applications
Reactor core, fuelIntermediate heat exchanger Compressor, turbine, gearbox, generator, Process heat output, circulator, recuperator Equipment associated with generation of electricity with gas or steam turbine
21 http://www.pbmr.co.za
Toshiba 4S- Mini SFR
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Designer
Reactor Type
Reactor Power Electric Output Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design Refueling Letter of Intent
Licensing Plan
Toshiba Corporation
Super-Safe-Small and Simple (4S) SFR
30MWt 10 MWe 510°C Liquid-metal (sodium) 18 hexagonal fuel assemblies U-10%Zr alloy with 19.9% enrichment 30 years Updated March 23, 2010
Design Approval
Expected submittal
2Q 2012
Design Information
Small, sodium-cooled underground reactor
Working with city of Galena, AK as potential COL partner
Seismic isolators suppound reactor
Primary
Secondary
Balance of Plant
Website
Reactor core, two electromagnetic pumps, Intermediate heat exchanger, reflector control device, rv auxiliary cooling system, guard vessel
Intermediate auxiliary cooling system
Helical coil steam generator, secondary heat exchanger loop
Turbine, main condenser, feeedwater pump
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doccollections/fact-sheets/new-nuc-plant-desbg.html
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LBE Reactor
22 February 2010
Copyright 2010, Hyperion Power Generation Inc. All rights reserved. 24
Designer
Reactor Type
Reactor Power Electric Output Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design Refueling Letter of Intent
Licensing Plan
Hyperion Power Genaration, Inc
Hyperion HPM-LBE LMR
70 MWt 25 MWe 500°C Lead-Bismuth eutectic, primary and secondary loop Stainless steel clad uranium nitride
20% enriched U235 and U238
Replace core 7-10 years
Combined License (prototype design) and/or Design Certification
Expected submittal
Design Information
The HPM is sealed at the factory, sited underground and eventually returned to the factory for waste and fuel disposition after a useful life of 7 to 10 years.
Primary
HPM containing fuel, stainless stell as a structural material, lead-bisbuth eutectic, reflector, control rods, LBE pump, and intermediate heat exchanger; decay heat removal system, LBE Oxygen control system, purification, injection control and chemistry control systems
Secondary
Balance of Plant
Website
Preheater, Evaporator, Superheater, intermediate loop LBE and water, steam outlet piping Steam turbine generator, condenser, cooling system, water purification system, electric power distribution system, waste management, auxilary systems and switchyard http://www.hyperiongeneration.com
Outer diameter of HPM is limited to 1.5 m for shippling considerations and weight is less than 20 metric tons
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ARC-100 SFR
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Designer
Reactor Type
ARC, LLC
"Fast-Neutron Spectrum" SFR
Reactor Power
260 MWt maximum
Electric Output
50-100 MWe
Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design
Refueling
Public presentations began June 14-16, 2010
Argonne National LabCore Design Idaho National Lab-Fuel Analysis Water desalinization, Shale oil Extraction, Hydrogen Production
Liquid Sodium
Enriched U-Zr Metallic Alloy in 3 enrichment zones
"Nuclear Waste Incinerator"
20 years
Letter of Intent Licensing Plan Expected submittal Design Information Primary
Core, control rods, pump, Intermediate Heat Exchanger, passive decay heat removal system
Secondary Balance of Plant
Website
Intermediate Sodium Piping from primary to BOP Brayton Cycle for Energy Conversion using S-C02 gas Backup design for Energy Conversion is Rankine Cycle (steam) http://www.arcnuclear.com
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Terra Power Traveling Wave
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Designer TerraPower Reactor Type
TWR
Taveling Wave Reactor Converts fertile nuclear materials into fissle fuel as it operates using the process of nuclear transmutation; fission is localized to a portion of the core at any point in time
Reactor Power Electric Output
Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design
Refueling Letter of Intent Licensing Plan Expected submittal Design Information Primary
Secondary
Balance of Plant
Liquid Sodium Targeted to burn depleted uranium, spent fuel, natural uranium and thorium Very long periods of time are theoretically possible
Pool type reactor cooled by liquid sodium Conventional steam turbine and generator and support systems Conventional BOP systems
29 Website
http://www.intelectualventures.com
Questions? (Reference spreadsheet also provided) Vince Gilbert
[email protected] (202) 422-8238
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