Strategic Management 11e

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The influx of women into the labour force has led to an increase in romance in the workplace. – For instance, available statistics show that women comprise of.
Prohibited or Permitted? Perceived Office Romance Practices in the Ghanaian Banking Sector

By M. A. Gyensare & L. E. Kumedzro University of Education, Winneba O. Anku-Tsede, PhD University of Ghana Business School

4th Social Science Conference 2016 – Gyensare, Anku-Tsede & Kumedzro

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Introduction  Byrne and Neuman (1992) opined that: – “Without the opportunity for interaction, there can be no opportunity for attraction” (p. 12).

4th Social Science Conference 2016 – Gyensare, Anku-Tsede & Kumedzro © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Introduction • The banking hall may provide the perfect atmosphere for frequent interaction between workers with similar goals and attitudes. – Working closely in close proximity to others fosters interpersonal attraction (Maniero, 1989). – Frequent contact also increases the likelihood that office romantic relationship will form and developed. Office romance is defined as;  “Consensual relationship between two employees

of the same company that entails mutual sexual attraction” (Pierce & Aguinis, 2003, p.447)

4th Social Science Conference 2016 – Gyensare, Anku-Tsede & Kumedzro © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Problem Statement • The influx of women into the labour force has led to an increase in romance in the workplace. – For instance, available statistics show that women comprise of 46.6% of the labour force (Kaufman & Hotchkiss, 2003). – Not only are more women today working alongside men, but also the average number of hours spent at work has increased since the 1980s (Kaufman & Hotchkiss, 2003).

• Working together for long allows people to get to know each other better, and as familiarity grows, – Office romance may be more likely to occur between peer coworkers, supervisors or even with company clients (RabinMargaloith, 2006). 4th Social Science Conference 2016 – Gyensare, Anku-Tsede & Kumedzro © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Problem Statement (Cont’d) • The influx of women into the labour force has led to an increase in romance in the workplace. – For instance, available statistics show that women comprise of 46.6% of the labour force (Kaufman & Hotchkiss, 2003). – Not only are more women today working alongside men, but also the average number of hours spent at work has increased since the 1980s (Kaufman & Hotchkiss, 2003).

• Working together for long allows people to get to know each other better, and as familiarity grows, – Office romance may be more likely to occur between peer coworkers, supervisors or even with company clients (RabinMargaloith, 2006). 4th Social Science Conference 2016 – Gyensare, Anku-Tsede & Kumedzro © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Methods Data and Sample • Target population: Employees in all 10 indigenous banks in Ghana. • Accessible population: Employees in 4 indigenous banks who have met Bank of Ghana’s minimum capital requirement (GCB, ADB, NIB & CAL Bank). • Sample size: 375 employees; 352 (94% response rate).

4th Social Science Conference 2016 – Gyensare, Anku-Tsede & Kumedzro © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Methods Measures  Attitude towards office romance & sexual intimacy  A 7-item scale by Powell (1986) was used to measure attitude towards office romance and sexual intimacy. Likert scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree. A sample item is “Sexual relations foster better communication between the two bankers involved in the intimate relationship.”

 Participation in current office romance  We assessed participation in office romance by asking bankers to indicate whether they were currently involved romantically with (e.g., dating, married to) a co-worker of their present bank (1 = Yes, 0 = No).” 4th Social Science Conference 2016 – Gyensare, Anku-Tsede & Kumedzro © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Methods  Job satisfaction  Job satisfaction was measured with 6-item scale from Tsui et al. (1992). A sample item is “I am satisfied with the nature of the work I perform at my bank.” A 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree.

 Employee engagement  A 9-item ISA engagement scale from Soane et al. (2012) was used to measure employee engagement. Sample items are “I pay a lot of attention to my work” and “I feel energetic in my work as a banker.” A 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree.

4th Social Science Conference 2016 – Gyensare, Anku-Tsede & Kumedzro © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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RQ 1: Type of Office Romance Practice

Hierarchical romance 39%

Lateral

Lateral romance 61%

Hierarchical

4th Social Science Conference 2016 – Gyensare, Anku-Tsede & Kumedzro © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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RQ2: Key Motive of Office Romance Practice Motive

𝒇

%

Rank

1. Love motive (sincere love, care & companionship)

117

33.2

3rd

2. Ego motive (fun, excitement & sexual experience)

212

60.2

2nd

3. Job motive (security & opportunity for advancement)

218

61.9

1st

4th Social Science Conference 2016 – Gyensare, Anku-Tsede & Kumedzro © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Results Table 1. Means, standard deviations and inter-correlation Variable

Mean

SD

1

2

3

1. Attitude towards office romance and sexual intimacy 2. Participation in office romance

2.63

1.22

(.706)

0.33

0.47

0.15**

--

3. Job satisfaction

3.55

0.83

-0.37*

-0.11†

(.745)

4. Employee engagement

3.52

0.75

0.30†

-0.23*

0.58***

4

(.835)

Note. N = 352; Reliability coefficients are in parenthesis along the diagonal. †p < .10, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001

4th Social Science Conference 2016 – Gyensare, Anku-Tsede & Kumedzro © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Path Analytic Model

Job Satisfaction

Attitude towards office romance and sexual intimacy

H1 .146(2.768)**

Participation in office romance

Employee engagement



Fit Indices: χ2 = 29.08; RMSEA = .07; SRMR = .06; NNFI = .92; CFI = .93; GFI =.95

 

Note. N = 352; Reported coefficients are standardized estimates with corresponding t-statistics in parenthesis. †p < .10; *p