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Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 35th Annual Meeting Sea to Sky: Interconnecting Ecosystems Vancouver, British Columbia 9–13 November 2014
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MONDAY POSTER ABSTRACTS remain well below sediment quality guidelines and are lower than in rural and semi-urban lakes in Central Alberta, except in one lake near the development. MP151 Spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic compounds in moss samples from the Athabasca bituminous sands region of Alberta, Canada Y. Zhang, Univ of Alberta / Dept of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; W. Shotyk, Univ of Alberta / Renewable Resources; C. Zaccone, T. Noernberg, Univ of Alberta / Dept of Renewable Resources; J.W. Martin, Univ of Alberta / Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Concern about airborne emissions of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) has grown in the Athabasca Bituminous Sands (ABS) region because of increased bitumen mining and related industrial activity. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a major subgroup of PACs that are known carcinogens and mutagens, but other PACs such as alkylated PAHs, dibenzothiophene, and alkyl dibenzothiophenes may co-occur with PAHs in environmental samples. Sources of atmospheric PACs are not well understood in the region, nor is the magnitude of PAC deposition to the surrounding environment. Mosses have previously been shown to be a good biomonitor of atmospheric PAC deposition, thus here 53 PACs were analyzed in 66 moss samples (Sphagnum) from 22 ombrotrophic bogs located in the vicinity of the ABS. 1-methylnaphthalene was the predominant analyte detected (mean 50.5 ng/g dry weight), followed by phenanthrene (38.1 ng/g), 1-methylfluorene (24.5 ng/g), naphthalene (21.4 ng/g), and 9-n-butylphenanthrene (15.5 ng/g), while all other detected analytes were below 10 ng/g. The average concentration of total PAHs was 217 ng/g, which is at the low end of the range for most other surveys carried out using mosses from around the world. Nevertheless, total PAHs in moss at sites closest to industry were 2-5 times higher compared to those sites further from known activity, suggesting that industrial activity was an important source of atmospheric PAC emissions. Based on diagnostic ratios among PAH isomers fluoranthene/(fluoranthene+pyrene), anthracene/(anthracene+phenanthrene) and indeno [123-cd]pyrene/(indeno [123-cd]pyrene+benzo[ghi]perylene), most samples had signatures in or near to the petroleum combustion zone. Three sites, which were close together and near to industrial activity, had similar signatures indicating a mix of petroleum and petroleum combustion sources, whereas five sites in the south showed signatures representing a mix of petroleum and grass/wood/coal combustion. To confirm sources and to put current deposition levels into a historic context, temporal fluxes of PAC deposition will be determined in ombrotrophic peat cores from the same region in the next step. MP152 The presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in edible fish tissue from the Athabasca/Slave river system, Canada E. Ohiozebau, Univ of Saskatchewan / School of Environment and Sustainability; B.J. Tendler, G. Codling, A. Hill, J.P. Giesy. Univ of Saskatchewan / Toxicology Centre; E. Kelly, Environment and Natural Resources; P.D. Jones, Univ of Saskatchewan / School of Environment and Sustainability Major oil sands open-pit mining and extraction operations exist in the Fort McMurray/Fort MacKay area, adjacent to the Athabasca River, in Alberta, Canada. Fish is a major cultural and economic resource for First Nations communities in the area; thus, concern about possible contamination of fish by PAHs exists. The aim of this research was to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of PAHs in edible fish tissue of 5 species: Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides), Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), Northern Pike (Esox Lucius), Walleye (Sander vitreus), Burbot/Loche Mariah (Lota lota) at three locations on the Athabasca River and two locations on the Slave River. Fish were sampled in the summer, and fall of 2011, and in the spring of 2012. Bile PAH metabolite profiles were determined by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS). GC/MS was used to determine 16 USEPA priority PAHs and measurable concentrations were detected in edible parts of fishes. Concentrations of PAHs in muscle of the 425 sampled fish contained a mean concentration of 30 ng ∑PAH/g wet mass (wm). Mean concentrations for all species, locations, and seasons of ∑2-ring (Naphthalene), ∑3-ring (Acenaphthylene,
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Acenaphthene, Fluorene, Phenathrene, and Anthracene), ∑4-ring (Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benz(a) anthracene, and Chrysene), ∑5-ring PAHs (Benzo(b) fluoranthene, Benzo(k) fluoranthene, Benzo(a) pyrene, and Dibenz(ah) anthracene), and ∑6-ring (Indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene and Benzo(ghi) perylene) PAHs were 5.8, 10.7, 7.2, 4.6 and 1.5 ng/g, wm, respectively. Fishes from upstream portions of the Athabasca River, which were nearer to operations where oil sands were extracted and upgraded, contained greater concentrations of individual PAHs in muscle than did fishes from the Slave River. Concentrations of ∑PAHs in species collected in the vicinity of Fort McKay, varied among seasons with concentrations ranging from 11 ng/g, wm (burbot, summer) to 1.2x102 ng/g, wm (burbot, spring) with mean of 48 ng/g, wm. Concentrations of ∑PAHs in fishes collected in the vicinity of Fort Resolution also varied among species and season and ranged from 4.3 ng/g, wm (whitefish, summer) to 33 ng/g, wm (goldeye, summer) with a mean of 13 ng/g, wm . Whitefish contained the greatest concentration at all locations and seasons with a mean (locations, seasons) of 32 ng/g, dm.
Hydraulic Fracturing: A Technical Teaser or Political Puzzler? MP153 Hydraulic Fracturing: Ameerican Petroleum Institute Initiative to Address Potential Health Effects P.W. Beatty, American Petroleum Inst / Regulatory and Scientific Affairs; D.J. DEVLIN, ExxonMobil Corporation; S. Sarang, Shell Oil Company Hydraulic fracturing combined with directional drilling is a relatively new technology that is being utilized to access previously difficult to reach geological formations containing natural gas and oil. These new resources are often termed “unconventional resources”, and offer significant benefits as an economically viable energy source and chemical feedstock for several important industries. Natural gas produced with hydraulic fracturing is abundant, affordable, clean burning, increases energy security, and provides significant economical advantages. Over the past five years there has been a rapid increase in the development of these resources from unconventional shale formations using the process of hydraulic fracturing. This accelerated growth of unconventional resource development (URD) has led to examinations by regulators and the NGO community who cite potential human health and environmental concerns. The industry, through the American Petroleum Institute (API), is taking steps to address human health concerns. Approximately two years ago API formed the Exploration and Production Health Issues Group (EPHIG), which is composed of member companies who have an interest in hydraulic fracturing. The EPHIG was established to provide research, scientific analysis, and guidance on potential human health issues regarding URD. The EPHIG is currently focused on potential community human health concerns, including those associated with the compositions of hydraulic fracturing fluid, flowback water, air emissions, and psycho-social stress related to URD. As with any industrial activity URD carries benefits and potential risks, similar to conventional resource development. The work being performed and communicated by the EPHIG will help to ensure that any potential health risks from production of these unconventional resources are identified, examined, appropriately communicated, and managed to enhance the public’s confidence and ensure protection of public health. This talk will describe the work and plans of the EPHIG and our current assessment of proposed impacts from URD. MP155 What’s in the air?: Using passive sampling to answer questions about hydraulic fracturing L.B. Paulik, L.G. Tidwell, C.E. Donald, B.W. Smith, K.A. Hobbie, Oregon State Univ / Environmental Molecular and Toxicology; L. Kincl, Oregon State Univ / College of Public Health and Human Sciences; E. Haynes, Univ of Cincinnati; K.A. Anderson, Oregon State Univ / Environmental Molecular Toxicology Unconventional natural gas drilling with hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” may be changing air quality in parts of rural Ohio. Unconventional natural gas drilling (UNGD) has increased rapidly
