Dec 16, 2013 - >1 stock is overexploitetd. Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea resources in European Waters in 2013. Guidelines for the evaluation of stock ...
European Parliament, PECHE Committee, public hearing on Evaluation of the Mediterranean Fisheries Regulations.
Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea resources in European Waters in 2013 Giacomo Chato Osio* & Max Cardinale** 16 December 2013
* European Commission Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy **Chairman of STECF EWG MED, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea resources in European Waters in 2013 Guidelines for the evaluation of stock status Terminology • Spawning stock biomass (SSB) is the biomass of the adult or reproducing fish • Fishing mortality (F) is the proportion of fish in the stock that are taken by the fisheries • FMSY is the F associated to high long term yields and the long-term sustainable exploitation of the stock • F/FMSY indicates how far each stock is from the MSY target. If F/FMSY >1 stock is overexploitetd Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Mediterranean and Black Sea stock assessment unit
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Historical trend of the assessed stocks 60 Assessment F reference points
Number of stocks
50
40
30
20
10
0 2008
2009
2010 Years
2011
2012
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Process to determine the status of stocks • Results of STECF stock assessments are summarized from – ≈ 16 expert meetings – held over 7 years (2008-2013) – Reviewed by STECF
• The supporting data comes from: – the DCR and DCF data collection carried out over the period 2002-2012 – and ≈ 12 data calls
• Results of GFCM stock assessments derive from: – assessments performed in 1 working group per year – revised by SCSA once per year in last 4 years
• This is a large body of high quality stock assessments. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Stock status compared to MSY target
1.00
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Stock status compared to MSY target by year
1.00
1.00 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Stock status compared to MSY target by GSA
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Stock status compared to MSY target by GSA
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Stock status compared to MSY target by GSA
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Stock status compared to MSY target by groups
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Nominal effort trends of otter trawlers
Italy
Greece Spain
France Malta, Cyprus, Slovenia Unstandardized data from 2012 DCF datacall
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Nominal Effort trends by GSA and country
Unstandardized data from 2013 DCF datacall Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Nominal Effort trends by GSA and country
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Unstandardized data from 2013 DCF datacall
Nominal Effort trends by GSA, Fishery, VL and Year
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Unstandardized data from 2012 DCF datacall
Nominal Effort trends by GSA, Fishery, VL and Year
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Unstandardized data from 2012 DCF datacall
Stock status in the last assessment year compared to STECF MSY target GSA Common name 1 Blue and red shrimp 1 Hake 1 Red mullet 1 Blue whiting 1 Norway lobster 1 Pink shrimp 5 Angler fish 5 Pink shrimp 5 Hake 5 Norway lobster 5 Octopus 5 Striped red mullet 6 Norway lobster 6 Pink shrimp 6 Angler fish 6 Blue and red shrimp 6 Blue whiting 6 Hake 6 Pink shrimp 6 Red mullet
2010-2012 % decrease in F Common name Species Fcurr Fmsy Spottail mantis shrimp Squilla mantis 1.04 0.27 0.74 Hake Merluccius merluccius 1.21 0.22 0.82 Red mullet Mullus barbatus 1.94 0.30 0.85 Pink shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris 1.31 0.67 0.49 Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus 0.38 0.40 -0.05 Sardine Sardina pilchardus 0.48 0.40 0.17 Picarel Spicara smaris 0.08 0.31 -2.88 Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus 0.76 0.54 0.29 Sprat Sprattus sprattus 0.81 0.64 0.21 Turbot Psetta maxima 1.00 0.15 0.85 Whiting Merlangius merlangus 0.66 0.40 0.39 Common Pandora Pagellus erythrinus 0.72 0.30 0.58 Giant red shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea 1.09 0.40 0.63 Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus 0.15 0.20 -0.33 Blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus 0.81 0.26 0.68 Red mullet Mullus barbatus 1.30 0.45 0.65 Black bellied anglerfish Lophius budegassa 0.30 0.16 0.47
Around 94% of the analysed Mediterranean and Black Sea stocks are estimated to be exploited unsustainably in 2010-2012 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Stock status in the last assessment year compared to GFCM MSY target GSA
Around 95% of the analysed Mediterranean and Black Sea stocks are estimated to be exploited unsustainably in 2010-2011 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Modelling achievements
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Productivity and Susceptibility analysis 151 Mediterranean Demersal and bathydemersal fish stocks Productivity Attributes: • • • • • • •
Maximum age (tmax) Maximum size (Lmax) Growth coefficient (k) Natural mortality (M) Fecundity Age-at-maturity (tmat) Mean trophic level
Susceptibility attributes: • • • • • • •
Areal overlap Vertical overlap Morphological characteristics affecting capture Desirability or value of the fishery Management strategy Fishing mortality rate (in relation to M) Survival after capture and release.
From Hobday et al. 2007 a Sciences ASwedish University of Agriculturalwww.slu.se
Species with estimated Mean Exploitation level
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
IUCN Classification
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea marine resources State of the art • Knowledge on the status of Mediterranean and Black Sea stocks is
improving rapidly
• Between 94% and 95% of the stocks analysed is overexploited compared to FMSY • An overall reduction between 45% and 51% in F is necessary to reach MSY •Observed reduction in nominal effort did not result in a decline in F •Reducing F will not reach MSY without changes in selectivity Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Current selectivity compared to the optimal one 20000 15000
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Colloca, Cardinale et al. Fish and Fisheries, 2011
Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea marine resources Immediate actions • Reduce F for all demersal fisheries through reduction in factual
effort or/and catches.
• Implement a TAC system for small pelagics (as in the GFCM resolution for small pelagics in GSA 17). • Modify gear selectivity to move towards MSY. • Several stocks are shared fisheries/stocks with non EU contries and thus more effort should go into assessing these stocks.
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea marine resources Way forward • Move to stock integrated models which can estimate M, handle
multifleet data and model selectivity. •
The number of species under assessment is low, need of providing advice for the others: •
For data poor un-assessed stocks move forward with risk analysis like the PSA.
•
For stocks with at least catch series apply methods tested by FAO to derive B/Bmsy. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea marine resources Foreseen Issues • There are signs of fisheries data quality loss:
• in the Mediterranean there are sampling problems in some areas (e.g. GSA 8 and 11) • in Black Sea poor sampling in many countries
• Data lack in the near future:
• no turbot survey was performed in Romania and no pelagic survey in Bulgaria and Romania in 2013 • catch and landings in Italy in 2013?
• Data issues might reduce the capacity of assessing stock status. • Resources for Mediterranean stock assessments are limited and it will be difficult to in increase the number of assessments. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Acknowledgments This presentation was possible thanks to: • Data collection of Member States • EC JRC for data collection and database management • STECF Secretariat and STECF • All the experts attending the STECF meetings • Stock assessments of GFCM
We are particularly grateful to Hajo Raetz and Aymen Charef
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Modelling achievements Moving from XSA to statistical catch at age model (e.g. A4a,SS3) Main advantages over classic VPA and other SCAA models: •Provide estimates of uncertainty •Can estimate M •Can provide different functional response for selectivity •Can handle multi fleets Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
