soft skills book.p65

Soft Skills and Personality Development (Proceedings of theNational Seminar @ Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani (MS) India on 18th January 2014)

Edited by:

Dr. Rohidas Nitonde Prof. Vijaya Nandapurkar

Editorial and Review Committee: Dr. B. U. Jadhav Prof. Vijaya Nandapurkar Dr. Rohidas Nitonde Mr. V. R. More

Published by Dr. Balasaheb Jadhav Principal, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani 431 401 (India)

ISBN 978-81-925458-3-7

Soft Skill and Personality Development

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ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

Soft Skills and Personality Development: (Proceedings of theNational Seminar @ Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani (MS) India on 18th January 2014) Edited by: Dr. Rohidas Nitonde and Prof. Vijaya Nandapurkar

Copyright @ 2014 Dr. Rohidas Nitonde All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanic, including photocopying, recording or by any Information storage and retrieval system.

Published by Dr. Balasaheb Jadhav Principal, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani 431 401 (India)

Type Setting : Gurudev Paper Mart Parbhani.

Price: ` 400/ISBN 978-81-925458-3-7


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ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

Preface This collection covers papers submitted to the National Seminar on “Soft Skills and Personality Development” at Marathwad Shikshan Prasarak Mandal’s Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani on 18th January 2014. This one day seminar is aimed to provide a forum for academics, practitioners, experts and students to debate current situation of soft skills development in academia and corporate sector. All submitted papers went through a blind review process before a decision to publish was made. This was to ensure the quality level of the seminar is kept high. However, if there is any violation of the copyright material, the individual authors are to be held responsible for the same.

Dr. Rohidas Nitonde Prof. Vijaya Nandapurkar .Date : 18-01-2014 Place : Parbhani


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CONTENT Sr.No.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Title

Author

Page No.

Soft Skills and Personality Development Soft Skills and Employability Presentation Skill : The Basic Need in Communication Skills Enhancing the Basic Interpersonal Skills Using Collaborative Method: Group Discussion Communication : A Soul Life Skill

Dr. Rohidas Nitonde Subodh N. Chinchole Gautam Ambhore Mr.Anand B. Bodhale

6 9 11 13

Dr. Navle Balaji Anandrao,

18

Writing Skill Importance of Language in Personality Development Sports and Personality Development The Role of Science in the Personality Development Existence of Mathematics in Personality Development Role of Doctor in Science Education for Personality Development

Dr. Anees Mohiuddin , Dr. V. M. More Dr.Kanwate V.S. , Mr.Kadam K.R. Ms. Sangeeta G. Avachar Bais Sunita Manoharrao C.D. Bele, S.N. Bidarkar Nana V. Shitole, Suraj B. Ade, Subhash M. Lonkar

22 24 26 30 32

Chincholkar B. B. Choudhary N. R. Neelam Dasgupta

37 41 44

Deshmukh Deepakkumar P. T. Suresh B. Deshmukh Gyanendra M. Fulzalke

47 49 51

Bharat R.Gugane Hapgunde Tukaram R. Ingole Pradeep , Ashok Chikte Sushama M. Ingole Kishor N. Ingole

54 57 60 62 64

Jaybhaye Vithal K. Joshi Arati Ashok, Joshi Anagha Kittekar Utkarsh Bhikajirao Vaykos G.P., Kokil Santosh B. Waghmare M R., Landage R.A. M.R.More

69 72 74 76 79 81

Mundhe R. D.

83

Parturkar.M.S. Dr. Anand S.Bhatt, Sachin L.Patki Dr. S.P. Poul, A.K. Kandere, R.K. Deshmukh and Dr. G.L. Kadam, Pimparne N M Dr. Durgesh Ravande

85 88 91

12 Fascia of Personality Development 13 Develop An Effective Tone In Written Communication 14 Impact of Telephonic Conversation on Confessional Poets & on People in general 15 Interview Tips and Techniques 16 The Soft Skills and English Language 17 Soft Skills & Personality Development of Students & responsibility of Teachers in Higher Education” An Analytical Study 18 ‘Mass Media and Personality Development’ 19 Role of Mass Media in Personality Development 20 The Elements of Strategic Interaction in Group Discussion 21 Use of Audio Visual Aids for Effective Communication 22 The Impact of Personality in Learning Second Language: An Overview 23 The Personality Development: Any Time Need (ATN) 24 Interview Techniques 25 Elocution: The Art of Speaking 26 Mental Health of Player and Non Player Students 27 Interview and Interview Techniques 28 Vocational Training and Communication Media Effective Tools For Personality Development 29 Telephone Conversation: An important part of Daily Life Communication. 30 Role of Management in Soft Skills and Personality Development 31 Personality Development and Sports 32 Facts about Group Discussion 33 Creating an Effective curriculum Vitae 34 Group Discussion: The Gateway to Success


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35

93 96

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Sr.No.

Author

Title

35 The Use of Feature Film as an Audio-Visual Aid & Modern Teaching Presentation Skill: A Case Study of Slumdog Millionaire 36 History Education and Personality Development 37 Role of Library in promoting Reading skills 38 Role of Language and Personality in Communication 39 Telephonic Conversation 40 Paragraph Structure in Effective Writing Skills 41 New Trends in Group Discussion 42 Understanding the Process of Effective Communication to have the Effective Communication 43 ABCs of Presentation Skill 44 Recent Trends in Modes of Communication 45 Study of the Useful Techniques to Develop Purposive Listening (Skill) of the Students 46 Communication, Personality & Soft Skills : An Overview 47 English Language Teaching in Global Age

Dr. Subhash K. Shinde

Sutawane Parimal Arvind Ramdas B.Tekale Rajiv N. Aherkar Syeda Ayesha Anjum Deshmukh, J.N. S. U. Fulsawange, Suyog S. Dodal Dr. M. S. Khandagale

Page No.

99

102 104 107 109 111 113 117

Dr. Rajesh Latane, Girish Kousadikar 120 Dnyanoba Mundhe 122 Dr Sandip Pandurangrao Chavan 124 P.V. Takey Nakade Meera Murlidhar

129 133

48 The Role of Language in Personality Development

Mr Vijay Raosaheb More

135

49

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139 141 143 145 148 151 153 155 159 162 164 166 168 170 172 176 178 183 185 187

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1

Soft Skills and Personality Development

Dr. Rohidas Nitonde, Coordinator, IQAC, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani the skills necessary for successful living. To get the best out of life, and to become the best you can be, it is necessary to have Life skills. This term ‘Life Skills’ refers to the psychological, sociological and interpersonal skills. These skills can help people in all respects particularly in making right decisions, communicate effectively, and develop self-management talents, to lead a healthy and productive life. Is there any need of Soft Skills? As soft skills are interpersonal skills, they are essential to everybody. It is useful for an individual to demonstrate the maturity of thinking, emotional handling and responding to the people and situations that demands his/her a reaction. One of the important soft skills is communication skills, and we need it daily routine. Communication skills do not mean just listening attentively and speaking clearly. It is often more about listening with attention, understanding and interpreting body languages, and striving mutually to arrive at possibly agreeable solutions. Presently, soft skills development has become extremely popular and is being emphasized in various professional courses including MBA, Engineering and civil services examinations and in several competitive, job-oriented courses as well. What are the Soft Skills Exactly? This is a quite debatable question. And there cannot be unanimity among the scholars. However, this is a general and inclusive list of points as the common topics in soft skills development. 1. Accountability 2. Adorable Behavior Traits

Introduction: Education is not only getting degrees, rather it is acquiring life skills. Soft skills are not a matter of classroom study. They are life skills which have to be practiced continuously for better performance. However, these days most of the students are busy in passing exams and moving forward. Even people understand the need of hard skills such as technical training but very few are aware of soft skills. In fact, soft skills are meant for being a better human being. In the globalized socio-economic scenario, soft skills have become inevitable requirement of the time. This paper attempts to explain the basics of ‘soft skills’ and ‘personality development’ and the interdependence of the two concepts. Hence, it addresses some of the most pertinent questions in the minds of a novice in the field. What is meant by Soft Skills? Soft skills are not mere communication skills. Soft skills are interpersonal and intra-personal skills. These skills define an individual’s ‘Emotional Quotient’ (EQ) and ‘Intelligence Quotient’ (IQ). According to André Iland, “this is a ‘package’ of skills related to personality development that including social skills, communication and language skills, interpersonal habits, assertiveness, friendliness and optimism that demonstrate the relationship with the other”. Soft skills are generally interpersonal competencies. Soft skills are the emotional sine qua non of psychological survival. Shalini Verma defines soft skills as “learned behavior which requires training and focused application”. P. K. Manoharan referring to soft skills as life skills states that Life-Skills, also known as soft skills, are Soft Skill and Personality Development

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3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

Alertness Amiability Analytical Thinking Skills Assertiveness Awareness Being Considerate and Reasonable Body Language Catholicity of Character Commitment Common Sense Communication Skills Compassion Conflict Management Skills Counseling Skills Courtesy Creativity Critical Thinking Decision Making Desire for Self-Discovery Duty Consciousness Eagerness to Learn Etiquettes and Manners Fairness in Dealings Feedback Skills Fellow Feeling Flexibility General Knowledge and Understanding Goal Setting Ability Good Attitude Good Conversational Skills Good Humour Good Level of Intelligence Grasping Ability Group Discussion Honesty and Integrity Humility Idealism Impartiality in Dealing Innovative Spirit Internalization of Criticism Interpersonal Relations Interviews Justice


46. Leadership Skills 47. Listening Skills 48. Mentoring 49. Morality 50. Motivation 51. Negotiation Skills 52. Objectivity 53. Organizational Skills 54. Perception Levels 55. Personality Development 56. Persuasion Skills 57. Positive Reaction to Outward Stimulus 58. Presence of Mind 59. Presentation Skills 60. Problem Solving Skills 61. Psychological Stability 62. Public Speaking 63. Punctuality 64. Reasonable and Realistic Beliefs 65. Reliability 66. Respect for Others 67. Self Awareness 68. Simplicity 69. Sincerity 70. Smartness 71. Straightforwardness 72. Stress Management 73. Team Work 74. Time Management Skills 75. Trustworthiness What is Soft Skills Development? Soft skills development is a process of the development of body and mind. Sometimes, it is referred to as personality development. In sociology, sociologists name it as the process of socialization. In this psychophysical process a person becomes more social and acceptable to the society. As there are individual variations and adaptations in acquisition and delivery these skills are called soft skills. These skills are acquired mostly through social interactions. It is through adjusting the certain personality patter one gets these skills. The aim of soft skills development is to develop the human personality in a holistic sense, to (8)

ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

make beings more socially refined. What are the Stages of Soft Skills Development? Soft skills development is a continuous process of self improvement. Irrespective of age, one can begin it any stage. SWOT analysis is the basic requirement to begin the process of soft skills development. According to B. N. Ghosh there are four sages in the development of soft skills, which are as follows: 1. Learning through formal and informal processes 2. Absorption and rooting in the mind or psyche 3. Demonstration and delivery of the skill 4. Diffusion (spread it and become a resource person and expert in the field) How to Develop Soft Skills? Are there any Tips for Practicing Soft Skills? The development or improvement of soft skills needs constant and consistent efforts. Here are some of the advices out of experience: 1. One should identify his soft skill. 2. Once understood your soft skill, one must not stop practicing it. 3. It is always better to either choose a profession according to one’s soft skill. 4. There should be full scope for innovations and creativity in the practice of soft skills. 5. Education, family and friends are also important factors in Soft Skills Development. What is Personality Development? Personality development is nothing but acquiring life skills, the skills which are required to live life successfully. The word personality refers to an individual’s character traits as well. E. Suresh Kumar has stated following eight types of personality: 1. Extrovert 2. Introvert 3. Sensor 4. Intuitive 5. Thinker 6. Feeler 7. Judger 8. Perceiver Personality development involves one’s socio, economic, cultural, geographical and educational Soft Skill and Personality Development

exposure. It reflects the influence of parents, peers, friends and teachers. The type of personality one has depends on the character traits that are more prone to any of the above type. However, there can be many more types of personality. One of the important personality traits is the ability to express oneself clearly, confidently and effectively to the other. Personality Development by Valerie Simanowitz and Pearce Peter is a significant book on ‘personality development’. Especially, the first chapter of the book emphasizes the conceptual history. It examines psycho analytic models of personality development. It begins with Freud’s key theories, which initially emphasized psychosexual development and the gratification of needs. It then traces the key historical developments and contemporary psychodynamic theories of personality development, including the theories put forward by Melanie Klein, W.R.D. Fairbairn, D.W. Winnicott, Margart Mahler, John Bowlby, Heinz Kohut and Daniel Stern. Conclusion: In brief, soft skills are life skills. In addition to it, these are personal skills as well. These skills are important for everybody to succeed in life. Communication skill is the basic skill of soft skills. Soft skills development is a systematic, conscious and continuous process. SWOT analysis is the best way to begin with soft skills development. The aim of it is to be a holistic being. This results into personality development. References: Ghosh, P. N. Managing Soft Skills for Personality Development. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2012. Iland, André. Soft Skills: Be Professionally Proactive. Iland Business Pages, 2013. Manoharan, P. K. Educaation and Personality Development. APH, New Delhi, 2008. Simanowitz, Valerie, and Pearce, Peter. Personality Development. Open University Press, Berkshire, 2003. Suresh Kumar, E and P Shreehari etc., Communication Skills and Soft Skills: An Integrated Approach. Dorling Kindersley, New Delhi, 2011. Verma, Shalini. Personality Development and Soft Skills. Goyal, New Delhi, 2013. (9)

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Soft Skills and Employability

Subodh N. Chinchole Jijamata Mahavidyalaya, Buldana skill, problem solving, time management, communication skill, integrity and work ethic, critical and analytical thinking, innovation, creativity, positive attitude, flexibility etc.

Introduction: This paper explores the significance of soft skills in learners’ life; their achievements in terms of academic excellence and professional success. No doubt academic or technical knowledge, generally termed as hard skills, are prerequisites for employment. Yet soft skills, which comprise a long list of interpersonal skills and individual abilities, complement the academic knowledge and thus contribute greatly to enhance the employability of the students. This paper makes an earnest appeal to all those involved actively in the policy making, curricula designing, teaching and evaluation processes to acknowledge the need for soft skills in enhancing the employability of the students. Soft skills variously known as interpersonal skills, people skills or behavioral competence, are a set of personal attributes often ‘associated with a person’s EQ (Emotional Intelligence Quotient ), the cluster of personality traits, social graces, communication, personal habits, friendliness, and optimism that characterize relationships with other people.’1 Oxford English Dictionary also defines soft skills as ‘personal attributes that enable someone to interact effectively and harmoniously with other people.’2 While World English Dictionary (2003) explains them as ‘desirable qualities for certain form of employment that do not depend on acquired knowledge; they include common sense, the ability to deal with people, and a positive flexible attitude.’3 Among numerous of such attributes some are really very significant and so are most desirable in a candidate. The top among them are team orientation, organization Soft Skill and Personality Development

Acknowledging the Need: With rapidly growing corporate sector and the ever widening network of the multinational companies the present job market has undergone drastic changes. Government and semi- government sectors, trade and business nothing can escape the influences of this global phenomenon. Consequently there are pressing demands from employers of more trained and skillful graduates. Most of the candidates are normally academically proficient but lacking in soft skills such as communication, innovative and creative thinking, personal integrity, interpersonal skills etc. Lack of these skills decreases the employability of these students. In fact our higher education is producing students with good academic and technical knowledge but employability skills are still a new challenge to face. “It is widely recognized that there is a great shortage of employable people in India at a time when we are seeing high growth rates in virtually every sector of the economy”.4 Soft skills play an important role in enhancing the employability of the students. In India there had been a big hue and cry concerning the problem of unemployment because job availability was very meager. However, today the situation is changed. The modern global market and open competition is offering ample job opportunities in the country and abroad. But it is observed that in India unemployability is today a (10)

ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

greater issue than unemployment. Former president of institutions and even individuals are called upon today India Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam said, ‘it is not to accept the new challenges and adopt new curricula unemployment that is the major problem; it is the and methodologies. question of unemployability that is the major crisis in this competitive arena…’ So, today than ever before, it is our urgent need to References: 1. Wikipedia, a free encyclopedia, acknowledge this problem if only we aim at increasing www.wikipedia.com the employability of our students. 2. Oxford English Dictionary (OUP) 2010 Initiatives for Employability Enhancement: th 3. World English Dictionary (2012) The UGC published its 12 Five-Year-Plan in November 2011. Here I would like to cite a passage 4. Sushila Rao, Soft Skills? Who need them?, CSI from its Chapter 8 ‘Vocationalisation of Higher Communications, ISSN 0970-647X, March Education’2011 ‘Complaints are often heard that universities are not 5. Inclusive and Qualitative Expansion of Higher sufficiently vocational. In particular, that educated Education, 12th Five-Year-Plan, UGC, New university graduates do not fit easily into the Delhi (2011), Chapter 8 p. 104 developmental activities of the state and the society; the courses that are taught are not relevant to the requirements of the productive sector. At the same time, there are also strong views that University Education should be holistic, creative, and multidisciplinary and provide the graduates with ability for further pursuit of knowledge. Against the encroaching demands of a market driven logic, a number of educators have argued forcefully that higher education should be defended as both a public good and as an autonomous sphere for the development of a critical and productive democratic citizenry. The point for consideration is how to develop a qualification framework for higher education that provides for relevant vocational experience for some persons and knowledge intensive education for others.’5 In the wake of these pressing demands from job market it is quite mandatory for all those involved in higher education to take initiatives to bridge the gap between academic knowledge and practical wisdom of our graduates. The solution for this likes mostly in training our students in soft skills. Today it is a high time for our education system to incorporate soft skill development and employability enhancement programmes in the curricula of all faculties. Some universities have already taken initiatives while a lot of work is to be done in that direction. Universities, (11) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

3

Presentation Skill : The Basic Need in Communication Skills

Gautam Ambhore Shri Shivaji Science and Arts College, Chikhli, Buldana by the recipient. It is a two-way traffic. At one end is the communicator and at the other receiver or decoder of the message. Thus, there is a message or information to be shared with another person. The speaker has to decide what message to send, to whom and when. He tries to select the method and ways of communication. Finally the recipient reacts to the message or information and may enhance or minus something of his own to its meaning and significance. As such, communication is a complicated process. After all human beings’ activities are a type of communication, but most essential one of these is the spoken word. The word of mouth, as a means of human communication has always been the most vital and significant. Then there are non-verbal, gestures, symbols and written forms of communication. Hence everything is to communicate and sharing of information. All of us try always to communicate in one way or the other. It remains as an endless process without a beginning or end. As the thinking and intelligent being, man is always busy in thinking and communicating. Such type of communication helps him in number of ways. It lightens suffering, reduces pain, doubles the happiness and relieves from mental stress and confusion. Speech is sound and sense, body and soul. Only the speaking is not only an instrument or vehicle of communication, but works more than that. It is a very compact and impressive instrument. Therefore, in reality all human activities can be regarded as communication. In ultimate analysis all human actions can be interpreted as utterances and exclamations. Man can express in better manner his inner being, his overall personality, his motives, targets, ways of interests

Human beings can think therefore they visualize, speak and communicate. They have always been in search of well to do means of communication and self-expression. Speech is ancient and so men are never alone. They are always surrounded by their thoughts. The very fact of being man signifies words and speech. Communication, through speech, has been of vital importance for human beings since times immemorial. Man is nothing without speech and communication. The way of speaking makes him the supreme creation of Nature. A man is known by his speech as a sky known by the sun. In a way, all our actions and activities are self-expressions but oral expression is the most significant and it is also the oldest and the richest. The term “communication” is very broad and important in its meaning and significance. It has many meanings and shades of meanings. It may mean different things to different persons. In true sense it could be expressed as an activity or process of expressing ideas, thoughts, visualizations, emotions and feelings. It is a process of imparting and sharing information. In its all-inclusiveness it includes all types of communications indulged by human beings-verbal, non-verbal and symbolic. In the present context of large gathering and presentation, we are mainly concerned with speech, the word of mouth which has been the fastest and the most effective means of communication since the advent of mankind. The communication is not merely informing and receiving information. It has to be effective and motivational. There is a sender and a receiver in this process of communication. To be effective and purposeful, a message has to be intelligible so as to be known Soft Skill and Personality Development

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through word of the mouth. Many of the men are born with the mental ability to illustrate and express, but it has to be further cultivated and learned in order to speak and talk well and effectively. Presentation skills are adopted and implemented in various ways. A person on an average spends about 75 percent of his day’s time in speaking and listening, reading and writing as well. The employers, employees and unemployed one must have good communication and presentation skills as they are in great demand by every walk of life. This phenomenon can be found across all the jobs that are available in the market. Some of the field works and researches have revealed that presentation skills are necessary both for seeking employment and successful job performance. They are also essential through their job career. The ability to speak lucidly, explicitly, perfectly and successfully has been recognized as the hallmark of a modern educated person. Meaningful and impressive public speaking is a very healthy technique today. It is a open secret to leadership, development of personality and brilliant career success. Good leadership grows out of the skills of presentation. The interconnection and intimacy between the two is now a commonly understood fact. It has always been the sure means of getting opportunities and to create impression. All the great personalities of the world, all the


history doers in the annals of human civilization, all the luminaries and illustrious person have invariably been great orators and presenters. The people who have led the masses and turned the tide of events have been in possession of the gift of the gab. Successful public speaking has always been an infallible means of achieving honour, advancement in career, applause, and fame. It has been an impressive and potent tool and technique since times immemorial. If these people can succeed at the top of the ladder, then I too can succeed very easily in this regard. Barack Obama, Martin Luther King Junior, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Socrates, George Washington, and Abraham Lincoln, to name only a few, all have remained successful and convinced the respective mass. They could visualize their dreams into reality only due to their skills and efficiency in presentation and public speaking. Also the massacres like Hitler and Mussolini possessed these skills and efficiencies in abundance and misused them to their great advantage. It only shows how powerful and fantastic can be the might of a great public speaker. Like above mentioned persons on the basis of oratorical skills who could leave their images on the historical records. Commanders of language like these can shape not only their lives but nations’ as well.

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4

Enhancing the Basic Interpersonal Skills Using Collaborative Method: Group Discussion

Mr.Anand B. Bodhale Science and Humanities Department, K.J.Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai. personal skills of graduate students across the different streams of knowledge. The traditional teaching methods are more of teacher-centric which only focus on disseminating theoretical knowledge without involving learners actively. Such type of pedagogical system has been found to be ineffective in imparting skill-based education. The several surveys and observations have revealed that the traditional teacher-centered instructional methods have failed to produce the required number of employable candidates for the different service sectors in the society. Here comes the urgent need of using the learner-centric collaborative and participative instructional methods to train the graduate students to improve their interpersonal skills. This study is delimited to one of the major collaborative methods, i.e., Group Discussion. It focuses on the process of using Group Discussion in the classroom for enhancing the basic interpersonal skills of graduate students, its adaptability, strengths and the limitations of its implications as a teaching learning method. The idea that interpersonal skills are more important than even the technical and general expertise of students, has been confirmed again and again by multiple research projects, the daily experiences of teachers, counsellors, and recruiters or employers. Today, there is an urgent need for understanding the required skill sets of modern industry and train the students to improve their interpersonal skills by adopting the collaborative learning methods like Group Discussions, Debates, Project work, Team presentations etc. in the curriculum. The present paper gives an analytical account of the importance of collaborative methods, the basic interpersonal skills, their importance in the dif-

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to give a critical account of use and effectiveness of the collaborative method: Group Discussion as a teaching-learning method for enhancing the basic interpersonal skills of students at graduate level. The graduate students require the basic interpersonal skills to be successful in their personal life and be employable in the global market of employment. The present paper attempts to give a panoramic view of a paradigm shift in the pedagogical approach of imparting skill-based education from the teacher-centric approach to the participative student-centric approach of teaching in today’s modern education. It has been found that the collaborative methods improve the level of students’ participation in the learning process. Group Discussion is one of the most effective collaborative methods which allows students to learn the basic interpersonal skills in a real set up. Keywords: Collaborative Method, Interpersonal Skills, and Group Discussion. 1) Introduction: The present market of employment is very dynamic in terms of its constant ever changing needs and requirements. In this ever evolving industry sector and social set up, the success of graduate students does not depend only on the cognitive skills but they also need to have the basic interpersonal skills. These skills are life skills for their survival in the personal and professional life. Training graduate students in these skills is vitally important for making them employable. The present paper attempts to deal with the effectiveness of collaborative and participative classroom activity, Group Discussion (GD), for improving much-required interSoft Skill and Personality Development

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ferent walks of human life, the use of Group Discusmar badly their individual and profession growth. This sion, the process of conduction of such method in the also has long term adverse effects on the whole profile classroom, the role of teacher and students and the limiof their professional life and affects recruitment and tations of the implications of such type of collaboraretention in further higher studies. Hence these skills tive method for learning interpersonal skills in the classshould be fostered in all graduate and post graduate room. The paper also attempts to stress upon the imlevel education. The word interpersonal is derived from portance of shift from the teacher-centric approach to the prefix inter, meaning “between,” and the word perthe student-centric approach of educational set up, son; interpersonal skills literally taken for the skills which improve the level of students’ participation in developed, learned and mastered between people. The the learning process. term ‘interpersonal’ is mostly taken in reference to The modern theorist John Dewey rightly mentioned in something involving or occurring among several his celebrated book, The School and Society (1899), people. The interpersonal skills mostly are those skills that the best learning takes place when students parrequired for getting along with others in social groups. ticipate in what he describes an occupation: “a mode These skills include leadership qualities, group skills, of activity on the part of the child which reproduces, empathy, cooperation, team work, communication or or runs parallel to, some form of work carried on in presentation skills, problem solving, critical thinking, social life.” The other theorists like Jean Piaget, Carl listening skills, etc.. In collaborative learning process , Rogers, and few others stressed upon the process of the students learn how to develop the key skills and designing instructional material according to the indiabilities of interpersonal intelligence: understanding vidualistic needs of learners so as to develop all round people, presenting oneself clearly and honestly, aspersonality of students. The contribution of Howard serting needs, seeking and giving feedback, influencGardners’ Theory of Multiple Intelligence brought a ing others, resolving conflict, being a team player, and paradigm shift in terms of understanding the multifacshifting approach in order to get positive results by taketed personality traits and the unique aptitude set of ing active participation in the given tasks. human capabilities. Gardner’s multiple intelligence 3) The Concept of Collaborative Learning: theory has proved to be a great help in curriculum deToday, all human activities are becoming more and velopment, instruction planning, selection of course more interdependent, collaborative and involving peractivities, and related assessment strategies which prisons for bringing better outputs in all spheres of life. marily stress upon the development of blend of interCollaborative work is defined as two or more people personal skills of learners. So this widely recognized working together. Effective collaboration is manparadigm shift has shown a change from ‘teaching’ to datory for success in the context of a workplace such ‘learning’ and learning of interpersonal skills takes as today?s business environment (Beyerlein & Harplace naturally by adopting collaborative methods. ris, 2003). This is also applicable in the field of im2) Interpersonal skills: parting education. In order to develop the basic interIn collaborative learning, the development of interpersonal skills of graduate students, it is required to personal skills is as important as the learning itself. create opportunities for students to work in pairs and Interpersonal skills are an essential component in the small groups, so they are encouraged to discuss their modern education of graduate students of all streams ideas, explain their reasoning and learn from their colof knowledge to assist not just students’ education but laboration with each other. Collaboration means a joint also to prepare them for their future careers. These skills interaction between two or more students working toempower the students to be employable in employment gether to solve problems, create new ideas, or learn market. Inadequate and ineffective interpersonal skills certain skills and master content. “Collaborative (15) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

learning” is a broad term for a variety of educaother using speaking, non-verbal, and listening protional approaches involving joint intellectual effort cesses. (Gall & Gillett, 1980). Participating in group by students, or students and teachers together.( discussions, students get a chance to consider other Smith and MacGregor, 1992) The collaborative methpeople’s perspectives on a topic and develop effective ods, along with the conventional instructional activiinterpersonal skills like communication skill, problem ties: the lecturing, listening, note-taking, involve the solving skills, leadership, group or social skills, listenstudents in the participative classroom work. Teachers ing, etc., if a GD is properly planned and organized to who use collaborative learning approaches tend to reencourage students’ active participation. duce their interference in the learning process and give 4.1.1 The Basic Interpersonal Skills Required and more importance in creating conducive environment Developed in Group Discussion: for the learners and helping them to help themselves The GD helps students to enhance the following basic by using the ‘learning by doing’ principle. This eninterpersonal skills: courages active participation of learners in the learno Communication skills: The participants emulate ing process and develops their self-belief, sense of the communicative style of other proficient parachieving something independently, and sense of beticipants and try to put their views across using ing responsible for self and other co-learners in a group. right level of linguistic skills. GD helps the parThe several reports have stated that the graduate ticipants learn these skills vicariously by listenstudent’s proficiency in interpersonal competencies ing to others carefully. gives them an added edge to launch their career suco Group skills or social skills: In GD, the students cessfully. In fact, it serves the purpose of being one of learn how to get along with others, support others the best career enhancers and the single biggest factor views by extending their support to others and in determining a student’s career success or failure getting supported. (Polack-Wahl, 200). If it is so, the teachers should deo Leadership qualities: The students get exposed sign their instructional material and use the approprito a group of participants with diverse background ate collaborative methods carefully focusing on the wherein he or she gets a chance to show leadertargeted set of skills. It has been found that the skills ship qualities by introducing a topic at the initialike problem solving, communications, interpersonal tion stage, monitoring the performance of others skills and critical and independent thinking could be during GD and keeping the discussion on the track fostered in graduate courses and are very much learnif it gets drifted. This teaches students how to lead able. The following methods could be more effective and be responsible for the development of discusthan the conventional didactic approaches of teaching sion. graduate courses. o Listening skills: Listening is one of the most im4) Group Discussion (GD): A Collaborative portant receptive skills through which participants Method: learn others ideas on a topic. That gives a chance Group Discussion is one of the most effective particito others to speak. pative teaching methods which can be used in the o Critical or logical thinking: GD is a type of formoderately small class or small group. The primary mal group presentation in which everyone tries to goal of using GD is to get students talking in the given think logically and present his or her ideas effecstructured format on a topic. GD is considered as a tively using authentic facts and figures. The parstrategy for achieving instructional objectives that inticipants need to consider others views and then volves a group of persons, usually in the role of modexpress their views appropriately according to the erator and participant, who communicate with each context. (16) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

Empathy: Empathy is the most precious human content being referred by participants during value which is inculcated in a GD by carefully GD sessions. understanding others views and putting oneself in f. Provide constructive feedbacks on the indiothers situation. vidual performance. 4.1.2 Planning and Preparation for conducting In the process of conducting GD, teacher’s role is very Group Discussion: important. He or She has to make conducive seating Teachers or instructors should prepare their proper stratarrangement, monitor the progress of GD, and observe egies that can be used in large classes to increase stuthe verbal and non-verbal communication of members dent engagement, motivation, cooperation and collaboand see to that everyone is participating. ration, and to achieve learning outcomes that are set 4.1.2 Strengths and Limitations: for conducting GD at the beginning. GDs are planned Using this method, students get an opportunity to work to engage students in large groups, however they are along with others in a team. They become more confimore effective if the groups are small in number of dent to speak in group atmosphere and take initiative participants or students. Teachers need to consider the to support others and get supported in return. Such level of understanding, maturity, experience, awaresupportive and collaborative environment can motivate ness of format of GD and the basic required linguistic participants to improve their communication skills and proficiency of students or participants before deciding social skills. Besides all these positive results of use of the topic and other instructional strategies for conductGD, there are few perceptible constraints in the impliing a GD. While planning to organize a GD, a teacher cation of GD as a teaching learning method. Teacher’s should consider the following questions to make GD role gets reduced to the work of organizer and monitor more relevant and useful: in this method. Students may turn discussion into a 1. How is a Group formed in terms of the age, maturity debate and cause a lot of chaos if they are not mature and experience of participants? to understand their responsibilities. 2. What is the topic? 5. Conclusion: 3. What are the aims and objectives of using GD as a The graduate students’ proficiency in the basic interlearning method? personal skills is the detrimental factor for achieving 4. How many students are selected in a group? success in their personal, social and profession life in 5. What basic interpersonal skills are expected to be the wake of changing needs of service sectors. These used and enhanced during a GD? skills can be inculcated using the participative and col6. How the students’ performance will be evaluated? laborative methods. As it is seen that the modern eduAfter going through all these deliberations, a teacher cation is witnessing remarkable alterations in the apshould consider the following steps for the conduction proach of imparting skill-based education. The teachof a good GD: ing –learning process is no longer teacher-centric now. a. Form groups of 6 to 10 students. The focus has been shifted from teacher to the student. b. Allot time and topics considering the age group, The students are now required to be more competent maturity and experience of participants. in terms of learning content and skills. In order to enc. Explain the format or type of GD well in adhance the much needed interpersonal skills, teachers vance. are reducing their level of interference in the class work d. Encourage the participants for expressing their and started using student-centric collaborative methperspective on the topic. ods to increase students engagements in the learning e. Evaluate students’ performance based on the process for enhancing the basic interpersonal skills interpersonal skills being displayed and the like communication and presentation skills, group skills (17) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7 o

or social skills, leadership skills, listening skills and empathy. It has been found that GD is one of the most effective collaborative methods which offers conducive environment for a student to speak confidently and listen to others to improve his or her understanding on a topic. It allows graduate students to explore the possible ways of looking at a problem which will certainly help them develop their critical thinking independently. All this is possible only if the GD is planned well considering the objectives of instructional material and the other factors like the maturity of students, their linguistic proficiency and age group. Although GD is student centric method, but still the teachers’ role is very important in terms of planning and implication of the method in the classroom.


Reference: Beyerlein, M. M. & Harris, C. (2003). Guiding the Journey to Collaborative Work. Pfeiffer & Company. Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education. The Macmillan Company. Gall, M. D. and Gillett,M. (1980). The discussion method in classroom teaching. Theory into Practice. Volume 19(2). Goleman, Daniel. (1998). Working with Emotional Intelligence. Bantam Books. Mandal, S.K.(2006). How to succeed in Group Discussions and Personal Interviews. Jaico Publishing House. Smith,B. L. and MacGregor, J. T.(1992). “What Is CollaborativeLearning?” in Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education.

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5

Communication : A Soul Life Skill

Dr. Navle Balaji Anandrao, Assistant Professor, Dept. of English, Shri Muktanand College, Gangapur of communication is not vocabulary but courage, both, physical and moral, as explained by William Slim in his essay, “What is Courage.” Communications a heart to heart dialogue held in a meaningful way. Etymologically the English word “communication” has been derived from a Latin term, ‘commnicare’/ ‘comminico’ meaning ‘to share.’ Communication is a matter of the basic skills: LSRW. Communication is a process to acquire, exchange, store, information, ideas, and message. All communication is a two-way process or multiple ways process. It is essentially a social affair. It is a network of interactions taking place in communication environment with a purpose, formation of contents, sense of humor/ commonsense. The goal of language teaching is to develop communicative competence in the learners. The teacher is the facilitator of learning, the manager of classroom activities. Learners are communicators. They are actively engaged in negotiating meaning. They learn to communicate by communicating. They engage in activities like games, problem solving tasks, role-play etc. Language functions are emphasized over forms. All the four skills — Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing — are given equal emphasis. Language is presented in the form of continuous discourse rather than isolated sentences. The mother tongue is not used. All communication takes place through the target language, English. Errors are tolerated as an inevitable part of the language learning process. A learner is encouraged to be fluent; accuracy is important but is only secondary. Types of communication includes verbal, nonverbal, symbolic, formal, informal, printed, electronic, digital and so on. Many a times there occur a break down of communication due to internal and external

Communication has become an essential thing of modern corporate life. Day-to-day proceedings and the overall functioning of modern corporate life is based on effective communication. Infact Communication has become a basic need of human beings. It is oxygen of contemporary human life. Meaningful modern corporate life is quite impossible without effective communication. Human beings fulfill almost all of the work with the help of communication. We use maximum time for communication. It is an ontological need of human being. Sigmund Freud introduced it as a therapy known as ‘communication therapy.’ In the age of advanced science and technology communication has transcended all the conventional shorelines and it has become an umbrella term. Communication not only in English but in any language is a matter of skills. By and large, communication has a significant place in the modern corporate life. The basic skills makes communication more effective and promising. Effective communication is LOVE — lasting-organized-valuable earn of modern corporate life. Success, progress and development of modern corporate life is depend effective communication. We take communication for granted because we do it so frequently, but it’s actually a complex process. Our ability to communicate is an important tool in our pursuit of our goals, whether it is with our family, our colleagues, friends, fellow students, our clients and customers. Communication is a unification of sensibility. We can have brilliant ideas, but if we can’t get them across, our ideas won’t get us anywhere. Communication is a series of experiences of listening, speaking, reading, writing, and hearing, seeing, tasting, and seeing simultaneously. The first and foremost need Soft Skill and Personality Development

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barriers— such as poor listening skills, nostalgia, attitude, premature evaluation, fatigue, emotionalism, lack of interest, inferiority and superiority complexities, fear, mistrust, difference in perceptions, negative perspective, organitional structure, staff screen, information and power, pollution, and distance. Nonverbal communication includes body-language, personal apprence, posture, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact etc. There is an immense value of listening. Listening to others is an elegant art. It reflects courtesy and good manners. The result of poor listening skill could be disastrous in business, employment and social relations. Good listening skill can improve social relations and conversation. It is a positive activity rather than a passive one. An effective listener requires eye contact with the speaker, effective notes taking habit, a physically involvement, avoidance of negative mannerisms, exercise of listening ability, undivided attention to the speaker while listening. There is an essential difference between listening and hearing. Listener should think in terms of speakers’ status and experience, drive away prejudices, open minded, listen to understand not to refute, use listening time constructively, and analyze speakers’ language. Listening also depends on speaking. Speaker should speak at a level of listener, adapt listener’s prejudices, organize rarity in understanding, develop ideas for listeners, make changes seem attractive, and use listener level language. We should pay attention in the way we speak, the way we listen, the way we get others to do listen. There are a few dos and don’ts of communication: always think ahead about what you are going to say; use simple words and phrases that are understood by every body; increase your knowledge on all subjects you are required to speak; speak clearly and audibly; check twice with the listener whether you have been understood accurately or not; in case of an interruption, always do a little recap of what has been already said; always pay undivided attention to the speaker while listening; always make notes of important points; always ask for clarification if you have failed to grasp other’s point of view; repeat what the speaker has said to check whether you have understood Soft Skill and Personality Development

accurately, do not instantly react and mutter something in anger; do not use technical terms & terminologies not understood by majority of people; do not speak too fast or too slow; do not speak in inaudible surroundings, as you won’t be heard; do not assume that everybody understands you; while listening do not glance here and there as it might distract the speaker; do not interrupt the speaker; do not jump to the conclusion that you have understood everything. One can improve existing level of communication with regular practice and improvement of language, pronunciation, voice modulation, body language, reading, listening, interacting with qualitative people, topic of discussion, meditation & good thoughts, thinking and speaking, not speaking too fast, using simple vocabulary, not speaking only to impress someone, and looking presentable and confident. Improvement of body language includes keeping appropriate distance, touching only when appropriate, taking care of our appearance, maintaining eye contact, smiling genuinely. It is said that a person is known by the way he quarrels his breeding comes out best. Oral communication includes public speaking/ official speaking, seminars and conferences, interviews, group discussion etc. In communication there are certain common activities such as kinesis or kinetics (body language), efficacious communicative skills, knowledge of the subject-matter, thorough knowledge of using modern gadgets/apparatuses/equipments etc. , sense of costume, fashion and decency, effective language, knowledge of phonetics, semantics and pragmatics including RP pronunciation, stress and intonation, and mechanics of articulation or voice modulation. Presentation is an important communication skill in modern corporate life. More than heights, snakes, disease, financial problems, what many of us fear most is speaking to a group of people. To present better one must understand its nature, and acquire the required skills through regular practice. Perfect presentation rests on four basic principles: everyone has something to say, you have ways of communicating belonging just to you, you have a right to be heard, you are responsible for being heard. Perfect (20)

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presentation comes through self-expression. Presenters often create self-made obstacles which can be overcomed through written notes, visual aids, body talk, and commonsense. There are five ps of perfect presentation: personality, passion, presence, purpose, and preparation. There are five steps to an instant speech: get attentation– introduce your presentation with a grabby opening; explain– the relevance of your subject to the audience; follow– with a general statement of your purpose; support– it with two or three examples or illustration, including personal relevance; end– on a stiking sentence summarizing your speech. In presentation personality plays an important role. Personality to a person is what fragrance to a flower. Key points of successful presentation includes: selfinterrogation– ask yourself; make it memorable and you will be remembered; accentuate your assets, minimize your deficiencies; there is no gain without pain; focus on the big benefits of effective speaking; let yourself go openly. There are seven cs of presentations: commitment, creativity, clarity, coherence, conciseness, credibility and confidence. Choice and organization of appropriate material, adequate rehearsal with self confidence, development of courage and confidence with strong and persistent desire, thorough preparation of the topic/ subject, confidential action and practice make a good public speaker. The tips to become a speaker includes: learn as much as you can about the subject of your talk; gather all the possible information about the topic, write down the ideas, key words, phrases; use all research sources available to you to saturate yourself with information; refer bibliographies and webliografies; identify and emphasis the major points; have organic unity among the points; prepare notes and graphics to ensure all points are covered effectively; be aware of obligations and disagreements with your ideas and be prepared to discuss them. In order to keep the audience one requires passion, feeling, spirit and liveliness. Always have something that you very much want to say. Know your audience. For good delivery stress important words, subordinate unimportant ones; change your pitch; vary Soft Skill and Personality Development

your rate of speaking; pause before and after important ideas. There are certain tips on how to overcome stage fright such as: practice grammar so that you can construct a sentence instantly and speak without thinking about your errors; arrive early and get assimilated to the venue. Beginners should accept to make speeches only on familiar subjects. To build confidence makes small and successful speeches. The speech to be delivered should be prepared well beforehand. The words that are used in the speech should be those that come naturally to you. Avoid jargons that are difficult. Begin your salutation slowly, smoothly and little longer. Write down the key points of your talk on palm cards and take them with you. Modulate your voice. It brings life into your speech. If you have erred admit and correct it. One can open a speech with an apology, curiosity, a story, a question, an illustration, a quotation of a famous person, the vital interests of the listeners, shocking facts; and close with a critical synopsis. In short: “first, tell them that you are going to tell them, then tell them, then tell them that you have told them.” The essential elements in successful speaking includes the necessity of persistence; the certainty of reward; the will to win; platform presence and personality. Elbert Hubbard rightly states: “In eloquent speaking it is a manner that wins, rather it is manner plus ideas.” It is said, “He who cannot smile ought not to keep a shop.” Writing is a creative process; it is a process of reaching out for one’s thoughts and discovering them. It is a process of meaning-making, problem solving, and a way of processing information to attain goals. It is a transcription of the process of composing ideas. It is not a product of thought, but actualization and dramatization of ideas. It involves: active command of vocabulary and sentence structure; awareness of the conventions of punctuation and spelling; organization to achieve coherence; intelligence. It is a formal communication. It is also bound by the dictates of the organization. It has widened its horizons through ecommunication. There are seven cs of written communications: credibility– builds trust, courtesy– improves relationship, clarity– makes comprehension (21)

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easier, correctness– builds confidence, consistency– introduces stability, concreteness– reinforces confidence, and conciseness– saves time. There are four‘s’ of written communication: preciseness— “brevity is the soul of wit,” simplicity, strength, and sincerity. Experts suggests: don’t copy others, have your own style, develop through wide reading, write simply in a conversational style, use clean, plain English and avoid unnecessary elaborated, decorated, out of date language, jargon, and slang. Business correspondence is an important field of modern corporate life. It functions through letter writing. Success of modern corporate life depends on careful handling of correspondence. It requires good grammar, correct usage, etiquettes, and manners. Clarity is an essence of good letter writing= clear thought== clear mind. Business letter= written contacts with people within and outside the organization. The long lasting record can be referred whenever necessary. It is not merely a contact between two individuals but two organizations. Objectives of letter writing includes: to request specific information or action; to provide information; ceremonial purpose; to exchange ideas, handle arguments, present a point of view; explanation of acceptance or rejection of action; to sell goods or services or to provide information about the company to establish MoU. Letter writing is both an art and science of communication. It is an art which needs to be mastered as a communication tool at both personal and professional level. Not only the content but the presentation also has the marked effect on the result. One should think before writing a letter a few things such as: what you want to achieve; reread previous correspondence; consider the main purpose of the letter; think a secondary purpose of the letter; set aside a specific time for dealing with letters; make notes while planning. Planning of letter includes reason for writing, fact presentation: make a list and put the facts in a logical order and expected action Editing the draft is compulsory. Check the draft time and again. It includes several stages. Ask yourself: “does that say exactly what I want it to say? In the best possible way? In the fewest and cleverest words?” It Soft Skill and Personality Development

requires thorough scanning of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and usage. Before you sign the typed version, check the letter carefully once more for typing errors and the like. Always keep copies of business letters as important documents, evidence. Careful presentation also includes neat and attractive, quality stationary. Cultivation of certain habits, attitudes and qualities of mind is also essential. Visualize what you wish to say: clear thinking gives birth to clear writing. Prepare the first draft without caring much for the mechanics of writing: attention to such details disturb the flow of thought. One should stop when you have finished saying what you wanted to say: a professional writes to express and not to impress. Revise the draft carefully, this time taking care of all the required details. Approach the problem with a scientist’s objectivity, detachment and passion for truth with plain, concise and precise manner. Don’t elaborate point unnecessarily. Every human activity of any consequence requires systematic preparation for a successful result. It is said that“a lawyer must labor when the court indulges in relaxation and study when his/her clients slumber.” No structure can stand firmly unless the foundation is well laid. The same apply to the modern corporate world in respect of effective communication, promising correspondence and mission towards excellence. References: Borges, Johnson. 2010. Handbook of Letter Writing. Pune: diamond Publication. Deshpande, Ashwini.2011. Functional English. Nashik. Y Chavan Maharastra Open University. Gibaldi, Joseph. 2009. MLA Handbook of Writers of Research Papers. (Seventh edition). New Delhi, AffliatedEast-WestPres Pvt Ltd. Borges, Johnson. 2010. Handbook of Letter Writing. Pune: diamond Publication.

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6

Writing Skill

Dr. V. M. More Principal Law College, Beed.

Dr. Anees Mohiuddin Law College Beed. cific tools those can be disused as follows. Feature and characteristics of Skilled Drafting: 1. Proficiency in English as well as regional language i.e Marathi An advocate by profession must have substantial knowledge of English language. Because basically the medium of legal education is English and the language of Lower Courts, High court Tribunals and the Supreme Court is English. The advocate must have also knowledge of Regional language as well as local language since the population about 60% resides in the rural area and maximum litigant comes from the rural areas. The High court’s also appreciates submission to lower courts in Marathi language and judgments and their translation in Marathi language. 2. A skilled drafting require the language and words simple and appropriate and matching to the situation. As far as possible, long sentences are to be avoided as well as the size of the paragraph. The drafting shall give the correct message even to a person of ordinary thinking and understanding. The language used shall give polite impression so that the reader shall form a good and soft corner for the writing. 3. The drafting shall have a clear sense. The writing shall be like a network so that sentences and various paragraphs are linked to each other in sequence and have relevancy to the subject matter. 4. The drafting for legal presentation is somewhat different. In this case it shall clear the facts and circumstances of the case. The projection of the writing shall be appropriate because by this presentation the law is going to be enforced in it implementation.

Writing skill requires acquaintance with any particular knowledge of specific language May it be field of literature, prose writing, poetry writing, Drama and script writing. Redio, T.V and film script writing. Business writing, songs and lyric writing, folk song writing, The writing skill is also needed in various professions like medical, engineering, business, Information Technology etc. The present paper is related with the legal writing. This is very important in legal field. An advocate, Attorney, Legal Adviser, Solicitor have to write and present various types of matter of differentfields and present it before appropriate authories. i.e. particular writing in the legal language is termed as drafting. This is one of the topics with skill in legal writing. Meaning of Drafting: The general meaning of drafting: It means putting one’s own idea in writing. Meaning of draft: A rough or preliminary sketch of piece of writing. Writing skill is required in personal, private, official and legal matters. An advocate by profession is related with drafting as one of the skills in the field of legal writing it is also important because when an advocate prepares his legal notes he has to confront with other opponent parties through the other advocate from the Bar. Further his writing is also to be presented before a judge during trial. Not only this preparation of suit has also relation with the witnesses of applicant, defendants, Court Commissioner, Expert Persons etc. Therefore the writing by an advocate shall follow the rules of good writing i.e drafting. Every skill require speSoft Skill and Personality Development

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5. A mere writing and putting words into exposition that he keeps himself in the position of a reader. Beis not sufficient. Whatever is written is communicatfore writing it is necessary to be well prepared mening a comprehensive message of the topic. Every reader tally rather it would be better if some basic outline is feeling it to be a piece of knowledge. prepared. What the eminent writers say about the principles of Suggestions: good writing is also matter to be considered Some of the following suggestions are presented Sir Emest Grower: for making writing skilful. The suggestions are not In his words the choice of words should be with a exhaustive. view to convey the message of writer i.e. the golden 1. To be a skillful writer, on should create good vorule as follows. cabulary under the guidance of expertise. 1. Use no more words than one necessary to explain 2. Avoid mistakes in writing your meaning. 3. A writer shall treat himself as a reader to check 2. Use familiar words then far-fetched. what the other will feel about his writing. 3. Use words with a precise meaning than those that 4. A good writing shall create a good image and opinare vague. ion in the minds and hearts of the readers. Fowler says: 5. Care shall be taken that the writing is precise, clear, Any one who wish to become a good writer should adaptable and lucid. Endeavour before he allows himself to be tempted by References: more showy qualities the following five rules in the 1. Legal language by Dr. Maheshwara Swamy. Asia domain of vocabulary. Law House Hyderabad 2nd Edn. 2009. 2. Legal English- M. Madhu, Asia Law house 1. Prefer the familiar word to far-fetched. Hyderabad. 2. Prefer the concrete word to abstract 3. Legal language and legal Dr. S. R. Myneni writ3. Prefer the single word to the circumlocution. ing Asia law house Edn 2011. 4. Prefer the short word to the long. 4. Legal language and legal drafting by M.P. Tondon. 5. Prefer Saxon to the Roman Allahabad Law house Edn.1998 Advantages of good drafting: 5. Legal Language by Dr. Madubuushi Srhidhar. Asia It has come to the notice that one of the reasons of Law house Hyderabad Edn 2011. delay in justice is irrational drafting. Therefore the good 6. Legal writing and legal language including gendrafting attracts many advantages which include juseral English. By S.C. Tripathi. Edn. 2011. Central tice with speed and in time. It also helps to develop Law Publication Allahabad. and grow law and legal system. It avoids litigation, 7. Outlines of legal language in India. Dr. Anuradha dispute or differences between the parties. Lastly it Prasad Central Law publication Edn.2009 extends help in law making process and law enforcement. Conclusion: If one observes an extra ordinary writing it will be evident that it will contain single word for many words, Simple words than hard, sentences will be shorter, expression of idea in few words, the verbs to be active, right word choice, avoid passive vice. It will also be seen that knowing the aims and objective of writing is also essential. It is one of the qualities of best writer (24) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

7

Importance of Language in Personality Development

Dr.Kanwate V.S. Principal Nagnath College Aundha Nag. Dist. Hingoli

Mr.Kadam K.R. IQAC Co-Ordinator Nagnath College Aundha Nag. Dist. Hingoli

Introduction Present age is the age of globalization Rapid changes can be seen in each and every sector. Tests and likes of the peoples are changing. In the field like trade, food production, media etc. or even in government as well as non-government organization, preference is given to impressive personalities, in the field like tourism, hotel management, where fluent communicators are needed the agencies pay huge salary to such peoples. Personality development became a crucial issue for schools, colleges as well as private institutions. Higher Education institutions provide plenty of graduates every year, they looks clever, intelligent as for as their mark sheet are concern but most of them remains unemployed. The only reason is that they are not developed. Today there are various institutions that conduct classes and courses on personality development. The Concept ‘Personality Development’ of an individual can be described as: “an aggregate total of the decisions he has made throughout his life and the memory of the experiences to which these decisions led.” Personality is defined as ‘the enduring personal characteristics of individuals ’ There are various factors that contribute to the development of our personality such as: Natural, genetic and environmental as well as heredity. Personality also colors values, beliefs and expectations. Along with above mentioned factors, language also play vital role in personality development.


Importance of Language in Personality Development: John Jeffrey Gorrell comments that ‘A Persons use of language as the basis for his representing and exploring the world around him channelizes his thinking processes.’ Language expose inner or internal thinking process of an individual external appearance may impress others , that means your hairstyle, spectacle, make-u, clothing, shoes or sandal etc. may impress others , they me call you smart , but it is the language , that finally decide your personality. Peoples like , mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Jyotiba Fule , Even Anna Hazare or those , respected by world are respected by their speech , the language they used our language forms relationships , the language is only medium to express our thought opinions , feelings etc. Benjamine Lee Whorf once said that ‘ Language is the best show man puts on , It certainly is the most characteristic and pervasive means man has of understanding and representing his experience.’ Language affects a lot, it helps others to understand our personality. Language creates leadership so as it spoils leadership also. When we read or here statement given by our leaders we easily understand their thinking process, sometimes we like it sometimes we dislike it. If we look at the speech process itself, we see the individual finding ways of bringing to public shape his personal thoughts, feelings, impression and idea, In doing so one discovers more about the experience he attempts to communicate to others.

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Conclusion: Personality Development depends more on the use of language, may be spoken or written form. People around you like you mostly because of the language we use. It is the language that leads other to form positive or negative opinion. This language plays an important role in Personality Development


References: 1) Personality Development , Wikipedia.org.com 2) John Jeffrey Gorrell , Language and self : A dissertation, 1975.P. VIII 3) Ibid. P.I 4) Radiance: Communication Skills, Orient Black Swan, Mumbai, 2009.

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8

Sports and Personality Development

Ms. Sangeeta G. Avachar Head, Department of English, Late Sow. Kamaltai Jamkar Mahila Mahavidyalaya Parbhani. tasks in almost all the walks of life. And to confront these critical situations bravely one has to be fit rather physically which ultimately requires playing some sport daily or doing some exercise regularly. A person has to perform his/ her duty with attentiveness which could be gained through full concentration which is possible for healthy mind and body. Sports can provide a strong resonant support in this aspiration for excellence. Modern lifestyle is largely responsible for destruction of peace in life even though it largely depends on the individual how to handle the tensions in life however a sportive attitude achieved could help to gain endurance and tolerance in various walks of life. While doing jobs in private sector where people have to work day and night it is really painful task to manage time and remain fit. The tight and packed schedules of office workers lead them many times towards depressions due to inability to tackle the complicated lifestyle. Playing a sport daily and gaining inner strength would be a right alternative to this problem. It is said that literature and art help us develop our intellect, spiritual and emotional endurance but sports certainly help us develop the physical strength. To assert the importance of physical strength one can quote Swami Vivekananda who said, “Strength is life, weakness is death.” 1 The youth idol Swami Vivekananda and the visionary patriot Lokmanya Tilak always insisted on getting physical and mental strength for personality development.

Introduction “Sports” is an integral part of life that accelerates human beings to upgrade health and thereby enhances the capacity for performing better in life. In modern world of globalization and competition playing some sport regularly and keeping oneself fit physically is the best option to increase efficiency, for making the life merry go! The term personality development is an inclusive term encompassing various psychological and biological aspects of an individual. It consists of various habits, styles ways of communication and presentation including how one speaks, thinks, walks, works and influences other. Importance of Sports A well-bred personality is an essential factor for life to survive in the competitive world which is changing at the fastest, every moment. For making a developed personality it is essential to remain physically fit and playing sport or doing some physical exercise daily could be the notable options to become physically fit and to remain so throughout life. To put it more soundly and clearly, exercise and sports play an important role in the development of human personality. In the modern world full of anxiety they are no less expected than our daily needs of food and fresh water. Therefore for overall personality development sport is not less than a tonic that smoothen the course of life. Today’s world is full of anxieties aroused due to performing multiple Soft Skill and Personality Development

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Playing Sport-Growing Better “You have to grow from the inside out, None can teach you, None can make you spiritual. There is no other teacher, But your own soul.2 -Swami Vivekananda Playing sports and doing regular physical exercise promote this growing inside out making understand the learner the necessity of self-motivation. It helps to incorporate the feeling in the mind of the learner that his/her own soul is the best teacher hence identifying the need of introducing sports education right from the school days as an integral part of National Curriculum. It is observed that children who play different sports develop a better personality in comparison to the personality of regularly non-playing children. Regular exercise through playing some sport helps building a strong physic, a little bit good increase in height than expected to be reached by heredity and in turn a healthy body, of course supportive nutritional diet according to the age group is equally essential. Sport inculcates motivation and determination and accelerates working toward a goal. Feeling of accomplishment as the children/students work to build their athletic skills improves self-esteem. This improvement in self-esteem afterwards leads to physical, mental and emotional endurance to compete which is an essential personality trait in taking on other challenges in life. Incorporating Social Skills Coming together for playing team sport succeeds in incorporating and strengthening the mutual relationship which is a necessary move in achieving the social skills. Playing a sport requires cooperation whereas fair play and enjoyment through fun are always associated with sport. Playing team games help the students to develop a healthy sense of competition to acquire better interaction skills with other at different social levels. Coping with the people of different castes, creeds, Soft Skill and Personality Development

religions and even different cultures becomes easy inspiring National Integration at the same time. Leadership Ability For a regular sport person getting to practice in time and with all the right equipment is a challenge. Disciplined behaviour and alertness is required to follow any schedule. And when it is a team game every student tries that his teammate should reach in time for the event, hence imparting responsible leadership qualities among the students. To manage one’s own schedule and to adjust the schedules of teammates shiningly bring out the leadership abilities. Meanwhile the candidates also learn to handle internal team conflicts, developing game strategies and encouraging team members. Resilience To cope up with intense emotions and the extremities of life in a healthy manner is a valuable personality trait for all. While playing victory or defeat, joy or excitement, grief or frustration may be experienced. Sport in this way, helps to teach the students to bounce back and try again after failure. At times inspite of displaying best performance a person may lose. In a sense playing a sport provides the players/students an organized and structured environment; here coaches and team members can provide encouragement and help build resilience. Academic Enhancement through Sports Playing sport builds character, teaches strategic thinking, analytical thinking, leadership skills, goal setting, risk taking etc. All these are non-physical aspects assisting in enhancing academic performance of any student. Any physical exercise or sport is supposed to develop five components of fitness such as strength, speed, skill, stamina and flexibility which proves immensely helpful in academic development. When a person is under stress from any reason, work pressures (28)

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and anxiety, apart from fitness benefits exercises/sports help release pressure and tension in a healthy and efficient manner. A balance between mind and heart for academic enhancement could be achieved through regular physical exercise may be in the form of some sport. Sport/Yoga Facility for Improvement in Concentration Lack of concentration is one of the major obstacles in academic failure, but the people who play regularly could concentrate in a better way on their studies as playing and winning a sport is inseparably related to concentration. Without full attention one can’t think of going nearby victory indeed concentration is one of the essential factors for achieving success. Once the habit of concentrating is nurtured, success comes easily and this could be gained by playing some sport/ exercise regularly. Acquiring Management Skills The persons playing sports learn to manage time efficiently. They start recognizing the importance of time in life. Due to sport schedules the students learn to prepare and prioritize deadlines well and this builds time management skills in students. While travelling at distant places real worth of human beings is tasted and doing that frequently makes one perfect to manage any task easily. Management and adjustment is very well taught during sport tours. It makes shine the personality brightly by achieving a balance between physical and mental health. Playing sports also inculcates values like discipline, responsibility, self confidence,

about many people in the world who easily loose the temper and loose mental balance in the state of anger. The most important benefit of playing some sport is that the playing person can easily combat anger, anxiety, mental stress and all types of depressions which are very frequent hurdles on the way to success. Sport trains very well to accept defeat gracefully, teaches to accept adversities and to move on in life. A kind of immortal feeling expressed through Marathi lyric of Shanta Shelke beautifully used in the Marathi movie Apli Manse and sung by Usha Mangeshkar and Mahendra Kapoor; that is what we gain from sports: Jivan Gane Gatach Rahave, Zale Gele Visrun Jave, Pudhe Pudhe Chalave, Jivan Gane Gatach Rahave.4 Besides, the attitude of sharing which is becoming invisible slowly from the world could be restored through inculcating a love of sports and subsiding the final result that may be a victory or sometimes a defeat just a kind of feeling that the show must go on! Benefits of Sports for Working People Working people in the modern world easily fall a prey to tensions and depressing ambience. Almost critical conditions at the work place, the burden of achievements, the expectations and the gap between expectations and achievements and poor health and personality add to their toil. But all these harmful traits could be avoided by playing some sport or regular physical exercise for all the job holders. It will certainly help gaining efficiency and speed in the work undertaken. The thoughts of defeat and frustration could be kept at bay by adhering to athletic exercises. This view could be strengthened with the saying, “I have learned that something constructive comes from every defeat.”5 by

sacrifice and accountability. Self-Control and Stress Relief Holding onto anger is like drinking poison, and expecting the other person to die. 3 -Lord Buddha This wise thought of Buddha is sarcastically true Soft Skill and Personality Development

Tom Landry. Yoga also is equally beneficial for acquiring con(29)

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centration which, through meditation can upgrade the spiritual status of working community thereby acquiring self motivation added by controlling the emotions and determination as some more benefits of regular sport exercise. Commitments and aspiration of excellence can be cherished safely once the sportive attitude is developed. Almost any tough target of life can

be achieved with a balancing attitude gained by consistent sport exercise. A healthy psychology and strong and sturdy physic are the fruitful outcomes of sportive attitude besides some more important positive characteristic traits achieved through regular exercises improve the interpersonal relationships.

References 1. https://www.google.co.in/search?q=personality+development+quotes&tbm=isch&source=i u&imgil=Fhxc1VpO4bvwPM%253A-Vivekananda 2. https://www.google.co.in/ search?q=personality+development+quotes&tbm=isch&source=iu&imgil=Fhxc1VpO4bvwPM%253AVivekananda 3. https://www.google.co.in/ search?q=personality +development +quotes&biw= 1024&bih=629&tbm =isch&tbo= u&source=univ&sa=X&ei= PMHPUran OIH3rQfxi4CIBg&ved = 0CDwQsAQ&sout=0#imgdii=_ 4. http://www.raaga.com/play/?id=209817 5. http://www.keepinspiring.me/100-most-inspirational-sports-quotes-of-all-time/

Webliography: a. http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/personality-development-children-play-sports-2839.html b. http://www.essentiallifeskills.net/sports.html c. https://in.toluna.com/opinions/1210120/How-important-is-games-and-sports-for-overall-developmentof-a-personality d. http://sportspersonalitydevelopment.blogspot.in/ e. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-29/fitness/33119977_1_team-spirit-sport-skills f. http://benefitsofplayingsports.wordpress.com/category/benefits-of-sports/personality-developmentthrough-sports/ g. http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/various-personality-factors-affect-athletic-successand-exercise-adherence


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9

The Role of Science in the Personality Development

Bais Sunita Manoharrao Research Student S.R.T.M.U., Nanded. Introduction Personality is the indicator of human being. Each and every human being is an uncommon productivity of God on the earth, even the twins have their similarity in their outward appearance but so much differences are seen in their inner appearance. So, we can know how about any human being on seeing their outward appearance, which is called as ‘personality’ in general. But this is not the total meaning of the personality it is a vast concept relate with so many angles of the human being. So each and very human being have to take care to improve their personality by taking so many skills by acquiring it. Objectives : 1. To know the concept of personality development. 2. To know the importance of science as a soft skill in the process of personality development. 3. To light on the impact of science in human life. Hypothesis : 1. Personality development is a process which is going continuous in human life. 2. Science is taking an important role in human life. Key words : Human life, science, human being, skill, process personality, development etc. Research Methodology : I completed this research paper by taking the help of secondary data collection as, books, reference books, new paper articles and network websites etc. Personality Development : Personality development means the improvement behavioral traits such as communication skills, attitude Soft Skill and Personality Development

towards life, interpersonal relationships, etiquettes and acquired manners, these all points are very helpful for the development of personality. As per modern management concept “Personality is the brand image of an individual.” Personality play a vital role in ones successful life; mainly in the profession. Today’s world is the world of competition , so one have to do hard and qualitative work to become a successful worker, Personality in this highly competitive corporate world will help us to stand out in a crowd of job seekers with ordinary skill and talent. The ever changing impact of technology and the style of management pay so much attention to personality. Recent survey suggest that the more valuable employee is the one who can grow and learn as the business changes and grows personality is very important in business. It is essential to be technically sound, but one should also have the ability to convey the idea to the masses in the simplest possible manners. Importance of Science in personality development Personality development is an on going process. We can get new skills by acquiring it in the process of education. Todays education is became skill oriented and its aim is to make the student as a skilled worker in his field. Our growth of population is so vast that there is a need of man power and skillful worker. We do not get the job to all the people. So there is the need of teaching skills and then stand on our own foot independently, skills are very important in this process. And our personality is became very well developed when we acquire the following skills in our personality: Communication skill, Positive attitude, values attitude, in(31)

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terpersonal skills, perception, creativity problem solvcussion programs, debates. Even viewers can make ing and decision making etc. telephonic call and have a direct conversation with the ‘Science’ is taking an important role in our perconcerned person of that program. sonality development process. It is said that the world The 3G technology stands as a milestone in technological revolution by its fast communication techcame near and near because of the Science. Television, mobile, computer, Network all these inventions are nology, easy accessibility, time and price. It made available the applications like video conferencing, fast responsible for the closeness of the world. We can internet speed, high downloading speed and quality watch the world on sitting at our home. We can acvideo transfer etc. The many educational deliver spequire the knowledge of the world corner by these scicial lectures by experts through out the world. Comman entific inventions. So many changes have been done. people also can use this 3 G technology to communiWith the help of these technological instruments, the cate through video conferencing. This will definitely total life is changed; due to these technology college nature the efforts towards the enhancement of the perstudents are communicating with their friends through sonality development. SMS; they are sharing their thoughts, they are typing Regarding the selection of students in jobs one sms and reading sms in English and this provide defact we need to take into account sincerely that, “A sired environment. All these improve their presentastudy attributed to Harvarb University found that when tion skills, interpersonal skills, etiquettes the team a person gets a job, 85% of the time it is because of building which are attributes of personality developtheir personality and 15% of the time because of how ment. They are using different types of services of smart they are and how many facts and figures they mobile companies like Airtel live to download songs, know. Surprisingly almost 100% education dollars go images , mobile internet browsing, GPRS services etc. to teach facts and figures which account for only 15% by this way they embrace different skills of personalof success in work!” Thus technical and job related ity development. skills are must, but they are not sufficient when it comes The students of rural area are started to get familto finding a job or progressing up the ladder, and here iar with the enchanting world of internet, they are it becomes necessary to all of us to appreciate the perbrowsing community websites like www. sonality development. In this way science do an imFacebook.com., www.orkut. Com, www.twitter.com. , www.picasa. Com., www. Linkedin.com to get in portant role in the process of personality development. touch of their friends and collegues, this gives them an References : opportunity to express themselves, share themselves, 1. Dr. K. Alex : Soft skills. to develop communication skills, interpersonal skills, 2. Prin. Dr. Nagorao Kumbar and Dr. Shrikant decision making. The web world provides excellent Gaikwad : Higher Education, Personality Develwebsites for personality development. Students themopment and Human Values. selves can develop by using online tests. 3. News paper articles. Television programmes are easily available for 4. Internet websites. even rural and backward areas, the students are getting aware of current affairs through news channels. Traditionally television was one way communication but today in the world of information, it became two way communication because many T.V. programs involves people to vote for some issue or participants through sms like in singing shows, dance competitions, dis(32) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

10

Existence of Mathematics in Personality Development

C.D. Bele Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani

S.N. Bidarkar Head, Department of Mathematics, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani

Introduction: The real end of science is honour of human mind. The science of pure mathematics may be claiming to be the most original creation of the human spirit. Language is the medium of communication of our thoughts. we communicate our ideas to others through sentences. Through language mathematics play a major role in the development of personality. A group of friends visited pune for the first time. As they were approaching pune, they saw a tree with red leaves, one amongst the friends was a layman, who saw, “look trees in pune have red leaves.” this friend, who was a logician, corrected him, “Some trees in pune have red leaves.” To which another friend, who was a mathematician, replied,”All I can say is that, there exists at least one tree in pune , which appears to have red colored leaves”. Thus mathematicians believe in exactness.[3] What is mathematics? The answer to this question is of course complex; there are elaborate elucidations, some excellent, on the subject but inevitably, even the best accounts give incomplete answer. Mathematics is a branch of science, which deals with numbers and their operations. It involves calculation, computation, solving of problems etc. Its dictionary meaning states that “Mathematics is the science of numbers and space” or “Mathematics is the science of measurement, quantity and magnitude”. It is exact, precise, systematic and a logical subject. The Mathematicians: “Mathematics is a science whose subject matter is special forms and quantitative relationships of the real world.” —— Angels Soft Skill and Personality Development

“Mathematics is a way to settle in the mind of children a habit of reasoning” —— Locke “Mathematical knowledge appeared to be certain, exact, and applicable to the real world; moreover it was obtained by mere thinking, without the need of observation. Consequently, it was thought to supply an ideal, from which everyday empirical knowledge fell short. It was supposed on the basis of mathematics, that thought is superior to sense, intuition to observation. If the world of sense does not fit mathematics, so much the worse for the world of sense. ... This form of philosophy begins with Pythagoras.” ——Bertrand Russell: Importance of the study: 1.This paper is useful for those students, teachers and researchers, they have doing competitive study of mathematics. 2. Mathematics is a subject of not only the field of science but also this is related to all social sciences and humanities and that way this paper is useful to all researchers they are doing in the field of social sciences. Objective of the study : 1. Study of correlation between mathematics and personality development. 2. To find the role of mathematics in personality development. Discussion: Mathematics today is a diverse discipline that deals with data, measurements and observations from science, with inference, deduction, and proof; and with mathematical models of natural phenomena, of human behavior, and of social systems. Mathematics is the study of quantity, structure, space and change; it has (33)

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historically developed, through the use of abstraction It is not surprising that our language should be and logical reasoning, from counting, calculation, meaincapable of describing the processes occurring within surement, and the study of the shapes and motions of the atoms, for, as has been remarked, it was invented physical objects. Mathematics is the touch stone of wit to describe the experiences of daily life, and these conand whetstone of intelligence. It is the master & sersist only of processes involving exceedingly large numvant of most discipline & source of enlightment of bers of atoms. Furthermore, it is very difficult to modify human understanding of the universe. Without mathour language so that it will be able to describe these ematics the understanding of national problems would atomic processes, for words can only describe things be superficial.[7] of which we can form mental pictures, and this ability, In all the entire history of education, mathematics too, is a result of daily experience. [1] Fortunately, has hold its leading position among all other schools mathematics is not subject to this limitation, and it has subjects, because it has been considered as an indisbeen possible to invent a mathematical scheme - the pensable tool in the formation of the educated man, quantum theory - which seems entirely adequate for ‘Mathematics is the means of sharpening the individuthe treatment of atomic processes; for visualization, als mind, shaping his reasoning ability & developing however, we must content ourselves with two incomhis personality’. In Mathematics more than any other plete analogies - the wave picture and the corpuscular subjects the pupil’s work is likely to be judged in terms picture.”[5] of simple ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ Criteria and that repeated Effective communication and interpersonal skills failure must play a major role in determine motivation are crucial to increase employment opportunities and and attitudes to mathematics. Mathematics has become to compete successfully in the business environment. a tool for the other science and a provision of solutions For the soft skills, to problems of everyday life. a) Develop effective communication skills (spoken and Personality, according to the principles of psycholwritten). ogy evolves through a process of integration of the b)Develop effective presentation skills. whole man. Mathematics provides the forum in which c)Become self-confident individuals by mastering inthis process of integration could be held, developed ter-personal skill, team management skills, and internalized.[2] and leadership skills Personality is a very dynamic and psychological d)Develop all-round personalities with a mature outconcept , according to well-known psychologists GORlook to function effectively in different DON ALLPORT ,”The dynamic organization within circumstances. the individual of those psychophysical systems that e)Develop broad career plans, evaluate the employment determine his characteristics behavior and market, and indentify the organization to thoughts,”.[8] get good placement, match job requirements and In the ancient Egyptian Society, Mathematics was skills sets. taught in order to achieve the desirable state of being a f)Take part effectively in various selection procedures priest. The priests were highly honored and considadopted by the recruiters. ered as men of high esteem and personality who acIn an age when relationships between individuals quired their exceptional status through the discipline and organizations are getting more and more complex, of mathematics. Mathematics takes us still further from it is enough to only have an excellent IQ. Being good what is human, into the region of absolute necessity, to at number crunching and scoring high marks in subwhich not only the actual world, but every possible jects are not the only criteria for success in professional world, must conform. or personal life. The ability to deal with one’s feelings (34) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

and understand the feelings of others in any given situations helps one to complement academic intelligence/ cognitive capacities (IQ) with human understanding of issues. This ability is known as Emotional Intelligence or EI.[6] At the Soft Skill Coaching, coaching is imparted to fine-tune the students attitudes, values, beliefs, motivation, desires, feelings, eagerness to learn, willingness to share and embrace new ideas, goal orientation, flexibility, persuasions, futuristic thinking, compassion, diplomacy, and various skills sets of communication, manners, and etiquette so that they will be able to deal with different situations diligently and responsibly. Soft skills or Emotional Intelligence Skills strengthen them from within. These skills empower them to understand “who they are” and how best they can come across as competent individuals in any situation. The training in soft skills has two parts. One part involves developing attitudes and attributes, and the other part involves fine-tuning communication skills to express attitudes, ideas, and thoughts well. Crucial to successful work is the perfect integration of ideas and attitudes with appropriate communication skills in oral, written, and non-verbal areas. Attitudes and skills are integral to soft skills. Each one influences and complements the other.

References: [1] M.J. Deviyani S. July 21-21, 2011 “ Solving Problems In Mathematics Using the Personality Types As a Means of Developing the Nation’s Character, ISBN: 978-97916353-7-0. [2] Ebiendele E. Peter, Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 2011, Mathematics: Indispensable tool for successful and balance human existence on this planet, ISSN: 0976-8610, 499-456. [3] A Textbook of Mathematics and Statistics, Standard 12th, Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Pune. [4] Bell, E. T. (1965). Men of mathematics. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster, Courant, R., & Hilbert, D. (1953). Methods of mathematical physics. London: Interscience Publishers. [5] Freudenthal, H. (1973). Mathematics as educational tasks. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Riedel. [6] Freudenthal, H.(1991). Revisiting mathematics education: China lectures. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwers Academic Publishers. [7] Gray, E., & Tall, D. (2007). Abstraction as a natural process of mental compression. Mathematics Education Research Journal. [8] Disposition Theories by Allport.

Observation: 1. Mathematics is a numerical exercise of physical objects. 2. By study of mathematics, improve self confidence personality. Conclusion: Mathematics is the key of all sciences, in the society mathematical knowledge appeared to be certain, exact and applicable to the real world. For personality development Mathematics plays an important role. From above brief discussion we conclude that mathematics tools are helpful in soft skills and personality development. Soft Skill and Personality Development

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11

Role of Doctor in Science Education for Personality Development

Nana V. Shitole, Suraj B. Ade, Subhash M. Lonkar P.G. Department of Chemistry, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani We focus on the global need for sustainable development. The increasing awareness that the quality of education is critical for sustainable development has led authors in high-quality science and science education journals to call for the improvement of education. Yet, the different often-simultaneously proposed educational approaches that can be found in science journals commonly are grounded in epistemologies that militate against the very attitudes that are to be propagated. They call for reproducible and testable science education to which elicited images of science are inherent. This contrasts with an education into science as a novelizing discourse in which students learn to act in their own life world and hence to participate in the construction of images of science. To overcome such contradictions, we present a form of science education rooted in a holistic epistemology like grounded in human evolution and the notion of collective human activity as the pivotal unit of individuals’ transaction with the natural world. Drawing on data from an environmental education project, we exemplify how this epistemology allows a dual contribution to both improvements of education and sustainable development. We rethink the epistemological underpinnings of science education as a means to contribute to novelizing discourse, resulting in a science education as a form of sustainable development. The practice of medicine implies lifelong learning, and the modern health service expects career grade doctors to engage in a programme of continuous professional development. Doctors are a highly motivated group, and so the expectation that they will participate Soft Skill and Personality Development

seems well founded. For those in the training grades, professional development is supervised and made explicit within postgraduate medical education and training. Seniors have traditionally planned their professional development unassisted and in isolation. Most manage this with ease and confidence, moved forward by the day to day challenges of clinical practice, health service management, teaching, and research. However, a few do too little in preparing for the changes of their working lives, and as a result are resistant when confronted with new ideas or novel ways of doing things. In responding to the needs of a patient, a doctor draws upon all of his or her wisdom and life experiences. These resources far exceed the confines of medical knowledge or transferable clinical skills for professional conduct, core beliefs, and personal integrity are inextricably interwoven. This being the case, professional development is contained within personal development. Personal development is part of the process of lifelong learning and follows basic educational principles. It shares with education a common philosophy, ethical frame work, and psychology, as well as practical components. This article reflects on the commonality between the two, with reference to the needs of senior doctors. The parallel helps to make the learning processes of personal and professional development more explicit, and allows us to see where components such as reflection, mentoring, continuous medical education, and appraisal fit in. Educators have agonized over the most appropriate ways of measuring the educational process. Whereas it is relatively easy to quantify teaching activity, assessing the extent of knowledge is complex. It is even (36)

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harder to determine the true output of the education process—that is, reinforcement or change in knowledge base and continuous medical education meetings per se does little to change the performance of consultants, unless it is linked to practice reinforcing strategies Most people will be far more judgmental about themselves than would an external agency. In the present political climate, clinical practice is under scrutiny, and an assurance of quality is demanded. Self regulation of the medical profession and the measurement of consultant performance have become contentious issues. Counting continuous medical education activity might placate those who demand tighter regulation, but not for long. Self managed records of personal development are appropriate and potentially far reaching measures, dealing with real end points of the process and preserving motivation. Although some of this information is private and would not be disclosed, a component dealing with professional matters might become a valuable public measure of the good standing of a doctor. Medical profession adopts this approach? If so,


can it be done, researched, and tested in time to assuage those who think that regulation belongs outside the profession altogether? Personal and professional developments operate in a similar way to education, have similar end points, and are encompassed by the same ethical framework. This insight illustrates where mentoring, formal continuous medical education, and appraisal belong. The individual doctor maintains motivation and responsibility for the process by engaging the cycle through reflection and self analysis, the essential entry step. The Royal Colleges have a vital role in researching, advising on, and promoting personal and professional development on behalf of their members. Self maintained records of personal development might be the best way to facilitate and demonstrate the professional advancement of career grade doctors. Although the immediate benefit will be to the doctors who undertake it, personal development can only support quality assurance. This may be the way for the medical profession to be regulated.

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Fascia of Personality Development

Chincholkar B. B. Head, Dept. of English, Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya, Parbhani Abstract: The present paper has been attempted to explore, the field of personality that has been always a huge concern to all psychologists as well as to people in general. In addition, many people feel curious to discover this field that they often ask themselves questions concerning the personality. For instance, why is she or he behaving like that, I wish I could understand my son, I do not know how to deal with my spouse, how can I change myself, I do not know what I want, etc. Therefore, it is very essential that we improve our knowledge on this field because it is extremely powerful to understand others as well as ourselves. Thus can help us recognize our strengths and weaknesses, improve our personality, build strong relationships, become more capable when dealing with different or difficult types of personality, and finally be more satisfied and happy.

displaying a little information about my family including how many members they are and how is my relationship toward them would enhance the analysis. However, I grew up in a family of one sister and one brother. Being the youngest sibling between them had taught me and made me aware of many potential concepts about life. Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others. Personality is generally defined as the deeply ingrained and relatively enduring patterns of thought, feeling and behavior. In fact, when one refers to personality, it generally implies to all what is unique about an individual, the characteristics that makes one stand out in a crowd. TYPES OF PERSONALITY TRAITS In a given particular situation, the way you think and how your sibling thinks may vary greatly. This reveals the difference in the personality traits that both of you possess despite coming from the same family and background. In order to assess the personality of a person, experts classify personality traits as types A, B, C and D. The way people react when they encounter certain situations can either be similar or very different from each other. It wholly depends on various factors such as upbringing, social circle and also on the influence of friends and dear ones. Factors such as education, environment, social status and intellect are also important in determining the similarities and differences among people. Type A people are seen as more competitive, great achievers and tend to develop a high sense of urgency towards their work. Type A people do not relax or take their work for granted; even if they do, they tend to feel guilty for the same.Type A personalities are over achievers and they deal with various unrelated subjects and perform well in everything. These people are highly

Introduction Personality is a combination of mental characteristics that makes an individual unique and differs from others. These mental characteristics include thoughts and emotions. At a basic level, an individual expresses his or her personality through biological basis, which they are the emotional and behavioral tendencies and which psychologists call it the temperaments. These temperaments are evident in early childhood. However, genes and environment are the two critical factors that involved in determining a personality. We are who we are maybe because of the biological features that we inherited from our parents. On the contrary, our personalities reflect obtained experiences from our family and our society. Additionally, before discussing the main characteristics of my personality, I believe that Soft Skill and Personality Development

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The biggest room in the world is the room for improvement ~ Unknown Author. Self improvement calls for a positive change in oneself. If you have the ability to work towards bettering yourself, you can naturally see a change and will definitely stand out in a crowd. Your well being is not just about handling stress or managing your time but it is also about how well you can do it. The basic aims of self improvement should be: productivity, positivity, good habits, happiness, confidence and leadership qualities and most importantly taking charge of your life. Given tips can help to improve you. · Meditation gives you that inner peace like nothing else can. After some time, you will notice that all negativity will be removed and you become happier. · Wake up about 30minutes earlier than normal and see how many more things you can do. Extra time gives you that extra edge to better yourself. · Accept compliments with a smile and thank people for them. Be kind to yourself and everyone will do the same. · Rules are not meant to be broken. So if you keep your principles on, you’ve obviously becoming a better person. · Stay around people who don’t give you a chance to give in to complaints, distract yourself and send out good signals which will increase your people power. · Find a mentor or a role model who you’d like to be like. You could implement their way of life into yours. · Remove unwanted people and things from your life. You are better without them. Now, you will have a clear and creative mind for the new things to come. · Watch something educative for about 30 minutes or so but don’t drown in the idiot box. · Use your mind and body into trying to channel positivity into the world! TECHNIQUES OF PROBLEM SOLVING For many people every minute and every hour throws up a new problem that at first always seems insurmountable. Some people, however, are more apt at problem solving than others. You may feel that these lucky people are blessed with some out-of-the-world skills that help them churn out solutions as fast as you

competitive and possess an aggressive challenging spirit.Such people are generally ideal for sports, finance and any job that offers ample growth and requires focused efforts. They aren’t really cut out for teamwork; they perform best alone. · This B type of personality is considered to be just opposite to that of type A.Though they are not as competitive as type A, type B personalities can be better achievers and do not get stressed easily.They tend to approach problems with a more relaxed and laid back point of view. There is a tendency in these personalities to delay work and give results at the eleventh hour. These personalities are not in a hurry to finish work and do not have a sense of urgency all the time. They work at their own sweet pace and deliver appreciable results too. Such people are ideal for marketing, sales and any job that comes with targets and semi-flexible deadlines and involves people interaction. · People who belong to C category are more interested to know the minute details of everything and don’t mind spending time trying to figure them out. They know very well to control their emotions and desire even in cases of extreme discomfort and that makes them ideal for teamwork. The problem with this type is mostly lack of confidence that leads to stress and even depression. These personality traits are thoughtful and deep thinkers and seek answers for the questions as to what, why and how. These types of people are more suitable for technical jobs. They are best suited for technical and back end jobs that require high caliber without much interaction. · The type D personality stands for distressed as such people tend to develop a pessimistic and negative outlook towards life. They can easily suppress their emotions and are very vulnerable and easily depressed. They are irritable, gloomy and worrisome. They do not share their emotions with others and this tendency increases their depressing attitude towards life. They are not very adventurous and prefer the same routine; they are resistant to change and are not very adjustable with people and circumstances. Such people often suffer from heart related problems and stress and are susceptible to coronary diseases. SELF IMPROVEMENT Soft Skill and Personality Development

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who is hardworking and responsible. Licking lips could signify hunger or lust. · A pale complexion signifies illness, surprise or nervousness. A reddish brown complexion may insinuate that the person is embarrassed or slightly irritated. · A small nose indicates that the person is weakminded while a hooked nose that he or she is self centred and uncertain. READING BODY LANGUAGE We are conscious of our verbal communication, our non-verbal communication, which is carried through the body language, is mostly from the sub-consciousness. That is why to understand a person you should be able to read his or her body language. According to body language psychologist Albert Mehrabian’s 7%38%-55% rule, 55 percent of our communication is done through body language, 38 percent is done through the tone of voice and 7 percent is done through our words. Given tips can help you to read body language. · Eyes play a very important role, as they are a direct link to the emotions. If there is a lot of eye movement then it conveys that anxiety or deceit. If the eyes are steady, then you can safely assume that the person is calm and confident. · Smile is a sign of agreement, acceptance, and submission. · Biting the lip while smiling then it means that he or she is nervous. · If someone touches the nose while speaking, then you may assume that he or she is either lying or withholding information. · Submissive people always tilt the head to the side. · If someone tilts the head backward, then you can take it as a sign of aggression or snootiness. · People who stand with the hands on their hip convey power. · Hand clasped behind the back then it can mean frustration or apprehension. · Person stands with one arm clasping the elbow of the other arm. You must understand this as the need for security. · A dejected person if you see one with drooping shoulders accompanied with fists in the pocket. · Fondling the hair or patting, then it can mean the

churn out problems. They employ certain methods and techniques.As getting to the other side of a high fence becomes much easier when you use a ladder rather than using your arms and legs to climb over. Given tips can help you to solve problem. · Think deeply of the problem before going to sleep. Many notable scientists use this technique to delve deeper into the problem. · You can also plug the problem at the back of your mind. So, the unconscious mind will be busy churning out solutions for the problem. · Just think of the problem when drowsy and chances are that you may be struck with that ‘eureka’ moment. · To tap the resources of the mind, the best way is associative thinking. Associative thinking is very effective in providing a better solution by highlighting other relationships of the problem. · Use analogy to get a diverse range of solutions simply through comparisons. · The problem is given to a group and everyone is encouraged to throw up ideas, no matter how ridiculous they are. One can come up with a number of ideas that is written down on a piece of paper. · Every cause of the problem is examined and a solution is given for each depending upon one’s knowledge and experience. HOW TO READ FACES Reading somebody else’s facial expression or assuming their characteristics is a gift. The test of time has proved that by the common man’s consensus, face reading is an art that if utilized appropriately, usually generates accurate interpretations. The right body language is of growing importance in several spheres of life. Given tips can help you to read faces. · Stare intently into their eyes. Try not to be too conspicuous, for you will cause that person tremendous discomfort. · Observe those with close-set eyes and you will notice that they have a better power of concentration than those with eyes wide apart who generally have a very broad minded nature. · People with small mouths are believed to have high levels of concentration. Lips may often indicate Soft Skill and Personality Development

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ity. Good manners can be learnt and adapted more effectively through practical exposure, rather than by theoretical knowledge. Manners come into play in every walk of life, practice them yourself and also teach your kids to incorporate these manners in their lifestyle, to mould a well-natured human being out of them. Learn to be polite and courteous in your behavior. Small helps like holding the door for someone with hands full can definitely give you a pleasing personality. Learn to respect the people around you. Take care that neither your words nor your actions insult anybody. “Honesty is the best policy”. Make it the principle of your life as well and practice it rigorously. Honesty gains trust and respect among other people. Being responsible for one’s own action is the trait of a well-mannered person. Be responsible for your commitments and make it a point to fulfill them at any cost. Learn to admit your mistakes and be determined never to repeat them again in your life. Apologize whenever you are at fault, instead of arguing to justify yourself. Be a patient listener and make the people around you to reveal in you. Appreciate the speaker and encourage him to speak more. Reference GRADDOL, D. (2005). The future of English. The British Council: London Abhishek Thakore.(2006).Thirty one Mantras for Personality Development, United colour offset press,Delhi. Alfred Adler, (2011) What Life Could Mean to You Viva Books Pvt Ltd London. Daniel goleman (2007) Working with Emotional Intelligence , Bantam books, New York. S.P Sharma, (2012) Youngsters Guide for Personality Development, Pustak Mahal, New Delhi. Ahok Menon,(2012) Life Style Grooming, Pustak Mahal, New Delhi. Mohan Sharma Vinay,(2012) Body Language, Pustak Mahal, New Delhi. Guy Finely,(2012) Be Confident & Fearless, Pustak Mahal, New Delhi.

he or she is feeling a sense of insecurity or a lack of self-confidence. · Combing the head with the fingers can also signify embarrassment. CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD TEACHER Many people would happily switch profession with a teacher. A teacher has to don the mantle of a lucid communicator, a fair evaluator, an adept manager, a strict disciplinarian, a healing therapist and a skillful team leader. A teacher should possess certain requisite qualities expected of him. This will help him elicit the best from his students and enjoy a rewarding career too. Few characteristics that make good teachers are as follows. · Teacher is to be a good communicator. He should be comfortable explaining things and enjoy doing the same. · A good teacher is one who knows how to keep the temper in check and act calmly. · Wit and humor, when applied in the proper manner, can form an important part of a successful teaching program. · Wise utilization of time is the hallmark of a good teacher. · He should be fair to his profession and assess students on their performance, instead of personal rapports and likings. · A good teacher should have the necessary command over the subject matter he teaches. · A teacher should be dedicated towards his work. A good teacher should be meticulous and have an eye for detail. · Well thought-out plans and programs for teaching will assist the productivity of a teacher. · A good teacher should be a good leader and a good friend. CONCLUSION As we merge all attributes of personality development we must attain sweet fruit of it. We can define complete person having all attributes.As Manners are the basic things that make human beings cultured and civilized. People with good manners are always noticed and appreciated. one can definitely try to acquire some best qualities in order to get a pleasing personalSoft Skill and Personality Development

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13

Develop An Effective Tone In Written Communication

Choudhary N. R. Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani. Introduction “True ease in writing comes from art, not chance, As those move easiest who have learned to dance.” -Alexander Pope (1) Writing is a mode of communicating a message for a purpose. Writing reveals one’s ability to think clearly and to use language effectively. Writing is more difficult to produce than speech. It is creative and requires imagination to think out ideas and to match them appropriately with verbal expression. It involves many sub-skills such as writing, spelling correctly, using good expressions, constructing grammatically correct sentences and so on. In a commercial communication manager is responsible for a variety of written communication such as replies to clients, enquires, memos recording agreements, proposals for contracts, formal or informal reports to initiate action etc. So such a writer should be able to convey information, ideas, instructions, decisions, and welfare proposals in written form, in keeping with the level of the people who receive and read them. Even most of us learned spelling and grammar in school and brushed up on the rules occasionally in middle school or junior high. Once we entered college, it was assumed we knew and remembered all of the essentials and slowly we discovered that although there were some rules we just had to look up, we simply stopped worrying about the minor details. It’s time to relearn those minor details that can help you write, and read more effectively. But it’s hard to fix something unless you know how it works. Importance of Skills in Written Communication Effective writing does not exist by chance. It reSoft Skill and Personality Development

quires a set of skills to write simply, clearly, accurately and briefly. Many professionals or novice in professional world do not practice before writing, and their communication suffers. It is made evident by REC“The Recruitment and Employment Commission (RCE) says that around half of all CVs received by recruitment consultants contain spelling or grammatical errors. Candidate aged between 21 and 25 are most likely to make these mistakes as those who did not go on to university.”(2) Writing skills are as essential as the other skills that you; form your professional qualification and requirements. The skills required for general writing are the same as the required for business written communication. As a writer you will check the grammar, punctuation and spelling make your sentences and paragraphs effective; and follow the principles good writing -clarity, simplicity and directness of style. Writing is therefore more original, creative and formal than speech. It can be preserved as a record; writing is permanent and takes much careful thinking and longer time to write, by principle, written communication should be simple, clear and complete so that is the successful communication. The process of all writing aims at coherence which means unity of ideas, written communication involves expressing yourself clearly, using language with precision; constructing a logical argument; note taking, editing; and writing reports. Purpose of Writting The first task for writing effectively is to identify the purpose of the communication. There are mainly (42)

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two purposes of written communication –informative Written communication is one way – from the and persuasive. sender to the receiver. The receiver cannot immediInformative Writting ately clarify doubts or confusion in the case of an unWhen the writer seeks to give information and clear message. Therefore, our most pressing concern offers to explain it, the writing is called informative as writer is how to get our written communication right. writing. It is also called expository writing because it Language and Tone expounds or expresses ideas and facts. Standard English the most commonly used and The focus of informative writing is on the subaccepted words are those which constitute “standard” ject or the matter under discussion. Informative writEnglish, the language of the educated people. It is called ing is found in accounts of facts/ data, statistics, and “standard” because it follows the norms laid down by technical and business reports. the rules of grammar, punctuation, spelling, sentence Informative writing presents information not opinconstruction, paragraph forming etc. ions. It is, to inform (educate) and not persuade. It is, It is the language used in formal writing, such as therefore, written with maximum objectivity. book, newspapers, letters, memos, reports and many Persuasive Writting other forms of academic writing. Persuasive writing aims at convincing the reader Tone Having determined the purpose and audiabout a matter, which is debatable; it expresses opinence you are writing for, you have to choose the approion rather than facts. This is why the writing is also priate tone in terms c formality. called argumentative, for it supports and argues a cerTone refers to feelings created by words used to tain viewpoint or position. The matter has two or more communicate message. In a working environment, the sides to it. But the writer seeks to influence and contone of our writing basically depends on the relationvince the reader to accept the position put forth. ship between the writer and receiver the message. As Persuasive writing focuses on the reader. The discussed earlier, communications in an organization writer attempts to change the reader’s thinking it closer can be classified as upward, downward, or horizontal. to his own way of thinking. Persuasive writing is found It is the skill and competence of the writers to use the in opinion essays, editorials, and letters to the editors, tone according to the direction of communication deresearch proposals, religious books, reviews, or literatermined by the status of the reader. It is obvious that ture belonging to a certain political party or social phiwhile writing to our superiors our tone will be quite losophy. formal and to our peers, less formal or more informal. Persuasive writing does more than just state an Writting Style opinion. For that is not enough. The opinion must be There are various styles of writing. It depends upon convincing. There has to be supporting evidence or the writer how to present his ideas, feelings, and attifacts to back the (writer’s) opinion or point of view. tudes to the problems he has undertaken to explore. There are some other purposes of writing as folSix types of writing are generally followed: lows: A. Narrative writing – to relate or recount events i.e., 1. Express and support an opinion story element, drama, dialogue, fictional writing 2. Choose and defend a point of view B. Descriptive writing –to give an account or describe 3. Compare and contrast a topic an object process, situation, problem, etc. The Receiver C. Explanatory writing –to uncover details bringing The second task for effective writing is to recogout a composite picture of a situation or problem. nize the needs, expectations, fears, and attitudes of the D. Analytical writing –to make critical analysis of receiver and the reader of the written massage. the materials and the problem; to develop a particular (43) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

stand-point on a topic. E. Scientific and technical writing –to investigate hypothesis or theory, apply it, bring some conclusion, which can verify by other readers and writers. F. Journalistic writing –to present a quick write-up on day-to-day problems and events. Tips for Imporving Writting Skill The best way to improve your writing is to write continuously. Try writing practice pieces that you do not need to show anyone. As your confidence as a writer grows, you may feel happy to show your writing to others and, when you do, ask for their feedback and criticism. You can also use some following tips to improve your writing: I. Analyze the main purpose of your writing. II. Organize your ideas in points: use the ideas that you have write down on paper and organize them into a logical progression of ideas by using an outline. III. Manage your time for it: good writing requires that you prepare a first draft, then correct it and rewrite. IV. Use sentence structures and vocabulary you know to be correct: students are more likely to make grammatical mistakes if they write long, complex sentences. Keep the sentences and vocabulary in your essay simple and precise.


V. Don’t worry about spelling, punctuation, and grammar: incorrect spelling, punctuation and grammar will hurt your score if the errors make your writing difficult to understand. You should attempt to write your writing as correctly as possible, but don’t waste time worrying whether or not each sentence is grammatical or each word is spelled correctly. Such an approach blocks the flow of your thinking and ideas. VI. Don’t waste your time to worrying about whether other people will agree with your opinion. VII. Conclusion: don’t forget to give a conclusion to your writing. VIII. Recommendations- Try to include your recommendations in one paragraph along with the conclusion paragraph. The present study aims at showing that the ability to communicate information in a simple, concise, and accurate written form which reflects a writers professional competence. It is also stresses essentials of effective written communication –pre-writing planning; identification of purpose for writing, consideration of reader; choice of appropriate language and use of effective tone. References; 1) http://career.guardian.co.uk/cv-mistakes 2) Jacson /Yoder, “Critical Essays on Alexander Pope”, S.S.P.Ahmedabad, 1993.

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Impact of Telephonic Conversation on Confessional Poets & on People in general

Neelam Dasgupta Research Scholar, FET, H&M department Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad Introduction: After the invention of telephone in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell, this instrument which has been instrumental in connecting two or more people at a distance has created waves in the human societies. With the invention of the telephone people not in the vicinity of each other can be heard directly. Telephone since its invention has brought the writers and authors’ fraternity closer too. There have been instances of Sylvia Plath, Ted Hughes, Anne Sexton, Robert Lowell, Maxine Kumine stayed in close connection by exchanging their ideas and thoughts over telephone. In fact, it has been noticed that telephonic conversations had a special impact on the writers of ‘Confessional genre’ in 1950-77. The objective of this paper is to understand the impact of telephonic conversation on the piece of art produced by the writers of Modern era specifically on confessional poet Anne Sexton and on the people in general. Key Words: Communication, Conversation, barrier, transmission, exchange of ideas, Etiquette The Process of Communication: Telephonic conversation involves the process of communication to take place. The process states that to complete the process of communication there has to be a sender, who plans to draft a message using some language and communicate to the receiver at the other end who will generate a feedback for the message being communicated. The sender also chooses a medium of communication, for example a telephone to communicate. Communication deals with the exchange of ideas, thoughts and expressions, passing on of some Soft Skill and Personality Development

information, making an enquiry or simply connecting with people who are fond of each other or for people who desire to connect for various reasons be it professional or personal. The process of communication gives a great emphasis on the aspect that the message or information is interpreted, grasped and decoded with correct intensity and impact so as to generate correct and bias free feedback. Achieving the purpose of communication becomes difficult when the people involved in the process of communication are geographically distant and not in near vicinity. Telephonic conversation is the best example to study how successful the process of communication becomes when done using a telephone. Telephonic conversation is one of the best examples of the process of communication as it has a sender at one end of the connection and the receiver at the other end. There could be barriers like noise while talking over the telephone and these barriers may hamper the process from large to little extent depending on the sound system and technology utilized. Sometimes the voice of the sender of the message is not clear or audible enough and thus the feedback generated by the receiver gets affected and results in dissatisfaction in fulfilling of the purpose of communication. The purpose may be partially or completely unfulfilled. Barriers in communication Various factors act as barriers in the process of communication to take place successfully. The most common ones during telephonic conversation are i. Technical ii. Psychological iii. External such as noise (45)

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iv. Semantic which is designated to it. Everything has a manner in v. Faulty pronunciation which it has to be completed. Similarly, there are codes Technical barriers while using a telephone could and conducts to be followed while speaking to somebe explained as the disturbance caused by the faulty one over phone. There are certain dos and don’ts which technology. It is common when the technology becomes if observed by the sender and receiver the communiobsolete and gives poor results. In countries with adcation is positive and fruitful. vanced economies these matters can be ruled out but To make an effective telephonic conversation it is they are a common cause and threats and act as barrivery essential for the user to know his handset/ instruers in the free flowing communication process in the ment which is being used while communication. Somedeveloping economies. If the transmitters catching the times lack of knowledge regarding the facilities the insound waves used for the instrument are not effective strument can provide may bring a gap in conversation. or error free than the process is bound to be affected. The hand set must be held properly so as the mouth Psychological barrier is when either the speaker piece takes the right place and the voice reaches clearly. or the receiver is involved in the process of communiIn case the sender of the message is unaware of the cation in a half hearted manner, with a closed mind facilities provided by the telephone instrument he is set. If either one is resisting the exchange of thoughts, using there will be errors and lot of mistakes which ideas or information than practically that will act as would affect the communication. It is essential for the the barrier and hence will have poor results. speaker to speak politely and in a pleasing voice. The External factors could either be related to the techsender’s voice must not be too harsh that it hurts the nological reasons or due to other physical aspects. Such receiver’s ears. It must have the 7C’s of the communias weather conditions, too much of vehicular traffic, cation that is, clarity, completeness, conciseness, conoisy surroundings due to any reasons etc. hesiveness, convincing, Considerate and courteous. Semantic barriers include choice of incorrect and inefOnce the sender integrates the above said elements the fective words while communication, faulty tone and conversation would be impactful and fruitful. The intonation which might change the contention of the speaker must always give chance to the listener to speak whole communication. Faulty pitch may also result in as well. It must be a two way communication. As telebarrier of this kind as while on a telephonic call things phonic conversation does not have the two parties enlike tone, intonation, rise and fall of the voice is of gaged in a face to face communication so it becomes great importance as it communicates the meaning and all the more important to see that the speaker keeps the intent of the conversation. right intonation and pitch and tone while speaking. Faulty pronunciation of the words a very common While engaged in a face-face communication the eye barrier arises when the speaker or the listener does not movements, body language and expressions of the possess sound knowledge regarding the right pronunspeaker too plays a very important role and it is quite a ciation of the words spoken. This could be the result determiner and gives a particular direction to the conof the cultural reasons or because of the influence of versation. But while on a telephonic conversation it is various dialects used in the language globally. It has the tone, intonation of voice and the pitch which debeen noticed that people follow the popular pronuncides the direction of the conversation. ciation these days and the concern to speak any word Impact of Telephone on the Poetry of Confessional correctly is getting lost slowly. Poet Anne Sexton Suggestions to Avoid Pitfalls of Telephonic ConverAnne Sexton was born on November 9, 1928 in sation Newton, Massachusetts, USA. She belonged to a rich Every action has to be completed in a manner well to do family of Massachusetts. Anne Sexton started (46) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

writing poetry when she was nine years old. After a cal verse. By the summer of 1958, she could get her gap of few years, on the suggestion of her psychiatrist poems published in national journals as Harpers, The she started writing poetry frequently as a part of her New Yorker and Christian Science Monitor. therapy. She started pouring her deepest and the inAlthough, Diana Middlebrook in her book ‘Anne most feeling in the form of poetry and this was the Sexton- A Biography’ has not touched upon in detail reason that she was categorized in the genre of confesabout the role of telephone in the making of the poet, it sional poets. becomes quite distinct that the role of telephone must There have been many instances quoted in Anne have been quite healthy and strong one on the poets of Sexton’s biography written by Diana Middlebrook and the modern era. It was a new medium which gave them the collection of her letters- ‘A self-portrait in Letters’ the liberty to discuss their thoughts and ideas with compiled by Linda Sexton and Lois Ames that Anne someone they were comfortable with. It helped them Sexton used the telephone while writing her poetry to to raise an opinion about their work before actually discuss them at length with her closest friend Maxine drafting it and sending their work for publication. It is Kumin. They both would narrate each other’s work noteworthy that in no other biography there’s a menusing the telephone and would discuss each and every tion of telephonic conversation of one author with anaspect of it in detail before finalizing the draft. Maxine, other as in case of Anne Sexton. Similar to the impact a Radcliff graduate, possessed a technical expertise and of the invention of the printing press in the Elizabean analytical detachment that matched Anne’s mercuthan era, telephone brought revolutionary changes in rial brilliance. As the years went by Maxine and Anne the society of the modern age. The impact was well communicated with each other daily either on telephone written on all segments of the society. or through letters if they were in different countries. Conclusion As Sexton’s closest friend, Kumin sat on the other end Telephonic conversation has definitely given new of the telephone wire writing poems in silence as Sexdimensions to the art of communication among variton wrote hers. They whistled when either wanted to ous segments of the society. It has acted as the potentry out a line. Kumin was later to argue that writing tial source of influence on people. As it connected poetry enabled Sexton to endure her illness and extend people, it brought them closer, it gave them a chance her life for as long as she did. As years passed by Anne to be more expressive in a more effective manner. and Kumin communicated daily through letters if they It has given birth to new lingua among the genwere separated by oceans otherwise on telephone. They eration next. With the advancement of technology and supervised each other’s poetry and prose working on advanced telephones there is a discovery of all new them line by line for hours. They discussed husband, faces of communication such as social groups etc. It friends, love and enemies. They worried about their has added the ‘feel-good-factor’ amongst the users. The children and their publications. They borrowed each new short messaging services on one’s phone has made other’s clothes and criticized each other’s writings. the accessibility much more and instant. The service is Anne banked heavily on Maxine Kumin and her opinused for many purposes from raising referendum to ions. polling in election or for social agendas. Our society is From the start, it was clear to Orne Sexton’s psymuch more aware and conscious regarding his surchiatrist, that she was unable to remember much from roundings and rights and duties. Telephone SMS serone session to the next. Over the next eight years, Orne vices has added humor and light moments in the lives offered supportive encouragement for Sexton’s emerof people too. Telephone conversation has become an gence as a major poet. Sexton quickly found a recepimportant part of people’s life. tive audience for her distinctive style of autobiographi(47) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

15

Interview Tips and Techniques

Deshmukh Deepakkumar P. T. Ph.D. Student. Research Centre: M.G.M., Ahemadpur. Job Interview is a kind of face to face communication to know each other, an employer and employees. It may come in a variety of formats: Competence interviews, Telephonic interviews, Panel interviews, Technical interviews and Strengths interviews. Whatever may the form, normally it begins with an advertisement either in a newspaper or on website. The application is sent as a response with the curriculum vitae and the necessary attachments: Documents, Certificates, Testimonials, etc. The first identity we format is through our BioData. They are sorted and shortlisted. If it befits the purpose, an invitation for the interview is sent. It is a positive sign that the candidate deserves to be assessed. Here begins the most crucial stage for an interviewee as it is a chance and opportunity to win the job in a competitive world of today’s. You will be one of many candidates vying for the position. Therefore, you need to thoroughly prepare and get ready for the event. Getting through it is a huge achievement. It means you have convinced the recruiters for his capability of doing the good job. Once you receive the Call letter, you need to know what kind of interview it is to prepare yourself accordingly. Researching the employer is very essential. Visit and look on the organisation’s website for details. It can provide you the fair idea of their requirement. Generally the recruiters want to know what unique skills you possess and the interests you’ve developed during your degree education. Consider your work experience and the skills and how they relate to the job. Enlist your achievements and activities and present them in a sequential order. Make notes on your contribution. It Soft Skill and Personality Development

may sound very petty to do so, but don’t forget the biggest ever issue is “Know Thyself.” You can practice a mock interview or practice any test that might be part of the interview. It will boost your confidence reducing the gaps. You need to review your CV and think of a few examples and skills in particular to highlight for the particular job. Usually interviewers expect you to show a keen interest in their organisation. In this regard the search already done to question about the employer and the job itself may come to your aid. Remember the first impression is the last impression. Plan your interview in full detail. It will help you relax and stay off the anxiety. Dress moderately, and wisely. Avoid heavy make-up and strong perfume and jewellery. plan how to reach the venue. Get ready a fresh copy of your CV and organise the supporting documents you are taking with you. Enlist the key attributes for your desired job. Try writing sample interview questions likely to be asked. Prepare answers to them based on specific details from your work experience. Practice answering them so that you get fully familiar with them. Finally rehearse the key points. It is but natural to be nervous facing an interview. Stress can really be beneficial. It helps you perform under pressure. However, if it becomes overwhelming, it can impair your communication during an interview. It can disrupt your capacity to think. It is easily revealed through nonverbal signals. So learn to keep them in check. It will help you not reveal the pressure. But think about the phobia if it is in excess before the day, so that you have chance to find a way to overcome them the best you can. It’s fine to pause before respond(48)

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ing to questions to gather your thoughts, and if you’re unsure about a question it’s also fine to ask for clarification. Throughout the interview you should be professional. Learning from the experience is must. Feedback from unsuccessful interviews can be invaluable however; you need not be too disappointed. There are many questions that are of common type. The interviewee should be prepared for them. Response to the Introduction oriented question ought not to be very informal. Neither should you simply run through the CV. Your focus must be on professional life. You need to present your purpose in a noble manner taking care that it will not sound hyperbolic. Regarding your weakness you cannot simply be negative. Choose it meticulously so that it will appear minor, and do not forget to mention your endeavour to overcome them. Present your achievement that gives you an edge over other applicants. Simply do not enumerate the basic requirements of the job. A good academic background is undoubtedly necessary, but self-confidence is must. It is not just a test of knowledge, but of attitude and approach. An interviewer must brush up his subject knowledge and update the recent happenings in the field. He should not boast his achievements. Nor should he criticise the


former organization, boss and colleagues. He should give his opinion and suggestion politely and only when it is asked for. Maintaining eye contact and positive body language has an extra impression. In fact there is no all time hit formula in this regard. Your responses also cannot be categorised as complete right and wrong. However, interviewing is a skill and with the right tips and techniques, you can become a master at it. Remember practice here also remains the key. Therefore, interview for as many jobs as you can. The better prepared you are, the more relaxed and comfortable you will be. As a result you’ll come to know about new trends, positions, and opportunities. Your perspective may improve, and you’ll find new paths previously unaware of. It will leave you more mature, stronger and successful. Sources and References 1) Bhagat, Madhukar Kumar, Civil Services Interview: How to Excel for UPSC and State PSCs, Tata McGraw - Hill Education. New Delhi. 2013. 2) Neogy, Jayant, Sure Success in Interviews, Unicorn Books, New Delhi. 2002. 3) Hari Mohan Prasad and Rajnish, Mohan How to Prepare for GD and Interview, Tata McGraw - Hill Education. New Delhi. 2012. 4) http://jobsearch.about.com/od/interviews/qt/ interviewtiptechnique.htm

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16

The Soft Skills and English Language

Suresh B. Deshmukh Head, Dept. of English, Majalgaon Arts, Sci. & Comm.College, Majalgaon Due to globalization and new technology, the world has got converted into a small hamlet. Today, every individual life has been affected by the same. In view of the tremendous increase in trade, travel, tourism, etc. at international level, one must have good temperament and skills as regards English language. Hence, it is a huge responsibility of the academy to think seriously about the policy of education. In fact, the policy has been changing in education sector and the academicians introduce the life skills and communicationoriented courses and subjects in colleges and universities. The umbilical-cord of soft skills is the language, especially English language in Indian context. So, my paper deals with the pivotal role of English language in the development of soft skills. Before proceeding further, a glance at the definition of Soft Skills as given by the web would help: Soft skills is a term often associated with a person’s ”EQ” (Emotional Intelligence Quotient), the cluster of personality traits, social graces, communication, language, personal habits, friendliness, and optimism that characterize relationships with other people. (Web. 06 January 13) The above definition makes it clear that it comprises the important aspects of human being. The more important aspect is the language in general and English language, in Indian milieu, in particular. So far as language is concerned, it plays a fundamental role in the development of soft skills. Therefore, one has to think seriously about the facet of language. The linguists define language as ‘a system of communication’. The web defines it as: The human capacity for acquiring and using comSoft Skill and Personality Development

plex systems of communication, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The aim of language is communication but this communication is based on the system of language we use. Hence, the system of language is much more important in regard with soft skills in any situation. The science of language uses two linguistic terms i.e. Langue (Language) and Parole (speech). For the development of soft skills, the parole or speech happens to be an important feature. Whenever it is a matter of practical use of language, the system has to be used in an appropriate manner. The major components of the system of language are pronunciation (the way a word or a language is spoken), tone (the use of pitch in language) and intonation (variation of spoken pitch). Before commenting on the aforementioned components of English language and their significance, I would like to fetch your attention towards the policy of the British. Introducing English in India as a means of domination and control, they sustained it. Here are some lines of the famous Minute of Thomas Macaulay: It is impossible for us, without our limited means, to attempt to educate the body of the people. We must at present do our best to form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern; a class of persons, Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals, and in intellect. To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country, to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature, and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the population. (375) (50)

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The quote gives enough clarification that the aim nunciation. Obviously, it is not easy to gain mastery on of introducing English for a limited purpose, i.e. to form the exact tone and intonation of English like the Brita class of clerks and mediators between the British Inish do. But one could be optimistic about using British’s dians. Again the very interesting fact is that the British tone and intonation of English language. were not interested to teach us their language but were Technically as well as literarily speaking, these more interested in implementing their culture, customs two Indian and British cats have been fighting over the and tradition for having authority on us through teachissue but at the same time the American Monkey seems ing English Literature. My main point of view is that to be availing itself of the opportunity. I mean to say one should concentrate on the development of English that American English has been used in technological language skills rather than on literature. Hence, there sectors like computer, cell-phone, i-pad, and so on. I are many changes in the English academy for giving come to a point that the Indian education system has importance to English language in the form of English been using British English almost at all levels. Then medium schools and language departments in the uniwhy should not we follow the same? It is quite arguversities. mentative. If one has the mastery over the same, he/ Taking the above view in consideration, one has she can learn other accents as well. to be serious about the system of language; then and Practically speaking, the BBC Pronunciation can then only one can improve communication to enrich be followed but when it is a matter of tone and intonathe soft skills. However, the way we use the language tion, it is really a herculean task to follow. It needs a is always vital for our soft skills. There are many varialot of practice and surrounding of the native speakers. tions about the same language. For instance, Marathi My presentation may raise some doubts and questions language has many variations i.e. the way of using the but one should give it a think. It is said that practice language: I mean the vernacular of Pune is different makes man perfect. So, one should keep trying nice from that of Vidarbha and Marathawada (Marathi). In things all the time as it is important to be nice. Hence, such a situation, one has to use standard Marathi at the way of speaking language is the soul of soft skills. work place. It is the same case with English as well. Works Cited: Besides, there is the impact of regional language on Macaulay, Thomas. “Minute on Indian Education”. In using another’s language. In fact, the English language Bill Ashcroft, et al, eds. The Post-Colonial Studies used by us has the impact of regional language, called Reader. Routledge: London, 1995. Print. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_skills 06 January 13 MTI (mother tongue influence). It is quite dodgy for http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronunciation 06 January the soft skills. Hence, the academy prefers the Stan13 dard English language. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_%28linguistics%29 Whatsoever, it is again a riddle: what kind of Stan06 January 13 dard English language? using British, American or Inhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ dian. Of course, all these issues are related to the proIntonation_%28linguistics%29 06 January 13 tp://ttp:/ nunciation, tone, and intonation of English lan/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_%28linguistics%29:// guage. There is much debate in the academic circle en.wikipedia.org/wikihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proabout using pronunciation of English language. Some nunciation/Tone_%28linguistics%29 would argue about Indian pronunciation and some others would prefer Received Pronunciation ([RP] British), called BBC Pronunciation now. This battle is going on and on. Many scholars are interested in Indianization of English and others favor the BBC Pro(51) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

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Soft Skills and Personality Development of Students and responsibility of Teachers in Higher Education” An Analytical Study

Gyanendra M. Fulzalke Assistant Professor Shri Shivaji Law College, Parbhani. “I came to learn, but they teach me”. J.B. Show 1. Introduction: Skills play a very important role in the development of personality. Skill is a reflection of inner conscious of Human being. As there is a development in the arena of languages mere use of language is not sufficient but it requires some thing more. The students must be given formal education of soft skills and personality development, in modern sense the students not only requires formal education but also they need of good personality. Today’s era is competitive era hence the students become the products. It is the duty of teaches to implant various soft skills in their students. While imparting the higher education the personality of student should be sin qua non. The students without good personality are facing plethora of problems in their day to life. The teachers particularly shall play a sea anchor role in this area. 2. Higher Education and Soft skills: The basic object of Higher education is to enhance the critical and analytical skills in students. No doubt skills are developed at initial level of formal education; the responsibility of Higher education is much more than current scenario. It is the duty of mechanism of Higher education to advance the soft skills in the students. Soft skills are personal attributes that enhance an individual interaction, job performance and career advancement. Unlike hard skills which are about the persons skill set and ability to perform a certain type of task or activity, soft skills relate to a persons ability to interact effectively with coworkers and customers and are broadly applicable both in and outside the workplace1 .). Thus soft skills are very important Soft Skill and Personality Development

in individual’s life, without these skills there is no use of formal education. The students must have habitual control over these skills. 3. Responsibility of teachers: It is said that “a good Teacher teaches, an average teacher demonstrates but the best teacher inspires”. The teachers from every faculty must have through knowledge of soft skills so that they will impart this in to their students. The present scenario in higher education is not satisfactory. Apart from teachers responsibility the students must be aware about the soft skills and personality development because they are answerable to world at large. The students must develop the sense of curiosity to learn more than classroom teaching. If the students are alert about their rights and ready to follow each and every direction of their teachers it is not a superhuman task to development of soft skills in cutting crop of higher education. 4. The best teacher shall develop following soft skills in students: We are living in 21st centaury the concept of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization changed the traditional methods of working so our educational system shall cope with these changes. These corporate sector companies are hiring or recruiting the candidates who are well versed in soft skills. At entry level itself candidates personality and soft skills are checked, our students must have through knowledge about it. As the role of teacher is changed in modern scenario, today the teacher will just show the road and the students shall travel at their own. The teacher shall inspire the students to do certain thing and he shall be (52)

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neutral while examining the outcome of student’s efforts. Originality of student must be accepted and accordingly the teacher shall transform them into better conditions. Soft skills and good personality is very much necessary, because most of students are not able to give their hundred percentages while performing their duties in private sector. The teacher shall incorporate essential soft skills and tips for better personality by developing following characteristics in Higher education students. 1. Excellent Communication skills: There is mushroom growth in industrial sector and hence the concept of employee changed. The traditional sector requires only technical skills e.g. typing speed, Knowledge of Computer etc. this qualifications are mandatory. The modern staff must be well versed with excellent communication skill. Most of the companies want their staff multi lingual; as today’s commerce has no boundaries the employees may be appointed in any country so they must cope up with languages and manners of work. 2. Decision making power: Time is money for corporate sector; it requires such candidates who can take quick decisions. Some times there is no much time to think but decision is necessary so the teacher shall develop decision making ability in students so they can grab the positions of professionals in various sector of life. 3. Time Management: A wise man will not consume its time in decision making hence, the teacher shall develop a skill in student to work on a particular subject and certain work shall be completed within time specified. This is very important skill which shall be developing intentionally. 4. Responsibility: This is very important soft skill the student must have capability to undergo the responsibility. The responsible person can create long-lasting impression on any one hence the teacher shall demonstrates student as responsible citizen of india. Soft Skill and Personality Development

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Creative and problem solving skills: The new era jobs and employment is based on creativity and problem solving skills .e.g. animation, customer care centers etc. these kinds of new challenges must be taken by students. Some problem requires high creativity hence the student who is going to pass from higher education must have these soft skills. 6. Leadership Qualities: If the leadership of country is visionary than definitely that nation will progress and develop. It is the duty of teachers to inculcate soft skill in the form of leadership in the higher education students. These qualities can be developed by encouraging students in college activities and give a reasonable chance to lead his/ her team. 7. Positive Attitude: This is very important soft skill because attitude plays very important role in individual’s life. Positive attitude personas are self motivated persons and they use to encourage others and in this way a healthy environment is develop and for proper progress and development of Nation. 8. Self confidence: The result of any thing depends on level of confidence in team, if the members of team are self confident then successes is not a superhuman task. The teacher shall encourage their students for extra circular events through confidence of student are increases. 9. Ability to accept and learn from Criticism: Criticism is the reality of world, the people use to criticize every body it depends on person how to face such criticism. The students must get training to accept the criticism and it is genuine then the students shall transform themselves. It criticism is taken positively then it is great chance to develop better personality. 10. Flexibility: Some times it is highly impossible to mold the conditions in life flexible person mold himself according to the conditions. This kind of flexibility is a great soft skill through which a person achieves successes in life. (53) ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

tion Teachers regarding Soft Sills and personality De11. Honesty: “Honest is the best policy”. The students must be velopment programs. 6. Conclusion: taught regarding how to be honest in life. What ever Due to the rapid growth of science and technolmaybe the field the person must have honesty. There ogy expectations from students are increased. The stushould be a faith on own work, through this quality the dents are acquiring technical education and there is person can get successes in e very field of life. drastic enhancement in the Higher Education. But mere 5. Life Skills and Personality Development: acquiring orthodox education is not sufficient soft skills Apart from the soft skills in students life skills are must as a habitual part of student’s life. There is a comalso need of time Life skills means skills which are plete elimination of traditional educational system, the required to life human life satisfactorily, according to teacher’s responsibility has increased and the faculties the World Health Organization are abilities of indimust cope up with this change. Soft skills, Life skills vidual to adapt and develop positive behavior that and personality development are key factors of student empower them to manage challenges in their day to life. The responsibility of higher education is increasday life. Life skills are capabilities that help individual ing day by day. If we ant make India as superpower strengthen themselves against the realities of life. Life then the leaders of tomorrow must be well versed with skills are important as they enable individuals to think life and soft skills. rationally and take positive actions to ensure the per1 www.wikipedia .org sonal well being and productive social relationships. 2 www.google.com There is on definitive list of life skills certain skills may be more or less relevant to you depending on your life circumstances, your culture, beliefs, age, and geographic location. Life skills are not always taught directly but often indirectly through experience and practice. They are human skills acquired via teaching or direct experience they are used to handle the problems and questions commonly encountered in daily life2 . 1. Setting Goals: 2. Refusal Skills: 3. Ability to Learn 4. Respect for self and others 5. Echo-friendly behavior 6. Suggestions: 1. Soft Sills and personality Development Programmes must be included in the syllabus of every branch of Higher education. 2. Every college must appoint a independent teacher for Soft Sills and personality Development. 3. It should be make compulsory to learn Soft Sills and personality Development. 4. College level workshops must be conducted to aware students. 5. There should be proper training to Higher educa(54) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

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‘Mass Media and Personality Development’

Bharat R.Gugane Asst Professor in English, Bhonsala Military College, Rambhoomi,Nashik “The media is the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and make the guilty innocent, and that is the power. Because they control the minds of the masses.” Malcolm X Above statement of African –American human activist about the place of media in society is evident in shaping the mindsets of the people. Media can do anything; it has the power of generation and of destruction. Media controls the minds of the masses. It’s on the media what type of people live in the country. The tastes of the people are also controlled by the media. The taste of the people also determines what type of media they ought. Long back made above statement has got huge relevance to the present world political as well as cultural crisis. We have seen the tumultuous revolution in west Asia. Social media is the carrier of revolutionary thoughts among people. US, big media giant are no exception to this. Edward Snowden’s recent revelations about the spying of US government into the lives of millions created much uproar. The disclosure of truth is only because of media. We are experiencing revolution like situation in our country. Big scams and scandals of powerful people are being disclosed by media. The role of Media is not limited to provide news and create awareness among people. It is working as a major positive driving force among the masses. Common people are finding their much awaited unresolved expectations through media. Anna Hazare’s successful agitation against government is one example where media played huge role. A couple of years ago, we have seen impatience and Soft Skill and Personality Development

avarice of certain media houses in Mumbai Terrorist attack. The irresponsible coverage provided readymade inputs to the terrorist masterminds. The same media has shown patience and decency in Delhi gang rape case a year ago. The huge success of AAP in Delhi Legislative Assembly Election was tailored and marketed by media. The scope and coverage given by media to the AAP activities wiped 125 years old political party in a maiden stroke. On the other hand projection and glorification of immoral things by media is a debatable issue. The rat race of getting and telecasting exclusive sensational and irrelevant stuffs is a matter of concern. In order to gain viewers support and TRP, some media persons are forgetting their real job. Once The idol of journalism for million new entrants turned a matter of hatred and humiliation in one day is a serious thing. The folks working in such an alluring field must not forget their moral responsibilities. They have to work for the well being of the society. They have to shoulder the responsibility of shaping future generation personalities. There is a close relation between character moulding of a person and media. In one or other way media influences the personality of a person. Growing popularity and pervasiveness of media is responsible for the way in which people are living and reacting. Earlier the impact of media was limited to literate ones. Now, the illiterate ones also enjoy the pleasure of entertainment through media. Technological advancement provided a big platform for such people to take advantage of media. It is imperative to analyse the concepts related to the topic. In general, the mass media reaches a large (55)

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audience using different kinds of communication methmost common and easily accessible to everyone. ods like print, electronic and social media. Mass meTelevision is the form of media that has the greatdia is the collective media technologies that intent to est influence, reaching a wide variety of age ranges reach a large audience. Media reaches to us through and interests. We completely rely on television as a many different technologies, such as the internet, telenews resource and for entertainment. Everyone get of vision, mobiles, telemarketing, movies, newspapers, his own interest on TV. The programmes are categoribooks, magazines, reports, surveys, advertisements, cally made for specific audience. A huge number of video games and social media. channels are devoted to different kinds of genres. Some On the other hand personality of a person consists are for, for elders and younger ones, for men and women of so many factors. There are many factors which inand for adolescent and children. fluences the behaviour of the person. There are inherMass media plays an important role to shaping ent natural, genetic, and environmental factors that the personality of a person right from his childhood. I cause the progress of personality. Personality has been think, TV plays a huge part in the development of chilconcerned as a deciding factor determining the life dren, especially during early childhood. Children watch course of a person. There are many definitions which and understand television in their own ways, based will give us an idea about personality. Woodworth deupon the observation and their own life experiences. fined personality as the, “quality of the individual’s Infants can pay attention for short periods of time; howtotal behaviour.” According to Dashiell, personality is, ever they don’t understand much of the program con“the total picture of organised behaviour.” Another tent. They only absorb colours and sounds. Toddlers researcher Munn says, personality is, “the most chartake more interest in the television programs. acteristic integration of an individual’s structures and The habits that they develop at this stage can imactivities.” pact their viewing habits for the rest of childhood and All the above definitions focused overt aspects of in rest of life. At the age of KG stage, children are in personality, what others perceive about, or how a perposition to make likes and dislikes, and can understand son thinks and behaves psychologically and whether programme content. At this stage of development, they all are manifested through his speech and behaviour. understand and pick up violent situations from various Most widely accepted definition is given by Gordon cartoon and other programmes. The violence shown W. Allport, in which he says personality “is the dyby children seems to be funny and well organised, but namic organization within the individual of those it greatly affects children’s future behaviour. Children psycho-physical systems that determines his characof this age may react and behave violently after seeing teristic behaviour and thought.” high end sensational games and cartoon shows. The above definition clearly indicates motivation In this way, early exposure to the media can disis the deciding factor of personality. The personality is tort the minds of young ones. This can lead to the difthe dynamic organization means it is changing coherferent problems in the society. There are number of ent behavioural pattern of a person. Personality changes examples of crime in which children are involved. The according to the inputs that a person gets from concrimes in children involved are ranging from non-cogtemporary milieu. The present age is an age of comnizable offences to serious murder, rape, extortion, kidmunication and information. A huge clusters of infornapping, and so on. The growing tendency of doing mation is flowing through different forms of commusomething different among children is a serious issue. nication i.e. media. I feel media is the important motiActive participation in rave parties by minor ones is of vation for a person that determines his personality and great concern. The hammering of various illusory and his future. There are many forms of media. TV is a larger than life images through media especially from (56) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

TV serials and from movies is instigating young generation to follow them without understanding reality behind it. My insistence will be upon using media in its limitations. We cannot deny the benefits of communication in the present situations. Media has transformed our lives in a big way. Media has provided a big platform of knowledge and information to the commons. The most wonderful invention of our times is the emergence of internet. At present we can’t imagine life without internet. This astonishing way of communication has transformed everything Due to the availability and easy access to the resources created awareness and self confidence among several ones. The access to useful information through the different forms of media enabled us to carry out difficult tasks right from our own houses. We can carry out financial transactions to meet our requirements at a click. We remain in constant touch with our friend and relatives through social media. We cannot stop the influence of such a big force right now. However, we may put some voluntary constraints. We certainly should use mass media for the betterment of human race. It is depended upon the user how he uses it? We have much to say about the benefits of mass media. We can use it for wellbeing and for comfort and the same can be used for destruction and discomfort. I found relevance of the lines by Famous British poet John Milton to conclude this paper, where he says, “The mind is its own place, and in itself can make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven.” Bibliography: 1) Barker, Allen. Improve Your Communication Skills. London: Koganpage, 2010 2) Curran, J, Gurevitch, M., Woolacott,J. Mass Communication and Society. Sage Publication, Inc.1979 3) Hurlock, Elizabeth B .Personality Development. New Delhi:Tata McGraw-Hill, 1996 4) Milton, John. Paradise Lost. New York: Dover Publications, 2005 (57) Soft Skill and Personality Development

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“Mass Med”StudyMode.com,.022012.Web.http:// www.studymode.com/essays/Mass-Media913593.html> Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki / Mass media Retrieved fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki / personality

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Role of Mass Media in Personality Development

Hapgunde Tukaram R. Asst. Professor in English, Adarsh College, Hingoli delve into the role and issues related to its application as a teaching-learning tool in the present education system. It is interesting to note the observation of Qasseemudin Haider who maintains that “Media eliminates the problems of distance and carries education to the doorsteps of the learners. Blend of media gives maximum benefits to the students”. 2 Personality development is a hallmark of today’s scenario. It is a science that deals with shaping attitude, emotional intelligence, behavioral pattern, good manners and positive habits. It discusses how to discover individual potential and brush it up and present oneself to the people around us. It teaches on how to discover one’s personality i.e. the innate qualities and traits that define a particular character; how to groom and galvanize oneself; how to cultivate oneself as an ideal human being and successful professional by incorporating positive traits and expurgating the individual personality from negative attributes. It deals with how to shape individual with positive and desirable human qualities like self-respect, inner-motivation, self-confidence, good spirit, spirit de corps, patience, leadership, social skills, assiduousness, knowledge, communication skills, honesty, empathy, positive attitude, love for all, considerate disposition, morale and so on. It guides students on how to conduct oneself with others at home as well as in a professional workplace. It also includes expurgating individual of the negative traits like ego, negative attitude, indulgency,

The present paper explores the role of mass-media in developing the personality of the degree students. Mass-media the watchword of the new-age is an umbrella term describing all kinds of means that play a very significant role in establishing strong public relations. It includes traditional media as well as modern media like Newspapers, Television, Radio, Magazines, best-sellers, self-help books, mobile, Internet and so on. In recent times, the role played by mass-media in the modern man’s life is of permanent importance. Along with forming public opinion, it creates mass awareness regarding socio-economical, political, cultural, problems and informs government’s laws, schemes and policies to the citizen of the country. It also plays a very crucial role as a potential educational tool. Nowadays, it has acquired a special role as teaching-learning aids with all its merits like a 24x7 accesses, universality, user-friendly wide coverage, audio-visual element, standard informative content, quality retention. It also saves time, money, energy thereby emerging as learner-friendly teaching-learning aids. Today, educationist and policy-planners are recognizing its educational utility. They are one with N. Kaur and J. Singh who believe that “The 21st century desktop multimedia applications will considerably enhance the user’s pleasure, productivity and knowledge base by providing the capability to access, retrieve, use and exchange information from a variety of domestic and international sources.” 1 So, there is a great scope to Soft Skill and Personality Development

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anger, suspicion, ignorance, immorality, etc. Mass-media is a rich reservoir of such a great information on personality development best sellers like ‘You Can Win’ (Shive Khera), ‘Live With Honor’ (Shiv Khera), ‘Seven Habits of Highly Effective People’ (Stephen Covey), ‘Rich Dad and Poor Dad’ (Robert T.Kiyosaki), ‘Think and Grow Rich’ (Nepolean Hill), ‘Alchemist’ (Paulo Coelho), ‘The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari’ (Robin S.Sharma), guide the reader on a number of issues like personality development, basic mannerism and soft skills like time management, character building, motivation, communication skills. They also improve the reading skills of the reader. Internet, the wonder of the modern age, is also a great tool where almost everything under the sun is available at a fingertip. What Qaseemuddin Haider maintains about computer is quite true. He maintains “Computer as a tool is available to improve the process of teaching and learning computer provides personalized education service to learners’’.3 Right from programming

of knowledge regarding general knowledge and current vocabulary thereby boosting reader’s confidence. It is especially useful in promoting pronunciation by providing English listening stuff. Television is perhaps the most important of all Medias, as it has audio-video element. Television with it’s a number of channels like HBO, BBC, STARWORLD, ZEE NEWS, NDTV provide exposure to standards of modern lifestyle. It is interesting to note the observations of Qaiser Zoha Alam in this respect “Students should be encouraged to listen to the B.B.C., broadcasts, see good English Films, Study Specimens, e.g. newspapers.”4 It is a rich store house of general information and current affairs. It can provide a world-class exposure and access to the spoken English in practical form. It also provides quality guidance on how to employ individual body language, in our social and official life. It also presents the live application of soft skills and body language through video movies and serials. It also provides guidance on various socio, economic, political, cultural and technological current affairs through special programmers. What is special about the television is its audio-visual appeal that helps to strong retention and understanding. Television with its serials, special programs and movies provides the students with the essentials of personality development and key aspects of social interactions like good manners, etiquettes, body language, telephonic conversation, with the right kind of practical demonstrations. For example, movie like ‘Nayak’ is very helpful in providing a better idea of how to maintain a positive and professional image. In short, visual media like television helps students to understand and learn about different aspects of body language, communication skills,

individuals mind with positive auto-suggestions to loving a beloved is taught on the internet through it’s a number of websites and blogs. A sea of worldly wisdom is available on the internet. So, a man can emerge as a winner just being with the internet. One can have almost everything by entering with key words on the internet. English Newspapers can play a great role in furnishing the reader with the current English vocabulary. The newspapers like the Hindu are rightly regarded the Bible of English fluency. A learner can learn a lot of important things about the LSRW skills. They provide the learner with the kind of regular vocabulary which is very important in building English fluency. Like the internet and best-selling self-help books, newspapers add to the general awareness of the learner thereby boosting their confidence level. Radio, one of the most widely available media, is also a great source Soft Skill and Personality Development

manners, etiquette, etc. Mobile does play a very crucial role in developing student’s personality. Modern technological inno(59)

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vation like smart phones and androids are perhaps the most comprehensive learning tools promoting and facilitating productive and quality grooming of personality as they bear audio-visual element. By proper utilization of mobiles, one can learn thousands of things that go into making the professional personality. One can also use mobile for developing their voice and pronunciation by using mobile’s recording and voice producing facility. It can also provide students with ample of English listening practice and quality material adding special sparks to users personality. However, right approach, learning attitude, careful observation and practice are some of the key points that are to be imbibed by the perspective learner. In short, mass-media is a virtual teacher in today’s changing scenario that plays a great role in developing the student’s soft skills, mannerism, behavioral competency and personality.


Reference 1) Information Technology in Higher Education, Association of Indian Universities, New Delhi, 2000, (Selections from University News-5), P.50 2) Ibid, P.68 3) Ibid 4) Alam, Qaiser Zoha, English Language Teaching in India (Problems and Issues), Atlantic Publications, New Delhi, 1995, P.20 5) Gaur, Sanjay, Mantras for personality Development, YKing Books, Jaipur, 2010 6) Dcruze, Teresa Goresa, Essentials of Personality Development, Aadi Publications, Jaipur, 2011 7) Dcruze, Teresa Gomes, Body Language and Communication Skills, Aadi Publications, Jaipur, 2011 8) Roy, Devashish, Developing Communication Skills, Mark Publishers, Jaipur, 2009 9) Simon, Peter, Communication Skills, Reader’s Delight, New Delhi.Dutta, Ashish, Body Language-What Words Don’t Reveal, Goodwills, New Delhi.

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20

The Elements of Strategic Interaction in Group Discussion

Ingole Pradeep Research Scholar, S.R.T.M.U. Nanded.

Ashok Chikte Research Scholar S.R.T.M.U. Nanded essentional. Those are candidates knowledge of the subject, their ability to communicate, objective traits, spirit of the leadership and belief on tolerance. There are also other important elements like candidate’s confidence, alertness and temperament.6 In Group discussion there are same stereotypes and misconceptions such as sometimes members of group discussion are expected to take control of the debate by not allowing others to express their views and thoughts. In some cases those participants also contradict with the thoughts of the other participants 7. A group discussion is a technically the communicative conversation which is intended to serve on objective in an organized format. Group discussion specifically transcends which is being mere chatting or whispering. Group discussion thus in nutshell can be called systematic interaction of the specific or general problems. It is also true that it determines managerial success because it’s general prodesscer in the various formats and informal occasions. It is universally accepted that a group discussion is very didactic technique for fulfilling many issues and purposes. It can be said that unbiased group discussion can be served as a potent process of decision making. There are some rules and regulation about fair discussions. Ø Subject which is chosen for candidate has to speak discussion in the favor of the topic or against. Ø The diction and language of Group Discussion must be exact simple and lucid. Ø There should not be the statements such as “Your point of view is baseless” or “You completely wrong”. Ø The participant has to disagree without being rude and exited.

Discussions, Conferences and Meetings are very essential aspects of human life style. Particularly discussions are of the matters which help us to understand various better perspectives on the issues by bringing out immensely diverse view points. Therefore in the field of Soft Skill it is universally accepted that whenever we humans share different views on particular matter, we achieve an objective picture of the problem and therefore we are able to understand the cosmos around us. Thus in nutshell we can assert that the process of discussion is the storehouse of the Evolution of The Mankind. The understanding through a fair discussion makes us better equipped with the mega issues. Therefore we can assert that group discussion is faithful panacea for any problem that the human civilization has to face. In short group discussion is systematic oral exchange of thought process, views, opinions and data with other participants to share certain common objective.1 According to the Wikipedia Group Discussion is an interpersonal communication within group of three persons to 20 persons. 2 Group discussion also helps to evaluate and summarize idea’s ethics and information that a group of participants may come to hold as group. 3 The specific idea about group discussion is that each participants can play the role of the active integral elements therefore we can say that by process of group discussion the collective becomes greater than the over sum of the individual parts. 4 In today’s postmodern world group discussions about society, academic, cosmic, professional and political life are gaining immense importance.5 About Group Discussion some elements are very Soft Skill and Personality Development

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Ø It is very essential to listen with the proper attention the opinions other competitors. Ø The discussion becomes chaotic when all the participants speak at the same time. It is wrong some candidates do their best to underestimate or interrupt by making fun of other participants. Ø It is necessary in the case your views are strongly criticized therefore one must not to be upset or biased. Group processing as well as assessment is very essential aspect to develop effective communication. In a group it is absolute that to assess your thought after a group discussion you have to reflect on each other’s method and contribution with special reference to the topic. Group discussion is a matter of proper interaction within a team or between various teams in an organization or an institution. It determines managerial success and is common process in the competitive exams as well as job interviews. The interviewers as well as examiners nowadays find it essential to evaluate a particular candidate’s capability to work as member of team or system. Group discussion is not a novel thing in 21 century because we severally confront it hospitals, research laboratories, law offices and private agencies. It is also true that the topic biased group discussion specifically move difficult to be handled them further case studies. Because the absence of the particular thought process in the group discussion we have to accept the fact that a group is not able to carry on it’s a signed work without a proper leader. On the other hand this matter is also important that there is no appointed leader in a group discussion. Functional ability is also an important aspect that is responsible for proper group discussion. 8Thus functional elements are i.e. knowledge of particular, matter physical and mental energy, psychological stability, firm objectivity and emotional intelligence in group communication.9 “Group adaptively also plays a vital role which provides a coherence force that binds the whole alpha and omega of the group in to a single unit rather them chaotic collection of the people or participants.


References: 1. www.wikieducator.org.co.in 2. www.Wikipedia/groupdiscussion.com 3. h t t p : / / w w w . i d e m p l o y e e . i d . t u e . n l / g . w. m . r a u t e r b e rg / l e c t u r e n o t e s / UFTgroupdiscussion.pdf 4. Ibid 5 Farhatullah, TM. Communication Skills for Technical Students. Orient Blackswan Pvt.Ltd .2010, P.60 6. Ibid 7. Ibid 61 8. Ibid 9. Ibid

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21

Audio Visual Aids for Effective Communication

Sushama M. Ingole MGM’s College of CS & IT, Parbhani. “A picture is worth a thousand words.” - An American Proverb (Wolfgang Mieder). Introduction: Communication is sharing and understanding of thoughts, emotions and feelings between the individuals or groups of people. It can be both verbal and non verbal. Even in verbal communicator also, if the communicator makes effective use of audio visual aids, it can be more effective. The present paper attempts to illustrate the use of audio visual aids in effective communication.

give them dramatic impact. 2. MODELS: If the item you want to discuss is too large, too small, or unavailable, you may be able to work with a model. A model is an object, usually built to scale, that represents another object in detail. 3. PHOTOGRAPHS: In the absence of an object or a model, you may be able to use photographs. They will not work effectively, however, unless they are large enough for the audience to view without straining. 4. DRAWINGS: Diagrams, sketches, and other kinds of drawings are inexpensive to make and can be designed to illustrate your points exactly. This more than compensates for what they may lack in realism. 5. GRAPHS: Audiences often have trouble grasping a complex series of numbers. You can ease their difficulty by using graphs to show statistical trends and patterns. 6. CHARTS: Charts are particularly useful for summarizing large blocks of information. 7. VIDEOS: Your best visual aid would be a video showing those coasters in action. The detail, immediacy, and vividness of video are hard to match. Now that it is readily available in digital formats—on DVDs, peer-to-peer networks, and Web sites like YouTube—it’s easier than ever to incorporate into a speech. 8. MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS: Multimedia presentations allow you to integrate a variety of visual aids—including charts, graphs, photographs, and video—in the same talk. 9. THE SPEAKER: Sometimes you can use your own body as a visual aid—by illustrating how a conductor directs an orchestra, by revealing the secrets behind

Definition: Teaching aids which effect on the organs of audibility and sight are called “Audio-Visual Aids”. According to Sadhana Gupta, “an audio-visual aid is something the audience can see and hear that helps the speaker send his message across to the audience. The use of audio-visual aids helps in communicating the message effectively to the audience”. A. R. Rather gives following definitions of audio visual aids. 1. Career V. Good. “Audio-visual aids are those aids which help in completing the triangular process of learning i.e. motivation, classification and stimulation.” 2. According to Burton, “Audio-Visual aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning.” Kinds of Visual Aids: These days there are several types of audio visual aids available to assist the desiring communicator. Most commonly suitable are – 1. OBJECTS: Bringing the object of your speech to class can be an excellent way to clarify your ideas and Soft Skill and Personality Development

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magic tricks, by showing how to perform sign language, and so forth. Importance of Audio Visual Aids: Audio visual aids have proven very useful in communication. K Sampath, A Panneerselvam and S Santhanam emphasize the fact that the use of audiovisual materials results in greater acquisition of knowledge of facts and ensures longer retention of the information gained. K K Ramachandran, Lakshmi K K, K.K. Karthick and M Krishna Kumar also stated that audio-visual aids complement the spoken word and help to make a stronger impact than a mere speech. Selection of Audio Visual Aids: The audio-visual aids play a significant role in content organizing process, but selection of appropriate audiovisual aids is challenging task for a communicator. As there are various types of teaching aids, the appropriate hence selection is the complex problem. There are various criteria and principles as the basis for selecting appropriate audio visual aids. Ram Nath Sharma and S.S. Chandra have suggested that the effective audio-visual aids may be selected by employing both criteria: 1. Teaching-learning Objectives and 2. Learning Conditions or structures. Guidelines for Presenting Visual Aids: Here are a few guidelines for Presenting Visual Aids: 1. Avoid Using the Chalkboard 2. Display Visual Aids Where Listeners Can See Them 3. Avoid Passing Visual Aids among the Audience


4. Display Visual Aids Only While Discussing Them 5. Talk to Your Audience, Not to Your Visual Aid 6. Explain Visual Aids Clearly and Concisely 7. Practice with Your Visual Aids Conclusion: There are many kinds of visual aids. If you have access to the right equipment, you may be able to use a multimedia presentation. However, you can act as your own visual aid by performing actions that demonstrate processes or ideas. No matter what kind of visual aid you use, you need to prepare it carefully. You will be most successful you prepare your aids In advance, keep them simple, make sure they are large enough to be seen clearly, and use color effectively for emphasis and visual appeal. References: Gupta, Sadhana. Communication Skills and Functional Grammar. University Science Press, New Delhi. 2008. (p 267). Mieder, Wolfgang. Proverbs: A Handbook. Greenwood Press. Westport. 2004. (p79) Ramachandran, K K, Lakshmi K K, K.K. Karthick and M Krishna Kumar. Business Communication. Macmillan India. New Delhi. 2007. (p 290). Rather, A. R. (ed.) Essentials of Instructional Technology. Discovery Publishing House. New Delhi. 2004. Sampath, K. etc. Introduction To Educational Technology. Sterling. New Delhi. 2008. (p 80). Sharma, Ram Nath and S.S. Chandra. Advanced Educational Technology. Atlantic, New Delhi. 2003. (p 134).

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22 The Impact of Personality in Learning Second Language: An Overview

Kishor N. Ingole Assistant Professor of English Shivaji College, Hingoli. use it as a second language, let alone a first language’. That figure corresponds to the percentage of respondents in the last Household survey, whose interviews were conducted in English However, the 2001 census data (realized in late 2009) reports that 10.4% of the population claimed to speak English as second or third language-that equates to around 126 million speakers in 2010. First it is necessary for us to understand what personality is and what types of personalities that related with second language learning. According to Wright and Tyler (1970), personality is the person who has a stable character which we can distinguish him/her from others. Therefore, every individual has their unique personality. Personality has been defined as “those aspects of an individual’s behavior, attitudes, beliefs, thought, action and feelings which are seen as typical and distinctive of that person and recognized as such by that person and others.” (Richards, Platt & Platt, 1998) A number of theories hold that personality factors significantly influence the degree of success that individuals achieve in learning second language. (Gass & Selinkar, 1994) The term ‘Personality’ is generally understood even though it is not defined to scientific satisfaction. When we ask questions such as, Is X an introvert or extravert? Impulsive or Reflective?, Charming or Dull? etc. We believe that the answers reveal something about an individual’s personality. The personality has relation to language learning. Personality theory argues that

Each language is structured differently, and the different structures offer users different suggestions to meaning. So when we learn our first language, our brain/ mind ‘tunes into’ the way the particular works, and we learn to pay attention to particular cues to meaning that are most helpful. When we meet a new language, our brain/mind automatically tries to apply the first language experience by looking for familiar cues. Part of learning a second language is developing new understandings about the particular cues to meaning that the new language offers, and that differ from those of our first language. Second language means learning and adopting a language that is not your native language. As Tausczik and Pennebaker put it: Language is the most common and reliable way for people to translate their internal thoughts and emotions into a form that others can understand. Words and language, then, are the stuff of psychology and communication. (Tausczik & Pennebaker, 2010) Kachru (2004) suggested that 333 million people in India would ‘Use English’- a figure based on survey by the magazine ‘India Today’ in 1997, which reported that over one third of Indians claimed to speak English. For many years, estimates have hovered around 5% or less of the population, which at the start of the 20th century suggests around 10 million speakers, in 2010 around 55 million. According to the National Knowledge Commission (2009) claims of English that ‘even now, no more than one per cent of our people Soft Skill and Personality Development

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everyone is different and that individuals are characterized by a unique and basically unchanging pattern of traits, disposition or temperaments. Personality has however, been studied in a variety of different ways. It has been viewed as pertaining to different forms of information processing styles or learning styles. (Messick, 1994) According to the Cook, “there are three reasons for being interested in personality. They are first; to gain scientific understanding, second, to access people and next, to change people.” (Cook, 1991) There are many types of personalities that related to second language learning, such as: self-esteem, inhibition, risktaking, anxiety, empathy and extroversion. In this paper, I will only focus on traits extroversion and introversion which are related with the second language learning. Since the 1990’s there has been a growing interest on how personality correlates with the academic performance. Personality has been conceptualized at different level of breath. (Mc Adams, 1992) The relationship between students’ personality traits, (introversion-extraversion) and how students having different personality traits use different learning styles in learning English Language at the university level. Simply put, the introverts are the people who are motivated by their inner worlds. Their achievement is based on a quiet learn environment where they would have the chance to think a work alone. Yet, an extrovert is a person who has a tendency to focus on the outer world of people and events. They are social and outgoing. (Warden & Rusbin, 1987) Here I would like explain the impact of personality in learning second language through my own story. Both my brother and I were born in the same family and grew up in the same language environment. We were in the same school, same teachers who taught us English (L2). My brother is typically introvert person Soft Skill and Personality Development

and he doesn’t like talking to people in public. Compare to him, I am more active, I love talking to people and enjoy attending all kinds of meetings and activities, either inside or outside of the classroom. In English study field, both my brother and I have a huge difference. My brother is good at reading and writing English, he always had a higher grade than me in English test. But I am better in oral communication. I can speak English much better than he did. In English class, both of us felt very good at learning, we were highly self-confident people. That was another reason why both of us were the tops of the students in English class. I also felt anxiety in my English study, too. In English class, sometimes if someone is doing better than me in certain of test, especially my close friends or my classmates, I would felt very uncomfortable. I would study hard, tried to pass them next time that would gave me a great satisfaction. Based on my personal experiences in learning second language as I stated above, I found that the personality has huge impact in second language learning. Extrovert people are good at communicative competence in language learning than introvert people. Introvert people are better in grammatical and literature in language learning than extrovert people. The notion of extroversion and introversion are the trait theories of personality developed in psychology. The majority of studies on the personality research in learning second language have looked at the relationship between the extraversion and introversion dimension of personality in learning second language. To some extent, extroversion and introversion dimension of learners’ personality indeed impacts in learning second language. Especially the impact of the extraversion and introversion dimension in learning second language is obvious and remains stable over time. Extroversion and introversion are the most important traits in personality that related with second language (66)

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learning. Extroverts are the person who like to contact with the others and share their thoughts and experiences. They are more openness and enjoy attending all the activities. Extroverts are very social able and like to have the parties, they mostly have many friends. (Shahila & Meenakshi, 2011) But in language study, they are very easier to distract from the study because they are lack of concentration for a long period of time on study. (Shahila & Meenakshi, 2011) On the opposite side, introverts like to hide him inside. They mostly do not want to or not willing to talk to people, especially in public setting. They usually just have a few friends but much close friends. (Shahila & Meenakshi, 2011) Because extroverts like to interact with others and share their experiences, so they will get most practice time using their L2 and more language input. They mostly have the positive impact in learning second language, especially in communicative competence because communication requires many interactions with others and practice which extroverts are good at. Schmidt (1983) provided us a very good example how extrovert people can achieve communicative competence. A Japanese tourist Wes immigrated to Hawaii; he didn’t have any English background in Japan. But he can achieve higher English (L2) proficiency in communication just shortly after he immigrated to Hawaii. Wes was a super extrovert, he likes going outside to talk to people in English (L2) and listening to native speakers feedback, he is also risk taking, he is not afraid of making mistakes when he uses his L2. Through interaction with the others, he has more chances to practice his English (L2). Through listen the feedback from the native speakers, he can correct his mistakes, not making the same mistake next time. Although his grammatical competence was still in lower level, he achieved higher communicative competence through his interaction and feedback. Schmidt (1983) used Wes’ case to prove that extroverts are good at in communicative Soft Skill and Personality Development

competence. Without his willingness talking to people and getting native speakers feedback, he will not able to achieve communicative competence in learning second language. However, on the other side, introverts have a correlation with learning second language, too. Many researches also showed that since introverts are much patient, they are mostly can concentrate in studying than extroverts, they are good at grammar and academic skills, such as reading and writing which are not required too much interaction with people. Chen and Huang (2011) did a survey on 364 high school students in Taiwan as subjects who study English as their L2, and they found out because introverts are using “meta-cognitive” strategies for planning language tasks, so they are good at academic skills. Shahila & Meenakshit (2011) also concluded after a serial of studies that introverted people are better on reading and writing in term of learning second language. Therefore, it is clear that both extroverts and introverts all have the positive influence in learning second language. A typical extravert is someone who is sociable, likes parties, has many friends, needs to have many people to talk to, craves excitement, takes chances, often sticks his neck out, acts on the spur of the moment, and is generally an impulsive individual.’ On the other hand, they described a typical introvert as someone who ‘is a quiet, retiring sort of person, introspective, fond of books rather than people: he is reserved and distant except to intimate friends. He tends to plan ahead, ‘‘looks before he leaps,’’ and distrusts the impulse of the moment. He does not like excitement . . . ’ (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1964). These characteristics of learners’ personality will accordingly affect their thoughts and lives, of course including the learners’ activities for acquiring their second language. This paper gives a close attention to the impact of extroversion and introversion in learning second language. Many theorists claimed that extraverts are the better (67)

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language learners. Extraverts, who tend to be sociable, are more likely to join groups, more inclined to engage in conversations both inside and outside the classroom. (Cook, 1991) As such they take full advantage of language-use opportunities. It has been suggested that extroverted learners will find it easier to make contact with other users of the second language and therefore will obtain more input. The classroom learner may also benefit from being extroverted by getting more practice in using the second language. Furthermore extraverts are believed to be prone to risk-taking and are likely to try out a larger amount and variety of different word types and grammatical structures at a higher speech rate. In recent years, a more impact of extraversion and introversion in second language learning has emerged. In reviewing the literature the impacts of extraversion and introversion in learning second language, two major positions are identified. The first advocates that, “extroverted learners will do better in acquiring basic interpersonal communication skills”. The second maintains that: “introverted learners will do better at developing cognitive academic language ability”. Extraverts learners are good learners, Brown states that, “extraverts needs their self-esteem reaffirmed by others and tend to have thick ego boundaries and less empathy.” (Brown, 1994) Extraverts are universally believed to maintain more eye contact and positive correlation between the eye contact, shoulder orientation and body orientation indicates extraversion. Much of the literature to date his indicated that extraverts are better language learners. (Dewaele, 2005) It is difficult to introverts people to acquire second language than extravert people. Extraverts and introvert are the two characterizations of how one relates to the outside world. Extravert means a person more interested in what is happening around him than his own thoughts and emotions. That is to say, extravert experiences the world more through contact with others and Soft Skill and Personality Development

shared experience than through self examination and study. If the problem were to come about for an extravert, they would more than just likely find someone to help. On the contrary, introvert is a person who is more interested in his own thoughts and feelings than in things outside himself, he is often shy and unwilling to speak or join in activities with others. In other words, an introvert tends to remain “in” oneself. If the same problems use to arise, that person might open a book or pace back and forth to come to a solution. Many researchers have shown that extravert people acquire a second language better than introverts, it seem also important for second language learners to develop personality. That is to say, try to be extravert while study a second language. As everybody known, individuality is one thing and personality is another. A soul is born an individual, but without a personality. Personality is built after one is born. What the soul has brought along is hands and legs and face, but not personality; this is made on earth. Some heredity factors that contribute to personality development do so but some potential environment influences that help to shape personality. It is entirely commendable to devote some thoughts and effort to the improvement of your personality that can help you to learn second language better. (Yan, 2008) Within the individual difference area of extraversion Vs introversion, research results are varied and do not indicate that one personality is better than other. Rather extraversion Vs introversion studies tend to show that each is successful in its own language area. For example, extraverted personalities may be better for in class interactions and language experimentation whereas introverted personalities may be better for studying grammatical structures and language analysis. In today’s language classroom, students’ have their own personalities, how to motivate students in learn(68)

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Kachru, B.B. Asian English: Beyond the Canon. Hong Kong: University Press, 2004. Mc Adams, D.P. The Five Factor Model in Personality: A Critical Appraisal. Journal of Personality, 1992. Messick, S. The Matter of Style: Manifestations of Personality in Cognitive, Learning and Teaching. Educational Psychologist, 1994. Richards, J., Platt. J & Platt, H. Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. China: Addison Longman, 1998. Schmidt, R. (1983). Interaction, Acculturation and the Acquisition of Communicative Competence. N. Wolfson & E. Judd (Eds.), Sociolinguistics and Language Acquisition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 1983. Shahila, Z & Meenakshi, K. A study on the relationship between extroversion-introversion and risk-taking in the context of second language acquisition. School of Social Sciences and Languages, VIT University: India, 2011. Tausczik. Y. & Pennebaker. The Psychological Meanings of Words: Liwc & Computerized Text Analysis Methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 2010. Warden, A & Rusbin, J. Learners Strategies in Language Learning. Oxford: OUP, 1987. Wright, D. & Taylor, A. Introducing Psychology. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1970. Yan, Zhang. The Role of Personality in Second Language Acquisition. Asian Social Science Journal, Vol4 No.5, May, 2008. (www. ccsenet.org/journal.html)

ing second language to fit individual students’ learning needs is extremely important for the teachers and educators. For those introversion students who are not good at communicative competent, we need to create the positive language environment, create the more chances for students to interact with others, using “roleplay” or “act out and read” to motivate the students to practice talk using their L2. Eventually, they will be successful in communicative competence. Thus we can say that number of theories and care studies tell that personality factors significantly impact the degree of success that individuals achieve in learning a second language. Works Cited: Brown, D. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching (3rd Edition) New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1994. Chen, M. & Huang, L. Personality type, perceptual style preferences, and strategies for learning English as a foreign language. Social behavior and personality, 2011. Cook, V.J. Second Language Learning and Language Teaching, London: Edward Arnold, 1991. Dewaele, J.M. Investigating the Psychological and Emotional Dimensions in Instructed Language Learning: Obstacles and Possibilities. Modern Language Journal, 2005. Eysenck, H.J. and Eysenck, S.B.G. Personality and Individual Differences. Newyork: Plenum, 1985. Gass, S. & Selinkar, L. Second Language Acquisition: An Introductory Course. Hillsdale NJ: Lawerence Erlbaum, 1994.


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23

The Personality Development: Any Time Need (ATN)

Jaybhaye Vithal K. Late Ramesh Warpudkar College, Sonpeth Dist. Parbhani-431516 MS We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not act, but a habit. -Aristotle Introduction: In every field and any time the personality development is most essential and need of time for everyone. So, we have to aware of the term personality development. The word is the combination of the two words i.e. personality and development. The words themselves suggest that the development of us is very crucial. There are many institutes are focusing now days on this activity. The word is very easy to utter but what is meant by the personality development? It is the not only looking good any to wear high standard clothes. If anyone thinks like this, then it’s completely wrong. The personality is the very broad term which takes an account the physical as well as the mental state of individual. At the same the manners are also come under the personality development itself. The personality development is useful anywhere in our life, whether you are going to face an interview or your daily working place; your overall personality plays a very crucial role in determining your success. This is the reason why people give very much importance to the personality development. In the realm of the competition, we all are aware about the various techniques to deal with the issues of the personality development that we face in our personal and professional life. The most important of them is the issue about our own selves. Sometime we can think that certain outer forces are important but instead of that the internal things are very important which are responsible to get the desired results of our work itself. For this we have to develop ourselves and Soft Skill and Personality Development

to realize the importance of the good personality as the total development of our life. What is personality development? The personality development or the personal development is nothing but the enhancement of us to some definite height of the skills which are necessary for the growth and success in our life itself and can be responsible to happiness in one’s life. The life skills of the personality development are like the pillars in the path of our whole carrier, hence our success or failure can be dependable on it. If we begin our life with certain wrong life skills, we can be loose our path totally and no one can avoid the fall of his life as well as carrier. So, for long lasting carrier and development in our life in terms of success and happiness we need to develop ourselves first. The personality development not just the addition of your overall look but hoe you conduct with others that are an important as your visual appearance. Everyone has some great qualities in themselves. Someone plays cricket very well, someone is great in singing or someone is brilliant in organizing and combining people. These are our skills on which we can stand ourselves very confidently. However these life skills are with us anytime and anywhere by which we can we prove ourselves in our field or work. Hence the personality development is an activity by which we can reach to our goal. For the good acquisition of the personality development, we has to acquire some principles, those are as follows. According to the great writer Stephen R. Covey there are following important things in our life by which one can be the perfect person. As David Starr Jordan says, “There is no real excellence (70)

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in this entire world which can be separated from right The next important characteristic of the living.” (The Seven Habits of highly Effective People, personality development is the positivity in us. A very 6) This suggests that, the real excellence can be acquired important part that is required to achieve anything in not gifted by any godly power. He great men achieved life is a positive attitude. Anyone can be unhappy due the goals in their life by the painstaking efforts for to some defects of our personality we can be unhappy success. They found “themselves struggling with an but this unhappiness affect our personality inner hunger, a deep need for personal congruency and development. There are situations where you have to effectiveness and for healthy, growing relationships look positively to our life. The positive attitude also with other people.” (The Seven Habits of highly makes your friendly and cheerful approaches, which Effective People, 6) on the whole reflects in your personality. With this you Some Points of the Personality Development: should be courteous to yourself as well as others, which The first important step to develop personality can impress to others and you too. You need to have an is the quest to develop personality and to know you. attitude that is pleasing to that you are welcomed Apart from this, our character is responsible to wherever you go. You have to be always helpful to you composite to our habits itself. As Covey writes, “Sow men, which can be the remarkable trait among your a thought, reap an action; sow an action, reap a habit; personality. sow a habit, reap a character, reap a destiny.” Our habits With these, for the personality development the are the powerful factors to create new things in our body language and appearance is very important. Your life. The habits of our character must be consistent personality itself is central among all other which can creates and express ourselves in effective characteristics. You have to dress up very well with mood. Nonetheless, the character or knowing yourself the positivity in your body language. Hoe you walk, is not means to know about your favorite color, food, talk, sit, eat and how you behave when others are talking clothing etc. It is about to know your limitations and to you and others totally. This can be the huge impact positive aspects thoroughly. You have to aware about of your personality. Your body language is therefore a your abilities and when to use them in your life very important aspect of your personality development. powerfully. You have to analyze the things which you You have to acquire the relaxed posture and walk have and have not. You have to understand your nature, upright with the confidence. Do not drop the shoulders whether short tempered or panic easily, which can be during the work. Your behavior and talking must be harmful or useful to your personality development. relaxed but not affected by the surroundings. With this Apart from the character and habits, we have your eye contact should be very calm and simple one, to be careful about the comparing your strengths and by which you can prove you the good personality weaknesses with others, by which you can afford the among the men around you. Have a good body problems in your work. We are different from others, language, which will be the strength of your personality. by which you can prove properly yourself in your work One important tool of the personality skillfully. Everyone has his or her own set of talent by development is your physique. The good physique is which he or she can be better than others. There are the crucial tool of the personality development. It can’t certain things which you can do but no one can do like be denied the importance of the good physique. It is you, this is your strength. So be confident about your very important part of the personality. If you have the strengths and weaknesses and do not compare yourself good physique, you can think about yourself and your to others. It does more benefit to your work. So, you health. So, for the good physique you have to start the have to love yourself first and then think and compare exercise. with others. The speech is another tool which plays very (71) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

vital part among your personality development. Your speech can be the best helper of you. By speaking well, you can attract the people around you. You have to acquire the decent style of speaking among your act. You have to simple and lucid language, which can be understood by everyone. Try to use the perfect language which you have acquired and has command over it. In speaking, your speech is more important; that when to speak instead of that what to speak is crucial. Use words carefully because they are the two aged sword, if you use properly they can praise you but if use them wrongly they will through you away from the men along with you as well as your efforts. The last and very important tool of the personality development is your confidence. You have to be confident where and what you are doing. Your confidence says that you are well aware of your strengths and weakness. So, believe in yourself by which you can prove yourself in your work. This type of confidence can give you moral and physical boost, by which you can be the victorious among your work


very well. For this, you have to read motivational slogans and the autobiographies of the great personalities and the history of India, which can be the real path of your successful personality development. . Conclusion: These are the certain important points to make yourself the perfect person among your men. If anyone tries to follow these tools for the personality development, he or she can be the best person. Apart from these, there are certain other points includes in the personality development like meditation, regular yoga which can improve your personality. References: 01. The Seven Habits of Highly Effective people, Stephen R. Covey, Franklin Covey Co., London, 1989. 02. www.personalitydevelopment.com 03. www.You Can Win Shiv Khera. com

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24

Interview Techniques

Joshi Arati Ashok BA Ty, Nagnath Arts,Sience &Commers Collage Aundha Nagnath Dist Hingoli

Joshi Anagha Ashok BA Sy, Nagnath Arts,Sience &Commers Collage Aundha Nagnath Dist Hingoli Walk in interview are held, some times times, because of the lock of time.in such type screening of applications, sending interview call letters each avoided. eligible candidates are in informed that be present at venue on the date at such and such time, along with necessary documents and testimonials C)online interview: The present age is the age as mode in techonology.the applicant are asked to submit online application. then sometimes,online interviews. Then sometimes, online interviews are conducted. since the applicant mentions his/her landline are mobile number, the interview calls the applicant and conduct an interview. 3) Interview technologies One should be serious regarding interview. It is the last step in the way of getting job. failure in interview spoils efforts taken at early stages.that means sufficient efforts should be taken in the form of preparation for interview.right from your hair style to shoes. Following are some techniques for facing interview particularly conducted for jobs. 1) The present at venue before atleast one our so that you will be familiar with atmosphere 2) Wait for the announcement for your name, knock the door, ask permission and then enter in the room/ chamber 3) Meet the people in the room in a pleasant way and don’t seat on the chair unless they ask you to seat 4) Listen carefully the questions asked, and answer

Introduction Interview which is last step in the process of getting a job or selection for a particular post, should be faced with self as confidence .an interview can be described as a formal meeting at which people are asked question by an interviewer or a panel of interviewer to find out if the are suitable for a job or a course of study. We have to face interview for not only government jobs but private jobs also such as ;in companies, office, hotels etc. A good academic background is essential for being able to find a job of your choice beside this, now a days, previous experience also given importance one should seriously prepare for interview, because , the employers take a final decision during or aster interview, they may select one or few out of plenty applicants of same qualification and capability . 2) Types of Interview There are three types of interviews A)Formal interview: B)walk in interview C)online interview A) formal interview: Formal types of interview follows a formal process.applicant have to respond an advertisement in the form of an application.Then after screening interview call letters are send .the applicant have to be present at the venue at giving date and time to face interview with original documents and testimonials. B) walk in interview Soft Skill and Personality Development

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the questions clearly, mentain the moderate tone as well as speed 5) Don’t interrupt the interviewer don’t ask questions to them 6) Avoid repetition of words, long silemees, and fillers etc. 7) Instead of answering in ‘Yes/no’type.answer in complete sentences. try to speak in simple sentences, avoid technical terms archaic words etc 8) Don’t say that ‘I don’t know the answer’ simply, say that ‘I am sorry’,If you don’t know the answer 9) Don’t argue with interviewer, don’t talk negatively, or avoid criticizing former teachers, friends or employers


10) Unless the interviewer tell u that the interview is ended,don’t get up from your chair.Thanks all the peoples in the room before walking out of the door closing it softly behind you Conclusion: The importance of ‘interview’ in the life of a job seeker is invaluable so one should prepare will for that, the above mentioned techniques, may not be complete, but at least, will help the applicant, to some extend preferences References 1)’radiance’ communication skills, orient black swami Mumbai 2009 2)’Google 3)Wikipedia

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Elocution: The Art of Speaking

Kittekar Utkarsh Bhikajirao Dept. of English, Majalgaon College, Majalgaon In speaking, as in any form of communication, there are five basic elements, often expressed as “who is saying what to whom using what medium with what effects?” It is important what one says but equally important, perhaps more important is how one says it. After all, it is not what comes out of the mouth, but how it’s delivered. The style, tone and body language add up to the actual message. Elocution is the basis of effective communication skills. Elocution is the art of clear and concise manner of speaking, with clarity of meaning and thought. Elocution originates from the word ‘eloquence’ – fluent, elegant or persuasive speaking. It is the knowledge of expressing strong emotions in striking and appropriate language and with the power of persuasion. Effective speech has deep roots in elocution – the pronunciation, the accent, the grammar, the tone and the body language play a key role in forming a meaningful and desired message. Elocution is considered a key aspect of learning the art of communications. As elocution is an art, it can be studied with toils. The key principles of elocution are as follows: I. Articulation: Articulation is the act of vocal expression and enunciation. It is the act or manner of producing a speech sound. How a person phrases the message and enunciates it, how one puts the thoughts into proper words is the most important aspect of effective speech. II. Inflections: Inflection is bending or sliding the voice either upward or downward. This is where one needs to know grammar. Inflection is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, grammatical mood and grammatical voice. Proper inSoft Skill and Personality Development

flection is very useful to express mood, contrast, irony and sarcasm etc. III. Accent and Emphasis: How a person pronounces, formulates and stresses different parts of speech makes a big difference. By nature and by habit, our accent and the way we speak are always affected by our social surroundings and the mother tongue. It is important to understand the right accent and how to use it for a proper emphasis on the right syllables. Accent is a large part of expressions and how the listeners perceive you, as a result. IV. The Voice: The natural pitch of the voice and how we use different vocal ranges add to the effectiveness of the speech. The quality and the control of the pitch make a big difference. To avoid monotony, the voice should rise above or fall below the keynote (our natural voice pitch). Our voice should vary and ‘move’ with the change in the mood or sentiment. V. Gesture: Gestures include movement of the hands, facial expressions, or movement of other body parts. This pertains to the attitude and the mannerism of the speaker. For effective communications, gestures play a very important role and are often used to emphasize the message. Our gestures should match the contents of our speech. VI. Instructions for Reading Verse: This relates to effective reading of a verse, how to use proper inflection and proper stress for an effective delivery of the verse. Understanding the poetic pauses and similes can greatly enhance the effectiveness of the message. (75)

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For a meaningful and effective communications, the art of elocution plays a significant role. All the key principles discussed above deal with the way and method of presentation of the existing matter with a speaker. Besides being a good presenter, it is also very much necessary for a good speaker to possess some other qualities that enhances the effect of the speaker. A good speaker must be a good listener fist of all. He should keep his ears open and alert to gather whatever impressions and information he can from the surrounding atmosphere and people. A good speaker develops from good reading. The art of speaking stands solidly on the base of good study. That helps to use various examples and references from different areas. The study of human psychology assists a lot to a speaker. He can judge well the mind set of the people before him. The speaker can win them due to that. In this way, we find that elocution is very important in the matter of making our speech more effective and overwhelming. References 1. Bovee, Courtland and John V Thill, Business Communication Today, 8th ed. Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2008.


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Gerson, Sharan J., and Steven M Gerson, Technical Writing: Process and Product. Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2008. Guffey, Mary Ellen., Business Communication: Process and Product. 3rd ed. Thomson and Southwestern, 2004. Lesikar, Raymond V., John D Pettit, and Mary E FlatlyLesikar’s, Basic Business Communication, 10th ed. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2007. McGrath, E. H., S.J, Basic Managerial Skills for All, 8th ed. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 2008. Murphy, Herta, Herbert W Hildebrandt, and Jane P Thomas, Effective Business Communication. 7th ed. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. Raman, Meenakhshi, and Prakash Singh, Business Communication. O U P, New Delhi, 2008. Stuart Bonne E., Marilyn S Sarow and Laurence Stuart, Integrated Business Communication in a Global Market Place.3rd ed. John Wiley India, New Delhi, 2007.

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Mental Health of Player and Non Player Students

Vaykos G.P. Dept. of Psychology, B. Raghunath College, Parbhani.

Kokil Santosh B. Head, Department of Sports Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani. depression, with studies finding that physical activity is as effective a treatment as anti-depressants (Dimeo et.al. 2001), an psychotherapy (Martinsen, 1994). Similarly, a variety of non clinical studies have found that higher levels of activity were related to lower rates of depression (Hassmen et.al., 2000). A position statement of the International Society of Sport Psychology (Singer, 1992) drew out numerous mental health benefits of physical activity from the research literature, including reduced state anxiety, neuroticism and anxiety, mild to moderate depression and various kinds of stress. A review of current literature indicates that people who participate in sports an organized recreational activity enjoy better mental health, are more alert, and more resilient against the stresses of modern living. Participation in recreational groups and socially supported physical activity is shown to reduce stress, anxiety and depression and reduce symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (Carcach & Huntley, 2002). Hypotheses i) There will be a significant difference between sports players and non players on mental health. ii) There will be no significant effect of gender on mental health of sports players. Methodology The study was conducted through descriptive survey method of research. Sample In the present study convenient sampling technique was applied to get sample of 100 students. 50 males and 50 females were included in the sample. A total of 100 subjects (player and non player college going student) were selected for the present research

Introduction Participation in regular physical activity provides a large range of physical and mental health benefits. The specialized field of sports psychology has developed rapidly in recent years. The importance of a sports psychologist as an integral member of the coaching and health care teams is widely recognized. It has been common knowledge that exercise is good for one’s physical health. In recent years, however, that it has become common place to read in magazines and health newsletters that exercise can also be of value in promoting sound mental health. The World Health Organization defines mental health as “a state of wellbeing in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community” (Stephen et.al, 2005). Neither mental nor physical health can exist alone. Mental, physical, and social functioning are interdependent. In recent years, there has been evidence of disturbingly high rates of mental ill-health among adolescents and even younger children, ranging from low-self-esteem, anxiety and depression to eating disorders, substance abuse and suicide (Sallis and Owen, 1999). Research suggests two ways in which physical activities can contribute to mental health in adolescents. Firstly, there is fairly consistent evidence that regular activity can have a positive effect upon boys and girls psychological well-being. Secondly, research has indicated that physical activity can contribute to the reduction of problematic leaves of anxiety and depression. Evidence is beginning to be gathered for exercise as a treatment for clinical Soft Skill and Personality Development

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study. The area was limited to colleges under SRTMU, Nanded. The detailed break-up of the sample is given below. Only those students were selected who belongs middle class family and who have good physical health.

Kumar (1992) was administered. The subjects were assured confidentiality of their responses. Results & Discussion Table 1: Statistical comparison of mental health scores between player and non- player students.

Table 1 presents the mean scores for the level of mental health of players and non-players which are 21.44 and 24.70 respectively. Standard deviation for players is 4.74 and for Non-players is 3.30. The t-value calculated for the two groups comes out to be 5.61 which is statistically significant at p. Web. 05 October 2013. 5. The police inspector is a minor character in the Slumdog Millionaire. Dir. Danny Boyle. Adapt. Simon novel. The whole complication is solved by Adv Smita Beaufoy. Perf.Dev Patel, Freida Pinto, Madhur who fights before the judiciary for Ram Mohammad Mittal, Tanny Chheda, Ayush Mahesh Khedekar, Thomas and becomes successful in acquitting him from Azharuddin Ismail, Rubina Ali, Anil Kapoor and Irrfan the charges of deception. The film depicts the role of Khan. Fox Searchlight Pictures, 2008. Movie. the police department as a major one and the police Swarup, Vikas. Slumdog Millionaire. Great Britain: Black Swan, 2009. Print. make an exhaustive enquiry by applying their ‘investigation methods’. Some of them put a hypothesis in their mind suspecting innocence of Jamal and after their enquiry they arrive at a conclusion by which Jamal is released from the charges. Along with all these deviations, the film is carefully designed and projected. It explored, like the novel, how the universal theme of the Power of Providence can be portrayed more vividly and realistically. Slumdog Millionaire both, the novel and the film, have become highly successful in terms of fame, sale as well as fascinating projection. It can be employed as an audiovisual aid, especially, for the students of English literature to make them sensible about the deep insight into life and to experience the inexperienced. The students are expected to watch the feature film in the academic interest while it is presented as an audio-visual aid for comprehension of the university syllabi. The students should pick up many deviations from the original novel script and the screenplay. It is also expected that they should silently observe acting skills from the eminent actors depicted in the films. Some of them must be able to present such skills at the time of Annual Social Gathering of the colleges. In short, the audio-visual aids like films must provide educa(102) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

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History Education and Personality Development

Sutawane Parimal Arvind Head, Department of History, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani. Every man has a personality. Personality is a mixture of good qualities and good features regarding behaviour. Behaviour is judged by the deeds done by everyone. Every man performs according to his personality. Personality depends upon the hereditary character and surrounding of a man. The social institutions are responsible for the shaping a personality of everyone. The home is a first institution where we get first lessons about behaviour and personality. The virtues are inculcated in the mind of an individual in home and in other institutions. The school and other higher education institutions are also helpful to everyone to shape his personality. Here we consider the History Education enables the personality of an individual. History Education Means The Knowledge Of Past History comprises the study of past with the references. The chronological study of events is history. Which happened in past. The analysis of all events will teach how to live in society. The history also points out the human development from the beginning of the human civilization. The morals, values, cultural, ethics are included in the past of every individual, every society and every nation. Here we must study the historical events thoroughly. We should assimilate the virtues are from the study of history. History Education And Sense Of Today : History Education is also helpful for the sense of today. As we come to know the past we take sense lessons from it. The lacunas of our past should be removed Soft Skill and Personality Development

from our personality, our today’s society, Today political policies. Here History Education is essential and importance for the sense of today. History And Future Planning : As we know the history, We are able to plan for our future. In the process of personality development we can overcome the problems and obstacles. We will plan for tomorrow as per our past knowledge. We can also improve our strengths as we had it. Future planning is not confined to a personality but it also applies for society and Nations. History Education And Social Development : The process of social change continues endlessly. The social institutions are the carriers of the social change. The education is a very effective tool of social change. The History Education teaches us Social behaviour, political representation. Our behaviour, interaction with social institutions in depended upon the our qualification. History Education is helpful to develop all types of personal qualities. History Education And Services : The service includes all types of services. Government services, social services, service sectors all services are related to earning and satisfaction History Education helps up to some society because with the help of history we know the past of society. The human settlements processes. From the knowledge of past we can live and serve our today. History Education helps us to build the good characters as the History

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Education has the lessons of ethics. Considering all above discussion, we can say that the History Education enables the process of personality development. History Education sows the virtues in our personality. We can take lessons from the history education. We can remove our lacunas with the help of history education. History educations help us to create a multi- dimential personality. The tolerance power is increased with the help of history education. The process of Nation building, making of social characters is made easier with history education. The contribution of an individual to the family; society and nation is made easier with help of history education.


The morals, ethics, manners, etiquettes are inculcated with the help of History Education in human personality. The History Education develops the various skills. The history subject is taught from school level. It develops the views of the student. Here we come to a conclusion that the History Education creates personality development. Reference Books : 1) N. Jayapalan - Historiography 2) Vipul V. Makodia - The Role of Body lan guage in Communication. 3) Ajay Rai - Intelligence test. 4) Palat Ragini - Interview Tips.

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Role of Library in promoting Reading skills

Ramdas B.Tekale Librarian Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani 18th and 19th centuries witnessed great influence of agricultural and industrial economy in the world. Today is the 21stcentury, popularly known as “Information age” or “computer age” which by implication, refers as information/knowledge economy. It recognizes that everyone needs to develop the ability to access, retrieve and use information and information technology resources in variety of ways, especially in achieving economic goals. Reading is crucial for acquisition of lifelong skills suitable for participation and survival in present day working environment. Education –the bedrock of every innovation has consistently been repositioned and re-defined to suit the recent knowledge demand. And library is a necessary consideration to carry-out this vital role in making available and accessible the reading materials needed for finding knowledge What is Reading Skill Reading skills refer to the specific abilities that enable a person to read with independence and interact with the message. Students at the university do a lot of reading unlike in secondary school. Some tips to help in having good reading skills are active reading and styles of reading. Good readers can understand the individual sentences and the organizational structure of a piece of writing. They can comprehend ideas, follow arguments, and detect implications. They know most of the words in the text already, but they can also determine the meaning of many of the unfamiliar words from the context - failing this, they can use their dictionary effectively to do so. In summary, good readers can extract from the writing what is important for the parSoft Skill and Personality Development

ticular task they are employed in. And they can do it quickly! Educational researchers have also found a strong correlation between reading and vocabulary knowledge. In other words, students who have a large vocabulary are usually good readers. This is not very surprising, since the best way to acquire a large vocabulary is to read extensively, and if you read extensively you are likely to be or become a good reader! Why Reading is Important? Everyone knows reading is important; here list out 8 reasons why reading is important. 1. Explore to New Thing 2. Self Improvement 3. Improve Understanding 4. Preparation to Action 5. Gain Experience from Other People 6. Tools of Communicating 7. Connecting toBrain 8. Boost Imagination and Creativity Libraries as a Partners in promoting Reading Skills Libraries have always been at the center of the university community of Research scholars and students engaged in seeking the truth through new knowledge by promoting research findings and complementing the requirements of the curricular in pedagogic terms. Library professionals serve as a support system, providing assistance, encouragement and informal advisement to students. In addition, on many campuses, the library is the custodian of various resources that support learning, such as audiovisual laboratories and collections, writing and study skills centers and special collections. Their traditional tasks include refer-

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ence work such as answering students’ questions and stand issues of copyright, access, privacy, free speech, directing them to resources, collection evaluation and and censorship. Faculty-librarian collaboration can development. These are important responsibilities, but yield many creative projects that enhance instruction. the newest and perhaps the most interesting role is that These endeavors come in all shapes and sizes. They of a liaison or specialist who works with students and may be formal or informal, individual or institutional faculty from specific departments and schools. This or an ongoing process. Traditional bibliographic inincludes advocacy (e.g. representing the interests of struction is very broad and covers topics like library their designated school or department at library and services, general information on the library’s web site, college-wide meetings), assistance, troubleshooting and subscription databases and the use of Internet resources, more. In addition to traditional bibliographic instrucwhich is often offered to incoming students. Coursetion, many university librarians have become more integrated instruction is a newer, more focused option active and involved in instruction. for faculty. These are customized teaching sessions that One way of ameliorating the situation therefore is emphasize discipline-specific information literacy. The to teach the students on the “Use of the Library” as heart of this type of library instruction is the location part of the General Studies Programme of the univerand evaluation of resources including specialized joursity. The staff, academic and non-academic is assumed nals, reference materials, and databases, such as ERIC, to have had contact with university libraries either at and Science Direct. home or abroad in the process of qualification but the While the responsibility for the successful imple“Library Guide” or other “Library Brochure” could be mentation of reading promotion and instruction is sufficient to assist staff requiring help on citation and shared by the entire Institute community, library probibliographic documentations. As a tool for educational grams serve as hubs of literacy learning in the instidevelopment, the contribution of libraries towards suctute. The following components of library programs cessful research cannot be quantified. Research has a position institutional librarians in leadership roles in vital role to play in projecting scholarly work in the developing reading comprehension strategies and in universities; libraries should therefore have informapromoting free independent reading: tive resources capable of sustaining the processes of · Academic librarians practice responsive collection intellectual investigation. development and support print-rich environments that Librarians and teaching faculty have many mureflect the curriculum and the diverse learning needs tual goals and concern. Both want students to develop of the institutional community. a greater understanding of and respect for books, jour· Academic libraries provide students, staff, and nals and other intellectual property. Both want to enfamilies with open, non-restricted access to a varied hance student literacy, particularly information literacy high quality collection of reading materials in multiple and help students become writers, problem solvers, and formats that reflect academic needs and personal incritical thinkers, self-directed and lifelong learners. terests Lastly, both want to build the social and learning com· Classroom teachers, reading specialists, and acamunity on campus. Librarians and faculty have a great demic librarians select materials, promote the curricudeal to offer students and each other, especially in this lar and independent use of resources, including tradi“Information Age.” To succeed in the university, stutional and alternative materials, and plan learning exdents must be able to: 1) work independently on comperiences that offer whole classes, small groups, and puters, using electronic databases, online catalogues individual learners an interdisciplinary approach to litand the Internet, as well as print resources; 2) evalueracy learning. ate, analyze and synthesize information and 3) under· Librarians take a leadership role in organizing and (106) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

promoting literacy projects and events that engage learners and motivate them to become lifelong readers. · Classroom and library collaborative instruction is evidence-based, using research in librarianship, reading, English-language arts, and educational technology in order to maximize student learning. Academic librarians partner with classroom teachers, specialists and other literacy colleagues to make decisions about reading initiatives and reading comprehension instruction, and to develop all learners’ curiosity in, and intellectual access to, appropriate resources in all formats and media. · Opportunities for planned and spontaneous library use best serve learners as they identify, analyze, and synthesize ideas and information by using a wide range of materials in a variety of formats and media. Availability of library resources and professional staff at point of need develops intellectual behaviors that transfer to future academic pursuits and lifelong academic and public library use. · When learners follow an inquiry process they access and use reading comprehension strategies. The skills identified in the Standards for the 21st-Century Learner align with the reading process. · Along with classroom and reading specialist colleagues, librarians provide and participate in continual professional development in reading that reflects current research in the area of reading instruction and promotion. Conclusion: As more institutions of higher education recognize the importance of integrating information literacy in courses, the collaboration between librarians and faculty is also growing stronger. In today’s global economics, the integration of information literacy with instruction has become the key to successful student learning in business and economics fields focused on global understanding. Both librarians and faculty are using various collaborative models in developing and revising such courses. Soft Skill and Personality Development

References: 1.Vohra, Rubina & Chou, Min , Using internal grant to Foster Faculty-Librarian collaboration, Chinese American Librarians Association, May2011, No.9,p.1-6. 2. Awale-Ale, Isabella Idomu, “Faculty-Librarian Collaboration on Developing Reading Skillsin Tertiary Institutions” (2007).LibraryPhilosophy and Practice (e-journal).Paper 135 3. Idris Habibu2 & Samuel Ejembi, The Role of Schools and Public Libraries in Promoting Reading Habit among Children and Adolescents in Nigeria, Information and knowledge management, Vol.1, No.4, 2011 4. http://www.ala.org/aasl/sites/ala.org.aasl/files/ content/aaslissues /positionstatements/ slroleinreading.pdf

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38

Role of Language and Personality in Communication

Rajiv N. Aherkar Asstt. Professor in English, Late Sow S.S.M. Arts College, Gangakhed Dist. Parbhani Introduction In the present paper my primary attempt is to focus on the role of language and personality in communication. In day to day life we communicate with each other, but we are little aware about the role of language and personality in communication. Some people are very effective in conveying their message because of their use of language and personality they developed. We are well aware that in the modern scenario there is no limit to the media that can be used in conveying messages. We communicate our messages, ideas, feelings etc. through spoken communication, written communication or non- verbal communication. Language as well as Personality plays very vital role in communication. Communication Communication is an act of conveying our thoughts, feelings, ideas to others through language. In modern scenario it is very necessary to be an effective communicator to get success in our working field. We start communicating right from early childhood. When we are unable to speak at that stage we communicate our feeling, ideas, thoughts etc. through nonverbal communication. In business communication, we use various devices in spoken as well as written communication. In spoken communication, we communicate our message through telephone, intercom, conferences, face to face interaction etc. and in written communication; we use memo, report, graph, charts, email, fax, telexes, letters, brochures, advertisement, notice, circulars etc. There are four directions of communication in a business organization; downward communication, upward communication, horizontal communication and grapevine communication. In downward communication the flow of information is from top to down. Upward communication involves movement of informa-


tion from the lower level of an organization to its upper level. Horizontal or lateral communication is that type of communication where communication takes place among the same rank or at the same level in an organization. Grapevine communication is an informal form of communication and exists in society. It takes place in office without official sanction. Grapevine communication allows the flow of information in all directions and all levels in the organization. For effective communication, we need to have knowledge of culture, attitude and problems besides language skills of the people we deal with. It is clear that knowledge of language as well as personality is very necessary for effective communication. Language and Communication Language is medium of communication. It is a mental faculty which helps us to understand human behavior and response it. Linguists like Ferdinand de Saussure who considered language as a system of symbols. Languages, understood as the particular set of speech norms of a particular community, are also a part of the larger culture of the community that speaks them. Languages do not differ only in pronunciation, vocabulary, or grammar, but also through having different “cultures of speaking”. Humans use language as a way of signaling identity with one cultural group and difference from others. Even among speakers of one language, several different ways of using the language exist, and each is used to signal affiliation with particular subgroups within a larger culture. Linguists and anthropologists, particularly sociolinguists, ethno linguists, and linguistic anthropologists have specialized in studying how ways of speaking vary between speech communities. All languages change as speakers adopt or invent new ways of speaking and pass them on to other mem-

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bers of their speech community. Language change happens at all levels from the phonological level to the levels of vocabulary, morphology, syntax, and discourse. Even though language change is often initially evaluated negatively by speakers of the language who often consider changes to be “decay” or a sign of slipping norms of language usage, it is natural and inevitable. (Kennison (2013). Introduction to Language Development.) Personality and Communication There are several definitions of personality. In fact, every theory of personality can be viewed as an attempt to define personality and these definitions differ markedly from one another. The term personality is derived from the Latin word persona, which means mask. If we consider personality as mask, we view personality as one’s public self. It is that aspect of ourselves we select to display to the world. This definition of personality implies that important aspects of a person remain concealed for some reason. Personality allows a person to be socially effective. Personality is a composite of factors because personality is a mixture of genetics, traits, culture-society, learning, personal choice, unconscious mechanisms, and cognitive processes. Personality is the particular combination of emotional, attitudinal and behavioral response patterns of an individual. Different personality theorists, including psychologist Freud, present their own definitions of the word based on their theoretical positions. Personality is usually broken into components called the Big Five, which are: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (or emotionality). The biological basis of personality is the theory that anatomical structures located in the brain contribute to personality traits. This stems from neuropsychology, which studies how the structure of the brain relates to various psychological processes and behaviors. (Storm Paula, “Personality Psychology and the Workplace”, MLA Forum, 2006) When we regard personality as public self, it means we agree that it matters while we communicate. Personality is combination of emotion, attitude and behavior of an individual and in communication all these aspect play most important role. For effective communi-


cation, a good speaker or listener needs to be conscious about these factors. If a communicator lacks emotion, it affects the communication. One of the big fives of personality is openness to experience and a good communicator must be open to experience. If a communicator needs to be a good communicator he/she must be open to the experience which he/she has to communicate with his/her audience. In short, personality is our public self and communication is effective when our public self is impressive. To conclude, effective communication occurs when a desired effect is the result of intentional or unintentional information sharing, which is interpreted between multiple entities and acted on in a desired way. This effect also ensures the messages are not distorted during the communication process. Effective communication should generate the desired effect and maintain the effect, with the potential to increase the effect of the message. Therefore, effective communication serves the purpose for which it was planned or designed. Possible purposes might be to elicit change, generate action, create understanding, inform or communicate a certain idea or point of view. When the desired effect is not achieved, factors such as barriers to communication are explored, with the intention being to discover how the communication has been ineffective. We give importance to the communicator who has influence over language and whose personality is effective. We can’t ignore effects of use of language and personality in communication References: Jadhav B.S. and Others (Ed.), ‘ Radiance: Communication Skills Prose and Poetry” Orient BlackSwan, 2009. Storm Paula, “Personality Psychology and the Workplace”, MLA Forum, 2006 Tengse Ajay & others(Ed), ‘ The Spectrum: An Anthology of English Prose, Grammar and Communication Skills’ Mc Millan, Mumbai. 2013. e-sources http://dralizadeh.iauq.ac.ir/imagesMasterPage/Files/ dralizadeh/file/chapter14.pdf h t t p : / / w w w. a b l o n g m a n . c o m / s a m p l e c h a p t e r / 0205798780.pdf

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39

Telephonic Conversation

Syeda Ayesha Anjum Shiri Shivaji College, Parbhani Introduction Communication, which is one of our most basic needs, is the process of conveying our thoughts, ideas and feelings to other using verbal as well as non verbal signals. It involves sending and receiving information using a medium that is understood by both the sender and receiver so that is communication between them. We are constantly communicating with others for different purposes in all spheres of our life at home, School work and within Community. Telephonic Conversation Telephonic communication is a most important medium of communication in today‘s world Mobile Phone became a basic need of human beings. Now a days Mobile Phones are in large use because we carried it along with us anywhere it provide facility to contact anyone with in country or abroad at any time . People write letter to communicates with each other in previous time but now mobile phones have replaced informal letter writing to considerable extent. When we communicates with each other with the help of landline or cell phone talk we must know ‘Telephone Manners’ we should follow some rules while talking on telephone. ? Before making a call we should be sure of the number that we are dialing and then dial it properly and correctly. ? When we make the call, confirm the number introduce our self by tellling our name and ask for the person whom we want to speak for example. Meena: Hello, is it 227555? Im meena calling/speaking may I speak to Seema, please Soft Skill and Personality Development

Sneha: Hello I m Sneha calling from Aurangabad can I talk to Pooja please? Dr Sondge: Hello I m Dr Sondge from Shri Shivaji College.Could I Speak to professor Saleem Mohiuddin please? Our language should be very polite we when we are talking on telephone. We should avoid Many people ring up and ask What number it is who is speaking or Pooja? All there types are considered as bad manners because we have dialed the number and so we must to know the number. We cannot ask number to the received person. If we have dialed the number, we should introduce our self first and not ask the name of the person on other side we cannot be sure that telephone will be picked up by the same person whom we are trying to talk. So we cannot directly say ‘Pooja’ because any body from her family or office could pick up the receiver. We should introduce our self, ask for the person we want to talk to if by mistake it is a wrong number, we always should apologies. I’m Sorry to have disturb you Apologise me for disturbing you, Sorry Extremely Sorry to have disturbed you When we are receiving the telephone call and we are working in an office give the number or the name of our office. Hello, This is 227445. Hello, Sanjeevni Hospital. Hello, Kothari pvt limited.

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Taking and leaving messages Communication thus forms an important and inSome time when we answer a phone call or make tegral port of our lives. one, the person who is needed is either not available or Reference is busy and cannot take the call at that time caller can (1) Radiance: Communication skills, Prose and Poetry. leave a message. (2) The Spectrum: An Anthology of Making inquiries on the Phone English,Prose,Poetry,Grammar and CommunicaWe often need to use the telephone to get some tion. information or make inquiry to find out for example Website: www.blackswan.com www.macmillaneducation.co.in the time of arrival of a train or the last date for the sale of application form or whether classes will be held on a particular days in doing this we have to be clear brief and polite this will make it ease for us to get information we want. Railway inquiry:- Good morning, Railway inquiry Caller: Could you tell me when Devigiri Express to Mumbai leaves please. Railway inquiry:- At 2:30 pm in afternoon sir Caller:- Is it a daily train? Railway inquiry:- Yes sir Caller:- Thank you very much. Railway inquiry:- Well come, Sir. When we are receiving the telephone call and we are at office be very care full to we cannot offered to be care less in receiving and reporting messages it is always a good thing to keep a letter pad or at least a note book and a pen or pencil near the telephone so we can take down the messages and pass them to the person concerned. If we cannot hear the other person on the phone properly we should politely ask him/her to repeat what/ he has said While asking about a person to be talked always address as Mr/Mrs/Dr. But when you are giving your name,don‘t use,Mr,Mrs,Dr,etc Conclusion We should follow certain rules when we are talking on telephone. We should follow all the manners of telephone communication and make communication very effective, Effective communication result in cooperative where as weak or faulty communication leads to misunderstanding and failure to achieve the speakers objective. (111) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

40

Paragraph Structure in Effective Writing Skills

Deshmukh, J.N. Asst. Prof. S.S.S. Pawar College, Purna, Dist. Parbhani. Introduction Writing is a productive skill. It is usually expected to be logical and properly organized compared to recorded materials; the volume of writing is far too greater. Writing can be preserved and can last for a long time. It can be read and re-read by a person(s) who can read. Therefore writing must be careful and effective. Use of appropriate words and structures, it is necessary to study the various shades of meaning of words and the contexts in which they can use. The order in which words are placed is also significant. Emphasizing in various grammatical mechanism. Writing involves giving appropriate information, expressing ideas, making arguments, stating things and developing a consistent stretch of language. Sub-skills of writing skills: 1. Knowledge of English grammar, 2. Necessary vocabulary, 3. Punctuation, 4. Sentence structure and having ideas and 5. Developing one’s point(s). Achieving purpose of writing Achieve maximum communication, language should be simple and direct, avoid irrelevance, and write to the point and precisely. Paragraph structure The paragraph is only of visual things; it is a unit of writing that begins with an indentation a series of sentences put together for the convenience of the reader. The paragraph is a sequence of related sentences that deal with one central idea. This central thought or controlling idea is the most important thing to be considSoft Skill and Personality Development

ered in writing good paragraph. Characteristics of effective paragraph: Unity: The topic sentences states the controlling idea to which everything else in the paragraph must relate. A paragraph has unity when its controlling idea is clearly stated and clearly related to that controlling idea. The unity of a paragraph is achieved through the use of connectives which link sentences and make transition from one thought to another smooth. Linking phrases or linking words like ‘consequently’, ‘hence’, ‘as’, ‘since’, ‘because’, ‘therefore’, ‘however’, ‘first’, etc which blind sentences together should have been used. Coherence The sentences within a paragraph are linked smoothly so as to provide the reader with an evident progression from beginning to end. Adequate development A good paragraph provides the reader with sense of wholeness and completeness with no unanswered questions and no loose ends. Basic structure of a good paragraph Topic sentences, body and concluding sentences Types of paragraphs: Descriptive paragraphs A good description enables the readers to recreate in their mind an adequate mental picture of the thing described. Use a variety of adjectives while giving a description of a particular thing. Narrative paragraph Narration refers to an account of some person experience. The sentences in a narrative paragraph follow chronological order.

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Expository paragraph Expository paragraph means explaining or making something clear. In these paragraphs, ides are arranged in a logical order. Types of expository paragraphs 1. Division and classification, 2. Illustration, 3. Cause and effects, 4. Comparison, 5. Contracts and 6. Definition. General guidelines for writing effective paragraph structure 1. Maximum ideas thrown together in a paragraph may confuse the reader. Therefore, don’t overload paragraph with too many ideas. 2. Keep things simple. Never burden reader with the work of making connections which have omitted.


3. Vary sentences structure and length, the basic sentence in English has a very simple structure i.e. Subject-Verb-Object (SVO). 4. Make sure that ideas flow smoothly, in a logical order. 5. Finally, make sure that information is relevant and well organized. References 1. Patil, Z.N 2000, English for Practical Purposes: Macmillan India Limited. 2. Gokhle Shridhar 1999, Developing Your English: Frank Bros.&co 3. Harold B. Allen 1972, Teaching English as Second Language: TATA McGROW-Hill Publishing Company Ltd. 4. M.Bhaskaran 1973, Strengthen Your English: Oxford Uni.Press

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41

New Trends in Group Discussion

Suyog S. Dodal Head, Dept. of English Adarsh College, Hingoli

S. U. Fulsawange Assistant Professor of English College of Agriculture, Kolhapur

A group discussion is thus widely used by many organizations as it serves as a variant of the personality test and helps in evaluating several candidates at the same time in one go. The group discussion test was initially introduced in the West for selecting officers for the armed forces and is now widely used in services selection boards all over India. Over time, this practice has come to be adopted in governmental and private organizations as well. No matters what or sphere of life it is, but every participant, who wish to join a government or private organization, encounters a very high standard and level of competition. Moreover, group discussion has a edge over other methods of judging a participant’s potential which his or her curriculum vitae, written test or interview cannot do. In a group discussion, the participants’ behavior and leadership qualities when interacting in a group come to the fore. Group discussion is a method used by organization to gauge certain personality traits and skills in communication that they desire when selecting or hiring a candidate for a job. It is, in other words, a simulated exercise in conversation in which several candidates in a group participate and express their views on a subject of controversial nature. Herein each candidate expresses his or her views on topic or subject given a few minutes prior to the actual discussion by the evaluators or prospective employers. It is not preplanned but is spontaneous discussion among strangers. It helps to check out how she or he behaves, participates and contributes in a group; How much Soft Skill and Personality Development

importance he or she gives to the group objective as well as his or her own; how well he or she listen to view points of others; and how open minded he is she is in accepting views contrary to his or her own. Thus, in other words, the various aspects of group discussion are verbal communication, non-verbal behavior, conforming to norms, decision-making ability and cooperation. A talk by a person to oneself is a soliloquy or a monologue; a talk between two persons, say the interviewer and the interviewee is a one-to-one discussion or dialogue; and a group discussion has more than one or two persons engaged in a discussion in the presence of an evaluator. The participant has to be well versed in the subject to be discussed, be able to foresee what possible questions might be raised and thereafter articulate his or her views. He or she should be alert and prompt enough to answer questions and argue or counter argue. Here acquisition of knowledge and information on possible topics of discussion come handy. The knowledge acquired after watching, reading and pondering should be applied to various types of situation, questions and scenarios that may arise. Participating in a group discussion is an art which every individual aspiring to be an officer of any grade or in order to reach the post of a manager or executive or any key appointment and be selected for training in a professional or a specialized course desired. This is because officers at various levels have to participate in meetings, seminars and conferences where they may be expected to express their views extempore on the

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topic under discussion. Here let it be understood that there is a vital difference between public speaking and group discussion because many among us tend to confuse the two. In public speaking, you can keep on speeking whatever you want to convey but there is no public participation, except to applaud or show disinterest, whereas in a group discussion, you face a dynamic situation where the participants express divergent views on the topic of discussion. It calls for concentrated attention to what is being discussed and listening to the views of others before making on-the-spot changes or modification in your own views for presentation. Here, here you may have to change your views and concepts as per the group dynamics and interaction. No matter what field or sphere of life it is, but every participant, who wishes to join a government or private organization, encounters a very high standard and level of competition. Moreover, group discussion has an edge over other methods of judging a participant’s potential which his or her curriculum vitae, written test or interview cannot do. In a group discussion, the participant’s behavior and leadership qualities when interacting in a group come to the fore. A group discussion is generally conducted after the written test to find out how you behave, participate and contribute in a group, how much importance you give to the organization’s objectives and how well you listen to others’ viewpoints before expressing your own. Organization encourage members of a group to express their ideas on given subject at short notice and ask them to the solution to a problem. This arouses the interest and stimulate the thinking process of the members of the group, thus encourage them to discuss a subject of controversial nature in a dispassionate manner and by maintaining one’s cool. “The basic aim of a group discussion is to evaluate the effectiveness of a candidate in a group activity by means Soft Skill and Personality Development

of team spirit and communication skills displayed by him during the discussion” (1 p15). Group Discussion is a test of your ability to think, your analytical capabilities and your ability to make your point in a team-based environment. A group discussion refers to a set of persons brought together to express their opinion and to the subsequent exchange of views on the allocated subject “Group discussion is a way of gauging whether you as a candidate or participant possess certain personality traits and skills that are desired by the organization “( 2p15). The primary aim of a group discussion is to find how you function as a part of a team, be it as a member or as the leader. Therefore, your interaction in a team becomes an important criterion for selection in a company or an organization. You will need to work in a team and show the best result possible in a group. This is one of the main reasons why management institutes include group discussion as a component of the selection process. A group discussion may be used either as a screening test to find out your innate qualities of leadership, comprehension, free speaking and taking a stand on any issue or as a test for competency. Hence a group discussion is a logical extension of admission tests held to assess a candidate’s overall personality, his or her in depth understanding of the topic, self confidence, attitude, ability to take initiatives in the discussion, presence of mind in crisis management and style of talking. Thus, in short, the purpose of a group discussion is manifold and helps to judge the inter-personal skills of the participants and judje how he or she interacts with the others, besides revealing his or her team spirit and leadership qualities. It also gauges the candidate’s style of communication and presentation. It discovers the type of temperament and nature of the candidate and his or her ability to cope with the dynamics of the

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situation. It also finds the personality of the candidatewhether he or she is self-assured and can assert himself or herself if he or she is right. The style and process of conducting a group discussion may very but the purpose is same. The group discussion process generally adopted by B-school for selection of candidates. Generally a group is made up of about eight to ten, and in some cases up to 16, persons chosen randomly from the list of candidates shortlisted, as it is difficult to judge a number of candidates in a limited space of time. Normally two to three minutes to every participant in a group of ten are allotted to make mental assessment of the topic to be discussed; however, the group is often told to start right away. Nevertheless, if it is a matter for case studies, then 15 to 20 minutes may be given. The discussion is normally in a semi-circular or a round –table seating arrangement, with the candidates facing each other. The seating arrangement may be fixed in advance or there may be free seating. At the end, a summary of the discussion is usually made by each candidate. A group discussion has two essential aspects and these include the content or the theme of the discussion and how topic is started, presented and ended. Content is a combination of knowledge and the ability to create coherent, logical arguments on the basis of that knowledge. Quality of content and style of presentation, including what is said and how it is said, are very essential. There are most important skills used during the group discussion. As the saying goes, ‘Personality makes a man’, it is necessary to cast a first good impact. The movement of the limbs and body should be relaxed and normal, positive and alert. The candidate’s body language, voice and manners play a effective role. You must dress neatly and should not be conscious of the interviewer or the panel members. Communication skill Soft Skill and Personality Development

How do you communicate your viewpoint to others? While judging this, not only is the verbal interaction taken into consideration, but the non-verbal cues are also paid attention to. The verbal part displays the clarity of thought of a person, and whether the same is communicated to others. Aptness of language is also judged through verbal communication. The non-verbal part includes ones expressions and body language. Many a times individuals get angry if they do not get a chance to speak or if their viewpoint is not agreed upon. One should remember that a GD is not a debate, but merely a discussion. So, one should not display anger by shouting, thumping the desk or any similar act. Also, each person’s viewpoint matters, and thus should be paid attention to. Listening skill The ability of a person to listen to others is very important in a group discussion. So, one should try to avoid interrupting others. Also, one should maintain eye contact with the speaker to demonstrate that one is listening. This also help in getting cues about when is the speaker going to stop. This is the chance to start making a point. This initiated statement, if related to the previous speakers point, catches the attention of the moderator. This is because agreeing, disagreeing or elaborating on the previous speakers’ point ensures that one had been paying attention to what others said. Speaking without listening to others makes a person a bad team player and thus such a person is difficult to work with. While summarizing also, a person who takes into consideration everybody’s opinion, gets brownie points. Reasoning skills One has to speak relevant to the topic. In the short span of a GD, if a person can analyze the topic or what others have spoken and paraphrase the same, then it indicates that a person’s reasoning skills are good. To do this, every opinion and especially the topic has to

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be paid attention to. Leadership skills A person, who is able to manoeuvre the flow of the discussion, is named the leader. A leader also encourages opinions from all the members. She/he should be able to motivate the other members to follow him in the discussion. Initiation Initiative taken by a person shows his/her inclination to do work. A person who initiates the GD can make a favorable first impression by making a valid point. But, if an initiator does not do his job well (stutter or quote wrong fact or figure) then the damage done can be irreparable. Assertiveness A person should make his point in a convincing manner so that others buy his point. Flexibility Many speakers just stick to their argument and dismiss others’ opinions. In order to work in a group, a person should be flexible. Moreover, a group discussion is done to elicit the best course of action. Therefore, if someone makes a better point than another, the other person should be flexible enough to accept it. Awareness A GD also demonstrates the awareness of individuals. Reading is required to enhance awareness and


make a good impression. This paper offers comprehensive coverage of the standard agenda, an approach that works for any problem-solving discussion. It emphasizes the creative potential of individuals and urge them to apply that creative to their discussions, including imaginative ways to foster equal participation, inventive gathering of background information and critical assessment of potential solutions to a problem. The prerequisites for preparation such as knowledge of the subject, importance of listening, presentation, initation, body language, communication skills and co-operation is also discussed for group discussion. Reference Gupta, Manju/Dr Jha, Prem Kant : Group Discussion, New Delhi, Mahaveer Publicstion, 2009 Jefferson, Richard : Learn the Art of Group Discussions, Chandigarh, Abhishek, 2005. Kumar, Sankaran : Group Discussion and Public Speaking, Agra, M. I. Publications, 2007. Jain, Dr. V. K : Business Communication, New Delhi, S. Chand & Company LTD. 2007. Raman, Meemakshi : Business Communication, New Delhi, Oxford University Press,2009. Rai, Urmila : Business Communication, Mumbai, Himalaya Publishing House, 2009. www.wikipidea/group discussion

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42

Understanding the Process of Effective Communication to have the Effective Communication

Dr. Machindra S. Khandagale Department of English Dayanand College of Arts, Latur Abstract Effective communication is all about conveying your messages to other people clearly and unambiguously. It’s also about receiving information that others are sending to you, with as little distortion as possible. Regardless of the size of business you are in – whether a large corporation, a small company, or even a home-based business – effective communication skills are essential for success. We start with a look at some of the key ideas behind successful communication, and offer a brief quiz that helps you evaluate how effectively you communicate, so that you can identify the areas you should focus on for improvement. The articles that follow help you develop the skills you need to produce effective and inspiring spoken, written and electronic communications to individuals and groups. Key Words: Communication, electronic communication sender, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, feedback,context Effective communication is all about conveying your messages to other people clearly and unambiguously. It’s also about receiving information that others are sending to you, with as little distortion as possible. Doing this involves effort from both the sender of the message and the receiver. And it’s a process that can be fraught with error, with messages muddled by the sender, or misinterpreted by the recipient. When this isn’t detected, it can cause tremendous confusion, wasted effort and missed opportunity. In fact, communication is only successful when both the sender and the receiver understand the same information as a result of the communication. By Soft Skill and Personality Development

successfully getting your message across, you convey your thoughts and ideas effectively. When not successful, the thoughts and ideas that you actually send do not necessarily reflect what you think, causing a communications breakdown and creating roadblocks that stand in the way of your goals – both personally and professionally. In a recent survey of recruiters from companies with more than 50,000 employees, communication skills were cited as the single more important decisive factor in choosing managers. The survey, conducted by the University of Pittsburgh’s Katz Business School, points out that communication skills, including written and oral presentations, as well as an ability to work with others, are the main factor contributing to job success. In spite of the increasing importance placed on communication skills, many individuals continue to struggle, unable to communicate their thoughts and ideas effectively – whether in verbal or written format. This inability makes it nearly impossible for them to compete effectively in the workplace, and stands in the way of career progression. Being able to communicate effectively is therefore essential if you want to build a successful career. To do this, you must understand what your message is, what audience you are sending it to, and how it will be perceived. You must also weigh-in the circumstances surrounding your communications, such as situational and cultural context. Problems with communication can pop-up at every stage of the communication process (which consists of the sender, encoding, the channel, decoding, the receiver, feedback and the context – see the diagram

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including letters, emails, memos and reports. Different channels have different strengths and weaknesses. For example, it’s not particularly effective to give a long list of directions verbally, while you’ll quickly cause problems if you give someone negative feedback using email. E. Decoding... Just as successful encoding is a skill, so is successful decoding (involving, for example, taking the time to read a message carefully, or listen actively to it.) Just as confusion can arise from errors in encoding, To be an effective communicator and to get your it can also arise from decoding errors. This is point across without misunderstanding and confusion, particularly the case if the decoder doesn’t have enough your goal should be to lessen the frequency of problems knowledge to understand the message. at each stage of this process, with clear, concise, F. Receiver... accurate, well-planned communications. We follow the Your message is delivered to individual members process through below: of your audience. No doubt, you have in mind the A. Source... actions or reactions you hope your message will get As the source of the message, you need to be clear from this audience. Keep in mind, though, that each of about why you’re communicating, and what you want these individuals enters into the communication process to communicate. You also need to be confident that with ideas and feelings that will undoubtedly influence the information you’re communicating is useful and their understanding of your message, and their accurate. response. To be a successful communicator, you should B. Message... consider these before delivering your message, and act The message is the information that you want to appropriately. communicate. G. Feedback... C. Encoding... Your audience will provide you with feedback, as This is the process of transferring the information verbal and nonverbal reactions to your communicated you want to communicate into a form that can be sent message. Pay close attention to this feedback, as it is and correctly decoded at the other end. Your success in the only thing that can give you confidence that your encoding depends partly on your ability to convey audience has understood your message. If you find that information clearly and simply, but also on your ability there has been a misunderstanding, at least you have to anticipate and eliminate sources of confusion (for the opportunity to send the message a second time. example, cultural issues, mistaken assumptions, and H. Context... missing information.) The situation in which your message is delivered A key part of this is knowing your audience: Failure to is the context. This may include the surrounding understand who you are communicating with will result environment or broader culture (corporate culture, in delivering messages that are misunderstood. international cultures, and so on). D. Channel... To deliver your messages effectively, you must Messages are conveyed through channels, with commit to breaking down the barriers that exist within verbal channels including face-to-face meetings, each of these stages of the communication process. telephone and videoconferencing; and written channels Let’s begin with the message itself. If your message is (119) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

below). At each stage, there is the potential for misunderstanding and confusion.

too lengthy, disorganized, or contains errors, you can satisfaction/dissatisfaction with subordinates. expect the message to be misunderstood and Communication Quarterly, 37, 81–90. Print. misinterpreted. Use of poor verbal and body language Kenworthy, Joanne. 1994. Teaching English can also confuse the message. Pronunciation. Longman. Print. Barriers in context tend to stem from senders M. Ediger Marlow. 2004. Teaching English. offering too much information too fast. When in doubt Successfully. Discovery Publishing House. India. Print. here, less is oftentimes more. It is best to be mindful of McCroskey, J. C. 1984. The communication the demands on other people’s time, especially in apprehension perspective. In J. A. Daly & J. C. Print. today’s ultra-busy society. Once you understand this, Norton, R. W. 1978. Foundations of a communicator you need to work to understand your audience’s culture, style construct. Human Communication Research, 4, making sure you can converse and deliver your message 99–112. Print. to people of different backgrounds and cultures within Tewari,Richa. LSRW Skills for Undergraduates. ELT your own organization, in your country and even Voices India, February 2011 ISSN : 2230-9136. Print. abroad. In the present scenario professionals certainly need effective and impressive communication skills. There is a great need to frame course materials and develop methods and strategies so as to enhance communication skills of undergraduates. Students require communication skills to express and share their experience, knowledge, ideas and thoughts in an effective manner and to harness a better understanding and harmony for the common benefit of the society. Communication skills thus can be developed by rigorous training programmes and a lot of practice work. It requires persistent efforts. It is possible by applying various methods discussion in the classes, studying famous speeches, mastering the art of oral presentation and by active participation in presentations, seminars, workshops, conferences, group discussions, etc. References: Anderson, C. M., & Martin, M. M. 1995. The effects of communication motives, interaction involvement, and loneliness on satisfaction: A model of small groups. Small Group Research, 26, 118–137. Print. Daly, J. A. 2002. Personality and interpersonal communication. In M. L. Knapp & J. A. Daly (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal communication (3rd ed., pp. 133–180). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Print. Infante, D. A., & Gorden,W. I. 1989. Argumentativeness and affirming communicator style as predictors of (120) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

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ABCs of Presentation Skill

Girish Kousadikar Head, Department of English B.Raghunath ACS College, Parbhani

Dr. Rajesh Latane Principal, Arts & Commerce College, Chakan In this age of cut throat competition, one has to prove his/her candidature worthy rather better to the expectation level of employer. Here a little variation in positive manner really matters. This variation is something other than educational qualification or good academic record and that is nothing but skills strongly required for leading healthy and successful life in organizational context. These skills are soft skills. Each one of us is blessed with two kinds of skills; hard skills and soft skill. Hard skills are the academic and practical skill obtained through formal education. It is the core of professional competency for a particular job. On the complementary side instead of contrary side, Soft skills refer to the cluster of personality traits, social graces, language skills etc. Soft skills are occupying unavoidable place not only in organizational context but also in various spheres of life. These are social skills required for better interpersonal relations. As Moss and Tilly comprehensively defines soft skills as, “Soft skills,” which are defined as skills, abilities, and traits that pertain to personality, attitude and behavior rather than to formal or technical knowledge” (Moss and Tilly, 2001, p.44) This definition clarifies that soft skills reflects one’s inner abilities and unrevealed aspects of personality which are not always visible through educational qualification in the forms of degrees. In organizational sector, effective executive is not defined only by technical expertise or the ability to memorize and reproduce technical specifications. It is evaluated by his/her ability and soft skills he possessed Soft Skill and Personality Development

to maintain good interpersonal relations with the staff. To establish and to maintain interpersonal relation, one must have effective presentation skill. The term presentation is not restricted to formal situations only. The presentation is a part and parcel of your daily life irrespective of situation. To become a professional and successful presenter, one has to incorporate certain WH questions. The famous English poet, Rudyard Kipling beautifully quotes in his poem about these WH question as, I keep six honest serving men (They taught me all I knew) ÿþý Their names are What and Why and When And How and Where and Who. (I keep six honest serving men) ÿþý ÿþýü

ÿþýüýûúùúø÷û

ÿþýüý

ÿþýü

þýÿ

A professional presenter has to pacify these WH questions through his presentation. If you divide your presentation into these six parts, your presentation will be comprehensive and useful. Let’s discuss one by one. 1. WHO: You should understand your target audience on the grounds of gender, age and financial condition. The only way to relate your audience is to address their

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needs and concerns. Once you are successful in relatWorks cited ing your audience, they will be familiar with you and Ø Barnes & Noble How to Become A Successful Public Speaker, 2011, e-book familiarity has its own appeal. You have to profile http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/how-to-become-ayour audience well. Dress up as per occasion and role successful-public-speaker-wings-of-success/ to be played by keeping in mind your audience. 1105146611?ean=2940013055698 2. WHAT : Ø www.kipling.org.uk/poems_serving.html “What” is the soul of your presentation. You Ø Moss, P., Tilly, C. (1996). Soft’ skills and race: should be very clear about the issues to be presented An investigation of black men’s employment problems. and message to be conveyed. It answers the reason Work and Occupations, 23(3), 252–276 behind the presentation on both the sides as a speaker and as a listener. 3. WHEN : It is yet another important question referring to time. “When” should clarify and stress the time line for audience to take an action. e.g. If you appeal audience to join the course or a scheme in such a way that they will turn up in huge numbers to enroll themselves immediately. 4. WHERE : Where should provide the place of problem and the location of solution. “Where” works as adverbial of place. This should lead your audience to find out a place of relief and problematic area to avoid in future. 5. WHY: It is said that every human action is motivated to gain either monetary returns or honor. It explains why the audience should listen to you and take action suggested by you. Your presentation has a certain motif. It deals with the motivating factors in prompting your audience to act. “Why” answers critical enquiry related to the topic. 6. HOW: Last but not the least is “How” which deals with the process. The theoretical discussion is completed through above questions. Now step by step directions are prescribed under this section. If “What” is the soul then “How” is the body of your presentation. In nutshell, to become a successful, professional and reliable speaker in all walks of life, present yourself neatly. It is essential for you to incorporate these questions and address the concerns of the audience in your presentation. (122) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

44

Recent Trends in Modes of Communication

Dnyanoba Mundhe Head, Dept. of English Sharda Mahavidyalaya, Parbhani According to Webster’s New world Dictionary the word ‘Communication’ is derived from Latin word ‘Communicare’ or ‘Communicate’ which means ‘to impart, to share or to make common’. ‘Communication’ is the art of transmitting or giving or exchanging of information, signals, or messages by talk, gestures, writing, etc’. Communication is an essential element to achieve success in any field. It may be written or spoken, verbal or non – verbal, pictorial or graphic. Listening, speaking, reading, writing, body expressions, colours, ideas, facts opinions, information and other means all allow individuals to communicate his views with others. Communication is essential to human beings, animals and all other live things. It is as essential as food and water for hunger. Most modern communication devices have changed the process of communication. In every office technological advancements and changes are taking place rapidly, few months new devices are becoming old. Machines like Computers, fax, Telephones, mobiles are becoming routine in the common man’s life. Old means of Communications are being replaced by the new technology. This paper aims to explore the use of new models and technologies of Communication. There are several modern means of communications which are being used by the people in their daily routine use. Telex Telex is a worldwide Teletype service providing instantaneous Communication through a direct dial teleprinter to teleprinter System. Message can be sent and received any time of the day. It can be used through the telegraph office. The direct dial teleprinter machine can be used to send and receive message. When the sender types a message on his machine at the same time the same message gets typed on receiver’s machine also. There is no problem of viruses in the machine.


Fax A facsimile or fax, is a type of copier which sends an original document, typed or hand written, electronically from one place to another place. It is an electronic medium of communication, using it any one can send message from one place to another place. In it exact document or picture can be received or send. Only difference between photocopy machine and fax is that fax can send message at any place and photo copy machine can’t send it. Transmission of messages through Fax has become popular because it is very easy to operate and one can use copies without any further process. Electronic Mail Electronic mail is popularly known as e-mail. It is a message which is sent electronically from one place to another by using computer. It is a simple and easy way of transmitting or seeking information. It requires telephone lines of a private network. There is no need of paper work because messages is created and send by the computer. For sending e-mail one needs personal computer and internet connection. Messages proceed across various computers till it rich the e-mail box at the destination. If the receiver is not available the message bounces back to the sender. It helps to increase the accuracy and efficiency. User of this system can contact anybody at anytime. E-mail is faster than conventional mail or facsimile transmission and faster and more versatile than Telex. E-mail is not only use of text but also in sending sound, image, video etc. Internet Internet is a vast globally connected network which communicates with each other using a common computer language called protocol. Apart from e-mail, the World Wide Web (www) is the latest vehicle of business available on the internet. The internet is a source of in-

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formation that can be used by millions of people across the world. It contains data in different forms like text, sound and graphics and people can access it by paying. Today internet user are grown from one million to more than thirty million. Video Conferencing Video Conferencing enables two or more parties to meet at a particular time. The most important benefit is that flexibility of location is offered. The current models of video conferencing equipped the user of not only communicating but with also various advanced features such as making presentations, drawing diagrams, holding conference, solving problems. Most of the advanced training centers are using it through all over the world Cellular Phones Cellular phones, popularly known as mobile phones, are one of the modern means of communication device. It is most popular means of communication. It is a cordless phone that’s why one can use it at any place and any time where there is network. It is not only easy to use but chief also. This phone is designed on the most advanced and most popular digital system. The mobile telephone network is divided into cells, each one controlled by a radio base station i.e. GSM. Today Android operating system has changed the lifestyle of the people; everyone is using smart mobile phones for communication. The video calls can be done by using smart phones. A videophone enables the caller to see as well as hear the person at the other end. Facebook Facebook, founded in February 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg and his friends Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes, is an online social networking service. The founders had initially limited the website’s membership to Harvard Students, but now anyone who claims to be at least 13 years old to become a registered user of the website. After registering, user may create a personal profile, add other users as friends, exchange messages, and receive automatic notifications when they update their profile. In addition to it users may join common – interest user groups, organized by workplace, school or college. In January, the company has about 1.15 billion monthly users. It is the most used social networking service by


worldwide monthly active users. Linkedin Linkedin, founded in December 2002 and launched on May 5, 2003, is a social networking website for people in professional occupations. It is mainly used by the registered members having some level of relationship, called Connections to maintain a list of contact, details of people. It is also used to find jobs, people and business opportunities recommend by someone in one’s contact network. WhatsApp Messenger It is a proprietary, cross-platform instant messaging subscription service for smart phones with internet access. In addition to text messaging, users can send images, video and audio media messages to each other. WhatsApp, founded in 2009 by American Brian Acton and Ukrainian Jan Koum, is being used to send billion of messages per day. In a December 2013, WhatsApp claimed that 400 million active users use the service each month. WeChat WeChat is a mobile text and voice messaging communication service developed by Tencent in China in January 2011. It provides multimedia communication with text messaging, Hold-to-Talk voice messaging, broadcast messaging, photo-video sharing, location sharing and contact information exchange. All the technological developments and devices are very useful for communication. With such new technological advancements we are doing progress and we arrived at a wireless and paperless communication stage. Modern means of communication are the most necessary part of modern lifestyle. They play very important role in our day to day life. References 1. www.wikipedia.org 2. Prof. Shaikh, B.M., Communication Skill, Vidya Prakashan, Nagpur, 2008. 3. Prof. Dr. Kadvekar S.V. and Prof. Ravindra Kothavade, Business Communication, Diamond Publications, Pune, 2009. 4. Patil Z.N. and Valke B.S., English for Practical Purposes, Macmillan India Limited, Chennai 2008.

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Study of the Useful Techniques to Develop Purposive Listening (Skill) of the Students

Dr Sandip Pandurangrao Chavan Department of English Shahid Bhagatsingh Mahavidyalaya, Killari, Dist. Latur Abstract: In the globalized backdrop, good LSRW skills are the keys to unlock the doors to success. These skills help to build strong relationship and better understanding which are so vital in our personal and professional life. We were given two ears but only one mouth. This is because God knew that listening was twice as hard as talking. People need to practice and acquire skills to be good listeners, because a speaker cannot throw you information in the same manner that a dart player tosses a dart at a passive dartboard. Information is an intangible substance that must be sent by the speaker and received by an active listener. The professional profile of a modern qualified should include well-developed communication skills and high English language proficiency to help him achieve success in the modern highly competitive global work arena. Making students listen to an English conversation, showing English documentaries in the classroom, broadcasting programmes, activating the College English board, reading famous sayings related to listening skills and rewarding the super listener after giving the students a challenging listening quiz may be advantageous to undergraduates these and other activities to improve students’ listening skills are also discussed in this research paper. Key words: LSRW, communication, proficiency, intangible, etc Teaching is a profession that demands a collaboration of mind, heart and spirit. Teaching English as a foreign language in primary class calls Soft Skill and Personality Development

attention to people with involvement, dedication and love for children. English is becoming more accepted as an International language. In India, it has become more or less a part of the primary curriculum. Every parent is keen to send his or her child to study in a school where importance is given to development of English language. Unfortunately, in our country the non-native speakers of English teach English to children. Although they are trained teachers, with a teaching degree, they may not be trained language teachers. On the other hand in small cities in India the students, who are admitted into the schools where English is taught and due importance is given to the language, are from backgrounds where they are first or second generation learners. The students are sent to school with high hopes from the parents who do not posses the ability to help them in acquiring this foreign language at home. Hence, the task of the teacher becomes all the more difficult and complicated. They will have to equip themselves to face the required standards of teaching the language. Teaching is an art and every teacher has a personal style and specific belief about the ways children learn. I would say there is no prescription for getting control of ones teaching method. There are numerous ways a teacher can equip her / him and improve drastically to face the challenges of an English language teacher. Teachers can follow certain things to improve teaching – learning process. I. Teachers ideally, should remain receptive to new ideas and changes in education throughout their careers. II. Reading plays a major role. It spreads knowledge

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and banishes ignorance. Hunger for the latest information, experiments and research should be carried out in the classroom based on reading. Updating oneself with the latest teaching methodologies and education seminars is required. III. Attending Conferences, Workshops, Teacher development programs, rejuvenates, enhances and promotes oneself. It gives opportunity to become more resourceful and imaginative. The teacher is assisted to look at what he / she has taught and can refresh ones mechanical teaching. IV. Talking with colleagues helps one to exchange and share their knowledge and learn new techniques. Ex.: Colleagues observation of one’s class will help him / her to get a direct feedback regarding the use of teaching method, shift of methods while teaching, language use, students’ comprehension and involvement in the topic, ways of interaction and many more. 1. Game Based Model Activities for the Development of the Four Fold Skills : Children enjoy games. The aim of introducing a lesson through games is to introduce fun learning in the Classroom. Learning language should be made enjoyable experience. This also enhances the retention capability of students. The teacher can easily make materials for games physically or on computers. Games will certainly break the monotony in the learning process and make teaching and learning lively and interestingly. Students should be actively engaged in the following activities: Ex.: Crossword puzzles, Story puzzles, Guessing words, Forming dialogues, Forming sentences, Problem solving, Matching words, Gridograms…etc. Language learning involves linking the four skills Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing. To motivate the children and make learning interesting and fruitful, teachers can adopt the Play-way Method / Activitybased Method and Practical Learning. Soft Skill and Personality Development

Play-way Method / Activity-based Method and Practical Learning Play-way Method helps Language and Communication. It fosters curiosity, the ability to ask questions, the need to listen, singing, repeat words etc. Children learn in a best way when they participate in these activities. They are encouraged in what they do and are rewarded adequately. Learning and playing seems to be two facts of the same reality. Some Principles of a Play-based Curriculum C o-operation ? rather than ? competition H olistic development ? rather than ? cognitive learning alone I ndividuality c ? rather than ? conformity L earning as fun ? rather than ? teaching alone D oing to understand ? rather than ? rote learning [A] LISTENING SKILL: Listening is a most important skill in learning language. It is a basic skill through which a child learns each and everything so language is mainly learnt through listening. In other words listening requires careful attention to speech. Listening is a major ground for speaking. We as the language teachers are not concerned with ‘Casual Listening’ which has no

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peculiar purpose in mind. We are concerned with ‘Focused Listening’ which is purposive and aims to get the information. In focused listening learners know what they are listening for and this helps them to listen. Here clear distinction must be made between listening and hearing. When we listen we made conscious attention to what is being said. The first skill that you can practice to be a good listener is to act like a good listener. We have spent a lot of our modern lives working at tuning out all of the information that is thrust at us. It therefore becomes important to change our physical body language from that of a deflector to that of a receiver, much like a satellite dish. Our faces contain most of the receptive equipment in our bodies, so it is only natural that we should tilt our faces towards the channel of information. A second skill is to use the other bodily receptors besides your ears. You can be a better listener when you look at the other person. Your eyes pick up the non-verbal signals that all people send out when they are speaking. By looking at the speaker, your eyes will also complete the eye contact that speakers are trying to make. A speaker will work harder at sending out the information when they see a receptive audience in attendance. Your eyes help complete the communication circuit that must be established between speaker and listener. When you have established eye and face contact with your speaker, you must then react to the speaker by sending out non-verbal signals. Your face must move and give the range of emotions that indicate whether you are following what the speaker has to say. By moving your face to the information, you can better concentrate on what the person is saying. Your face must become an active and contoured catcher of information. It is extremely difficult to receive information when your mouth is moving information out at the same Soft Skill and Personality Development

time. A good listener will stop talking and use receptive language instead. Use the I see . . . un hunh . . . oh really words and phrases that follow and encourage your speaker’s train of thought. This forces you to react to the ideas presented, rather than the person. You can then move to asking questions, instead of giving your opinion on the information being presented. It is a true listening skill to use your mouth as a moving receptor of information rather than a broadcaster. A final skill is to move your mind to concentrate on what the speaker is saying. You cannot fully hear their point of view or process information when you argue mentally or judge what they are saying before they have completed. An open mind is a mind that is receiving and listening to information. If you really want to listen, you will act like a good listener. Good listeners are good catchers because they give their speakers a target and then move that target to capture the information that is being sent. When good listeners don’t understand their speakers, they will send signals to the speaker about what they expect next, or how the speaker can change the speed of information delivery to suit the listener. Above all, a good listener involves all of their face to be an active moving listener. And moreover he always remembers the following points to be a good listener1. If you are really listening intently, you should feel tired after your speaker has finished. Effective listening is an active rather than a passive activity. 2. When you find yourself drifting away during a listening session, change your body position and concentrate on using one of the above skills. Once one of the skills is being used, the other active skills will come into place as well. 3. Your body position defines whether you will have the chance of being a good listener or a good deflector. Good listeners are like poor boxers: they lead with their faces.

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4. Meaning cannot just be transmitted as a tangible substance by the speaker. It must also be stimulated or aroused in the receiver. The receiver must therefore be an active participant for the cycle of communication to be complete. A good listener learns the language quicker and more efficiently. So it is very important to think of activities or techniques which will enable the learners to listen better and more efficiently. Some useful techniques, a teacher can use, to develop purposive listening of the students’ arei) Listening Recordings: Students use headphones and listen to the recorded information for 3 minutes. They remove the headphones and attempt the worksheet given bases on the recorded information. Simple objective type questions are attempted. Again the headphones are used and students listen to the same message and simultaneously self-correction is done. ii) Theatre Games for Students in Class: Focusing Energy through Fun: Teachers may use different theatre games to augment their lessons taught in the classroom. These games are designed to focus students’ energy to encourage listening, develop their confidence to encourage verbal participation, and cultivate their trust to foster openness. iii) Questions based on recordings: Students sit around a tape-recorder. The teacher plays a recorded story or message with suitable sound effects. Students listen, make the sounds, enjoy and learn the story. At the end, they answer the questions put to them by their teacher. Ex.: Story Puzzle : A farmer, who had a young goat, cut a huge bundle of grass and wanted to take both of them to the town across the river to sell. He had also captured a tiger, which he wanted to give to a zoo. The river could be Soft Skill and Personality Development

crosses only by using a small boat. This boat could carry only the weight of two persons at a time. Question : How did the farmer manage to cross the river? a) With goat first, b) With tiger first, c) With grass first, d) Pass iv) Games based on Listening Comprehension: Before the class session, choose a short article from a newspaper, magazine, or journal to share with the class. The subject is not important, but the article should have many details in it. Casually mention at the beginning of a class period that you will read an interesting article and would like to share it with them. Read the article to the class. After you have finished reading the article, ask questions based on the article you just heard. Have each student take out a blank sheet of paper. Ask students eight to ten questions based on details from the article. Ask them to write their answers on the sheet of paper. Have students switch papers and then tell them the answers. Ask students why they did not remember much after listening to the story. Discuss how they could improve their listening skills. v) Respond to the given situations: Students are asked to respond to the given situations, while one student responds other listen to him and think over their reaction on the same situation. Ex.: i) A friend has come to see you in your house. How will you offer him something to drink? ii) You are in post office. You need three stamps for a letter to the USA. What do you say? vi) Detecting Miscommunication due to Poor Listening Skills: Before the class session, choose different dialogues/statements and write them down on chits. Divide students into groups. There must be at least 6-7 members in each group. Call a member named A from any group. Offer him/her a chit to read silently. Then,

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A will go to B and whisper the dialogue of the chit into the ear of B; B will do the same to C, C to D and so on. The last member has to utter that dialogue aloud in front of everyone. Mistakes in pronunciation and poor listening skills often lead to miscommunication, and negatively affect the message that one delivers. vii) Crazy Story: Ask for three volunteers from the group to participate. Have the three volunteers lined up in a straight line in front of the rest of the group. Begin a story with a basic introduction. Once you complete the first sentence, the first person in the line has to pick up the story and ad lib. Every so often, call out “next” and the next person in the line has to pick up the story. Record the story with an audio recorder for future reference. After the game is complete; ask specific questions about the story that was just told. See how many people can remember the details of the story. Take time afterward to process with the entire team about the importance of listening and understanding. Every teacher instead of going with the same traditional heavy ways of teaching English language at different teaching-learning levels must find out the new joys techniques of teaching and learning to promote more interaction between teachers and students and language learning at the early stage of primary level will no more remain a nightmare for children. Finally, I would like to conclude by quoting Karen Gold’s research theory – “A pat on the back is worth a dozen curricular innovations at the Primary school level.” So, remember nothing works like praise from the teacher. Praise with a pat on the back is the best way to improve the pace to tangible learning. References : Bansal, R.K. 1969. The Intelligibility of Indian English. CIE Monograph 4. Print. Billows, F.L. 1962. The Techniques of Language Teaching. Longmans. Print. Soft Skill and Personality Development

D.Bhaskara Rao (ed.). 2000. Educational Aspirations and Scientific Attitudes. Discovery Publishing House. New Delhi. India. Print. French, G.G. 1975. Common Errors in English. OUP. London. Print. Kenworthy, Joanne. 1994. Teaching English Pronunciation. Longman. Print. Kitao, K.,Whydo we teach English? The TESL Journal, (1996). Print. Kripa K.Gautam. English Language Teaching. A Critical Study of methods & approaches. Harman Publishing House. Delhi. India. Print. Krishnaswami, N. and T. Sriraman. 1994. English Teaching in India. T. R. Publications. Madras. Print. M. Ediger Marlow. 2004. Teaching English. Successfully. Discovery Publishing House. India. Print. Quirk, R. 1963. A report on the Teaching of English in India : Mimeographed June 1963. Print. R. Tandon. A New Approach to Teaching of English in India. Tondon Publishing House. India. Print. Richards, Jack C. 2004. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. London : OUP. Print. Tewari,Richa. LSRW Skills for Undergraduates. ELT Voices India, February 2011 ISSN : 2230-9136. Print.

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46

Communication, Personality, and Soft Skills : An Overview

P.V. Takey Assistant Professor, Department of English, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani. Introduction From times immortal man’s recognition, reputation and survival (commercial) has been measured by the degree of his/her utility to society. Though we pursue different domains, the above formula is perpetually applied to our success or relative failure in our profession. We are free to choose any branch of knowledge theoretical, practical, skill based, etc. and satisfy our individuality but the utility formula makes it obligatory for us to understand the social milieu and to interact with society. Thus, individuality and sociability become two essentials of our being. Our academic education primarily takes care of our individuality and it can be measured in the form of makes, grades etc. But our sociability couldnot be mapped on these scales, with that much certainty. As society progresses changes occur in means and manners of production, consumption, and persuasion. Hence, communication skills, personality development, and soft skills have become most important issues in this ultra-globalized era of 21st century. These concepts are gaining currency in every field.i.e. mass communication, trade and commerce, administration, bureaucracy, medicine, academia, and almost every walk of life. Institution and organizations are increasingly offering trainings in skills necessary in their field to the job seekers, novice and working professionals. Universities and similar institutions are rigorously adding these elements to their syllabi. So it is of prime importance for students, teachers and professional to have a clear idea about what communication, personality, and soft-skills mean,their scope and relevance. The present study aims at providing the readers Soft Skill and Personality Development

with an overview of communication, personality, and soft skills, making clear the shadowy dividing lines between these three interdependent, overlapping concepts. Communication Communication means to communicate or to share. It is sharing of information. Communication is as old as human society. We started communication even before language came into existence. The emergence of language, writing, printing, broadcasting, multimedia and internet revolutionized communication. We communicate to share our ideas, beliefs, emotions etc. but in the era of globalization and hierarchical organizations it has some more purposes to serve. The definition of communication given by UNESCO outlines the meaning, function and scope of communication quite comprehensively, that is“Communication maintains and animates life. It creates a common pool of ideas, strengthens the feeling of togetherness through exchange of message and translates thought into action.” UNESCO – MANY VOICES ONE WORLD……. (1) This definition underlines the characteristics of communication, that are – a) Communication maintains life. b) It adds meaning to life. c) It helps in abolishing differences. d) It aims at harmony. e) Exchange of information is important. f) It initiates thought. g) It is action oriented.

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Types of Communication 1) Verbal Communication: 2) Non-verbal Communication: 1) Verbal Communication: Verbal communicationis done by using words. Words

are used in two ways. So it is classified into two types I) Oral Communication II) Written Communication Various communication activities that we perform can be divided between these two classes as follows:

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2) Non-verbal Communication: Non-verbal communication is done without using words. It often compliments oraldelivery or written message, and is less frequently used independently. In written documents elements like typology, punctuation, and layout of the page serve as non-verbal aspects. Non-verbal aspects of communication are of four types as1) Sign Language: Maps, diagrams in books, traffic signals etc. 2) Para Language: It includes tone of voice, pitch, rhythm, volume, pause or break in sentences etc. 3) Body Language: It consists of facial expressions, gestures, postures, personal appearance, eye contact etc. 3) Proxemics or Space Language: It is personal space language proximity in terms of distance, gap and time. Personality: Like any concept in humanities personality is defined in various ways, different theorists define it differently on the basis of their own theoretical positions. Soft Skill and Personality Development

Psychologists give importance to individual differences and personality traits. Sociologists focus on impact of socio cultural factors on personality, and are more prone to show its universal attributes. Cross-cultural studies analyzepersonality on both these matrices. So, it becomes necessary to define personality, that is “Personality is the particular combination of emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral response patterns of an individual.”…… These response patterns depend upon one’s mould and are influenced by social contexts. So, they may vary according to situation. A person who has a pleasant disposition at home may be stern at office. Personality is at one and the same time dynamic as well as organized set of certain personal traits. But to a much greater degree one’s personality remains constant due to a distinct personality style, that is, an individual’s relatively constant inclinations, leanings across contexts. Some of the most important personality traits are a) Openness: Spontaneity, appreciation of art, ability to feel emotions as well as curb excess of emotions, curiosity to know, tendency to take calculated risks, and varied experience are some of the positive traits that show

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openness. about how motivation works, one of the most famous b) Conscientiousness: is by the prominent psychologist Abraham Maslow’s Devotion to duty, willingness to work, strive to theory of ‘Hierarchy of Needs’ which show that everyachieve beyond expectations, advancement by reguone aspires to climb the hierarchy as more basic needs lating directing once impulses, and disciplined behavare gratified. But studies have proved that motivation ior. Persons showing such traits are termed as conscican be regulated by conscious efforts. As, Pientious they work properly and very carefully. YuehChong and others in their two phase study ‘Attic) Extravism: tudes and Motivations of students taking professional They are very energetic, enthusiastic, action oricertificate examination’ observe that ented, and have agenuine liking for interacting with “In the first phase a questionnaire survey was used to people and be engaged with outside world. examine the difference between internal and examine d) Agreeableness: the difference between internal and external encourIt shows greater concern for harmony. It is an esagement perspectives for those students with and withsential quality for good leadership. out professional certificates. We found that the intrine) Neuroticism: sic motivation of students with professional certificate It is a negative personality trait, the less the amount was significantly higher than their extrinsic motivaof it in one’s personality the better. Its characteristics tion...(4) are anger, anxiety, depression and such type of negaSoft Skills tive emotions that makes one pessimistic in approach. In general terms, soft skills are a person’s abilities Motivation: to deal with society. Soft skills are as important as hard Besides positive traits, another factor that contribskills for better professional growth. Hard skills are utes to personality development is motivation. Motigenerally associated with a person’s IQ or cognitive vation encourages us for action. It is defined as – capacities while soft skills with his EQ (Emotional In“Motivation is a psychological feature that induces telligence Quotient) EI or emotional intelligence is and organism to act towards a desired goal and elicits, “The ability to deal with ones feelings and understand controls, and sustains certain goal-directed behavior.”It the feelings of others in any given situation helps on to can be considered a driving force, a psychological one complement academic intelligence/cognitive capacities that compels or reinforces and action towards a de(IQ) with a humane understanding of issues. This abilsired goal. Ex-hunger is a motivation that elicit a deity is known as Emotional Intelligence or EI”…..(5) sire to eat…… Soft skills deal with feelings of an individual as well Motivation can be of two types as of others. Hard skills are the requirement of a para)Intrinsic motivation ticular job or occupation. i.e. for a teacher of language b) Extrinsic motivation his degree in that language, language abilities, teachIntrinsic motivation is a person’s inner urge for achieving aptitude are his hard-skills, while his ability adopt ing something. When somebody does research for the with the atmosphere of the class, to empathize with sake of knowledge or for enjoying the journey of disstudents, accommodate with colleagues are his soft covering new facts, it is intrinsic motivation for reskills, his success as a teacher depends on both these. search. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation is the Soft skills are personal attributes of an individual that prospect of outside factors like rewards in the form of enhance his/her interaction, performance and career promotions, awards, funding etc. though intrinsic moprospects. On the contrary, hard skills are his/her abiltivation is much valued importance of extrinsic motiity to perform a certain type of activity. Some of the vation cannot be denied. There are various theories most important soft skills are (132) Soft Skill and Personality Development ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

Conclusion For better career prospects it has been customary to have communicative abilities, a well- defined personality, and soft skills. This broad overview gives clear idea about them, showing their difference and interdependence. It aims at helping students for better comprehension of these concepts, and incite them to search for their potential abilities and make over for lacunas if any, to insure unhampered professional growth.


References 1) Madhukar R.K, ‘Business Communication’, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 2005. 2) en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Personality. 3) en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Motivation. 4) Social Behaviour and Personality Journal, Vol 39,No 10 (2011) 5) en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Soft_ skills

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47

English Language Teaching in Global Age

Nakade Meera Murlidhar Head Deptment of English, Yoganand College Basmath According to Education commission the quality of education depends upon the quality of a teacher. It is the genuine duty of devoted teacher to impart love of knowledge among pupils. The success of teacher is measured by the change he brings in his students. In the era of globalization the duty of teacher should reorient himself through summer courses , workshops, refresher courses in service education to adopt modern technologies such as computer, internet, virtual classrooms etc in order to trains student to face competitive world outside. Teachers should enable learners to communicate effectively for promoting creative and critical thinking. It is essential to know about the new methods of evaluation and newly developed educational technology. It helps in solving the problems related to teaching and learning English. In all disciplines of life turned things global to local and local to global. It is happened due to mixture in different cultures, economics systems and influence of large multinational companies improved communication. The world came close connected by electronic communication systems. In a present era the task of teacher is not limited to lecture of Grammar Translation method but he has to thrust himself in the world wide web to survival of pupil as well There are different methods applied to teach English such as Grammar Translation method stresses on structure of foreign language through comparison and contrast with that of mother tongue where as Direct method stresses on student to think directly in English. So also Substitution method stresses basic language sentence learnt at early stage and Dr. West’s New method emphasizes reading fluently. Soft Skill and Personality Development

All above method emphasizes on intonation pattern, rhythm, repeated use of words, grammatical structures in a variety of contexts for establishing good pronunciation, broad vocabulary and awareness of grammatical structure and syntax. Thus at an early age repetition plays a vital role in learning language. It is obvious that once students have learnt their mother tongue then the task of learning a second language is made easier by the intellectual maturity. It is found that children under 5 to 6 years, regarded golden age for learning foreign language because the brain of the average child is able to handle the mother tongue spontaneously and almost completely. It is the developing stage and phonetic and phonological system is not yet completely dependent on the Psycholinguistic structure of their mother tongue. Teaching English in the world of computer and internet cannot only rely on chalk – board process. Globalization tremendously changed each and every aspect of life comprising education. The four aspects and aims of the language such as listening, speaking, reading and writing can be effectively dealt by using computer based communication. That’s why it is possible to achieve the main goal of ELT to provide an opportunity for students to develop their above mentioned language skills. Computer is the best tool for classroom activity. While teaching Grammar translation method combined with using computer we can easily teach English with structural, pictorial, analytical, descriptive knowledge. Computer Based Teaching (CBT) includes reading practice, spelling, grammar pronunciations, phonetics, phonetic rules, vocabulary, handwriting technique, dic-

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tionary, question answers , MCQ tests, short and long answers test, these skills are effectively taught to students, who are responding with great interests to the new technology. That’s why CBT based study material is designed for nursery, school and college students. Internet exhibits what is happening , current things in the world we can see, watch, update vocabulary, use of phonetics, translations from many languages through ‘International network’ .Apart from free material that one can use knowledge from various websites, can join discussion, share ideas through facebook, which can connect to innovative and creative educators, guidance from experts in their respective fields. Virtual classroom exhibits present era is the era of digitalization then why not education ? Digital library, digital education is the supreme way to achieve educational aims and objectives online classroom is also called as ‘virtual classroom’ or ‘digital classroom’


with video conferencing is essential, one can share views by many intellectuals, universities, phonetics guidance from linguist and language labs through virtual classrooms. Thus ELT could be benefited with these kinds of classrooms . In short globalization changed technological, economical as well as educational sphere, to meet global perspectives with the help of computer, internet, digital classrooms are essential to achieve LSRW skills as well as needs of learners. References: 1. Dr. Dilip P. Barad, (2009) Encyclopedia of English Language and Communication Skills. First edition. 2. David Graddol, (2006) English Next 3. Urmila Rai and S.M.Rai, (2007) Business communication. Himalaya Publishing House Delhi. Ninth Revised Edition.

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The Role of Language in Personality Development

Mr Vijay Raosaheb More Registrar, Shri Shivaji College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Parbhani Key Words: communication, identity, persistent, investigation, exhibit, speech process, channelize, approachable, fully functioning, human knowledge, linguistics. Language is obviously a vital tool. Not only is it a means of communicating thoughts and ideas, but it forges friendships, cultural ties, and economic relationships. The importance of language is essential to every aspect and interaction in our everyday lives. We use language to inform the people around us of what we feel, what we desire, and question/understand the world around us. We communicate effectively with our words, gestures, and tone of voice in a multitude of situation. Would you talk to a small child with the same words you would in a business meeting. Being able to communicate with each other, form bonds, teamwork, and it’s what separates humans from other animal species. One of the essential human experiences is the experience of one’s self. An individual develops a sense of his own identity through his experiences. He forms perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and meanings about himself as he grows up; this gathering of meanings is organized, dynamic, and changeable. It is a self-system in that it is systematic, hierarchical, and understandable. Language capacity and language use provide the individual with the necessary conditions for perceiving himself in his environment and for organizing his perceptions into a holistic self. Benjamin Lee Whorf (1956) once said that language is the best show man puts on. It certainly is the most characteristic and persistent means man has of understanding and representing his experience. Language cuts across man’s every activity. It is not merely Soft Skill and Personality Development

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a behavior that he exhibits; it has impact upon man’s perceptions, mental functions, and relationships with other men, beliefs and meanings. A person’s use of language channelizes his thinking processes. It affects the ways in which he tends to summarize from his experiences, the ways in which he establishes a sense of his relationship to others, the way he generates and manipulates symbols and images about him. If we look at the speech process itself, we see the individual finding ways of bringing to public shape his personal thoughts, feelings, impressions, and ideas. In so doing, the individual discovers more about the experience he attempts to communicate to others; he has to reflect upon it, symbolize it, and transform it into some communicable state. The other side of the speech process, speech for oneself, highlights the tentative, bringing-to-an-understanding process even more, for through it the individual develops his characteristic modes of perceiving himself and of relating his experiences to each other. The fully functioning person has as one of his primary characteristics a firm sense of his own identity. That is, he is aware of himself as an approachable individual with continuing meanings and values. Being in touch, on the whole, with his experiencing and having the capacity to make his experiences available in other experiences, he has differentiated himself rather completely from his environment and from other people. This has occurred through his capacity to symbolize his experiences in a variety of ways and to use his symbolic functioning as an abstracting process. He is in command of his perceptual organization in’ that he does not mistake symbols for the things symbolISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

ized. He is reality oriented in that he bases his conceptions of himself upon an accurate appraisal of situations and events without the distortion that comes from feeling threatened in some ways. The insufficient or partially-functioning person has different symbolizing characteristics. He is limited to two valued terms in defining himself so he tends to be more rigid perceptually, operating in either/or terms. Thus, he is likely to define himself in negative terms, in respect to what he is not instead of what he is. He confuses symbols and the things they represent, which leads him to reacting to the wrong elements frequently and distorting the situations he finds himself in, he acts with a great quantity of unchallenged assumptions about what is and what is not. Furthermore, if he uses his language in ways that remove him from direct reference to his experience he becomes experientially empty, incapable of knowing what he feels and what he thinks. Thus, he has a limited amount of personal experience available to him in new situations, so he is limited in his being able to respond fully and well. By and large, the study of language encompasses investigations from a broad spectrum of human knowledge: philosophy, anthropology, sociology, linguistics,


semantics, speech, and psychology. In recent year’s linguistics as - a discipline within itself has emerged as a major theoretical area and Investigations in the relation among language, thought, perception, and experiencing are generating fascinating new understandings of the role of language in human life. This paper is a little attempt to focus on the important role of Language in Personality development of the Individuals. References: 1. Brown, R. Language and categories. In J. S. Bruner, J. J. Goodnow, and G. A. Austin (Eds.), A Study of Language. New York: Wiley, 1956. 2. Carroll, J. B. Language and thought. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.:Prentice Hall, 1964. 3. Correll J .J. Language And Self: The Role Of Language In Personality Development, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.:Prentice Hall, 1975 4. Church, J. Language and the discover y of reality. New York: Random House, 1961 5. Maslow, A. Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper and Row, 1954. 6. Moustakas, C. E. Creativity and conformity. Princeton, N. J.: Van Nostrand, 1967.

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49

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gmYmaUV… Am¡nMma[aH arË`m embo` OrdZmnmgyZ Amnë`m OrdZmV àdoe Ho bobm AgVmo. `m _yb^yV H m¡eë`m§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Amnbr Oer ^m{fH CÞVr hmoVo VerM Amnë`m ì`{ŠV_ËdmVhr g§nÞVm òÊ`mg _XV hmoVo. Amnbo AZoH n¡by hiyhiy {dH {gV hmoD Z Ë`mVyZ ì`{ŠV_Ëd AmH mambm òVo. ì`{ŠV_Ëd {dH mg Am{U ^m{fH H m¡eë` … J«hU j_VoMo {dH mg … gmVË`mZo EoH ë`m_wio J«hU j_VoMm {dH mg hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoV.o dmñVdmV EoH Ê`mMr Iw~r Amnë`mV OÝ_mnyduM {dH {gV Pmbobr AgVo, _mÌ H miOrnyd©H EoH Ê`mMr gd` bmJÊ`mV ldUmMm _hÎdmMm dmQm AgVmo. Vo B§J«Or ^mfoV hoA[a¨J Am{U {bgqZJ À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ A{YH ñnï hmoVo. `m{df`r g_W© am_Xmg ñdm_tMm CX~moY _hÎdmMm dmQVmo. Eog| ho AdK|{M EoH md| & na§Vw gma emoYyZ ¿`md| & Agma Vo OmUmo{Z Ë`mJmd| & `m Zmd ldU^{ŠV & &2 `m~amo~arZoM boIZm_wiohr J«hU j_Vm ì`ŠVr_Üò {dH {gV hmoVo. {dMmam§Mm {dH mg … ldU d dmMZm_wio Amnbr AmH bZ j_Vm {dH {gV Va hmoVM o , Ë`mM ~amo~a {dMmaeŠVtMmhr {dH mg ìhm`bm bmJVmo. {edm` H ënZm Am{U ^mdZm§Mmhr {dH mg hmoVmo. n[aUm_V… AW©~moY ìhm`bm bmJVmo Am{U OgOgm AW©~moY hmoVmo VgVgo Amnë`mbm {dMmanyd©H , g_Onyd©H ~mobVm Am{U {b{hVm `m`bm bmJVo. g§ñH ma … àñVwV H m¡eë`m§n¡H s ldU d dmMZ hr XmoZ H m¡eë` J«hUmË_H Agë`mZo Amnë`mda H iV Z H iV g_moaÀ`m dŠË`mVo g§ñH ma hmoVmV. ho g§ñH ma àm_w»`mZo ^mfU{df`H AgVmV. `m_Üò àm_w»`mZo ì`m»`mË`mMo CƒmaU, eãX\o H , Amamoh-Adamoh, {dam_ `m§Mo g§ñH ma hmoVmV Am{U ho Iyn _hÎmMo Amho. H maU AmOH mb ~mobUmao ânya Pmbo AmhoV, nU EoH Umao _mÌ ZJÝ`

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ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

AmhoV. n[aUm_V… ^mfU n«XyfUmMm àmXy^m©d dmTë`mMo OmUdVo. kmZàmár d kmZàofU … Amnë`mbm Amnë`m OrdZmV kmZ àmár H aV AgVmZm H mZmMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo, Ë`mMà_mUo dmMZmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZhr ânya à_mUmV kmZ àmá hmoVo. {edm` Amnë`mbm ^mfU H am`Mo AgVo dm boIZ H am`Mo AgVo VargwÕm dmMmdo bmJVo. AemM àH mao AmnU AmË_gmV Ho boë`m kmZmMo àofUhr `m H m¡eë`m§À`m ÛmaoM hmoVo. g¥ O ZerbVm … ldU d dmMZmÛmao AmË_gmV Ho bo ë `m kmZg§{MVmMo H mbm§VamZo àñVw{VH aU ìhm`bm bmJVo. hr àñVwVr EH àH maMo g¥OZM AgVo. Zd{Z{_©Vr AgVo. {d{dY àH maMr MMm©, Jm`Z, bmoH gm{hË` VgoM gm{hË` {Z{_©Vr hr ^mfU d boIZmVyZ hmoVo. `m g¥OZm_wiohr Amnë`m ^md^mdZm§Mo {daoMZ hmoVo. n[aUm_V… Amnbo _Z _moH io ìhm`bm bmJVo Am{U _Z _moH io Pmë`m_wio Amnë`mbm àgÞ dmQVo. _ZmoaO § Z … _mZdr ^md^mdZm§Mr, {dMmam§Mr A{^ì`ŠVr åhUOoM H Wm, H {dVm, ZmQH , {MÌnQ, JmUr, MMm©, JßnmJmoï r BË`mXr hmoV. `m gdmªÀ`m_wio Amnbo _Zmoa§OZ hmoVo. Amnë`mH So _Zmoa§OZmMr gmYZoMo Oa CnbãY ZgVr Va Amnbo H m` Pmbo AgVo Agm AmnU {dMmahr H ê eH V Zmhr. AmO Xya{MÌdmUr, AmH medmUr, E\ .E_., g§JUH , ^«_UÜdZr, hr Aer kmZàmárMr gmYZo AmhoV VerM Vr _Zmoa§OZmMrhr gmYZo AmhoV. hr gd© Amnbr ^m{fH H m¡eë`m§Mr XoU Amho. gm_m{OH Am§Va{H« `m … g_mOmV ì`dhma H aVmZm, X¡Z§{XZ JaOm§Mr nyV©Vm H aVmZm EoH Uo Am{U ~mobUo `m§Mm AZ_mob dmQm Amho. `m_mÜ`_mVyZ {dMma, ^mdZm d H ënZm§Mr XodmU-KodmU H aVm H aVm òVo Am{U gm_m{OH Am§Vaa{H« `m \ bÐþn hmoVo, Ago åhQbo Va dmdJo RaUma Zmhr. ~hþlwVVm … ~hþ lwV åhUOo "Á`mZo Iyn EoH bobo Amho, dmMbobo Amho Agm'3 ì`ŠVr. AWm©V Ago ì`{ŠV_Ëd Ho di danm§JrËdmZo KSV Zmhr Va Ë`mgmRr òWo OmVrMoM Agmdo bmJVmV. ì`{ŠV_Ëd {dH mg … Zm°_©Z _JÊ`m JVo, ""ì`{ŠV_Ëd åhUOo earaaMZm, dV©Z {deof, A{^ê Mr, A{^d¥Îmr, ~m¡{ÕH j_Vm, H b `m§Mm d¡{eîQçnyU© g§Km hmoV..' `mÑïrZo {dMma Ho bm Va dmMZm_wio Amnbr Xoh~mobr H er Agdr ? Amnbo dV©Z H go Agmdo ? `m{df`r ldU d dmMZmÛmao _m{hVr {_iVo. AbrH So Soft Skill and Personality Development

Va Aem ì`{ŠV_Ëd {dH mgmÀ`m nwñVH m§Zr nwñVH ~mOmaV gObobm {XgVmo Vmo dmMH m§H SyZ Ho br OmV Agboë`m _mJUr_wiM o Zm ! g§X^© … 1) Sm°.ZadUo _rZb, ^maVr` e¡j{UH Am`moJ d g{_Ë`m, {ZË`ZyVZ àH meZ, nwUo, àW_md¥Îmr 2009. 2) g_W© am_Xmg, Xmg~mo Y , XeH 3 g_mg 1 … ldU^ŠVr{Zê nU, httpp://www.dasbodh.com 29 3) ^mQdSoH a _mo.{d., "amOh§g ì`mdhm[aH _amRr eãXmW© H moe', amOh§g àH meZ, nwUo, Amd¥Îmr n{hbr … Am°ŠQmo~a 2007, n¥. 440. 4) Zm§Xo O`lr d Sm°. nm§S o M§. J., "_mZdr {dH mg d g_m`moOZ', {H Vm~ _hb, Zdr {X„r, 1998, 85. 5) A§^wao H¡ bmg d MmoaKSo àH me, "Ame``wŠV AÜ`mnZ nÕVr… _amRr', O`^Ðm àH meZ, Am¡a§Jm~mX, \o ~«wdmar 2010.

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ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

50

ys[ku dkS’kY;s izk- izeksn eksgujko vkM vkMs la’kks/kd Lo- jk- rh- e- foukansM

Hkk”kk gk ,d vkReizdVhdj.kkps egRokps lk/kku vkgsO;DrhP;k O;DrheRo fodklkr Hkk”ksyk vuU;lk/kkj.k egRo vkgs- tls O;DrheRo fodklkr Hkk”ksyk egRo vkgs- rlsp O;fDrP;k ys[ku dkS’kY;kyk gh vkgs- Eg.kwu lqanj fy[kku fdaok gLrk{kj gk rqeP;k O;DrheRokpk vkjlk vlrks- v{kj laaqnj vlsy ‘kq/n ys[ku pkaxys vlsy rj iqkysyk vlyk rjh ys[ku dSk’kY;kpk fodkl ek= fo|kF;kZue/;s >kysyk Qkjlk fnlr ukgh- O;kdjf.kd n`”V;k ‘kq/n vlysys ys[ku vki.kkl Qkj deh izek.kr vkkys-ys[ku lektkyk fopkj izo`Rr djrs] izjs .kk nsr]s thoukyk uoh n`”Vh izkIr d:u nsrs- ys[ku Lor%pk vkfo”dkj djrsys[ku ys[kudR;kZyk vkuan feGoqu nsrsp] ijarq R;kp cjkscj okpdkps gh euksjatu djrs- ;k ys[kukP;k ek/;ekrwu vki.k Soft Skill and Personality Development

vkiY;k Hkkkouk] fopkj] vuqHko] xjt] rdzkjh b- xks”Vh lanHkkZr er ekaMw ‘kdrks- ys[kukyk tls O;fDrxr ikrGhoj egRokps LFkku vkgs- rlsp lkekftd thoukrgh egRokph LFkku vkgs- ys[ku gk vkRekfo”dkj vkgs- vkReizdVhdj.kkps rs ,d izHkkfo lk/ku vkgsekuokyk lrr vki.k vkiys eu dq.kkleksjrjh eksdGs djkos vls okVrs gh bPNk Hkk”k.k vkf.k ys[ku ;k dkS’kY;krwu iw.kZ gksr-s izR;sd O;fDrpk vkRekfo”dkj R;kP;k vuqHkokaps o voyksdukps izfrfcac vlrs- ys[kukrwu laLdkj eqY;kph tk.kho d:u nsrk ;srsvk’k;kf’kok; ys[ku vlw ‘kdr ukgh- ys[kukr dks.krk rjh vFkZ] fopkj] Hkkouk] ;kapk lekos’k vlrks ;k vk’k;kcjkscjp ys[kukr lqlaxri.kk vl.ks vko’;d vlrs] ts fopkj ekaMko;kps rs vki.kkl lqlaxr ekaMrk vkys ikfgtsr vkiY;k ys[kukpk lektkoj dks.krk ifj.kke gksbZy ;kph tk.kho ys[kudR;kZyk vlus vko’;d vkgs- ‘kCnkaP;k ek/ ;ekrwu Hkkousyk Li’kZ dj.;kps izpaM lkeF;Z ys[k.kke/;s lekfo”V vlrs- ys[ku ‘kq/n vlkos ykxrs ys[kukph lq:okr v{kjkiklwu gksr-s vkf.k ex R;k ys[kukr ‘kCnlkSna ;Z] vFkZlkSna ;Z] HkkolkSan;Z] izlkn;qDr] jliw.kZ] thouLi’khZ curs Eg.kwup ys[ku djrkauk dkgh mf|”Vs MksG;kleksj Bsokoh ykxrkr- rh iwkysyh vkgs- ^Hkk”kk gh vftZr laiRrh vkgs* dks.kR;kgh ekuokyk Hkk”kk mitr izkIr gksr ukgh- rh iz;Rulkgk;klkus f’kdkoh ykxrs- rsOa gkp rh ek.klkyk dk;kikyVkps lkeF;Z nsrs- brds vuU;lk/kkj.k vls egRo O;fDRkP;k thoukr Hkk”ksyk vkgs^ loZ {ks=krhy Kkukpk] ekuoh O;ogkjkpk ,deso vk/ kkj Eg.kts Hkk”kk* dks.kR;kgh ek.klkyk nSuafnu thou txr vlrkuk Hkk”ksf’kok; rj.kksik; ukgh- Hkk”kk ek.klkyk uok Soft Skill and Personality Development

fopkj] uo tx] uoh Lk‘“Vh] uoh ewY;s bR;knh okpdkyk nsrs- Eg.kwu Hkk”kk ekuoh thoukps vfoHkkT; Hkkx vkgsekuokyk Hkk”ks iklwu vyx djrk ;sr ukgh vkf.k Hkk”ksyk ekuokiklwu osxG djrk ;sr ukgh- Eg.kwu Hkk”kk vkf.k ekuo ijLijkoyach ?kVd vkgsr- ekuokyk Hkk”ksiklwu Qkjdr ?ksrk ;sr ukgh- ^Hkk”kk* gk ekuoh O;fDreRokpk ik;k vkgs- ,okyh vkgsR;keqGs vk/kwfud ;wxkrhy ekuo vkG’kh cur pkyyk vkgsfoKkukus dsysY;k la’kks/kukus osxosxG;k vktkjkoj vkS”k/k miyC/k >kyh vkgsr] i.k ;keqGs ekuokaP;k ljkljh vk;wZeku ok< >kysyh ukgh rj vk;weZ ku ?kVys vkgs- vktP;k foKku;qxkr [ksGkyk egRo izkIr >kys vkgs- vktP;k /kdk/kdhP;k nSuanhu thoukr ek.klkyk Lor%P;k ‘kjhjkdMs y{k n~;k;yk osG ukgh o ;krwu rks osxosxG;k vktkjkyk cGh iMr vkgsR;kph jksx izrhdkj ‘kDrh deh >kyh vkgs- ;kpk ijh.kke ekuokP;k ‘kjhj o eukoj gksr vkgs[ksG [ksG.ks gh ekuokph lgt izo‘Rrh vkgs- dkyZ ekDlZP;k ers] ^^Hkkoh vk;w”;krhy gkypkyhph jaxhr rkyhe Eg.kts [ksG gks;] [ksGkrwup ekuokpk] ‘kkjhjhd] ekulhd] ckS/nhd] vkRehd fodkl ?kMrks- R;kp cjkscj ‘kkjhjhd o ekulhd ok< gksrs- [ksGkewGs ipufdz;k lw/kkjrs] o ‘kkjhjhd {kerk okkyh vkgs- thoukr d`rh’khy jkg.ks] gkypky dj.ks ;kyk egRo vkgs o ;k d`rh’hyrsrwup ekuokpk fodkl >kyk vkgs- [ksG o ‘kkjhjhd f’k{k.k ;kr dkgh ‘kkjhjhd gkypkyh dsY;k tkrr R;krwu Hkkoh vk;q”;kr thou tx.;kpk vuwHko feGrks o v’kk izdkjs feGkysY;k vuwHkokrwup iwkY;kus dks.kR;kgh dkekr ;’kp feGrs- [ksGkewGs vkiY;k vaxkr f’kLr fuekZ.k gksrs o


f’kLrhps ekuoh thoukr Qkj egRo vkgs- f’kLrizh; thou txus gs izR;sdkps drZO; vkgs- ;kewGs osGsph cpr gksrsizR;sd dk;Z osGsoj iw.kZ gksrs o ;krqu lektke/;s vkiys osxG LFkku fuekZ.k gksrs[ksGkeqGs izkek.khdi.kk fuekZ.k gksrks- ;k xq.kkps lektkr Qkj egRo vkgs- izkek.khd vlus gh pakxyh lo; vkgsvki.k vkiY;k dk;kZ’kh] O;olk;k’kh izkek.khd vlkosdks.kk’khgh [kksVs u cksyus o lR;kpk voyac dj.ks ;kewGs lektkr ,d izfr”Bk fuekZ.k gksrs- v’kk izdkjs [ksGkrwu fodlhr gks.;kÚ;k lnxw.kkeqGs ekuokps O;fDreRokpk fodl gks.;kl enr gksrs o ;krwup lektkpk fodkl gksrks o ns’kkP;k fodklkyk enr gksrs-

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ISBN - 978-81-925458-3-7

57

O;fDreRo fodklkr lektkph Hkwfedk

izkLrkfod vkiY;k nSufa nu thouke/;s îlZuWfyVh* ;k baxt z h ‘kCnkpk vki.k usgehp okij djrks- dk; ilZuWfyVh vkgs\ R;kph îlZuWfyVh* d’kh vkgs\ veqd ,dkyk ilZuWfyVhp ukghveqd ,d vkn’kZ O;fDreRo vkgs- v’kh okD; vkiY;k lHkksorkyh vki.k usgehp ,sdrks- njjkstP;k O;ogkjkr] cksyhHkk”ksr ilZuWfyVh ;k ‘kCnkpk vFkZ O;fDrph ‘kjhj;”Vh] O;Drh fnlrs d’kh\ ,o