Small Modular Reactor Technologies

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9 Dec 2010 ... SMRs: Small/Modular Reactor Size and. Nuclear Classifications of Reactors. ▫ Large >700 MWe (some new designs approach 1,700. MWe).
Small Modular Reactor Technologies Vince Gilbert Chief Knowledge Officer December 9, 2010

Objectives

Define SMRs Overview SMR Applications Review Basic Nuclear Terminology and Reactor Types What some designs are being considered for US Deployment?

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SMRs: Small/Modular Reactor Size and Nuclear Classifications of Reactors  Large >700 MWe (some new designs approach 1,700 MWe)  Medium 300-700 MWe  Small > (Thermal fission products plus energy)  Some Pu-239 also fissions

 Fast Fission – Fertile converted to fissile as part of the process

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Types of SMRs-USNRC  Integral Pressurized Water Reactors (iPWR) combine primary and secondary systems into a single assembly- These are Thermal Fission type  Liquid Metal Reactors (LMR) use liquid metal as the coolant in the primary system- these are Fast Fission type  Sodium Fast Reactors (SFR)  Lead-Bismuth Fast Reactors (LBE)  Gas :NGNP technology will provide the blueprint for the commercial industry to manage the heat from the next generation of advanced nuclear plants for energy production and industrial processing. These reactors may either be High Temperature Gas Cooled or SFR type  Other: There are also other types under development such as the Terra Power Traveling Wave Reactor

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SMR Systems Summary  Primary system- Generates heat  Secondary System-Produced Steam, High Pressure Gas and or Process Heat output (Integral Reactors combine primary and secondary together)  Primary loop and secondary loop are isolated from each other  Condensate and Feed Systems return the water to the steam generator (closed secondary cycle)  Heat is rejected from the condenser and is transferred to the “Ultimate Heat Sink” : River, Ocean, Lake or Outside Air  Support systems  Main Transformers and path to Switchyard  Instrumentation and Process Computing  Radiation Monitoring, Radwaste Processing, Environmental Monitoring  Heating and Ventilation  Fire Protection 9  Security

B&W mPOWER iPWR

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Designer Reactor Type Reactor Power Electric Output Outlet Conditions

Babcock and Wilcox Company (B&W) mPower LWR

125 MWe 327°C

Coolant

Light Water

Fuel Design

Proprietary

Refueling Letter of Intent Licensing Plan

60 year life

400 MWt

Proprietary

"4+ year core life"

April 29, 2009 Design Certification

Pre-application stage Expected submittal

Q4 2012

Design Information

Intergral LWR with the reactor and the steam generator located in a single reactor vessel located in an underground containment

Primary

Integral-core, pumps, control rod drives and rods, once-through steam generator

No soluable boron in primary required for reactivity control

Secondary

Balance of Plant

Website

Traditional turbine-generator and BOP: Heat sink basin, air or water cooling system, water storage tanks, fire protection system, service water, demieralized water, switchyard and security systems

Emergency diesel generator not required; air cooling or water cooling for condenser

http://www.babcock.com/products/modular_nuclear/

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NuScale iPWR

22 February 2010

Copyright 2010, Hyperion Power Generation Inc. All rights reserved. 12

Designer Reactor Type Reactor Power Electric Output Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design Refueling Letter of Intent Licensing Plan

NuScale Power, Inc NuScale LWR 150 MWt 45 MWe 1500 psig, 575°F Light Water 17 X 17 fuel bundles, 6 feet, 4.95% enrichment 24 months January, 2008 Design Certification

Expected submittal

Design Information

per module per module

Pre-Application stage for DCD based on MASLWR developed at Oregon State in 2000s.

Q2 FY 2012 Integral natural circulation light water reactor with reactor core and helical coil steam generators located in a common reactor vessel. The reactor vessel is submerged in a pool of water.

Primary

Secondary Balance of Plant

Website

Core, helical coil steam generator, reactor vessel and containment structure and water filled pool below ground with natural circulation cooling

Off-the-shelf componants for turbine-generator and Steam turbine, generator and condenser, supports systems; shared coolers, pumps, condensate polishers, Reueling reactor pool and tanks and feedwater system. associated refuleing services http://www.nuscalepower.com

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Westinghouse IRIS -iPWR

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Designer Reactor Type Reactor Power Electric Output Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design Refueling Letter of Intent Licensing Plan Expected submittal

Design Information

Primary

Secondary

Westinghouse International Reactor Innovative and Secure (IRIS) LWR 1000MWt 335 Mwe 330 ° C Light Water 17 X 17 assemblies 4.95% enrichment UO2 3.0-3.5 years Updated March 18, 2009 Design Certification Q3 2012 Integral pressurized water reactor with reactor vessel, helical coil steam generators, reactor collant pumps, and pressurizer within a spherical steel containment shell Integral: fuel, control rods, 8 reactor coolant pumps, 8 helical coil oncethrough steam generators, steel reflector, pressurizer inside the pressure vessel

Balance of Plant

Website

http://hulk.cesnef.polimi.it

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General Atomics MHR- HTGR

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Designer General Atomics

Reactor Type Reactor Power Electric Output Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design

Modular Helium Reactor (MHR) HTGR 350MWt Co-Generation demonstration for the chemical industry 750 °C helium/540°F steam Helium

TRISO-coated particle fuel (UCO, UO2)

Refueling Letter of Intent

Licensing Plan Expected submittal

Design Information

Primary

1 mm fuel particles made from enriched fuel particle coated with porous carbon buffer, pyrolytic carbon, silicon carbide amd a second pyrolytic carbon layer (robust fuel)

See NGNP Licensing Strategy Report to Congress, August 2008 Combined License FY 2013

Graphite moderator and core structure, helium coolant and TRISOcoated particle fuel

Reactor and shutdown cooling system

Secondary

Steam generator vessel and Heat transport system

Balance of Plant

Reduced steam cycle and support systems

Website

Comments

http://www.ga.com

Steam Turbine in Direct Cycle

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GE-Hetachi PRISM – SFR

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Designer GE-Hitachi

Reactor Type

Reactor Power Electric Output Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design Refueling Letter of Intent Licensing Plan

Expected submittal Design Information

Also under consideration as technology for NGNP

PRISM is GE’s proprietary name for the Integral Fast Power Reactor Innovative Small Modular Reactor, a design that was (PRISM) SFR developed in Idaho by the nuclear scientists at Argonne West (ANL-W) 840 MWt 311 MWe 930°F Liquid Metal (Sodium) Metallic 12-24 mo Updated March 15, 2010

NRC conducted preapplication review in 1990s COL, Prototype (long-term -Manufacturing that resulted in publication License) of NUREG-1368, a preapplication safety evaluation report 1Q 2012 Underground containment on seismic isolators with a passive air cooling ultimate heat sink

Primary

Two reactor modules per power unit

Secondary Turbine Generator

Balance of Plant Passive air cooling ultimate heat sinl

Can be used to burn spent fuel in conjunction with a fuel recycling plant

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PBMR - HTGR

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Designer Reactor Type

PMBR (Pty), Ltd

PMBR -HTGR

Reactor Power

400MWt

Electric Output

165 MWe and process heat

Outlet Conditions Coolant

Comments

up to 970°C (1652 °F) Helium

Fuel Design

Refueling Letter of Intent Licensing Plan Expected submittal

Design Information

Primary Secondary

Balance of Plant

Website

about 450,000 low-enriched UO2 TRISO fuel particles in pebbles Online Updated March 2009 Design Certification FY2013

Modular, gas-cooled, oebble bed reactor with online refueling that generates electricity via a gas or steam turbine and which may also be used for process heat applications

Reactor core, fuelIntermediate heat exchanger Compressor, turbine, gearbox, generator, Process heat output, circulator, recuperator Equipment associated with generation of electricity with gas or steam turbine

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Toshiba 4S- Mini SFR

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Designer

Reactor Type

Reactor Power Electric Output Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design Refueling Letter of Intent

Licensing Plan

Toshiba Corporation

Super-Safe-Small and Simple (4S) SFR

30MWt 10 MWe 510°C Liquid-metal (sodium) 18 hexagonal fuel assemblies U-10%Zr alloy with 19.9% enrichment 30 years Updated March 23, 2010

Design Approval

Expected submittal

2Q 2012

Design Information

Small, sodium-cooled underground reactor

Working with city of Galena, AK as potential COL partner

Seismic isolators suppound reactor

Primary

Secondary

Balance of Plant

Website

Reactor core, two electromagnetic pumps, Intermediate heat exchanger, reflector control device, rv auxiliary cooling system, guard vessel

Intermediate auxiliary cooling system

Helical coil steam generator, secondary heat exchanger loop

Turbine, main condenser, feeedwater pump

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doccollections/fact-sheets/new-nuc-plant-desbg.html

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LBE Reactor

22 February 2010

Copyright 2010, Hyperion Power Generation Inc. All rights reserved. 24

Designer

Reactor Type

Reactor Power Electric Output Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design Refueling Letter of Intent

Licensing Plan

Hyperion Power Genaration, Inc

Hyperion HPM-LBE LMR

70 MWt 25 MWe 500°C Lead-Bismuth eutectic, primary and secondary loop Stainless steel clad uranium nitride

20% enriched U235 and U238

Replace core 7-10 years

Combined License (prototype design) and/or Design Certification

Expected submittal

Design Information

The HPM is sealed at the factory, sited underground and eventually returned to the factory for waste and fuel disposition after a useful life of 7 to 10 years.

Primary

HPM containing fuel, stainless stell as a structural material, lead-bisbuth eutectic, reflector, control rods, LBE pump, and intermediate heat exchanger; decay heat removal system, LBE Oxygen control system, purification, injection control and chemistry control systems

Secondary

Balance of Plant

Website

Preheater, Evaporator, Superheater, intermediate loop LBE and water, steam outlet piping Steam turbine generator, condenser, cooling system, water purification system, electric power distribution system, waste management, auxilary systems and switchyard http://www.hyperiongeneration.com

Outer diameter of HPM is limited to 1.5 m for shippling considerations and weight is less than 20 metric tons

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ARC-100 SFR

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Designer

Reactor Type

ARC, LLC

"Fast-Neutron Spectrum" SFR

Reactor Power

260 MWt maximum

Electric Output

50-100 MWe

Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design

Refueling

Public presentations began June 14-16, 2010

Argonne National LabCore Design Idaho National Lab-Fuel Analysis Water desalinization, Shale oil Extraction, Hydrogen Production

Liquid Sodium

Enriched U-Zr Metallic Alloy in 3 enrichment zones

"Nuclear Waste Incinerator"

20 years

Letter of Intent Licensing Plan Expected submittal Design Information Primary

Core, control rods, pump, Intermediate Heat Exchanger, passive decay heat removal system

Secondary Balance of Plant

Website

Intermediate Sodium Piping from primary to BOP Brayton Cycle for Energy Conversion using S-C02 gas Backup design for Energy Conversion is Rankine Cycle (steam) http://www.arcnuclear.com

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Terra Power Traveling Wave

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Designer TerraPower Reactor Type

TWR

Taveling Wave Reactor Converts fertile nuclear materials into fissle fuel as it operates using the process of nuclear transmutation; fission is localized to a portion of the core at any point in time

Reactor Power Electric Output

Outlet Conditions Coolant Fuel Design

Refueling Letter of Intent Licensing Plan Expected submittal Design Information Primary

Secondary

Balance of Plant

Liquid Sodium Targeted to burn depleted uranium, spent fuel, natural uranium and thorium Very long periods of time are theoretically possible

Pool type reactor cooled by liquid sodium Conventional steam turbine and generator and support systems Conventional BOP systems

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http://www.intelectualventures.com

Questions?  (Reference spreadsheet also provided)  Vince Gilbert [email protected] (202) 422-8238

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