black. Holes 0.2-3.0 cm across, scattered over the surface or confined to the base of the tuber, and then ... pedes, beetles, cockroaches or lizards. In one species ...... late; spreading on host and forming a carpet of spines. Tuber tissue drying ...
36
BLUMEA
21-41
(1991)
The tuberous epiphytes of The new
C.R.
the Rubiaceae 2:
genus Anthorrhiza
Huxley &
M.H.P.
Jebb
Summary Anthorrhiza of which
species
Huxley
and
&
enumeration of
an
is described.
Jebb, Psychotrieae-Hydnophytinae,
to science and endemic
are new
specimens
to
Papua New Guinea,
are
are
The
eight species,
fully described,
and
a
key
all
to the
given.
Introduction While
Becc.,
the tuberous genera of the
studying Jack,
Myrmecodia now
Becc.,
Myrmephytum as
designated
the
Hydnophytinae
apparent that many unidentified sheets did These
(Huxley, 1981; Jebb, 1985). florescence in
by
dense
one
axil
at
In this
spines.
resemble
they
inflorescences. The
solitary
inflorescence of
ing ridges these
into
flower-bearing
stems as
first mentioned
generic other
name
seven
and the type
seen,
in
species
and
species
resemble
new
not
but lack the
Myrmedoma
have
from the rare
Hydnophytum
genus of
expanded
was
has been
in-
spine-bear-
Moreover branches arise frotii among
does. This
(1981),
single
Myrmecodia normally
divided by sterile, often
being
areas.
some
described here have
cited and have been
and
and
a
this may be obscured
though
branched stems, others have
Myrmecodia
by Huxley
species
'Flowers' in the
While
freely
1990), it became
inflorescence of Anthorrhiza differs
Hydnophytum
areas.
narrow,
Squamellaria
into any of these genera
readily
Myrmephytum
Hydnophytum
separate flower-bearing
brous tubers and unbranched
solitary
and
all share the character of
specimens
Jack,
Hydnophytum
Becc.
& Jebb,
(Huxley fall
not
each node ('pseudo-axillary')
6-merous flowers of these genera.
paired
Psychotrieae,
Myrmedoma
published
unless marked 'n.v.' The
Jebb &
(1985),
was
and the
Jebb, 1990). The
before. All
figure
gla-
single
epiphytic ant-plants
by
published (Huxley
been
in their
tubers artd
spiny
specimens
are
in square brackets after
is the number of flowers dissected.
descriptions
ANTHORRHIZA
Anthorrhiza
Huxley
Anthorrhiza tinis
jugis
11 2
)
Jebb, Bull.
propter
pertine, tubi, substantiae
dignoscenda.
&
—
Belg.
tuber cavemosum et florum
inflorescentiis
vascularis
Plant
spinigeris
et ramis
Anthorrhiza echinella
Sciences,
Now at Christensen Research
Oxford
Institute,
60
(1990)
420.
fructuumque fabricam
solitariis, sessilibus,
saepe
Typus generis:
Department of
Jard. Bot. Nat.
componunt
caulinis inter
Huxley
University, P.O. Box
quas
areas
nullo
areae
dubio ad
Hydnophy-
florigerae disjunctae
florigeras abeuntibus, bene
& Jebb.
South Parks
Road, Oxford,
305, Madang, Papua
OX1
New Guinea.
3RB,
U.K.
22
BLUMEA
Tuber spherical, conical,
black. Holes 0.2-3.0 of the tuber, and then often
plant,
and
not
or
densely,
not.
then
of
stem
sessile
bearing the
by
a
tissue,
areas.
single
or
a
on
in
of
of
Fig.
to
grow
to
to a
confined
cm,
throughout
to
degree
erect.
or
on
to
may be
united between with
a
central areas,
stem
numerous
species.
1. Distribution
over a
Lamina
stem
or
leathery.
petioles, triangular
sessile
to
side and
sunken,
to
on
the to
Petiole
to
orbic-
caducous.
more or
densely spined,
hairs, attached
long period,
by the
a
less
ridge
spines
at
and
separated by
tissue. Each flower enclosed
inconspicuous
boat-shaped
or
leathery
and
towards the apex. Bracts
its lower inner edge, these hairs
Flowers 4-merous,
species
or
and
stem
than
broadly elliptic
ridge, persistent
stem
chartaceous and
of the
or
tissue between the individual flower-
spine-capped
one
to
the base
the life of the
clothing
the
thick, sometimes hard
produced successively or
cm,
drying reddish, brown,
inflorescence
greater
spreading
walls of
25
several, sometimes branched. Internodes
triangular leathery bracts,
fleshy
splitting along
some
or
x
peripherally, generally smooth-walled,
flower-bearing
remains of bracts
enclosing
the surface
dense pulvinate cushion of bract hairs surrounded
a mass
Flowers
bracts
conspicuous
branching
remote,
mass
bract which
single
prominent; sometimes
over
35
to
stellate, yellow
to
simple
the apex of the tuber. Cavities within tuber
one to
length, occasionally
mounted
compacted a
in
lobed, not ridged,
present,
or
confined
4.5x2-29x10
the leaf axil;
or
at
1991
1,
other cavities. Tuber tissue
and
to
No.
continuing
Stipules remaining
cm.
cm
Inflorescence to
to
longer
clustered
6(-8)
ular, 0.4-1.0
central
also
waited and
one
Spines absent,
narrowly lanceolate, to
across,
occasionally
connecting
tuber. Leaves
absent
absent
scattered
interconnected. Stems
largely
condensed tuber
Spines
The later cavities whitish, added
yellowish. and
the first
large;
cm
36,
oblate, occasionally
or
dark brown.
to
pale
or
grey
VOL.
are
heterostylous (or homostylous).
of Anthorrhiza
Huxley
& Jebb.
C.R.
1-4
Calyx 2-5
mm;
cream,
& M.H.P. Jebb:
Huxley
Corolla white,
mm.
yellow, pale
or
greenish white, rarely turquoise,
dark blue. Pollen
p.m; apertures bordered
lobed. Drupe
12 mm, orange
to
Distribution
to
with
3-porate
red.
Pyrenes
23
11-20
lobes
mm;
Anthers
absent).
1-5
mm,
without 3 vesicles,
or
not; reticulation fine
or
South-eastern Papua
-
Anthorrhiza
genus
new
of hairs in the corolla tube present (or
ring
100(-150)
The
to coarse.
602-8-
Stigma
2-8.
New Guinea: Owen
the
Stanley Mountains,
Huon Peninsula, d'Entrecasteaux Islands, Woodlark Island, Louisiade
Sattelbergs,
Archipelago (fig. 1). Ecology
-
turbed forest, with cies
on
agricultural
Hydnophytum are
cockroaches
by
or
3000
to
several of the
lizards. In
one
on
poor soil. Often
species
species
are
sympatric.
or
dis-
growing
Two spe-
the others may contain centi-
(Iridomyrmex);
ants
Found in undisturbed
m.
in stunted forest
or
Myrmecodia,
or
level
sea
trees,
inhabited
regularly
pedes, beetles,
from
epiphytic,
All
rainwater is
generally
present,
sometimes with cockroaches.
Historical
note
The first
of Anthorrhiza to be collected
specimen
in the Central Province,
large ly,
which I gave
to
plant,
snow
fitting
Just
not
was
number, of
given
does
description
two
no
months later
when she collected
yielded
3
Mary
small very
a
was
"an
by
Carr in 1935,
at
find
a
interesting
was
Boridi
simple
spiny Myrmecophilum [sic]
number; however,
with
a
specimen
of A.
chrysacantha
part of the mixed collection Carr 14659 (A).
Clemens collected Anthorrhiza echinella
was
specimens
species
a
comprise
hafen, Morobe Province. It
tions
diary:
white flowers." (MS in Natural History Museum, London). Unfortunate-
this collection this
who noted in his
this
near
species
that CRH
recognised
as
a
Finsch-
near
distinct genus
Lae in 1975. The 4th and 5th Archbold
expedi-
from the d'Entrecasteaux Islands: Anthorrhiza bracteosa, A.
areolata, and A. recurvispina. Streimannand Kairo discovered A. mitis in 1967. The Mount
Suckling expedition
A. caerulea on Mt Kaindi, MHPJ recollected all
a
of 1972
species
ough morphological study
to
produced
A. stevensii. In
surprisingly ignored species
on
a
1974 CRH collected
well visited mountain.
except A. stevensii in 1983 and 1984,
enabling
a
thor-
be made.
Discussion The genus is characterised by its which branches and
large
and
ridges bearing spines
centrally positioned inflorescences,
occur
between the
However the vascularization of these inflorescences requires date their
further
study
to
in
areas.
eluci-
morphology.
The tuber and
general morphology
Hydnophytum-like
to
the genera difficult.
of the genus show
Myrmecodia-like. Previously
the
little-branched stems of
gross
Myrmecodia,
of tuberous Rubiaceae genera
a
remarkable range from
This variation makes instant recognition of
smooth tuber and slender branched stems,
Guinean
flower-bearing
morphology
versus
the
of
Hydnophytum
densely spined
made field identification of the a
simple
task.
with its
tuber and thick
Papua
New
BLUMEA
24
Fig. 2.
Anthorrhiza
petiolar stipules;
c.
echinella half
Huxley
flower;
d. bud
VOL.
& Jebb.
(a,
b:
a.
36,
No.
Habit;
UPNG
b.
3463:
1,
1991
stem and inflorescences
c, d: Jebb
341).
showing
inter-
C.R.
KEY
la.
Spines present
b. 2a.
Stem
spines
& M.H.P.
Huxley
TO
THE
Jebb:
SPECIES
3a.
scattered
but
on
Inflorescence with
usually
dense
OF
Anthorrhiza
genus
25
ANTHORRHIZA
2
very few
or
6
on
confined
exclusively,
not
cushion in the leaf axil. Leaves 4-10
Spines
new
on stem
absent
Spines largely,
b.
The
stem.
Leaves
cm
the inflorescence
fleshy ridges separating
Inflorescence without
ridges
wide
4
flower producing tissue. Anthers
greenish-white.
of tissue.
Spines straight,
cream
b.
Lamina less than 8 Lamina
more
Stem dorsi-ventral,
5a.
Leaf b.
Stem
margin
2.
more
Spines light
brown.
Spines golden
Leaf
by leathery
covered
to
blackish.
8.
A. caerulea
margin
flat. Corolla
7.
or
A. stevensii
brown
crinkled.Corolla blue
Inflorescence sunken
A.
chrysacantha
and papery bracts. Fruit with 4-8 pyrenes
by
a
A.
bracteosa
dense cushion of bract hairs. Fruit with 2 7
pyrenes 7a.
Tuber surface smooth. Leaves
to
17
x
7
cm.
Inflorescence
3.
Tuber surface areolate. Leaves
to
11
4 cm.
x
Inflorescence
5.
Anthorrhiza mitis
Anthorrhiza
Anthorrhiza
Tuber
echinella
lanceolata
tubus
Huxley
&
albus,
lobi
Worthing
Spines
0.3-0.6
cm,
Huxley
Jebb,
Jebb
Bull. Jard.
obovata,
usque
spinosa, spinis
in
Belg.
10
x
60
cm.
(holo UPNG;
iso
to
420.
(1990)
ad
inflorescentias
Stipulae triangulares,
parietibus angustis
Antherae cremeae.
out-
areolata
2.
pauci, spinis plerumque
ad 29
irregularly stellate,
sharp, yellow
Fig.
Bot. Nat.
slightly flattened,
to
—
armatum. Caules
ramosis
viridi-albi.
numerous,
&
A.
in
areolata
Anthorrhiza
UPNG 3463
Tuber suborbicular, grey.
&
usque
Inflorescentia dense
Corollae nea,
Huxley
globosum, spinis
limitatis. Folia tentes.
echinella
mitis
A.
arch-shaped
line
1.
cordate in
narrowly
outline b.
on
5 upper side.
on
4. b.
sparse
recurvispina
6.
spines
radially symmetrical.
Inflorescence covered
echinella
long
cm
white 6a.
A.
long
cm
than 10
A.
Spines gently curved, usually
tuber. Corolla white. Anthers blue 4a.
a
3 cm
1. b.
forming
wide less than 4
usually
tuber. Corolla lobes
to
Pyrenae
inter
4-6.
areas
—
satis
persis-
florigeras impositis.
Typus: Papua New
Gui-
A, FHO, K, L, LAE).
18
cm
25
tall,
1.0-1.8
cm
blackish. Holes scattered
cm
long,
over
diameter, smooth, side branches
c.
6,
tuber surface, 0.2-5
26
BLUMEA
VOL.
36,
No.
1,
1991
399). Jebb from (all
pyrenes f.
& e.
fruit; d.
flower; mature c.
bud; b.
Habit; a.
Jebb. &
Huxley
recurvispna Anthor iza 3.
Fig.
C.R.
Huxley
Stems few,
drying pinkish.
sue
new
intemodes 5-8
0.4(-1.4)
in lines
Lamina 15x6-29x10
along
yellow-white.
triangular,
to
cm
spines. Up
15-20
to
4
to
flowering-bearing
wall of tissue 0.2-0.5
narrow
spines; spines
to
2
uous,
to
2
papery,
cm
mm.
Flowers [7]
above disc, membraneous
slightly
white; lobes greenish white,
with anthers
at
small vesicles; unknown.
mouth of tube, 60-72 4
Pyrenes
Ecology monly
on
x
contain
Notes
—
a
stigma
Generally
ring
with
often
branched
by
surrounded
by
surmounted
by
branched. Bracts 2-3
Stipules
oblong,
inconspic-
level with
mm,
scales. Corolla 15-18
flaky
or
mm,
of hairs below the middle of the tube.
stigma
exserted.
Brevistyle
cream.
reticulation medium to
pores,
flowers
Pollen with 3 Fruit
coarse.
mm.
riparian
but
to
being
level of hairs. Anthers
at
yellowish.
thick,
cm
canicu-
midrib, with alter-
oval
of 1-3
stellately
or
level of hairs,
disturbed forest
or
Casuarina and other
codia tuberosa Jack.
A
mm.
at
1.3
groups
heterostylous. Calyx
large irregular
6, 3
In coastal,
-
found
|im
to
phyte. Always ant-inhabited,
only
4
c.
flowers with anthers
Longistyle
to
Inflorescence
and 0.1-0.2
margin,
at
few,
a
spreading.
prominent below,
covered and surrounded
areas,
irregularly
and
long,
grey green;
scattered. Leaves
rounded below,
cm,
high
cm
semi-pendulous,
stipules (fig. 2b),
rarely
brown.
densely
cm,
Tuber tis-
by spines.
cm,
inflorescences, but also
to
below. Midrib
0-2(-3.5)
1.5
x
2.5
x
27
obovate, apex acute, base tapered, leathery
pale
long, fairly persistent,
raised in the centre,
100
12-17, almost perpendicular
Veins
nate, very faint veins. Petiole 1
to
occluded
or
to
from
or
ridges,
lanceolate
cm,
green above,
brittle, dark glossy
late above,
stem
Anthorrhiza
genus
restricted
long. Spines largely
cm
long,
cm
rarely branched,
ridges descending
with 2 rounded
upcurving,
a
The
M.H.P. Jebb:
in diameter, with raised rims, often surrounded
cm
to
&
not
open-canopied
level
at sea
trees.
Low
with any great specificity.
found in
some
to
1000
m.
Com-
middle level
to
epi-
Found with Myrme-
numbers, but individual trees usually
few scattered individuals.
The
spiny
similar to that of A.
inflorescence and otherwise smooth
recurvispina,
see
species
there. This
stem
of this
species
A. clemensii in
was
is
Huxley
(1981). The
specific epithet
small sea-urchins
Collections hafen
07°
25'
06°
53'
39094
Clemens
146°
37' growing
341
(A, L, LAE),
road
just
N
2.
5950
Anthorrhiza
Tuber
iso
SE 06°
147°
(K, L, LAE),
Pass, Huxley
&
343
1 km
NGF
(LAE)
NW
47' Qwembung, Finsch-
147°
45103
Lae
(LAE);
3463
Subprovince,
Kairo
&
(BRI, CANB, K, L, LAE);
NGF 44188
of Perakles
and 605
UPNG
Worthing
33'
10' Buso,
Subprovince, Streimann
Patep Creek,
recurvispina
paucis.
Inflorescentia
alba. Antherae
BO, K, L).
25'
Streimann
Huxley
globosum, spinis sparsis simplicibus
gulares, caducae. Corolla
Lae
beside
Province: 07°
(A, BRI, CANB, K, L);
Pass
06°
Lae-Bulolo
on
53'
146°
37'
(type). Fly Island,
road,
Lae-Bulolo
c.
80 km
S of
(UPNG).
inflorescentiam
praeter
A;
342
of Perakles
UPNG
(A, G, L);
(A, CANB, K, L, LAE),
Jebb
Salamoa,
1266
15' Lasanga Island,
147°
which look like
spine-covered inflorescences,
PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Morobe
-
Subprovince,
Emos NGF
describes the
pin-cushions.
or
Folia
ovata
Pyrenae
4.
—
Jebb, spec.
vel
usque
spinifera, spinis
caeruleae.
&
pauce
ramosis
obovata,
sensim
Typus:
nov.
usque
curvatis, Louisiade
—
Fig.
armatum.
ad
inter
22
x
areas
3.
Caules
10
cm.
pauci, spinis
Stipulae
florigeras
Archipelago, Brass
trian-
abeuntibus. 28346
(holo
28
BLUMEA
VOL.
36,
No.
1,
1991
558). Jebb from (all
pyrene d.
fruit; c.
bud; and
flower b.
Habit; a.
Jebb. &
Huxley mitis
Anthor iza 4.
Fig.
C.R.
Tuber
irregular, oblong-ovoid
with green brown, like
scurfy layer
scattered
spines
more
numerous
on
50
to
upcurving there. Two
35
to
cm,
cm
to
more
spine-like
clustered, 0.2-0.4
Lamina 10
spreading.
green. Leaves lax,
obovate, apex broadly acute, base acute, glossy rib
above and below, whitish;
prominent
Petiole 1.0
triangular,
1.5
x
Flower-bearing
appearing amongst 1-2
c.
disc.
Bud
hairs, 2
cm,
broad, slightly
more
exserted
Stigma
to
subglobose,
to
6
4
mm
Epiphyte usually larly
In rain forest
-
low
at
Notes
-
ant
stems
its less
entrance
cences
to
4
to
20
to
mm,
75 pm,
or more
of this
regular
species and
acuminate,
to
of
circular
to
intrapetiolar
to
cordate,
the
to
spines
narrowed towards
lobes
4
to
mar-
above level of
at or
a
mm;
3
c.
ring
of
partly
mm,
Fruit
long, papillose. remains.
calyx
top forest, from
in small groups
or
to
Pyrenes
4,
long.
open ridge
Iridomyrmex
ovate
below. Mid-
unbordered; reticulation fine.
disc and
prominent mm
to
with
irregularly branched, flexible, curved,
middle level of the forest. Often found in
the
by
The
tinguished by ber of
to
solitary specimens
as
inhabited
acute
impression
than V2 way up the tube. Anthers
with
obovoid, triangular in section,
Ecology
the
giving
from corolla mouth, 4-lobed; lobes
long,
mm
cm,
pale
separated by compacted bracts,
exserted, blue. Pollen with slight vesicles,
longer
7-9, with alternate faint veins.
c.
heterostylous. Calyx
Corolla white,
strongly 4-angled.
10
x
dark green above,
veins
ex-
restricted
junction
near
22
-
Inflorescence sessile,
2
areas
these. Flowers [7]
4
thin membraneous with minute brown scales,
mm,
mm
to
tuber and
near
Stipules triangular,
from stem, often
fertile axils, caducous.
brown.
to
white.
cm,
regularly spined. Spines
cm,
yellow
gin,
(-8)
long, brown, tearing
cm
stipules opposite 4
2.5-6
on more
diameter, with
cm
Spines largely
x
root-
pendulous,
rarely branching, weakly
often sterile
cm,
long
to
sometimes branched, often
inflorescences, rarely elsewhere, branched, root-like, especially tuber, grey
short
Sparse,
reddish. Stems few,
drying
29
semi-pendent, smooth,
across,
cells.
from between the leaves.
ridges descending
Anthorrhiza
genus
stiffer and
scattered
internodes 3-8
cm;
new
epidermal
becoming
numerous,
1.5
x
The
oblate,
surface, 0.3-2.0
rims. Tuber tissue
prominent
or
of brown
host tree,
near
surfaces. Holes
posed
& M.H. P. Jebb:
Huxley
growing
sea
some
with
level
300
to
m.
abundance, but
Hydnophytum. Regu-
scrutator.
similar
are
more
to
A. echinella from which it is tuber with
sparsely spined
a
far greater
dis-
num-
holes; its rounded leaves with longer petioles; its smaller inflores-
with fewer, often
slightly recurved,
thicker
spines
which
are not
mounted on
thin walls; and its white corolla with blue anthers. The
name
Collections S
slopes
of Mt
(BRI, LAE). Sudest
Is.,
recurvispina
-
PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Louisiade
Sisa,
11°
Missima
22'
154°
Brass 27967
Is.,
subglobosum,
alba.
NGF 30756
399
12'Rossel Is.,
spines.
Archipelago, Milne Bay
(CANB),
Brass
the curved
400
28346
(LAE),
(type).
Antherae
(holo LAE;
laeve. Caules
plures,
401
11°
Prov.
SE
10°
(LAE, UPNG),
30'
Pyrenae
BULOLO).
nov. — Fig.
laeves. Folia ovata
Inflorescentia
caeruleae. iso
& Jebb, spec.
Huxley
Stipulae rotundatae, persistentes. Corolla
Jebb
to
153°
24'
W
39'
402
152°
48'
(LAE),
403
slopes
of
MtRiu,
(A, K, L).
3. Anthorrhiza mitis
Tuber
draws attention
2.
usque
4.
obovata, usque
elongato-cordata, pulvinus pilorum
—
Typus: Papua
New
Guinea,
in
ad
17
caule
Streimann
x
7 cm.
infossa.
&
Kairo
BLUMEA
30
Tuber
subglobose,
VOL.
flattened
slightly
smooth, without spines, silvery-grey tered, 0.2-1.0 horizontal
upcurving, arising
to
from below the
running
to
acute, base
shortly
attenuate,
7
x
(15
distinct veins,
rounded, white. Stipules semi-circular,
irregular brown.
0.3
to
process
persistent,
cm,
cushion of brown bract hairs 0.5-0.8 smooth
hollow with age. Soft
or
lucent, with small brown scales, lobes
long;
absent. Anthers 0.2
c.
above anthers
or
1.5
at or
more
above
exserted, 2-lobed, lobes to 1.5 to a
7
at
cm,
2
to
arising
mm,
first
compact
becoming
from within the in-
V2
than
of
ring
mm.
slight ridge
hairs, pale
3.5
to
or
blue. Filaments
Stigma immediately
Fruit obovoid, with
the inner surface,
on
11
to
way up inside the tube,
prominent
semi-circular
long, orange-red, glossy. Pyrenes 2,
mm
a
or
dark
drying
margin 4-dentate, trans-
pores bordered, reticulation fine.
pm;
calyx remains,
2.5
c.
cm,
central hooked
a
after leaves,
above level of disc. Corolla waxy white,
of hairs
ring
immediately
mm,
in section, obovoid, with ish
A
mm.
Pollen 62-74
mm.
disc and
2.5
c.
also sometimes
spines
and
pale
Petiole 1.0-3.5
with
x
sil-
above and below; veins
falling 4
thick,
obovate, apex blunt
green above,
glossy
below.
to
cm
scales of bark,
corky
and papery bract remains,
[3] heterostylous (?). Calyx
florescence. Flowers
mm
long
1.0—1.7
with 2 rounded rid-
ovate to
long,
cm
sometimes
cm
with
cm,
obscure
sunken, narrowly cordate,
Inflorescence
clus-
occasionally
by
cm
length,
prominent
0.7
to
in
dark
leathery, brittle,
dull below. Midrib rounded, translucent below, 10-12 with alternate less
8)
x
100
to
cm
rough,
surface
stipules;
horizontal. Surface
cm,
whitish. Stems several, unbranched,
drying
from boss-like base,
lamina 10 x 3.5 -17 very grey. Leaves:
26
x
brown. Holes scattered,
thickest in fertile internodes. Internodes 2.5-6.0 ges
1991
1,
conical, 30
to
to
diameter. Tuber tissue
cm
No.
36,
mm
long,
brown-
yellow. Ecology
(-2000) with
m
In disturbed or open forest, sometimes in
-
altitude. Middle
Hydnophytum,
Notes
usually
to
high
ant
level
to
inflorescences. The tuber is smooth and warted and smooth-walled, do more
compact in size
fers in
single specimen
collected
lacking style
a
The
not
name
902
from Milne
-
be far
to
(type).
(LAE).
longer
by large
large
09°
in its
pulvinate
and the cavities
funnel-like entrance holes, and
are
are
bulbous chambers of A. areolata which are
the inflorescence dif-
longer,
Bay
Province has
unusually are
than the corolla tube,
species
is
small leaves and
somewhat anomalous,
being
c.
1
mm
long.
The
twisted in the unopen-
heterostylous.
the smooth, defenceless surface of the tuber.
PAPUA NEW GUINEA. SE 09°
600- 800
larger.
clear whether this
(LAE, UPNG). 30756
are
particularly
quite regular, however,
altitude. The flowers of Jebb 155
15'
28' Sogeri Subdistrict,
NGF
Gay
to
refers
Provinces.
147°
the
areas,
always by Iridomyrmex species.
of hairs, and with the anthers mounted on filaments
ring
Collections
558
high
also appears
ed bud. It is
Bay
at
open
to
not
A. areolata,
In addition the internodes
and the leaves
shape,
The was
ants.
occupied by
not
are
not
compared
but
occupied,
Anthorrhiza mitis is similar
-
agricultural
epiphyte, nearly always solitary. Growing
25'
Milne
147°
Sogeri
Plateau and Owen
37' Central, Naoro,
on tree
Stanley foothills, Central
by airstrip,
1 km before Ower's Comer on road from 147°
Bay,
25'
end of road
near
Bonenau
Jebb
Ilolo,
Jebb 152
past Eilolo, Sogeri Subdistrict,
village,
upper
slopes
155
of Mt
and Milne
(LAE).
09°
22'
(A, K, L, LAE),
Streimann
& Kairo
Mon, Daga Subprov.,
C.R.
4. Anthorrhiza
bracteosa
subglobosum,
Tuber
spinis
raris
& M.H.P.
Huxley
gulares, persistentes.
&
Huxley
foraminibus
basin. Folia
prope
Jebb: The
multis
lanceolata
obovata,
370
(holo LAE;
iso
Tuber flattened,
circular, 0.2-0.5
eral, occasionally near
spherical
cm
irregularly cylindrical, spines, silvery
24
ad
5.5 cm.
x
—
branching,
100
to
1.4
x
20
to
light
to
spreading.
x
25(-35)
numerous,
acute to
acuminate; base tapering
to
(24
pale
5.5)
x
thin
petiole;
green
lanceolate
cm,
leathery,
to
a
few short
silvery
grey
triangular,
brownish
covered
elliptic, grey
cm,
obovate; apex
to
mid green above,
small dark brown flakes,
numerous
white, waxy,
to
16
lobes 3
mm;
side the tube. Anthers 2-3
58-89(-150) fine
stigma above
|im
at
tube
ring
apex. In
of hairs.
with
long,
triangular
in
stunted
phytum
-
Stigma
at
4
3
mm
vegetation
on
ring
at
the
anthers
at
a
ring
1.3
to
heterostylous,
slight
mm.
distinctly with
dentations. Corolla to
l
h
way
up
in-
Pollen 3-vesiculate, reticulation
of hairs, '/2 way up
tube apex,
to
long,
cm
margin,
slight border;
both
at
the tube
mouth.)
and disc remains, red.
Fruit
tube,
stigma immediately
oblong-ovate,
Pyrenes 4, 6,
or
to
1.0
8, elliptic,
long. sea
frequent high
level
level
1600
to
m.
On
Normanby
Island it grows
sites, with Anthorrhiza areolata and Hydno-
poor-soil
epiphyte,
often found in
some
lower altitudes where individual trees may contain
plants. Only occasionally
bracts
of hairs '/3
with
irregular,
anthers
circular
length,
6-fid, generally larger in brevistyle flowers. (In 2
or
stigma
In rain forest from
spp. A
ticularly
to
narrow
brevistyle flowers,
prominent calyx
in section,
Ecology
A
entire with 4
pale blue; filaments 1-2
mm,
longistyle flowers,
collections the anthers and cm
mm.
[21]
pale
6-10.
c.
long, persistent,
cm
in
cm
membraneous towards
mm,
margin
in diameter; apertures
medium. In
to
2-3
2
leathery
to
papery
0.7
to
to
with fine bract hairs. Flowers
winged. Calyx
bud
quadrangular;
grey.
Stipules triangular,
Inflorescence sessile,
by triangular, acuminate,
dark brown,
to
white.
Leaves
grey-brown.
to
sev-
erect, smooth
rounded, and with
more
cm,
or
openings
Stems
drying reddish, granular. sinuous
horizon-
cm,
below; margin inrolled when dry. Midrib sharply triangular, whitish; veins
to
usque
Typus: Papua New Guinea,
browni Holes
subpendent,
cm,
Lamina 7x2—17x7
erect to
Petioles 3-5
vel
trian-
Stipulae
in diameter, with raised rims; also occasional slit-like
the tuber; internodes 0.5-6.0
near
spines
or
without
4-angled, slightly ridged, becoming
apex,
pauci, quadrangulares, inermes
usque
Pyrenae 4-8.
in semi-circular arrays. Tuber tissue
arranged
5.
BRI, L).
clasping, smooth,
tal and
Fig.
—
31
grandibus, triangularibus, acuminatis, chartaceis
coriaceis dense vestita. Corolla alba. Antherae caeruleae. Jebb
nov.
Caules
asperum.
Anthorrhiza
genus
Jebb, spec.
usque
bracteis
Inflorescentia
new
inhabited by ants,
more
large
abundance, parnumbers of these
usually by cockroaches,
beetles
and other invertebrates. Notes a
lesser
-
The
degree
large
bracts
species readily distinguish where
a more
covering
of Anthorrhiza
the inflorescence in this
species
are a
feature to
however, the dense spines of the latter
chrysacantha;
it. Anthorrhiza bracteosa is variable
on
Normanby Island,
compact form is found in the very stunted and open forests
on
nutrient poor soils of Mt Bwebwesu and Mt Pabinama. This differs from the usual rain forest form in
having
smaller and thicker leaves, and characters maintain the
a
integrity
erect
less
stems
regular
of the
with
highly
condensed internodes,
tuber. Inflorescence,
species.
the
more
flower,
and
pollen
32
Fig. style
BLUMEA
5. Anthorrhiza flower
(a—c:
bracteosa
Jebb
372;
Huxley
d: Jebb
VOL.
& Jebb. a.
370).
36,
Habit;
No.
1,
b. stem
1991
detail;
c.
longistyle flower;
d. brevi-
C.R.
On
Island the
Goodenough
its range 6
lobes
usual.
are
the other from
28814),
& M.H.P. Jebb: The
Huxley
Collections
Woodlark 24736
above
(FHO, K). Mts
(A, L). Fergusson Is.,
Bosalewa
&
Is., Kulumadau,
1033
Is., Gay
UPNG 3497
Jebb 370
Bay, Normanby Is., (FHO, LAE).
384
(K, LAE),
02'
10°
(L),
(type),
00'
151°
385
NW
Tuber omnino 11
4
x
in
pulvinus pilorum
subglobose, with
rough, areolate, and
25710
separated by
35
to
narrow
sionally branching,
a
with
Leaves
ridge
erect
with
Corolla iso
to
with
a
2.0
to
dense
x
1.3
cm or
papillose
track to Sewa
373
Brass 25536
Fig.
oblonga,
[3]
0.3-1.0
6.
basi
obovata,
2.
T
—
usque
densus
complanata,
percaeruleae. Pyrenae
long;
1.0-1.5
more,
raised
slightly
at
deep blue,
in
c.
4
cm
cm,
in diameter, 0.9-2.5
at stem
to
smooth,
stipules,
6
cm
cm
upcurving.
to
tapering
0.15 but
surrounded by
a
reddish-brown.
petiole, stiff, leathery,
cm,
of
to
0.4
to
0.5
tissue cm
to
0.3
long,
cm
and
Calyx
to
2
longistyle
c.
1
mm or
Ecology stunted
more
-
in
Only
A
ring
flowers
mm,
at same
of hairs
at
with
a
level
2
h
membraneous,
way up
as
disc.
worn.
node,
high;
filled
papery bract
length.
Fruit
known from
Dacrydium forest,
3-5
apex of tube, exserted in
brevistyle
a
very small
high,
on
area
of unusual
mm
to
12
long,
flowers. Pol-
Stigma
ovoid-oblong, orange-red. Pyrenes
m
darkly
wet.
flecked
Corolla white,
the tube. Anthers 2
63-73 pm, reticulation fine to medium.
c.
cm
next
less central towards
stem
dark
veins
long, persistent, becoming
cm
cushion of bract hairs
narrowly
brittle,
not
prominent below, white;
becoming
ridge
Nodes
when sterile and
glossy,
rounded, white. Stipules semi-circular, to
in
when fertile with
6x2-11x4 apex. Lamina
below. Midrib rounded,
mm.
len with small vesicles,
s:
edges
brown. Stems several,
inflorescence,
to
opposite
clustered
heterostylous.
lobes
u
y p
host; surface without spines,
on
cm across,
drying pinkish
margin, infundibular, rarely cylindrical, mm
381
(A, L).
remains, becoming hollow with age; hairs reddish when dry, dark brown when Flowers
374
(A, LAE),
Bay, Normanby Is., Jebb
inermes. Folia anguste
strongly zigzagged,
to
acute, base
cm,
Antherae
Dennis
airport,
occa-
Inflorescence sunken, basally axillary, oblong,
plures,
decumbent
cm,
blunt central process
a
Esa-ala
airport along
river, Normanby Is.,
—
Near
Solomonai,
A, K, L).
decurrent from
pale
58'
24798,
(A, K, L).
of Mt
slopes
(LAE, UPNG),
Inflorescentia
alba.
150°
27122
cm
7-9, obscure. Petiole 1-2
long,
Caules
NE
Esa-ala
nov.
Brass
Goodenough Is.,
above Sewa
Jebb, spec.
areolatum.
25
53'
372
Prov. SE 09°
Tuber tissue
side
on
(spreading),
green above,
x
barely
ridges
two
obovate, apex blunt
glossy
&
Lebudowa
of
150° 47 09°
(LAE).
Bay
fissures, dull brown in colour. Holes few, 0.2-3.0
100
to
internodes
raised
single
then
58'
Milne
Is.,
logging area, Guasopa Subprov.,
Ailuluai, Brass
Bwebwesu,
irregular polygons
diameter, funnel-shaped.
prominent,
150°
(holo LAE;
slopes
(CANB, K, LAE), of Mt
Huxley
infossus.
caule
Brass
Normanby Is.,
E
and
150° 57' 2 km from
Stipulae rotundatae, persistentes.
cm.
Tuber
371
03'
inerme, asperum
367
Ledau
09° 45
(LAE).
(LAE), 54'
slopes
10°
(LAE).
5. Anthorrhiza areolata
ad
09°
(UPNG).
of
have broken
to
appears
and Woodlark
(A, L).
Agamoia
1105
Jebb 366
Esa-ala, Normanby Is.,
rest
the corolla mouth.
15'
150°
22'
between
village, Fergusson Is., Gay
Menzies
at
Brass 28814
09°
while in the
stigmas,
Normanby ( Jebb 366)] heterostyly
PAPUA NEW GUINEA. D'Entrecasteaux
-
152° 46' Woodlark
33
other collections [one from Woodlark (,Brass
two
down, both anthers and stigma being found
05'
Anthorrhiza
genus
collections have 4-fid
two
In
new
with 2 lobes
2.
vegetation:
open, very
red, apparently nutrient-poor
soil, cap-
34
BLUMEA
VOL.
36,
No.
1,
1991
flower
brevistyle d.
flower;
longistyle c.
flowers); as
scale same
25710). Brass d:
(to
buds b.
382;
Jebb
Habit; (a—c: a.
Jebb. &
Huxley
areolat
Anthor iza 6.
Fig.
C.R.
epiphyte,
Notes
cases,
holes
mitis, being its
and
surfaced tuber, shorter
Collections -
383
LAE, UPNG), 25710
Antherae
of Mt
slopes
by funnel-shaped
to
that found in A.
distinguished
and smaller inflorescence.
areolate surface of the tuber, which
roughened,
above
Bwebwesu,
10° 04'
&
Huxley
complanatum, spinis simplicibus
bractearum
caeruleae.
archipelago, Normanby Is.,
Sewa
Bay, Normanby Is.,
150° 59' Mt
Milne
Jebb
Prov.
Bay
382
(BRI, L,
Pabinama, Normanby Is.,
Brass
usque ad
7,5
Jebb,
et ramosis.
3
x
3 vel 4.
Caules
—
Fig.
plures,
7.
sparse
dense
usque
Stipulae orbiculares, persistentes.
cm.
Corolla
aliquot spinis repleta.
et
Pyrenae
nov.
spec.
—Typus: Papua
lobis
alba,
interdum
Guinea, Stevens
New
pallidis
LAE
spinosi.
Inflorescentia
55709
viridibus.
(holo LAE;
BRI, CANB, K, L).
Tuber flat,
or
5
clasping,
3 side branches),
branching, spines
as
to
on
40
1
x
to
20
x
elliptic
to
cm,
smooth, blackish. Holes unknown. Spines vari-
rarely branched, 0.8
cm,
obovate, apex blunt
paler
orbicular, with
a
to
to
1.2
cm.
acute, base
cordate
papery bract remains, these
to
to
numerous
pm,
above
Growing ited
-
with
or not.
with or
lobes
calyx remains,
Ecology
mm;
On
to
1.5
spines, sparsely 0.6
cm.
Spines
x
0.7
to
x
2
to
0.5-0.7
black flecks
green,
(probably
below the anthers, to
0.5
orange.
mm.
Fruit
Pyrenes
ridge top
or
3
or
veins obscure, 0.6
x
to
stem
ridge;
stiffly branching, arising to
1
mm,
uncus c.
mm;
mouth of tube,
blue in
longistyle to
4, obovoid, trees
Merr. &
2
nearly
cm,
vivo)-,
c.
chartaceous. 1
mm.
1.5
filaments
A
ring
mm
long,
2
mm.
to
pores unbordered; reticulation fine.
globose,
river side
Myrmecodia pendens
cm,
filled with bract hairs and
densely
heterostylous. Calyx
vesicles; very small
3
x
sunken and surrounded by
cm,
at
7.5
petiole; leathery, drying thick,
root-like
lobes sometimes pale
cm;
dense, irregularly
or
Lamina 4.5
large,
inside the corolla tube. Anthers
way up
Stigma 4-fid,
and
14
to
brevistyle stigma
cm,
Intemodes 1-3
triangular, prominent below;
oval,
within the inflorescence. Flowers [4]
the walls with
tapering
Stipules persistent,
rim of tissue which may bear
Pollen 75-100
erect.
Stems several,
pale tips.
erect.
0.6
to
to
to
blunt, slightly hooked, central process, contiguous with
persistent. Inflorescence
Corolla white,
Leaves
cm.
below. Midrib
4-6. Petiole 0.5-1.5
V2
dense, stout, and irregularly branched
tuber, either sparse rarely branched,
dark green above,
of hairs
or
dark brown with
drying
(excluding spines), spreading
cm
branched (3-6 side branches)
a
cavities which open
large
zigzagged intemodes,
(K, LAE).
386
(FHO),
able: sparse, flexuous and
c.
A
Hyd-
species.
elliptica usque obovata,
infossa, pilis
(2
m.
with
(type).
Tuber
iso
600-750
at
tuber cavities contain rainwater, cock-
occupied;
describes the
this
6. Anthorrhiza stevensii
Folia
2
ground, generally solitary, growing
PAPUA NEW GUINEA. DEntrecasteaux
151° 00'
of about 50 km
35
cushion of bract hairs. Anthorrhiza areolata is
specific epithet
10° 02'
ant
Anthorrhiza
genus
the upper surface. The inflorescence is similar
to
readily distinguishes
SE
above the
new
occasionally geckos.
pulvinate
a
rough
The
m
The
an area
The tuber of A. areolata has
-
entrance
1.5
to
up
and A. bracteosa. Not
nophytum roach egg
by
M.H.P. Jebb:
Mt Pabinama and Mt Bwebwesu,
ping low
&
Huxley
in
flower stigma lobes 8
mm
to
3
long,
mm
montane
Perry
and
with
1.5
mm,
prominent
disc
to
long.
forest,
1600-2000
Hydnophytum.
m.
Ant inhab-
36
BLUMEA
VOL.
36,
No.
1,
1991
5 709). LAE
Stevens c:
b, ;
5 690 LAE
Stevens d:
(a,
flower
brevistyle d.
flower;
longistyle c.
Habit; b. & a.
Jebb. &
Huxley
stev nsi
Anthor iza 7.
Fig.
C.R.
Notes ed
The least known
-
1972 Mt
the
on
&
Huxley
M.H.P. Jebb:
dissimilar, Stevens LAE 55690 having
which
species The
larger,
described
was
The
been collect-
only
morphologically
are
tuber and stem, with
confirm their conspecificity;
shape,
orbicular
stipules
a
Huxley (1981). the
gathered
7 is
figure
characteristic of this
are
in
Myrmecodia hydnostipula
as
37
Stem, flower, and pollen charac-
honours Peter Stevens who
specific epithet
has
taxon
collections
densely spined
leaves.
large
Anthorrhiza
genus
two
a more
fleshy
show the variation. The
to
composite
less
the tuber and leaf
to
new
of Anthorrhiza, this
species
Suckling expedition.
shorter internodes and ters, in addition
The
known collec-
only
tions.
Collections below
River, 149°
05' Scarp
55690
PAPUA NEW GUINEA.
-
of Tantam
Tuber
latius
Guinea,
chrysacantha
quam
spinifero
muro
Jebb
110
cincta. Corolla
(holo LAE;
iso
Jebb, spec.
usque
aureofulvis. ad
base of the
stem.
late; spreading
axis
clasping, lobed, 12
to
Roots with
on
host and
brown. Stems 1-3,
30
x
cm,
cm
long,
in diameter;
cm
erect, somewhat clustered
Lateral veins white.
1.5-2.5
spines.
cm,
5
the tuber.
to
erect,
carpet
base of
45'
Stevens LAE
leathery, mm
to
with
long.
mature
flower.
lobe
0.4
Ring
by
so
long,
spines.
Spines
—
densis-
pauci,
caducae. In-
Typus: Papua New
cm,
2
as
cm
branches
erect
dense, stiff, ir-
side branches 0.9-2.0
[7
cm
near
the
stel-
drying pinkish
including spines],
tuber but
on
0.2-0.6
larger,
to
3.5
cm
first branch, thicken-
cm to
green towards
when
Petiole
rim of
stem
a
filiform
4
mm,
mm, narrow,
obovate,
2-4
winged,
and
irregular,
at
not
cm,
sessile, oval,
and
compacted
appendage
Corolla white,
tapering,
dry;
rounded below.
all
at
along
glabrous,
separated
by
bract
the apex.
stem, also
margin irregular, membraneous,
of hairs absent. Anthers
up tube),
to
tissue surmounted
[8] homostylous, produced
to
apex. Leaves
inrolled when
Inflorescence
separated by spines and
stem
lanceolate
cm,
prominent,
dry.
caducous.
prominent ridges
above anthers (or '/2 way
on
very
Tuber tissue
40 x 3
to
a narrow
areas
with 3 small vesicles, 77 pm; apertures
Stigma
4.
Pyrenae
1.5-3.0
of
spine
less
cm
Flowers
tips
usque
base of tuber and the apex,
below. Midrib whitish,
Calyx cylindrical,
mm;
unus
spine-like branches, occasionally
lucent, and flecked with small brown scales. lobes 5
8.
Fig.
gradually tapered; margin entire,
the whole surrounded
to
—
usually horizontal,
Spines dense,
Individual parts of flowering
Bract hairs
in
Mayu
09°
10-17 in number, often rebranched; central branch
8-10, often obscure,
remains. Bracts
long;
Side of
(type).
Stipulae triangulares,
apex. Lamina 11x2-19x5
pale
Stipules triangular,
Caules
5 cm.
flavae.
spines golden brown,
at
green above,
glossy
a
green.
cm,
apex acuminate, base
leathery;
near
numerous
forming
side branches 2.5
0.3
x
central branch
branching irregularly above;
to
dark
55709
Subprovince,
nov.
black-brown.
upcurved, rarely branched,
internodes 0.5-1.5
length,
19
alba. Antherae
sometimes rebranched. Holes restricted
also
Raba Raba
04'
149°
LAE
A, L).
regularly stellate, golden-brown;
ed,
&
ramosis,
obovata,
usque
main trunk of host tree,
cm,
09°45'
SE
Stevens
Subprovince,
Huxley
dense
altius, spinis
Tuber broader than tall,
in
Province.
Bay
plateau overlooking Mayu river,
Folia lanceolata
spinosi.
florescentia
or
Milne
Raba Raba
Suckling,
(L, LAE).
7. Anthorrhiza
sime
Mt
Mayu 2,
to
trans-
17
mm
in bud, reflexed
mouth of tube,
yellow.
Pollen
bordered; reticulation medium.
indistinctly
4-
or
8-lobed. Fruit
globose,
38
BLUMEA
VOL.
36,
No.
1,
1991
605). Jebb from (all
buds
enclosing bracts c.
flower; b.
Habit; a.
Jebb. &
Huxley
chrysacntha Anthor iza 8.
Fig.
&
Huxley
C.R.
M.H.P.
Jebb:
The
new
Anthorrhiza
genus
baccate, surmounted by calyx remains, yellow-orange. 4
oblong,
Ecology this
In disturbed
-
is
epiphyte
Notes
regularly
This
-
flatter clasping with less der lobe
of
comprises The
a
venation and flat
tinguish
to
elliptic
the
scrutator.
condensed and
highly
and tuber. It is
relatively its
distinguished by
its smaller leaves
and its white corolla with
margins,
with
commonly sympatric
Iridomyrmex
stem
in the canopy
High
m.
of Carr 14659, those
albertisii Merr. & to
draws attention
to
Merr. &
pendens
M.
the
the second
Perry,
slen-
large
at
K, L, and LAE, at
duplicate
K also
Perry. which
large golden spines
from A. caerulea in the field, which tends
species
8,
or
has somewhat thicker leaves than the Jebb collections
fragment belonging
specific epithet this
given
ant
remaining duplicates
Myrmecodia
tuber
the
It is
tree.
highly branched, golden spines;
more
Carr 14659 (A)
specimens
by
a
spines obscuring
from Mt Kaindi. Of the are
few in
inhabited
tuber; larger,
prominent tips.
or
resembles A. caerulea in its
species
thick stem, with dense
1200-2200
Nothofagus forest,
usually solitary,
A. caerulea and
4
Pyrenes
in section.
long, triangular
mm
39
be
to
dis-
readily
blackish
more
brown.
Collections on
path
road 174
on
from
to Eddie
(LAE),
PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Central and Morobe Provinces.
-
Bugwev Creek,
176
Mt
to
Mt Koiari,
Tuber
Wau
Kaindi,
Pyrenae
Boridi, Carr
14659
6-8.
—
Inflorescentia
35
to
branched
adjacent
unbranched,
to
the
40
to
x
15
Folia muro
4
cm
branches
5-18 in number,
branches
rebranching
28 to
x
6
(21
pale
tinct. Petiole 3-7
by
x
8.5)
nov.
obovata,
Corolla
UPNG
1.0—1.5
brown
to
to
cm
grey
a narrow
to
black.
173
(CANB, LAE),
near
1
km
down
turn to Eddie Creek
(type).
09°
05'
38'
147°
Fig.
Caules
9.
unus
ad 28
usque
usque 6
x
pallide turcoisina.
3408
pauci,
AnthCrae iso
(holo UPNG;
supra
Stipulae
cm.
tri-
cremeae.
LAE).
long, finely tapered, stiff, straight,
from
a
wall of
short
spines,
at
dense
on
cm
to
cm.
long,
0.3
cm
the inflofes-
confined
and the nodes
apex,
the
(two),
spreading.
to
the
clearly Lamina
obovate, apex acuminate, base finely waved
prominent below;
Stipules triangular,
stem
foot
fleshy
spines largely
at
one
internodes 0.5-1.2
especially
scattered
to
Inflorescence sessile,
tuber base and
tuber, 1.5-2.5
on
apart. Leaves clustered
lanceolate
on
brown. Stems
upcurved;
branched than
3 times; scattered,
creamy white.
spine-topped
—
drying yellowish
arising
cm,
below. Midrib white, cm,
39'
110
blackish. Holes
spines),
more
1.7
cm
cm,
40'
LAE).
petiole, margin slightly recurved, strongly
green above,
drying
are
the lower surface with few
visible as raised lines 0.5-1.2
146°
43' Morobe,
146°
146°
horizontal, smooth, black brown; densely clothed in
and
up
21'
(LAE),
Stems dorsi-ventral, with inflorescences and
upper surface,
tapered
usque
20'
07°
(K, L, LAE),
atrofuscis vestutum.
spinifero cincta.
(excluding
to
and
51'
SE 06°
(LAE).
07°
108
Jebb, spec.
Tuber tissue
Spines dense, stellate, larger
12 x 3 -
&
Jebb
K, L,
non
lanceolata
again, light
stem.
x
cm,
which
spines
branched
occasionally
cence.
(BULOLO).
Typus: Papua New Guinea, Huxley
Tuber conical,
high,
(A;
Huxley
sic dorsi-ventrales.
caducae.
stellately
apex
181
605
Jebb 172
road,
Subprovince
conoideum, spinis densis, ramosis,
spinosi,
angulares,
Shungol, Jebb
from the Mt Kaindi summit
8. Anthorrhiza caerulea
dense
of Mt
(BRI), 177,179 (UPNG),
summit road
Central,
to the summit
circular
tissue
to
0.4
to
cm
to
to
crinkled, dark glossy
veins 0.8
c.
cm
oval, 3x2
high
8-13, very dis-
long, caducous, cm,
surrounded
and 0.1-0.2
cm
thick.
40
Fig.
BLUMEA
9. Anthorrhiza
UPNG
3408).
caerulea
Huxley
& Jebb.
VOL.
a.
36.
No.
Habit; b.
1,
stem
1991
section;
c.
spine;
d.
flower
(all
from
C.R.
also
Spines
Huxley
& M.H.P.
Jebb:
heterostylous. Calyx
mm, cream
c.
tube
pale turquoise;
new
from between the individual
arising
bract remains. Bracts papery,
compacted
The
2
to
7
flower-bearing
mm,
bract hairs
towards apex, lobes
widening
in colour. Pollen 61-90
ed; reticulation fine. In longistyle
pm,
with
c.
inent,
to
5
mm
across,
cm,
mm.
Flowers [5]
strongly
pores
tube mouth, the
at
5x1
c.
5
border-
stigma
stigma
near
and disc remains prom-
triangular
mm,
long,
mm
Anthers
glabrous.
mm,
oblong-ovoid, calyx
Pyrenes 6-8,
orange.
amongst the
areas,
7
flowers the anthers below tube mouth, the
1.2
to
5
large vesicles,
8-lobed, exserted; in brevistyle flowers the anthers base of tube, 4-lobed. Fruit
to
41
membraneous. Corolla to 20
margin entire,
mm,
Anthorrhiza
genus
in section,
dark
grey.
Ecology spicuous a
given
-
forest, 2000
montane
-
3000
Always occupied by Iridomyrmex
The
epithet
caerulea refers
to
Low
m.
low
large Nothofagus, occasionally growing
tree.
Note
Lower
-
on
to
high
in canopy
con-
often abundant in
on trees,
scrutator.
the blue flowers which
are
in the
unique
genus.
Collections of Mt
(L, LAE), 360. 169
PAPUA NEW GUINEA.
-
Shungol, J ebb
(LAE),
07°
170
353
(L),
171
to Mt Kaindi, Jebb 27
on
roadside
3498
200
(UPNG).
Kaisenik
m
40'
(A),
146°
45'
logging road,
on
(LAE),
356
to Eddie
51'
(UPNG),
Creek,
146° 357
28
(LAE),
29
(LAE),
turning, Huxley
Kaisenik Wau
109
(A),
UPNG
logging road,
07°
111
3408
21'
N side of the summit
UPNG
Mt
62284 3410
358
(FHO), 359
summit
146°
(LAE),
(type).
Katik NGF
Subprovince, Huxley
43'
(CANB),
from Mt Kaindi
(FHO), 182,183,184,185(LAE).
(BULOLO),
20'
355
1 km down road
180
SE 06°
Morobe Province.
(BRI),
below Eddie Creek
07°
village
146°
20'
354
(K),
39'
112
road,
(K).
Mt
Kaindi,
Kaindi, Dodd
(LAE).
Jebb
summit road
19 km
UPNG
beyond
(UPNG, L).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Our on
gratitude to
spelling,
our
supervisor
F. White for his continued
and to the artists Eleanor Catherine
and
interest, to
Rosemary
Professor Stearn for advice
Wise.
REFERENCES
HUXLEY,
C.R.
1981. Evolution
mecodia and
HUXLEY, C.R., ceae). JEBB,
&
M.H.P. JEBB.
Bull. Jard.
M.H.P. 1985.
University
and taxonomy of
Hydnophytum (Rubiaceae).
Bot. Nat.
Taxonomy
of Oxford.
1990. New
Belg. and
60:
myrmecophytes
D.Phil. taxa
with
Thesis, University in
the
particular
reference
to
Myr-
of Oxford.
myrmecophilous Psychotrieae (Rubia-
420-421.
tuber
morphology of
the rubiaceous
ant-plants.
D.Phil.
Thesis,
