Liar - Illegal Logging; Perburuan Liar - Poaching; Pencemaran Air - Water ......
Presentation of material usually needed around 30 minutes and 10-15 for a.
FINAL REPORT PRIDE CAMPAIGN PROJECT
SUAKA MARGASATWA SUNGAI LAMANDAU (SUNGAI LAMANDAU WILDLIFE RESERVE) Province of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Eddy Santoso, Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia, Agustus 2010
Bogor, 2010
Preface
by Eddy Santoso
For the last two (2) years I have worked as a campaign manager for the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Project. It has not been easy but definitely very beneficial. This Final Report (and critical analysis) has several objectives and attempts to meet the needs of several audiences. The first and foremost is my Supervisor (Togu Simorangkir) and RARE as well as UTEP as this campaign’s Mentor and Director in documenting the activities done and the results so far. This report (together with the attached Follow Up Plan) is prepared to give RARE and UTEP as well as our other partners (Orangutan Foundation UK, Central Kalimantan Natural Resources Conservation Centre, European Union, the Governments of West Kotawaringin and Sukamara Districts, Generasi Konservasi Kotawaringin Barat/West Kotawaringin Conservation Generation and Green Organization Sukamara as well as the communities in the 12 campaign target villages) a comprehensive report on the campaign project. This report is also a graded assignment for my Master degree in Communication at the University of Texas in El Paso. I would like to use this opportunity to thank all individuals and agencies who have given help for the successful completion of this project including our donors (RARE, the Europeran Union), Orangutan Foundation UK, Central Kalimantan Natural Resources Conservation Centre (in particular the Region II Censervation Section) and our partners within the District Governments of West Kutawaringin and Sukamara and also the staff of the 12 campaign target villages’ governments. I would also like to thank Hari Kushardanto and Ni Putu Sarilani Wirawan (as my Pride Mentors) for their help during my training. My gratitude also goes to Togu Simorangkir, my supervisor, who has trusted me to represent the agency in participating in the RARE Pride Leadership Program. Special thanks to my wife (Isnawiyah) for her belief in me in completing this program and training. Also to my parents and younger brothers and sisters for their moral support; also to my friends at Yayorin and EC Lamandau Project and also the students who are members of Kader Konservasi (Conservation Cadres) in West Kutawaringin and Sukamara as this campaign’s success is the result of their support. This work has been a part of our joint cooperation and shared success.
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Table of Contents Preface.... 2 Table of Contents.... 3 List of Pictures/Figures/Images .... 5 List of Tables .... 7 CHAPTER 1. Executive Summary.... 9 1. Theory of Change Narration .... 9 2. Theory of Change Result.... 10 3. General Overview of Campaign Area .... 10 4. Biodiversity Focus of Campaign .... 12 5. Land Ownership Status, Legal Status and Management of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve .... 13 CHAPTER 2.
Campaign Conceptual Model .... 14
1. Threat Levels Analysis .... 14 CHAPTER 3.
Campaign Creative Summary .... 23
CHAPTER 4. Campaign Activities (Materials and Message Marketing + Barrier Removal) .... 31 1. Activities related to Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Material and Social Marketing.... 31 a. Primary Target Audience :Farmers in the Village of Tempayung and BabualBaboti .... 31 Knowledge.... 31 Attitude and Interpersonal Communication.... 37 Changes in Behaviour .... 42 b. Secondary Target Audience: the Farming Community of the area around Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve .... 49 Knowledge.... 49 Attitude and Interpersonal Communication.... 50 Changes in Behaviour.... 51 c. Additional Targets.... 52 Knowledge.... 52 2. Barrier Removal Activities.... 54
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CHAPTER 5. Campaign Results.... 59 1. Pre and Post Campaign Survey Methods.... 59 2. Building Baseline Data .... 61 3. Survey Comparison Level.... 62 4. Exposure to Pride Campaign Activities .... 63 5. Effects of Pride Campaign on SMART Objectives Knowledge.... 63 a. SMART Primary Target - Farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti .... 63 b. SMART Secondary Target - Farmers in ten (10) other villages around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve.... 64 6. Influence of Pride Campaign on SMART Objectives for Attitude.... 65 a. SMART Primary Target - Farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti.... 65 b. SMART Secondary Target - Farmers in ten (10) other villages around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve... 66 7. Influence of Pride Campaign on SMART Objectives for Interpersonal Communication.... 67 a. SMART Primary Target - Farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti.... 67 b. SMART Secondary Target - Farmers in the other ten (10) villages around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve.... 68 8. Influence of Pride Campaign on SMART Objectives for Behaviour Change.... 69 a. SMART Primary Target - Farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti.... 69 b. SMART Secondary Target - Farmers in ten (10) other villages around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve.... 70 9. Putting a Stop to Slash and Burn Farming and Forest Fires ( BROP Plannings) ... 71 a. Target.... 71 b. Objectives.... 71 c. Methods Used in BROP Evaluation .... 71 d. Proposed Methods of Implementation.... 72 e. Projected Costs of the Project.... 74 f. Implementation of Barrier Removal Operation Plan in the Form of No Burning Permanent Farming Demonstration Plots.... 74 g. Response from the Community.... 75 1. Conservation Accomplishments in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Region.... 76 a. Decrease in Numbers of Forest Fires .... 76 b. Decrease in Logging .... 77 c. Changes in Forest Cover .... 77 d. Increase in Population of Orangutan in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve.... 78 CHAPTER 6.
Campaign Critical Analysis.... 79
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1. Critical Overview .... 79 2. An Overview of the project planning process that finished with Project Planning document .... 79 a. Development of Model Concept .... 79 b. Assessing the Level of Threats .... 80 c. Survey (Quantitative Research) .... 82 d. Barrier Removal Strategies .... 83 3. Implementation Strategies .... 84 a. Capacity .... 84 b. Constituents .... 86 c. Conservation .... 89 4. Theory of Change.... 90 CHAPTER 7. Follow Up Strategies of the Province of Central Kalimantan - Indonesia Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign .... 92 Bibliography.... 121 Glossary .... 122 CHAPTER 8.
Campaign Activities Documents Attached.... 124
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List of Images Image 1. Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve belongs to the Central Kalimantan-SKW II BKSDA (Nature Conservation Agency-Conservation Section Region II) Work Area management (Central Kalimantan BKSDA, 2009) .... 11 Image 2. Orangutan in Camp Gemini Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve (Yayorin doc.) .... 12 Image 3.
Conseptual Model of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve.... 14
Image 4.
Threat Levels in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve.... 15
Image 5.
Forest fires factor chain.... 16
Image 6.
Land clearing factor chain.... 16
Image 7.
Illegal logging factor chain .... 17
Image 8.
Illegal hunting factor chain .... 17
Image 9.
Water pollution factor chain .... 18
Image 10. Results Chains of Problem Reduction Management Strategies in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve.... 19 Image 11. Pins with campaign logo and slogan are distributed to all audiences (students, farmers and local government officials) .... 32 Image 12. Stickers with campaign logo and slogan are distributed to all audiences (students, farmers and local government officials) .... 32 Image 13. The fourth edition of the printed Buletin Sumpitan containing Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign activities .... 33 Image 14. Process of negotiating and making of ILM, Script ILM Kopi Asin and Text of the District Head Summon and Pictures of Talk show .... 34 Image 15. Posters and their distribution to the farmers of the primary target audience.... 35 Image 16.
Village information visit in the campaign mascot costume .... 37
Image 17. Farmer meeting and training in the primary target village discussing permanent farming and its benefits.... 39 Image 18. Design of banners and banners set up in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti .... 40 Image 19.
The Pride T-shirt distributed to the audience .... 41
Image 20. Participants of Comparative Study on Mixed Permanent No Burning Farming in the village of Sintuk, the Sub-District of Kumai 26th-28th April 2010 .... 42 Image 21. Demonstration plot of mixed permanent/no burning plantation in the village of Tempayung .... 44 Image 22. Factsheet of Pride Campaign+ Mixed Permanent No Burning Farming Management Techniques .... 46 Image 23. The First Comparative Study in the mixed field plot belonging to the Sukamara Forestry Office .... 47 Image 24. The second Comparative Study in the mixed permanent farming field belonging to a member of the farmers group in the village of Sintuk, Sub-District of Kumai .... 48
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Image 25.
Calendars and their distribution to the Secondary target audience .... 49
Image 26. Distribution of posters in the secondary target village from farmers’ children to farmers …. 51 Image 27.
The front cover of a participatory video on rubber cultivation .... 52
Image 28. Campaign Mascot has an important role in attracting students to focus to school information activities .... 53 Image 29. Other activities both at and outside school for farmers’ children .... 54 Image 30. Mixed farming demonstration plot management activities from clearing of field to plant care .... 56 Image 31. Pictures of building farming learning center integrated to demonstration plot activities .... 57 Image 32. Pictures of demonstration plot promotional activities. In the picture the European Union Project Evaluation Team and a representative of the Kotawaringin Lama BPP watching the process of permanent no burning mixed farming demonstration plot development processes in the village of Tempayung .... 58 Image 33. 16 hot spot points in 2009 spread out in 4 locations and not found in 2010 = 0 hot spot points (less forst fires) .... 76 Image 34.
In 2009 there were 3 cases og logging found .... 77
Image 35.
Map of changes in forest cover .... 77
Image 36. Released Orangutan in Camp Gemini Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve.... 78 Image 37. Migratory birds returning to and breeding in the lake area of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve May-July 2010 .... 78 Image 38. Forest fires factor chain showing the connection of the fires and hunting techniques .... 80 Image 39. Target farmers ccommunity’s impressions of campaign communication message marketing media .... 88
List of Tables Table 1. Creative Summary: Farmers in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Campaign .... 23 Table 2. Creative Summary for secondary target audience: Farmers Community Around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area .... 25 Table 3. The relationship between target audience, behaviour stages and marketing activities .... 29 Table 4. Results Chain and SMART Objectives on Knowledge for Farmers in the Villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti .... 31 Table 5. Results Chain and SMART Objectives on Attitude and Interpersonal Communication for Farmers in the Villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti.... 37 Table 6. Results Chain and SMART Objectives on Changes in Behaviour for Farmers in the Villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti.... 42 Table 7. Results Chain and SMART Objectives on Knowledge for Farmers Communities in Ten (10) Villages Around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve .... 49
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Table 8. Results Chain and SMART Objectives on Attitude and Interpersonal Communication for Farmers Communities in Ten (10) Villages Around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve.... 50 Table 9. Results Chain and SMART Objectives on Changes in Behaviour for Farmers Communities in Ten (10) Villages Around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve .... 51 Table 10. Marketing Activities Material for target farmers’ children (primary and secondary audience) Around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve .... 52 Table 11. Number of respondents interviewed and geographical distribution of survey.... 61 Table 12. Independent variables to assess the comparability of pre and post campaign surveys.... 62 Table13. Exposures to Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride campaign activities .... 63 Table 14. Changes in knowledge variables between pre and post campaign surveys.... 63 Table 15. Changes in knowledge variables between pre and post campaign surveys .... 64 Table 16. Changes in attitide variables between pre and post campaign surveys.... 65 Table 17. Changes in knowledge variables between pre and post campaign surveys .... 66 Table 18. Changes in interpersonal comminucation variables between pre and post campaign surveys.... 67 Table 19. Changes in knowledge variables between pre and post campaign surveys.... 68 Table 20. Changes in changes in behaviour variables between pre and post campaign surveys.... 69 Table 21. Changes in knowledge variables between pre and post campaign surveys .... 70 Table 22. Differences in Income from activities with and without mixed fields .... 71 Table 23. Information Exposure in various Pride Campaign pemasaran Kampanye Pride .... 87 Table 24. Table for team members and key audience (RACI) .... 100 Table 25.
Follow Up Campaign Operations Activities Plan .... 101
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CHAPTER 1. Executive Summary The executive summary provides a general description of the Pride Campaign, from the location background and the threats to conservation, to the target groups and the Pride programs designed to reach each segment of the target groups. This chapter is best used as a reference after a careful reading of the Project Charter. The Theory of Change Formula K+
A +
IC +
K: Community’s improved knowledge on how permanent agroforestry agriculture without slashand-burn system reduces land clearing pressures
A: Farmers’ affirmation that permanent agroforestry agriculture on their own land is beneficial.
IC: Discussion of the benefits of permanent agroforestry agriculture without slash-andburn system among farmers
BR: Permanent Agroforestry Agriculture
BR
BC: Change from the previous Shifting Cultivation (Slash-andBurn) Behaviour
BC
TR: Reduction of Land Clearing Threats
TR
CR: Conservation of the Orangutan and Wildlife Habitats
CR
Community’s knowledge on how permanent agroforestry agriculture without slashand-burn system reduces land clearing pressures increases from 50% to 93.3% (+43.3pp).
The percentage of farmers who agree that permanent agroforestry agriculture on their own land is beneficial increases from 91.7% to 100% (+8.3pp).
The percentage of farmers who discuss the benefits of permanent agroforestry agriculture without slash-andburn system increased from 8.3% to 46.7% (+38.4pp).
Three hectares of land is provided as permanent agroforestry demonstratio n plot by one target village at the beginning of the program.
77.72% (157 households) of the farming community in Tempayung and Babual Baboti villages as the target group support and adopt permanent agroforestry agriculture.
By early July 2010, the target villages have shown support towards reducing threats by means of socialization and prohibition against slashand-burn land clearings.
The conservation is identified and confirmed through satellite data and land patrol images of forest cover and standing vegetation.
Note: The table above shows a simple version of the Theory of Change that has been modified to accommodate some suggestions and has undergone a number of revisions. Following this is the program assessment plan that will be achieved in the for the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Theory of Change.
1. Narrative of the Theory of Change In order to reduce shifting cultivation practices around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and to preserve an important habitat of the Borneo orangutans, permanent agriculture with the more sustainable, environmentally friendly and economically profitable agroforestry system will be introduced. Local farmers will be informed about the area for Borneo orangutans and the benefits of adopting permanent agroforestry agriculture. Based on the Theory of Change, this new system will generate more sustainable income for the community around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, while at the same time preserving the forest’s life support system. The community will be introduced to the concepts of the new system, receive trainings and technical assistance to apply it, and eventually adopt and practice permanent agriculture with the agroforestry system. Due to those two factors, there will be at least 50% (88 from 175
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households) of the community who will adopt this system in the two target villages, Tempayung and Babual Baboti. This Pride Campaign will be considered successful upon the reduction of shifting cultivation activities and the protection of the orangutan population within the reserve area. Permanent agriculture and the agroforestry system have seen considerable practice by communities in several locations in Indonesia, and can be applied in the campaign location by the end of the campaign in June 2010. 2. Results of the Theory of Change The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Campaign is built on the assumption that it is possible to change the attitude and behaviour of the farming community in its locality, who are not yet accustomed to agriculture, given that we inform them about the benefits and the management system of sustainable permanent agriculture, analyze the permanent agriculture produce, and explain about wildfire and forest fire resulting from shifting cultivation with its slash-and-burn system as well as their detrimental effects on sustainable farming. If we remove barriers to behavioural changes simultaneously by way of an example (permanent agroforestry agriculture demonstration plot), trainings in land management and cultivation methods, farmers will be more willing to adopt permanent agriculture and thus we will eventually be able to reduce threats of slash-and-burn land clearings. The creation of permanent agroforestry agriculture demonstration plot in order to discourage the community’s habitual practice of shifting cultivation using slash-and-burn should result in an increase in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest cover and subsequently the protection of the orangutan habitat within the reserve area. The projected behaviour change aims for 50% (88 of 175 households) of the community to adopt permanent agriculture, while surveys and re-monitoring through direct assessment up to April 2010 records that 77.72% (157 of 202 households) have adopted permanent agriculture, which exceeds the 50% target (101 of 202 households). The target farming community who have adopted permanent agriculture show their compliance by ceasing land burning practices. It serves as the initial indicators demonstrating that our assumption has been correct and the proposed Theory of Change applies. Apart from the compliance of the target audience at this time in not using fire and minimizing the level of field burning. It is important to take into account the rainy season currently taking place in our campaign target area, as farmers normally clear lands by burning, albeit permanent, in the dry season. Tabulation surveys show that 19.42% (N=39 households) still practice slash-and-burn permanent agriculture system while 20.79% (N=42 households) still practice slash-and-burn shifting cultivation system in Tempayung and Babual Baboti villages. It is nevertheless vital to Compliance level should be and around the Sungai continuously, so a follow-up
remain alert so the work does not stop at this stage. maintained, and activities in the target farming community Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area should be monitored program is necessary.
3. Brief Description of Campaign Location The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve is so named because part of the reserve is located along the Lamandau River. Since it is often referred to as the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, the management and partners socializing the reserve thus use the name officially. The area itself was formerly a Forest Concession (Hak Pengusahaan Hutan / HPH), which Prof. Dr. Birute Galdikas recommended for an orangutan release site. The recommendation was based on the Head of Pangkalan Bun, West Kotawaringin Regency
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Forestry Service’s instruction to propose land permits in the two forest concessions that would soon expire. Prof. Galdikas held discussions with the West Kotawaringin Head of District (also referred to as the Regent) and the then Minister of Forestry, Mr. Jamaluddin, and conducted a site survey. In October 1996, he made a proposal for an orangutan release site around the Lamandau River to the then Central Kalimantan Governor, Mr. Warsito Rasman, which was also supported by the then State Minister for the Environment, Mr. Sarwono Kusumaatmadja. Following the Central Kalimantan Governor’s letter of recommendation and the Forestry Minister’s letter of approval, the Forestry Ministry’s Decree Number 12/KptsII/1998 was issued on February 26, 1998 and thus the former forest concession officially became Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve with a total area of 76,110 ha. The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve aims to preserve and protect the unique species and biodiversity in order to sustain their natural lives. It also serves as an orangutan release site and will be used continuously for scientific and cultural purposes (Orangutan Foundation International, 2008). Geographically, the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve is located at 0241’42” to 0313’48” South and 11100’36” to 11130’00” East (BPKH Banjar Baru, 2006), or according to Google Earth at 0242’25.40’’ S and 11122’23.76’’ T (Google Earth, 2008). Meanwhile, based on Central Kalimantan Province soil map and geologic map (scale 1 to 500,000) according to the Bogor Directorate of Forestry Education, 1977 in the BPKH Report of Region V, Banjar Baru 2006, the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve land is classified under the physiographic group of alluvial plain and geologically composed of alluvial fan sedimentary rocks and coral reefs. The topography is dominated by flat marshes and rangeland (BPKH Banjar Baru, 2006). Ecologically, the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area is located in two regencies (West Kotawaringin and Sukamara) and listed as Type A climate under the SchmidtFerguson classification. Annual rainfall from 1995 to 2004 ranges from 1,904 to 3,762 mm with the average annual rainfall of 2,637.7 mm. Average daily temperature within the same year ranges from 25.9C to 26.2C and humidity ranges from 85 to 87% (BPKH Banjar Baru, 2006). Based on the 2007 BPS data, the area has a population of 33,070 people in 12 villages, most of whom (85%, based on the KAP quantitative survey) are farmers.
Image 1. SM Sungai Lamandau lies within the area of work of BKSDA Kalteng-SKW II (BKSDA Kalteng, 2009)
Threats towards the region are ranked using Miradi software based on the criteria of Scope, Severity and Irreversibility. Land clearing and forest fire are ranked are “very high” threats since they reduce the the habitat of orangutans in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. Meanwhile, poaching and logging are ranked as “high” threats. Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia Director and program supervisor Togu Simorangkir, M.Sc stated that if threats resulting from shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn are eliminated, the habitat and population of orangutans in the area will be safe. If other
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threats can be reduced simultaneously or gradually, especially poaching and logging, it will be a plus point. Central Kalimantan Province’s Natural Resources Conservation Association (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam / BKSDA) – SKW II strictly upheld forestry laws in addressing trespassing and illegal activities. Threats addressed by the campaign include local community’s activities and reducing land clearings for shifting cultivation and oil palm cultivation. 4. Biodiversity Focus of the Campaign The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve is a region of high biodiversity, as it contains more than 61 species of plants, including three protected species of plants (Eusideroxylon zwageri, Dyera, Gonostylus Bancadud), two protected species of epiphyte plants (Grammatophyllum speciosum, Coelogyne pandurata) as well as tropical pitcher plants; 15 protected species of mammals (including primates), more five protected families of bird species (Bucerotidae, Falconidae, Accipitridae, Nectarinidae, Ardeidae, Phasianidae, Sturnidae=Tiung Emas= Gracula religiosa), and three protected species of reptiles. It is estimated that to date, more than 500 individual orangutans have been released (BPKH Banjar Baru, 2006).
The Borneo orangutan of this subspecies has the biggest distribution among two other subspecies in Borneo. Orangutan was chosen as the umbrella species of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve because of its conservation status as both a keystone species and an umbrella species. It is protected by conservation acts, listed as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). In Indonesia, the Borneo orangutan is protected by Law Number 5 year 1990. Ecologically, this animal the only remaining kind of Asian great apes in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Researchers and conservationists have acknowledged it as a good indicator of forest health and an agent of seed dispersal that speeds up forest regeneration. It also serves as a mascot of Central Kalimantan Province, as the biggest orangutan population worldwide is found in this region, with the orangutan capital in Pangkalan Bun, West Kotawaringin Regency. Image 2. Orangutans in Camp Gemini of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve (Yayorin doc.)
West Kotawaringin Regency is dubbed the “orangutan capital” because it is one of the entrances to regions with the biggest orangutan population both inside conservations areas (the Tanjung Puting National Park) and outside conservation areas (Arut in West Kotawaringin Regency and Belantikan in Lamandau Regency). Most people in West Kotawaringin are aware of the orangutan’s existence as a protected and endangered species. On the other hand, from the social point of view, they regard the animal as a pest that threatens their farms. Meanwhile from the cultural point of view, they regard it as a person (orang) living in the forest (hutan). Some people, especially from the Dayak ethnic group, realize the orangutans’ role in maintaining balance in the forests. Although in the past orangutans used to be 12
consumed as food, they are no longer found in the Dayak people’s diet. This species is chosen as the foundation’s message because conservation of orangutans and their habitat is one of our chief missions. 5. Land Ownership Status, Legal Status and Management of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve land is owned by the government with conservation area status. It is administered by Central Kalimantan Province’s Natural Resources Conservation Association (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam / BKSDA) – Area II Pangkalan Bun Conservation Section. A regulation was issued last year that sets a buffer zone 500 metres from the borders and annuls the right of cultivation (Hak Guna Usaha) in those areas. The legal status of the area is established in the Forestry Ministry’s Decree No.162/Kpts-II/1998 (BPKH Banjar Baru, 2006). The area also serves an exceptional function as the release site of the Borneo orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii).
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CHAPTER 2. Campaign Conceptual Model In the January 2009 stakeholder meeting, the 25 participants collaborated to identify the direct threats and design a Conceptual Model for the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. The campaign manager had previously presented the findings of the qualitative research on the problems at the site. The next action was identifying the threats to the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area using the consensus method. Following the stakeholder meeting and the design of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve conceptual model, the Miradi software was then used to develop the model and input it based on the standard nomenclature.
Figure 3. The Conceptual Model of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve [for the key, see Translator’s Appendix at the end of this document]
The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area is a forest that serves as the habitat of orangutans and other wild animals. It is home to numerous wildlife with various types of freshwater ecosystems. The conceptual model designed by the stakeholders around the area shows five threats to the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area, namely Forest Fire, Land Clearing, Illegal Logging, Poaching and Water Pollution. 1. Threat Levels Analysis A list of threat prioritization was created in Miradi by rating the five threat factors produced by the consensus based on the criteria of scope, severity and irreversibility, which are elaborated upon below.
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Scope is used to rate whether the threats have a widespread impact on the conservation target geographically. For example, forest fires have high scope as they are likely to spread and affect other areas.
Severity is used to rate whether the threats cause a high level of damage to the conservation target at once. For example, illegal logging that destroys the surrounding forests or forest fire that burns all the vegetation causes severe damage.
The other criterion maintains that the longer time needed to recover from the threat, the higher the level of the threat. As demonstrated in the following figure, the threat levels analysis shows that forest fires and land clearings have very high rating as threats toward the forest as the habitat of orangutans. On the other hand, besides destroying the forest habitat of orangutans, logging also reduces the population of animals or wildlife in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area.
Figure 4. Threat Levels in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve [Key to Image 4: Kebakaran Hutan - Forest Fire; Pembukaan Lahan - Land Clearance; Penebangan Liar - Illegal Logging; Perburuan Liar - Poaching; Pencemaran Air - Water Contamination; Ekosistim Perairan - Water Ecosystem; Orangutan Forest Habitat; Satwa atau Hidupan Liar - Wildlife.]
Behind every threat lie some factors that stimulate it. The first threat factor is Forest Fire, which is stimulated by various activities. One of the contributing factors that stimulate forest fires is the dry season. Every dry season, forest fires are very likely to occur in Kalimantan generally and in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area particularly. This phenomenon is closely connected to agricultural activities and even hunting methods.
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Figure 5. The forest fire factor chain [for the key, see Translator’s Appendix at the end of this document]
The second threat factor is Land Clearing, which is caused by shifting cultivation, oil palm cultivation and lack of information on the borders between the villages and the target area. Shifting cultivation is mostly done with the slash-and-burn system, so it becomes one of the contributing factors that stimulate fire in and around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. Shifting cultivation itself is caused by several contributing factors, namely the local tradition, lack of farmland and poor knowledge of cultivation. Poor knowledge of cultivation is due to the low quality of the human resources’ knowledge, which results in a poor knowledge of agricultural land management technologies, the varying levels of instructional success, and the low level of education and knowledge. The low level of education and knowledge itself is caused by lack of education, appreciation and instruction about the environment. On the other hand, lands are cleared for oil palm cultivation because community members sell their land, which can be traced to the low economic level and palm oil as the source of region original income (Pendapatan Asli Daerah). Another reason for land clearing is the lack of information on the borders between the villages and the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. The factor that contributes towards this threat is the lack of socialization and attention from related parties. Land clearing, which also contributes towards forest fires by means of slash-and-burn shifting cultivation, figures as a factor that threatens the conservation of the forest as the habitat of orangutans and other wildlife.
Figure 6. The land clearing factor chain [for the key, see Translator’s Appendix at the end of this document]
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Another threat factor is Illegal Logging. 2007 saw a high incidence of this activity with 17 cases during the year. Three cases were found in 2008 and two cases had been found from January to May 2009. The factors that contribute to cause this threat are the high demand for timbers, timber brokers’ and consumers’ orders in the market and lack of awareness. Demand for timber in the market and among the local communities originates from the existence of illegal timber markets, which is caused by the lack of environmental knowledge, poor law enforcement, and lack of supervision or patrols on the target area. Meanwhile, offers to work for timbers are triggered by consumptive mindsets caused by competition for social status as well as financial pressure among the low economic group. Lack of attention from related parties results in the lack of socialization, which causes low awareness and thus causes many instances of illegal logging.
Figure 7. The illegal logging factor chain [for the key, see Translator’s Appendix at the end of this document]
The next threat factor is Poaching. This threat has been stimulated by poor law enforcement, market demand and local communities’ tradition as a way to meet their protein needs and as a hobby. Market demand is stimulated by the demands of the poached animal consumers, which continue to happen due to the lack of supervision or patrols to monitor and control the rate of market demand for the poached animals. Illegal logging and poaching contribute towards the destruction or decrease of the wildlife population in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area.
Figure 8. The poaching factor chain [for the key, see Translator’s Appendix at the end of this document]
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The last threat factor is water pollution that threatens the freshwater ecosystem. The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve has several types of freshwater ecosystems, which include swamps, rivers and lakes. This threat factor is stimulated by most zircon sand mining activities, which are caused by offers to work in mining. The offers are accepted because of the low economic status and the mining activities themselves take place because of poor law enforcement and lack of supervision in the target area.
Figure 9. The water pollution factor chain [for the key, see Translator’s Appendix at the end of this document]
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Figure 10. Result Chain for the Strategic Managment to Reduce Problems in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve [for the key, see Translator’s Appendix at the end of this document]
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Note: Results chain for Farmers As shown in the figure above, farmers comprise the initial target of the campaign. The Pride Campaign shows causes and consequences in every stage of behaviour change undegone by the farmers. Understanding the stages in the results chain may also help us specify our initial target for every audience prior to data collection. The success of the campaign displayed in the results chain specifically aims to reduce the impacts of slash-and-burn shifting cultivation system, which may cause forest fires and threaten the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest area as the habitat of orangutans and other wildlife there. This campaign encourage the target community (the villages of Tempayung and Bubal Baboti) to adopt permanent agriculture. As the campaign’s objective, 50% (101 households) of the 202 farming households in the two villages will adopt permanent agriculture and reduce slash-and-burn practices. Other threats will be addressed with Community Forest Carbon dan Community Meeting strategies (meetings and focus group discussions).
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Monitoring Pl
Strategies & Tactics
SMART Objectives
Results Chain
ToC
Factor Chain
The Pre-Survey KAP Increasing financial pressures
Knowledge (K) Community members have a knowledge of permanent agroforestry agriculture management and sustained maintenance
By December 2009, 50% of the farmers practicing slash-and-burn shifting cultivation system will have gained a knowledge of the sustainable land management with agroforestry agriculture
Decreasing farmland as most has been sold to palm oil plantations
+
Attitudes(A)
+
Interpersonal Communication (IC)
Community members are willing to adopt the intensive permanent agroforestry agriculture system which is more productive
Discussions or talks among the agricultural community requesting land management and cultivation trainings
By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the percentage of farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti who regard permanent agroforestry agriculture beneficial will have increased from 91.7% to 95%
By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the percentage of farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti who talk about land management without slashand-burn and its benefits will have increased from 8.3% to 50%
Awareness and Communication cognitive, emotional
Awareness and Communication cognitive, emotional
Awareness and Communication interpersonal messages and face-to-face meetings
Pre / Post Survey stating awareness changes
Pre / Post Survey stating behaviour changes
Pre / Post Survey and face-to-face discussions
Low frequency of agricultural technology trainings
+
Barrier Removal (BR) Introducing and developing the intensive permanent agroforestry agriculture system
Creating the Demonstration Plot of a Model Farm for land management and cultivation practice
Behaviour Change (BC) 1) The agricultural community members around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve clear lands for permanent agriculture 2) The agricultural community members around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve adopt permanent agriculture system
By the end of campaign (June 2010), 50% (88 households) of 202 shifting cultivators from the two target villages to adopt the permanent agroforestry demonstration plot and reduce land clearings by 176 ha up to 264 ha from those housholds (tabulation survey).
SM Sungai Lamandau as a Habitat for orangutan
Forest and land clearings for shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn system
Poor knowledge of cultivation technology
Threat Reduction (TR) Forest and land clearings for shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn system
Forest and land clearings for shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn system changes into permanent agriculture system
Trainings on application of land intensification methods in the agroforestry demonstration plot for local farmers
Developing the permanent agroforestry agriculture demonstration plot
Development of Agroforestry by Yayorin and other non-governmental organizations
The frequency of trainings and farmers’ participation in
Finishing of the construction of agroforestry demonstration
The number of farmers adopting permanent agroforestry agriculture
Conservation Result (CR) Preserving and maintaining the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve as the habitat of orangutans
Preserving and maintaining the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve as the habitat of orangutans after July 2010
Introducing the permanent agroforestry agriculture system
The number of farmers adopting 21 permanent agroforestry
Monitoring Pl
Strategies & Tactics
SMART Objectives
Results Chain
ToC
Factor Chain
Post-Survey KAP Increasing financial pressures
Knowledge (K) Community members have a knowledge of permanent agroforestry agriculture management and sustained maintenance
By December 2009, 50% of the farmers practicing slash-and-burn shifting cultivation system will have gained a knowledge of the sustainable land management with agroforestry agriculture
Decreasing farmland as most has been sold to palm oil plantations
+
Attitudes(A)
+
Interpersonal Communication (IC)
Community members are willing to adopt the intensive permanent agroforestry agriculture system which is more productive
Discussions or talks among the agricultural community requesting land management and cultivation trainings
By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the percentage of farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti who regard permanent agroforestry agriculture beneficial will have reached 100% (Q46=P25/G7).
By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the percentage of farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti who talk about land management without slashand-burn and its benefits will have increased from 8.3% to 46,7%
Awareness and Communication cognitive, emotional
Awareness and Communication cognitive, emotional
Awareness and Communication interpersonal messages and face-to-face meetings
Pre / Post Survey stating awareness changes
Pre / Post Survey stating behaviour changes
Pre / Post Survey and face-to-face discussions
Low frequency of agricultural technology trainings
+
Barrier Removal (BR) Introducing and developing the intensive permanent agroforestry agriculture system
Creating the Demonstration Plot of a Model Farm for land management and cultivation practice
Behaviour Change (BC) 1) The agricultural community members around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve clear lands for permanent agriculture 2) The agricultural community members around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve adopt permanent agriculture system
By the end of campaign (June 2010), 50% (157 HH) of shifting cultivators from the two target villages to adopt the permanent agroforestry demonstration plot and reduce land clearings by 352 ha up to 157 HH from those housholds
SM Sungai Lamandau as a Habitat for orangutan
Forest and land clearings for shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn system
Poor knowledge of cultivation technology
Threat Reduction (TR) Forest and ) land clearings for shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn system
Forest and land clearings for shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn system changes into permanent agriculture system
Trainings on application of land intensification methods in the agroforestry demonstration plot for local farmers
Developing the permanent agroforestry agriculture demonstration plot
Development of Agroforestry by Yayorin and other non-governmental organizations
The frequency of trainings and farmers’ participation in
Finishing of the construction of agroforestry demonstration
The number of farmers adopting permanent agroforestry agriculture
Conservation Result (CR) Preserving and maintaining the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve as the habitat of orangutans
Preserving and maintaining the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve as the habitat of orangutans after July 2010
Introducing the permanent agroforestry agriculture system The number of farmers adopting permanent agroforestry agriculture 22
CHAPTER 3. Campaign Creative Brief Questionnaire surveys and direct interviews conducted with our target groups have supplied our team with information on who we should reach and what may motivate and/or prevent their behaviour change. The data will subsequently assist us in identifying the best strategy to deliver our messages and choosing the most suitable vehicle for the messages. For instance, our surveys show that farmers prefer listening to the radio only, so efforts to reach them through the media of newspaper would be useless. The Creative Brief was created with the objectives of helping deliver the campaign messages effectively and strategically and of developing appropriate campaign materials that can be accepted by the target groups. To better direct the production of campaign materials, the project team has developed a “Creative Brief” for every target group. This document maps out the most important aspects to consider in material development, including rational and emotional benefits as well as style, tone and approach of the materials. The Creative Brief includes: formulation of problems to be addressed by the campaign, information on the target groups, call to action, threats towards actions, benefit exchange, support, appropriate pictures and tone to deliver the messages how and when to reach the consumers, creative considerations as well as obligations related to the institutional regulations to meet. The following tables summarize some important parts of the Creative Brief concerning the messages and message delivery. For further information and comprehensive review of the target please refer to the complete Creative Brief and the original Project Charter. Table 1. Creative Brief for the Farmers in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve (Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve / Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve) Campaign Issue Statement: Conservation issues and campaign objectives
Target Audience
Land clearings for shifting cultivation and slash-andburn oil palm cultivation reduce forest area and boundaries of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, since there are no clear boundaries to separate the villages and the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area while agricultural land decreases and parts of the land are sold to oil palm plantations. Rare Pride Campaign in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve aims to reduce land clearings and forest fires or wildfires within and around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area Farmers in the two target villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti, Kotawaringin Lama Regency Comprised of ethnic Dayaks Professions mostly shifting cultivators, rubber and oil palm farmers Ages 36 to 39 years old Retain traditional modes Farmland located one kilometre from home Support permanent agriculture
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Call to action: What we want the Target Group to do
Obstacles to action: What may prevent the target to act
Benefit/Reward Exchange: What rewards the message should offer the consumers
Support: How to make promises that are believable
Image: What kind of image makes the actions stand out
Average education levels elementary school graduate and some elementary school The farming community reproduce the model plantation in the form of Permanent Agroforestry Agriculture demonstration plot that has been created. The farming community can utilize the land in a more intensive way (economic and monitored) and help reduce forest fires or wildfires around their villages and the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. Lack of promotion and cooperation to facilitate meetings discussing boundaries between villages and the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area Lack of relevant Institutions concerned about the status of community members’ land in the two target villages in relation to the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve boundaries Retained slash-and-burn practices despite the adoption of permanent agriculture in the community Old-age tradition of shifting cultivation and slashand-burn Giving appreciation to farming community members demonstrating awareness and responsibility Motivating other farmers Promoting the villages with the farmers who demonstrate awareness of and responsibility for their environment and the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area With the agroforestry system, farmers get the benefits of horticultural crops, biennial crops (bananas, papayas) and main crops. They can save time, cost and energy and thus have more opportunity to spend time with family, relatives and neighbours. Analysis of survey results Enthusiastic farming communities Support from the villages Support from relevant Agencies or Institutions concerning land management Lamandau EC Project activities to support the village residents and the farmers The image to be built is that of farmers as responsible, smart, independent agent of change The image inspires behaviour change from shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn to permanent agriculture without slash-and-burn The actions are logical and reasonable Farming communities start adopting permanent agriculture without slash-and-burn Farming communities start showing awareness of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
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Opportunities and communication media to use
Requirements: What creative elements, messages and/or campaign MUST figure in the creative execution
Campaign materials: What materials we want the creative team to produce
The actions are appropriate to target’s lifestyle to support their social and economic status Supervision of the Lamandau EC Project activities Communication on the telephone Seminar or Workshop meetings to discuss farming or the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve land management Theme and slogan Description of farmland and the farmers Connection with relevant Agency Support of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Management program Posters (Permanent Agriculture Is Profitable, Saves Water, Maintains the Climate and Provide Other Benefits of the Forest) Radio advertisements (The Uses and Benefits of the Forest, the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and Permanent Agriculture – “Be Prudent On Our Own Land”) Sumpitan bulletins T-shirts Permanent Agroforestry Agriculture without Slashand-Burn Demonstration plot Meetings and Supervisions Additional materials: VCD, newspaper articles and advertisement
Table 2. Creative Brief for the Secondary Target Group: Farming Communities around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Area Issue Statement: Conservation issues and campaign objectives
Target Audience
Lack of knowledge on the uses of forests in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area Lack of non-sustainable land management activities
Rare Pride Campaign in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve aims to provide information on the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve land use and sustainable land management for the general community, so the general community help spread the message to to other community members around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area The general community around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Comprised of ethnics Dayak, Malay, Java, Bugis, Madura Professions mostly farmers, businessmen and employees Ages 22 to 72 years old
25
Call to action: What we want the Target Group to do
Obstacles to action: What may prevent the target from acting
Benefit/Reward Exchange: What rewards the message should offer the consumers
Support: How to make promises that are believable
Image: What kind of image makes the actions stand out
Retain traditional modes Farmland located one kilometre from home An active community Average education levels elementary school to university Helping promote the model plantation in the form of Permanent Agroforestry Agriculture demonstration plot to be reproduced by the farming community. The farming community can utilize the land in a more intensive way (economic and monitored) and help reduce forest fires or wildfires around their villages and the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. Spreading information to the other community members around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area Insufficient promotion and information on the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area in local mass media Age-old tradition of shifting cultivation and slashand-burn Insufficient knowledge on the uses of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and agricultural land management technologies Giving appreciation to community members demonstrating awareness and responsibility Motivating other community members Promoting the villages with the community members who demonstrate awareness of and responsibility for their environment and the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area With the agroforestry system, farmers get the benefits of horticultural crops, biennial crops (bananas, papayas) and main crops. They can save time, cost and energy and thus have more opportunity to spend time with family, relatives and neighbours. Analysis of survey results Enthusiastic communities Support from each village Support from the local government (Agencies or Institutions concerning agricultural land management and the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve land management) KPEL activities to support the village residents and the farmers The image to be built is that of farmers as responsible, smart, independent agent of change The image inspires behaviour change from shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn to permanent
26
Opportunities and communication media to use
Requirements: What creative elements, messages and/or campaign MUST figure in the creative execution
Campaign materials: What materials we want the creative team to produce
agriculture without slash-and-burn The actions are logical and reasonable Farming communities start adopting permanent agriculture without slash-and-burn Farming communities start showing awareness of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve The actions are appropriate to target’s lifestyle to support their social and economic status Supervision of the KPEL Communication on the telephone Seminar or Workshop meetings to discuss farming or the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve land management Theme and slogan Description of farmland and the farmers Description of land that sustains community life
Posters (Permanent Agriculture Is Profitable, Saves Water, Maintains the Climate and Provide Other Benefits of the Forest) Radio advertisements (The Uses and Benefits of the Forest, the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and Permanent Agriculture – “Be Prudent On Our Own Land”) Sumpitan bulletins T-shirts Permanent Agroforestry Agriculture without Slashand-Burn Demonstration plot Meetings and Supervisions Additional materials: VCD, newspaper articles and advertisement
Following are the core messages, slogan and creative elements that were designed based on discussions with the FFI Aceh Campaign Manager and the YEL Medan Campaign Manager. As the result of discussions with two managers of two foundations (FFI Aceh and YEL Medan), the important points are mapped out thus: 1. Core Messages Some important things to consider when creating the main messages to develop the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve campaign are: The message of change for farmers The message to reproduce agroforestry agriculture Apropriateness to local condition No slash-and-burn and shifting cultivation Introduction of Successful Farmers and Motivatior Farmers Permanent agriculture as a choice in our own land
27
2. Slogan Based on discussions on slogan creation, the key concept of the campaign is to aim for “Successful Farmers”. The following slogans have thus been proposed in accordance to the Creative Brief characteristics: Tell the others, farm’s out of bonds Stop waiting for the others to succeed Farmers care: farmers cut down on land clearings Responsible farmers, permaculture farmers Land clearing without slash-and-burn “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” 3. Creative Elements Based on discussions on creative element design, the following creative elements need to be visible on the posters: Local patterns, such as Dayak tribal pattern or other local images Local colours and sepia Images of successful local farmers Images of land with the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area boundaries Based on discussions and the creative brief designed for the farming community as the primary target group and the general community as the secondary target group, there will be revisions of messages and slogans in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Action Plan as detailed below. 4. Campaign Mascots Costumes of Pride Campaign mascots represent the profiles of animals native to Kalimantan and the campaign area. The mascots consist of an orangutan called Paman Win (Uncle Win), a hornbill called Bili si Rangkong (Bili the Hornbill) and a deer called Sam. The three animals are characteristic of Kalimantan and have become a part of people’s life in Central Kalimantan. Orangutans as the animal with the highest population in Central Kalimantan have served as a symbol of this province, which is known as the world’s orangutan region. Hornbills (rangkong) Mascots’ costumes for Sungai Lamandau are birds that figure dominantly in Dayak traditional dances, symbolize beauty in tribal houses; they are even made as statues and decorations on street lights and monuments. Deers are used as a mascot as the local community members still practice deer-hunting, which needs to be restricted, to fulfill their protein needs. After consulted to and approved by Pride Supervisors and Mentors, these mascots are then socialized to partners and the community. To complete the picture of the orangutan as an endangered animal that has become an issue in the national and international levels, Indonesia has decided to collaborate in the orangutan conservation plan, targeting that there will have been no orangutans caged in rehabilitation centers by 2015. Other wildlife includes hornbills and deers, whose
28
population has grown scarce in Central Kalimantan due to hunting practices lowland forests.
in the
Campaign Directors selected the following slogans as the uniting call to action. Slogan: “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” – Pride Call to action for farmers in the two target villages: Permanent Agriculture Is More Profitable; Protect the Forests – Get Better Crops Call to action for farmers in other villages around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area: Permanent Agriculture Is More Profitable; Permanent Agriculture Saves Our Water, Permanent Agriculture Maintains Our Climate and Permanent Agriculture Provides Other Benefits of the Forest These call to actions were selected through a thorough evaluation process in focus group discussions involving representatives of the target groups. One should take into account that all materials, including posters, logo and slogans, were tested on the target groups prior to production. This page demonstrates this strict process, as exemplified by the production of posters. With the use of the Borneo orangutan as a symbol, campaign directors realize Sungai Lamandau Wildlife that other parties in the community might use this image for Reserve Prode Campaig Logo commercial purposes as the campaign reaches its momentum. Discussions with the supervisor demonstrates that this umbrella species is used as the campaign logo and will subsequently be featured on every product of campaign message promotional media, such as posters, bulletins, t-shirts, stickers, pins, fact sheets and banners. At the same time the mascots are portrayed in the costumes, puppet shows and mobile library in every school and village visit. As these campaign elements are strongly related to each other, the materials above are designated as the official materials, namely the materials produced by partner institutions or ones designed and distributed by parties agreed on by target groups, which have been formally or informally recommended as meeting the standards for distribution. This distinguishes the official materials from other materials in the market, which may not meet the standards or get approval. The orangutan was chosen as the umbrella species that appears on most materials, whereas the hornbill and the deer serve as complements in every village celebration or environmental event. The orangutan’s appearance on campaign products varies depending on the target, the messages, and the appropriateness in supporting the “call to action.” For instance, in relation to teenagers and adults, the orangutan image is used on pins, stickers and posters and in the costumes. With regards to children, the orangutan image can be used in many ways resembling the way a child relates to dolls. Thus it can be used in the costumes and the puppet shows. All three mascots of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign, especially the orangutan, serve as a significant personality that children can relate to and subsequently become a trustworthy source of information. While children are not the main focus of the campaign, they are nonetheless important as they are the windows to their parents. Children also form a group that may promote or support the idea of “Let’s preserve the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest” to their parents. With regards to the adults, especially related to the materials to be used immediately prior to the target behaviour, focus on the orangutan is reduced. Instead, focus is 29
increased on the factors that motivate particular behaviours, which our quantitative and qualitative researches have identified as the factor with the highest probability to move a particular target from the stage of contemplation to the stage of action. Economic motives become the main focus for the shifting cultivators (slash-and-burn saves more money and time compared to other methods), while personal health and safety become the main focus for other farmers (forest fires may cause respiratory illnesses and destroy the forest ecosystem, which will eventually affect the seasons and crops). The following table describes the relation between the target groups, the variables of change and the marketing media to promote campaign messages among the target group of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Campaign. Table 3. Relation between target groups, variables of change and marketing media No. 1.
Target Groups Farmers of the Primary Target Group (2 target villages)
Variables of Change K = Information supply to improve knowledge
2.
Farmers of the Primary Target Group (2 target villages)
A + IC = Emotional messages to change behaviour and stimulate conversations
3.
Farmers of the Primary Target Group (2 target villages)
BC = Efforts to encourage, stimulate, and map out the behaviour change model
4.
Farmers of the Secondary Target Group (10 other villages around the
K = Information supply to improve knowledge
Marketing Pins and stickers SUMPITAN Bulletin Radio spots (Public Service Announcements , the Head of District’s Appeal, talk shows) Posters Instructional visits and Mascot Costumes Meetings and trainings Banners promoting permanent agriculture T-shirts with the campaign logo Comparative studies on Permanent Agroforestry Agriculture without Slash-and-Burn Agricultural Demonstration plot Meetings and trainings Fact sheets Comparative studies on Permanent Agroforestry Agriculture without Slash-and-Burn Pins and stickers Radio spots Posters Instructional visits
30
Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area)
5.
6.
7.
Farmers of the Secondary Target Group (10 other villages around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area) Farmers of the Secondary Target Group (10 other villages around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area) Children of farmers (primary and secondary target) around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area
A + IC = Emotional messages to change behaviour and stimulate conversations
BC = Efforts to encourage, stimulate, and map out the behaviour change model
K = Information supply to improve knowledge
and Mascot Costumes SUMPITAN Bulletin 2010 calendars with the climate change theme Meetings and trainings
Posters Meetings and trainings Fact sheets Participative videos Instructional visits and mobile libraries in schools with the following series of activities: slideshow presentation on forests and orangutans, educational afterschool activities, distribution of SUMPITAN Bulletin
31
CHAPTER 4. Campaign Activities (Material and Message Marketing + Barrier Removal) To attain SMART Objectives stated in the project plan and to effectively reach key audiences in the target area, a series of activities have been carried out during the implementation period. As illustrated in the Theory of Change for the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign, the main objectives are to reduce the slash and burn land clearing for agriculture and to protect the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve from threats of forest fires (with support from BKSDA Central Kalimantan SKW II Program and the European Union Project for Protection and Conservation of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve). Therefore, the barrier removal strategies chosen are introducing sedentary agriculture system or agroforestry with a series of activities intended to encourage the adoption of this system by the target community. In general, the objective of this chapter is to describe the activities and the results of Social Marketing and Barrier Removal implemented. The series of activities described here target the farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti as the main target audience and the general public in the target area. Of course there may be some overlapping materials between the target audience farmers and the other farmers in the area. Everything described in the campaign activities constitutes the the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign progress report document (Santoso, 2010). 1. Activities involving Material and Social Marketing of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign a. Primary Target Audience: Farmers in the villages of Tempayung dan BabualBaboti
Knowledge
Table 4. Result Chain and SMART Objectives for Knowledge of the Farmers of the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti Target Audience - Farmers in Primary Target Villages (the Villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti) Theory of Change Stage Knowledge (Information Presentation to improve knowledge) Marketing Activities Pins + Stickers SUMPITAN Bulletin Radio Spot (Public Service Announcements , District Head Speech, Talk shows) Posters Information Visits + Mascot Costume Result Chain Shifting agriculture farmers realize that sedentary agriculture is beneficial SMART Objectives At the end of the campaign (June 2010), the knowledge of the farming community in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti about the function of forest as carbon sequester will increase from 22,2% to 50% (Q21=P10). At the end of the campaign (June 2010), the knowledge of the farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti about the damaged forest and intrusion of sea water will have an impact on agriculture harvest will increase from 44,4%to 83% (Q28=P17). 32
At the end of the campaign (June 2010), the knowledge of the farmers about the relationship between the damage the forest sustained and the intrusion of sea water contaminating ground water will increase from 77,8% to 90% (Q29=P18). Activity 1: Distribution of Campaign Logo Pins and Stickers with Campaign Slogans Rationale for activity: Pin is a medium that is of low depth, medium reach, and popular as well as being well liked in political campaigns, organizational activities (sports, social) and effective in gaining support. The lesson learnt is that people are proud wearing them and showing them to other people (Rare Pride Handbook, 2008). Pin was chosen with the slogan Hemat di Lahan Sendiri (“Be Prudent On Our Own Land”) on it to encourage people to support sedentary agriculture. Sticker was chosen because although its depth is low, its reach is high. Lesson learnt is that a sticker is a specific campaign key message reminder (Rare Pride Handbook, 2008). Therefore the correlation with the message to conserve the forest by not doing anymore land clearing fits prefectly. The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride campaign slogan used up to now is one of the five proposed. The five are: Be Prudent Our Own Land Prosper from Your Own Plantation/Field/Land Sedentary Farmers, Excellent Farmers Not Causing Damage; Prosperous on Our Own Land What inheritance will you leave your little ones? After consulting on the five proposed slogans with the Pride Rare Mentor, it was agreed that the slogan “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” has a specific meaning as it could represent the meaning of sedentary agriculture means economical, time, manpower, and expenses wise. and also helps keep the forest because there is no need to clear land for new fields and reduce slash and burn practices. It means that the slogan fits the objectives of the campaign which is reduction of shifting agriculture and encouraging the farmers around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve to adopt sedentary agriculture without slash and burn land clearing. The pre-testing results with the representatives of three ethnic groups showed that the public understood the meaning of the slogan as related to cultivating sedentary land of one’s own, without burning and having mixed crops. Some people had started doing this but there had been minimal help. They need a lot of help and training. When they asked why the logo has the picture of orangutan in it, we answered that orangutan was our mascot. By practicing sedentary agriculture on your own land you help conserve the forest which is the habitat of orangutan, especially in the wildlife reserve. For rationale of logo, please find in the attachments page.
Image 11. Pins with campaign logo and slogan distributed to entire audience (students, farmers and regional government)
33
Image 12. Stickers with campaign logo and slogan distributed to entire audience (students, farmers and regional government)
Activity Description: Pins are used as marketing media as a campaign message reminder. Pins with the slogan “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” and the picture of the campaign mascot were produced by the agency using campaign funds. We bought a complete set of pin printing tools. The set consists of a printing tool, pin plates with safety pin, glossy and matte plastic pieces, and white tin plates for layering picture. Pins were molded in sizes of 5,6 cm. Picture for the was printed using printer HP2200 with HP ink. This pin was guaranteed not to flake off or its colour fades, and heat and rain resistant for two years (the duration of the campaign) Stickers were printed 1500 pieces. Distributed to all audience and age range. Activity 2: Distribution of ’Sumpitan’ Bulletin Rationale for activity: This medium has high depth and high reach to all levels of the target audience. The news items covered constitute publicity to help expose the campaign messages to the public (Rare Pride Handbook, 2008). This is in line with the content of this bulletin which includes news on education and awareness, conservation, sustainable agriculture, public voice, training results and meeting voice. Exposures to stories Karena from outside their own villages ot the success story of people both from their own and other villages may sour on one’s own enthusiasm on changes in knowledge about the importance of environmental/natural conservation and sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture.
Image 13. Four Editions of Sumpitan Bulletin containing the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign
Activity description: This magazine/bulletin is printed in Jakarta and produced quarterly. To date four editions have been printed for the period of July 2009 - June 2010. The first edition for this campaign was the 24th edition/July-September/2009 with a front cover featuring a photo of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve from satellite of landsat 16 October 2006. Then the next edition was number 25/October-December/2009 with a cover picture of a farmer and his wife and child on their sedentary farmland. The cover of the next edition, number 26/January-March/2010 was a picture of a farmer from a secondary target village holding a poster of sedentary agriculture with his rice harvest in the background. And, the last edition was number 27/April-June/2010, with 34
the picture which was the winner of a drawing competition under the theme of forest conservation, the work of a child of a farmer from a secondary target village. The four edition of the bulletin SUMPITAN were produced using A4 80 gram paper with metal wire binding and their size was W:8,2 cm and L/H: 11,6 cm consisting of 28 pages (14 sheets: including the front and back covers). These SUMPITAN bulletins were distributed during informational visits, exhibitions, environment day event, strategic sites (offices of regional government, palm plantation offices, village offices) and during community meetings. Activity 3: Radio Spot Broadcast (Public Service Announcements, Insert the District Head’s Appeal and Interractive Talk Show) Rationale for activities: Rare Pride Handbook, 2008 says that radio is a medium whose depth and reach are high in all groups of the target audience. It is true that communication channel medium audience often use is the radio. We used two radio stations i.e. Pakuba FM and Primadona FM. A lesson learnt was that the public tend to like listening which then encourages contemplation process which in turn will move them toward the process of preparation and action.
Image 14. The process of proposing and creating Public Service Announcements , Kopi Asin PBA Script , the Script of the District Head Plea and a photograph of the Talk show
35
Activity Description: It was planned that the Public Service Announcement produced would first be aired by Pakuba FM for the target audience farmers, and only then would it be broadcast by Primadona FM radio station targetting farmers and the general public around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. The reason for the development of this knowledge message which can also be used to encourage the right attitude (A) and Interpersonal Communication (IC) through Public Service Announcement is that the result of pre-campaign survey showed that the public often listen to the radio. Therefore, the message outreach would be more effective using radio broadcasts. By listening to the radio through several broadcasting spots it is expected that the low knowledge of the target audience (from Tempayung and Babual Baboti villages) about the impacts of damaged forest to agriculture, fresh water sources, agricultural water sources, water contamination because of sea water intrusion (for beach regions), no burning sedentary land cultivation techniques and management may increase. These three radio spots were produce in two local radio stations. They are PSA Kopi Asin on Radio Pakuba FM = 364 Public Service Announcement spots and Primadona FM = 178 spots (2 per day for 89 days). Insert of the District Head’s Appeal ”Sedentary agriculture without burning” on Pakuba FM Radio = 120 spots and on Primadona FM Radio = 74 spots (2 per day for 37 days); whereas talk show is only on Pakuba FM Radio = 6 block time (every Sunday). There is no talk show on Primadona FM Radio because they already have a talk show from the climate change campaign which discus some similar topics. It is our hope that this campaign message marketing will be listen to more and people’s knowledge on sedentary agriculture increased. Activity 4: Distribution of the 4 Themed Sedentary Agriculture Posters Rationale for activity: According to Rare Pride Handbook, 2008, this medium is used for a visual topic which target audience can immediately see and read. The lesson learnt is that posters have the ability to impart educational messages both for local and global interests. This medium also has the ability to illustrate a process of invitation, ideas or actions to promote awareness. Its material depth is low and reach medium, but in large numbers it can reach a high number of audience members. The reason for choosing this medium is also due to the result of the medium suitability test in which it get a positive response from all three ethnic representatives of the target audience (Dayak, Melayu and mixed-Javanese transmigrants).
Image 15. Posters and distribution to primary target farmers audience
36
Activity description: Posters were designed by a local retail artist in Pangkalan Bun, and was then processed by a local printing shop also in Pangkalan Bun (called Percetakan Bipofatri). When the design process was finished, the poster file was sent to the printer SMK Grafika Desa Putera Jakarta for multiplication. There were four themes for the posters:
Sedentary Agriculture is More Beneficial: the reasons are that it is closer to home, easier crop maintenance, easier to transport the harvest home, and you can see your family more. Harvests are better, and the field stays fertile and pests are controlled because the forest is conserved.
Sedentary Agriculture Saves Our Water: The reasons are that sedentary agriculture means we no longer do forest land clearing and help keep the forest as a water source for agriculture, and during the dry season a water infiltration area for fresh water sources.
Sedentary Agriculture Keeps Our Climate Stable: the reason is that sedentary agriculture does not need forest land clearing, and a whole forest provides us with clean air and regulates temperature.
Sedentary Agriculture Provides Us with Other Benefits, meaning if we keep the forest intact we can still get other benefits a forest offers besides wood or lumber, such as rubber sap, fish, fruits, vegetables, medicinal herbs.
These posters were to be printed immediately in December and then be distributed as a series within a certain time limit. This would make the message effective and target audience would not get bored of the theme of a message. The messages of the poster had been tried out with the following result: We pre-tested the content of the poster in two regions (ethnic Javanese village : Tanjung Terantang village in several RT (neighbourhood sub-division) =RT 2, 3, 5, 8 and ethnic Malay in RT. 23, Kelurahan (neighbourhoods of Mendawai and Tanjung Putri with FGD 5-7. All respondents were farmers (both male and female) and the representative of the ethnic Dayak also expressed the same opinion. They saw that it fitted their profile, the messages were clear, and they liked both the poster and the messages. Each poster was to be printed 1200 times to distribute to the 12 villages 100 posters per campaign target village. Posters would be displayed in public places in the village, such as on the notice board, in shops that have previously obtained permits, public health centres and village maternity clinics (polindes), the houses of interested villagers, school and village security posts. The posters are printed on glossy paper in 60x80 size, full colour and weather resistant and its colours would only fade ater about three (3) months outdoors. Activity 5: Village Educational Visits + Mascot Costumes Rationale for activity: The choice of this message communication media is caused by the low awarenes of the community about the benefits of the forest of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and conservation of orangutans as well as sedentary agriculture without burning. One of the approaches taken was village visits and instruction in which we explained the benefits of forest and no burning sedentary agriculture. To make these events interesting we always had the orangutan mascot costume with us which also served as a reminder to continuously introdue the mascot as well as the fact that one of this campaign’s objectives was to protect orangutan and its habitat. According to Rare Pride Handbook, 2008, a mascot is not only an entertainment medium but the figure taking the role may become the communicator who relays the message so that this 37
medium’ depth is high although its reach is only moderate because its interaction is limited. Costumes can also portray the species living in the campaigned area.
Figure 16. Village educational visit with a campaign mascot
Activity Description: The activity organizer of educational meetings was the Yayorin mobile education team which held them in campaign target villages (12 village) for 15 days a month. In this activity the educational team prepared informational materials, which were in the form of printed and electronic media (films about forest conservation and orangutan, and sustainable agriculture) as well as a box of souvenirs consisting of SUMPITAN bulletins, informative note books (contain information about orangutan and forest), posters, stickers, pins. And of course there were always the mascot costumes. The costume used in the campaign stage of village and school visits was made by Rumah Hijau Yogyakarta. This costume was made of velvet flannel with a layer of black ”matras” tied with copper wires to form the body of the macot. In the chest section there was a belt to fasten it to the wearer. For the head section there was a standard sized helmet which made it comfortable to wear and so that it would not fall off easily. There was a orangutan costume; also a hornbill and deer. It did not make you feel hot as there were a lot of openings for circulation so that it was comfortable and you could wear it for two hours. Once the campaign manager wore one for seven hours during a village fair and walked 9 Km in it. These costumes were usually worn during school visits, environment day events, and exhibitions.
Attitude and Interpersonal Communication
Table 5. Result Chain and SMART Objectives involving attitude and Interpersonal Communication for farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti Target Audience-Primary Target Village Farmers (the Villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti) Theory of Change Stage A + IC = send out emotional messages to change attitude and encourage conversation/communication Marketing Activities Meetings + Trainings Sedentary Farming Banner T-Shirt with the campaign logo image Comparative Studies on Sedentary Agriculture without Burning Results Chain A=shifting agriculture farmers understand sedentary farming techniques KI= Existence of communication between farmers about mixed crops sedentary agriculture SMART Objectives By the end of the campaign (June 2010), 44,4% farmers do not agree that land clearing in the forest area does not create problems will increase to 70%
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(Q44/G6=P24). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), 91,7% farmers in the Babual Baboti village who take up the attitude that mixed crop agriculture on own land is beneficial will increase to 95% (Q46/G7=P25). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), 83,3% farmers in the Babual Baboti village who take up the attitude that trainings on mixed crop agriculture is beneficial will increase to 90% (Q47/G7=P25). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the people in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti discussing land management technology for agriculture with their relatives and neighbours will increase from 25% to 35% (Q56=P28). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the people in target villages (Tempayung and Babual Baboti) who discuss the conservation of the biodiversity and forest with their relatives and neighbours will increase from 16,7% to 20% (Q58=P30). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the people in the target villages who discuss the benefits of the Lamandau River Wildlife area will increase fom 25% to 50% (Q58=P30). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), people in Babual Baboti who discuss the village border with the Lamandau reserve area will decline 66,7% to 16,7% (Q58=P30). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the people in the two target villages (Tempayung dan Babual Baboti) who discuss sedentary agricultural technology will increase from 33,3% to 16,7% or = 16,6% increase (Q60=P32). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the people in the two target villages (Tempayung dan Babual Baboti) who discuss sedentary agricultural technology will increase from 20,8% to 40% (Q60=P32). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the people in the 2 primary target villages who discuss sedentary agriculture and its benefits will increase 8,3% to 50% (Q60=P32). Activity 1: Holding Monthly Meetings and Trainings Rationale for activity: There are several reason that make this activity very important to encourage change of behaviour and interpesonal communication of the target audience (the farming community of the villages of Tempayung dan Babual Baboti) because very few of them take their stance over this and discuss it with family/relatives, neighbours, friends and educators. Their knowledge of forest conservation and sedentary agriculture as beneficial is very low. This community is actually easy to change although gradually. They let their lives flow on and now they are at a point where they are kind of confused because they suddenly realize their forest is dwindling, why they have to take care of the forest, their farmland is no longer productive so to make ends meet they have to clear the forest by slash and burn to make some more. The impact forest fires caused by slash and burn shifting agriculture is that the forest is damaged, water springs dry up, and the wildlife of the Lamandau reserve turn into pests.
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In order to promote a positive attitude and keep them interested in discussing it with family/friends, neighbours, friends and the officials mentoring them, a monthly activity to help them meet each other combined with training is necessary. This is to accustom them to discussions which eventually will encourage a positive attitude which will become a commitment that the forest has its benefits, conserving it is important and not futile, and that it is a common responsibility. Meetings and trainings are also a channel to relay campaign messages for behaviour changes as is asserted in the Rare Pride Handbook, 2008 about working with adults. Most activities are participatory outreach through a lot of discussions in community meetings.
Figure 17. Farmers meeting and training in the primary target villages Kegiatan pertemuan dan pelatihan petani di discussing sedentary agricultere and its benefits
Activity Description: Meetings and trainings are held monthly in the target village and every meting has its own objectives and results to achieve. Before every meeting, we contacted the village officials for coordination and to inform them of the theme of the meeting. The village officials always received an invitation to get involved hoping that later on they will become an agency that motivates their farming community to get actively involved in, and have a positive attitude toward, expected achievement of these meetings. Meetings are usually held in the evening when it is easier to invite people to a gathering. Trainings are organized based on the agreement achieved in meetings and are held either in the morning or evening during holidays (usually Sunday). Based on the time available in the activity monitoring operational plan, this activity is usually on Sunday between the middle and the end of the month (12-15 days). Meetings are usually attended by 10-25 people in a small group (farmers), whereas in the large group, which is mixed, there can be up to 30 people attending. They are encouraged to join in the dicscussion in every meeting and training. They are encouraged to ask question about what have become their needs, expectation, challenges, barriers facing them, their plans for the improvement of their harvest. In the campaign mid-year meeting, we distributed the posters whose themes become the topic of discussions during the monthly meetings. Most of the material given to the farmers both in theory and practice included the following:
What the benefits of the forest are, Why we need to plant trees in relation to climate change, Sedentary agriculture is beneficial, ‘Be Prudent On Our Own Land’, save water sources, caring for the climate and provides other forest benefits (honey, medicinal plants, fish), How to cultivate land, Cultivation techniques (propagation), Making fire isolators, Making organic compost, How to get help with agricultural production facilities
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Lesson learnt from this activity are as follows:
Why understanding culture and individual characteristics is important. Identifying ways or strategies to encourage the target audience to support the achievements of all meetings as well as campaign results. Adapting meeting themes to events in the near future. For example, August is the month when people clear land by slash and burn method and 1-2 months prior to that during meetings they are reminded not to clear land by slashing and burning and at the same time show them how to manage land without burning.
Activity 2: Displaying the Sedentary Agriculture Banners Rationale for Activies: Similar to stickers, banners serve as a reminder of a specific campaign key message (Rare Pride Handbook, 2008). Banners are set up to attract the farmers in the target villages to adopt the attitude that sedentary agriculture is beneficial. The reason being, sedentary agriculture keeps the forest safe and the harvest is better. Banners may be set up in any strategic site where the public can see it while doing their daily activities. Because of this, it is hoped that the banner will also have the function to improve the role of attitude and to get target farmers curious so that they discuss it with their social circle. The expected end result would be that they realize sedentary agriculture is important and beneficial.
Image 18. Banners erected in Tempayung and Babual Baboti villages
Activity Description: For this campaign, banners were booked to print in November 2010, only setting them up was delayed to be done at the same time of the first poster that had the same theme which was Sedentary Agriculture is More Beneficial in January 2010. The banner was produced locally by a printing shop in Pangkalan Bun. Its size was 3x75 cm. It was designed in a structured manner. The font for the key message was bigger and in green. It said, Berladang Menetap Lebih Menguntungkan (sedentary agriculture is more beneficial). It was then followed by a sub-message in blue which said Hutan Tetap Terjaga, Panen Lebih Maksimal (The Forest is conserved, Maximize the Harvest). On the right of the banner there was the campaign logo. At the very bottom were the groups/agencies supporting the campaign.
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It is agreed upon that the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign banner instigates its audience to take a stance that Sedentary Agriculture Has More Benefits. After a consultation with the supervisor and Rare pride mentor and getting the recommendation to print, the plan is to display the banners in the primary target villages and several strategic sites such as the speedboat harbor, in front of the village office or hall and to take it with us during educational visits to the villages. Initially, we are going to print just 3 banners for the primary target villages, Tempayung and Babual Baboti. Due to some strategic issues, after some final discussions we decided to display the banners only in target villages to encourage positive attitude and discussion among the villagers especially the farmers. The first was displayed by the roadside in the village of Tempayung, the second at the gate of Babual Baboti village, and the third one is on the border between the neigbourhoods of Deper and Baboti- in the village of Babual Baboti. The erection of the banners was organized by the demonstration plot assistant, a local from the village of Tempayung, after discussion with the campaign team. Activity 3: Pride - Be Prudent On Our Own Land T-Shirt Rationale for Activity: According to the Rare Pride Handbook, 2008, T-Shirt has the characteristic of an accessory or even souvenir of the educational activities and could be used as a prize for end of educational quizzes. These quizzes are questions to measure whether the material imparted has been received, understood and may motivate the campaign target community. The lesson learnt is similar to that of pins and stickers which is to encourage pride and a reminder to the campaign message. Other people who sees it will also see the message on it. The reach is medium as it is not distributed to everyone, and its depth is low. However, people may be proud of wearing this T-shirt because they feel as if the they take part in the campaign. That reason itself fits the plan and reason of producing the T-shirt.
Figure 19. Pride T-shirt distributed to the audience
Activity Description: 150 t-shirts with Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride campaign logo and slogan and an exhortation to conserve the reserve by sedentary agriculture have been printed. These T-shirts would be distributed to the participants in the sedentary agriculture comparative study, campaign volunteers, campaign team and during instructional sessions in schools and villages as prizes for the educational results quiz. By April 2010 120 have been distributed (including those for RARE publication and other campaign managers in 10 other sites). The rest are reserved for quiz prizes during educational sessions in schools and villages as well as agricultural trainings. This T-shirt is made of cotton, ordered from a shop in Bandung for a month. To make them, they bought good quality cotton material whish was then cut and sown according to the ordered sizes ie. XL = 20, L = 100 and M = 30. Prior to ordering from the shop, the campaign manager had a discussion with his supervisor on colour, design and message on the t-shirt. We agreed on melon green with the campaign logo on its front and under the logo is the message of Untuk Kelestarian Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve (For the Conservation of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve). The back of the t-shirt has Kampanye Bangga Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve (Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign) written on it with the logo of supporting agencies or groups. Based on results of monitoring and 42
feedback from the campaign executive team for education, the audience was very happy with this t-shirt, and some were even requested by Lamandau EC project from OFUK for souvenirs, public information and strengthening on the conservation of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve in the Sukamara District. The t-shirt were also distributed to the representative of the Kingdom of Kutaringin and the Head of the Environmental Agency of Kotawaringin Barat District. Activity 4: Comparative Studies on Sedentary Mixed Crop Agriculture Reason for Activity: A comparative study gives the target audience examples of the benefits and other technical issues related to sedentary agriculture . The objective is to help make adoption of agroforestry easier because they can see the success of other group. The level of awareness about taking a stance and the courage to cultivate a positive attitude in oneself toward the fact that sedentary agriculture is important and has many benefits are still weak. The activity was designed to have a lot of discussion time and it is hoped it can promote a positive attitude. What has been learned from the study has many benefits which could be imparted to family, relatives, and friends in their own village. This activity was also held to motivate behaviour change.
Figure 20. Participants of Comparative Sudy Mixed Crop No Burning Sedentary Field in the Village of Sintuk, Sub-District Kumai 26-28 April 2010
Activity Description: Comparative Studies on Sedentary Mixed Crop Agriculture were carried out on the farmers’ learning stage and comparing the farming activities they were practicing to the practice adopted by people in different villages. This activity has been done twice and it was one of the strategies for barrier removal. Both times, we had discussion time to share experiences, listen to one another and give comments. During the first comparative study held on 28th March 2010 at the demonstration plot belonging to a staff of Sukamara Forestry Office, we even had two opportunities to have a discussion. The first comparative study was focused on the introduction to the variey of plants and their benefits. Then, during the second study carried out on 26th -28 Aprilth 2010 in the sedentary farm belonging to a member of a farmers group in the village of Sintuk, we had three days for discussion and there were six (6) activities. We discussed plant diseases, analysis of the benefits of sedentary agriculture without burning, propagation techniques, land cultivation without burning and planting layout. The impact was that the participants have stared to be unafraid to talk, take a stance and came up with a follow up plan that may be imparted to farmers community in their own villages.
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Behaviour Change
Table 6. Result Chain and SMART Objectives for Behaviour Change by Farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti Target Audience - Primary Target Village Farmers (Villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti) Theory of Change Stage To encourage, stimulate and make a behaviour change model Marketing Activities Agricultural Demonstration plot Meetings+Trainings Fact Sheets Comparative Study No Burning Sedentary Agriculture Result Chain The behaviour of shifting agriculture (slash and burn) changed into sedentary agriculture SMART Objectives By the end of the campaign (June 2010), 50% (101 KK) of shiting farmers from two target villages adopt the activity of mixed crop sedentary agricultural demonstration plot (direct survey). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the practice of burning farmland in the villages of Tempayung dan Babua Baboti will decline 50% from 606 frequency (202 families times burning per month) (direct survey). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), there will be behaviour change from 22,2% farmers in the target villages do not know or sometimes see the practice of shifting agriculture with slash and burn system to 55% (Q68=P38). Activity 1: Establishing an Agricultural Demonstration Plot Rationale for Activity: This activity of Sedentary Mixed Crop Agricultural With No Burning Demonstration Plot is chosen because it is regarded as having the potential, according to the result of BRAVO assessment, to overcome or reduce the behaviour of slash and burn shifting farming land clearing. Because this demonstration plot may become a learning medium or vehicle we can adopt. As it says in the Rare Pride Handbook, 2008 there is a lesson learnt in this activity i.e. as learning guidelines and as a tool to maintain behaviour change and as an exhibition medium which is visual and attractive. A demonstration plot is usually established within a specific community. It is correct that the choice audience is one with high potential for shifting farming so it is necessary to build a sample of farming techniques that are environmentally friendly. The Rare Pride Handbook, 2008 also says that this activity is of high depth although its reach is low because the audience targeted is specific. However, according to this study, its reach may become higher with the use of promotion. The timing also fits the stage of this campaign, i.e. near the middle of the campaign. So, in addition to being a barrier removal activity, it is also a suitable message marketing medium. The promotion of demonstration plot in the community of the primary target village those nearby is capable of encouraging behaviour change from shifting farming to sedentary agriculture.
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Image 21. No burning sedentary mixed crop Demonstration plot in the village of Tempayung
Activity Description: In June 2009, we approached the two target villages (Tempayung and Babual Baboti) informing them that the objective of this Pride campaign is to establish a mixed crop demonstration plot. The result was, in July 2009, the village authorities of the village of Tempayung gave 2 hectares of village common land. The area that used to be the village forest was burned down during a season of slash and burn agriculture. On this land there grew various valuable crops such as rubber and local variants of durian (terotungan, pompaan), cempedak, mentawa, duku and langsat. Some trees were still standing there and could be used to grow others later on. The demonstration plot land was then expanded to 3 hectares according to the permit issued by the Tempayung village chief in December 2009. This expansion was into a swamp area which may be planted with rubber which will make that swamp area protected. When we visited the Mixed Crops Demonstration Plot in October 2009, the area that had been cleared was 1.25 hectares. Trees whose diametre was over 15 cm were not cut down. During slashing, some holes were dug for the cuttings and composting. The branches of the cut down trees were cut into smaller pieces and collected for area borders and the excess were put in the holes. Composting had also been started at the same time as cleaning the area that had been cleared which will continue to be done on a regular basis. Some part of the area was already prepared for planting with hoes (for turning the soil). Activity 2: Monthly Meetings and Training Rationale for Activity: The objective of monthly meetings and trainings is to repeat the messages to increase the confidence of the target audience and to facilitate increase in knowledge and eventually change in behaviour. As is explained in the Rare Pride Handbook, 2008, training provides information to improve knowledge, skills and attitude. Apart from helping individuals or groups in making decision or finding solutions effectively as well as encouraging self development and confidence. In order to change the old behaviour of shifting, slash and burn to sedentary cultivation, with reduced or no burning, it is necessary to build the capacity of the farmers resources by meetings and trainings so that they are capable to manage this farming system well.
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Various issues were discussed both as theory and results analysis of land and crops are imparted during meetings, followed by trainings in land cultivation, site mapping, composting, cultivation techniques (from making seedlings to maintenance and calculating harvest). Without all these, it is probable that the habit of burning the land which people think as a tradition handed down for generations will not change. It is even possible that land expansions will continue to grow because farming land is getting smaller and smaller as they sell them to palm plantations. The campaign manager and supervisor are aware that this is a continuous process which should not stop when this campaign project ends. Activity Description: Meetings on behaviour changes in the campaign primary target community are more directed toward relay of messages contained in the technical material followed by training practices, for example how to make fire isolators, land cultivation maps and steps of sedentary mixed crop cultivation and analysis of results. Apart from meetings with farmers, the campaign team also holds coordination meetings with village government officials and prominent local farmers. A few times we invited several people from the community to join us in clearing the land. We are committed to make the demonstration plot an attraction for people from other villages to learn from the village of Tempayung and enable them to learn from the people of Tempayung and Babual Baboti who have been willing to change. At this stage several village’s prominent citizens helped in the effort to support land monitoring and would also help informing people about the functions of the mixed crop demonstration plot. This commitment was reached after the formulation of the Land Cultivation With No Burning Training activity, from planning, land clearing by slashing, hole digging, areas for rows of main crops and intercrops and the guard house and how to use the tree cuttings. It’s a shame that this activity did not get many participants. However, this training produced a follow up activity which was a regular meeting in the third week of the month, and the farmers would invite other farmers to come as well to the next meeting. We also invited a member of Manggala Agni DAOP III Pangkalan BunBKSDA Kalimantan Tengah to present the theory of No Burning Land Clearing. We also did some coordination with the Center of Agricultural Instruction of the Sub-District of Kotawaringin Lama to have them take a role as a resource person in the no burning slashed field cultivation. The lesson learnt from this training is that coordination is very important to ensure that information is imparted continuously so that people can participate in activities and messages received correctly. Activity 3: Factsheet Rationale for Activity: This medium is chosen because it contains messages and explanation that are short and clear followed by pictures that are easy to understand for the audience. As explained in the Rare Pride Handbook, 2008. factsheets may have a very effective value for the learning and teaching process because of it uses pictures, clear, short, and structured. This will help some of the audience to be able to remember easily because of the pictures which give more guide rather than listening to theories, dialogues and discussions. It is explained in the Rare Pride Handbook, 2008 that the effect of this activity can reach a wide adult audience , especially farmers. Generally speaking, the depth and reach of this medium is medium, and is used to channel knowledge and awareness and also a reflection and may even be the solution. It fits that this medium is produced.
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Image 22. Pride Campaign Factsheet+ No Burning Sedentary Mixed crops plantation Land Management Techniques
Activity Description: This medium contains information about the area of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, why it is important to preserve the area, what threatens it’s conservation, what activities have been carried out to reduce the threats and the support needed from shifting farmers who are encouraged to change their behaviour. Apart from that, it also contains information on the steps of cultivating a no burning mixed crops field, hoping that this will make them feel guided in cultivating their fields without having to move (to new fields) and burn. The depth of a factsheet is high because it contains materials that can be put into practice. The reach, however, is limited to farmers. But, if these farmers share it with other farmers, then the reach could be high as well. This fact sheet is printed on A4, 120 gsm art paper totalling 500 sheets in the printing shop of SMK Grafika Desa Putera in South Jakarta and cost 2,000 rupiah per sheet. Its theme is the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign of no burning sedentary farming prevents forest and Sungai Lamandau area fires. The first page contains information on the region, about how it has been designated a conservation area and called Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, a forest area which is an important habitat for Kalimantan orangutan, the threats of forest fires as the result of slash and burn land clearing. It also contains support for the conservation of the area shown with a picture of a farmer and his child holding a poster of ’sedentary farming to support the conservation of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve’. On the other side are 10 steps for cultivating no burning mixed crops fields. On both sides of the sheet there are a campaign logo and the logos of the campaign’s supporting partners. This message medium is then distributed in every meeting, training, and agricultural comparative study. This factsheet was produced as a step towards guiding the community to not burn in the dry season which will fall in July/August. Therefore, production started in April 2010 and finished May 2010. It was produced and checked by the agriculture facilitator team. For a tryout of this medium, 40 copies were made and distributed to participants of a comparative study. It got a good response. They were interested to read and follow the steps of land cultivation the factsheet contained. From this activity, the medium is distributed in the farmers meetings in Sukamara as well as in such meetings in Mendawai, facts in order that it becomes a guide to prove a reality that we offer them to adopt. Activity 4: No Burning Sedentary Agriculture Comparative study. 47
Rationale for Activity: The reason a comparative study is included in activities which can accelerate the process of behaviour change is that the public usually need other people, or other place’s success stories as an example which would then constitute an attraction that they may eventually adopt. Apart from that, because they can see for themselves how a concept is manifested in other places and who it is succesful like the no burning mixed crops sedentary farming. Experiencing firsthand how the land cultivation system is done, and how to plant a mixed crops field in a organized and impressive way will help increase the adoption process which give an impact on behaviour change. Activity Description: The Sedentary Mixed Crops Comparative Study was carried out as a study stage comparing the agricultural system that the participants are practicing and that has been adopted by other people. This comparative study was one of the strategies used in the barrier remocal activities. During this activity the community observed the mixed crops plantation on agricultural land cultivated without burning with various concepts of land management. They were shown how to use their land for planting fruit and vegetable plantations, vegetables and rubber and vegetables and fish pond and animal husbandry for manure. The first study was done at the site owned by an official of the Sukamara Forestry Office which is under the administration of the village of Tempayung. This official, at the same time, played a role as a resource person representing the Sukamara Forestry Office, a representative of Kotawaringin Lama SubDistrict Agricultural Instruction Center, and Kotawaringin Barat District Office of Plantation. It was hoped that the community would become motivated because the land in their village was succesfully cultivated and with beneficial results. The participants in this activity were twenty seven (27) farmers from two villages (Tempayung and Babual Baboti).
Image 23. The first Comparative Study in the mixed crop plantation belonging to the Sukamara Office of Forestry
In the second activity they were shown that people in other places are doing the same thing, which is planting rubber, planting rubber with horticultural plants as intercrops before planting big long term crops. The participants from the primary target villages were asked to observe and take notes of things they wanted to ask during discussion time. The impact was that they started to talk, take stances and produce a follow up plan which they could share later with the farmers community in their villages. The follow-up plan (RTL) was drawn up with the Field Instruction Officials from their own villages, motivated by officials of the Office of Agricultural Instruction and Food Security
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Kotawaringin Barat, the Forestry Office of Kotawaringin Barat. This activity was attended by 27 participants from the village of Babual Baboti and two (2) representatives from the Neighbourhood of Mendawai and Mendawai Seberang as well as members of manggala agni Daop III-BKSDA Kalimantan Tengah-SKW II Pangkalan Bun.
Image 24. The second comparitive study visit to a mixed crop plantation owned by one of the farmers in the village of Sintuk, Kumai Sub-District
The final result of the comparative study is that each village (Tempayung and Babual Baboti) produced RTL. After these were commented on by the officials, a comparative study result RTL was formulated. It consists of 6 points Comparative Study Follow Up Plan they would carry out in their own village, i.e.:
Farmers Group regrouping which would be done by May 2010 with help from KP2KP and Lamandau EC Project. Formulation of RDKK and RDK which would be done by June 2010 with help from KP2KP and Lamandau EC Project. Environmentally friendly (no burning) cultivation and regular monthly meeting to be done in May 2010 with help from KP2KP and Lamandau EC Project. Information dispersion of the Comparative Study Result and the May 2010 No Burning Land Cultivation to be done with local government offices involved and eith help from the Lamandau EC Project, KP2KP and the Forestry Office of Kotawaringin Barat. Preparing/organizing Sedentary Mixed crops plantation into an Integrated SedentaryAgriculture to be carried out in August 2010 with help of the Kotawaringin Barat Offices of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Forestry, Plantations, Fishery and Maritime, KP2KP and Lamandau EC Project. Rubber Cultivation Training in November 2010 with the Kotawaringin Barat Offices of KP2KP, Plantation, and Lamandau EC Project.
Implementation of this RTL has only got as far as setting up a farmers group in May 2010, whereas the implemetation of RDKK and RDK was facilitated by KP2KP, BPP Kolam in the July 2010 meeting.
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b. Secondary Target Audience: the Farmers Community around the area of Sungai Lamandau WR
Knowledge
Table 7. Chain Result and SMART Objectives for knowledge for the Farmers Community in 10 Villages Around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Target Audience - Secondary Target Village Farmers (Farmers in 10 Villages around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve) Theory of Change Stage Knowledge (Giving information to improve knowledge) Marketing Activities Pins+Stickers Radio Spots Posters Educational visit + Mascot Costumes SUMPITAN Bulletin Climate Change themed 2010 calendar Result Chain Shifting farmers are aware of the benefits of sedentary agriculture SMART Objectives By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the knowledge of the farmers community around the LRWR about the forest function for carbon sequestration increase from 14,4% to 50% (Q21=P10). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the knowledge of the farmers community around the LRWR about the relationship between the damage sustained by forest and sea water intrusion will increase from 40.7% to 65%(Q29=P18). The four activities carried out for the marketing of campaign messages to the secondary target farmer community around the area of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve are meant to develop the increase in knowledge. Rationale and description of this activity is the same as that described in the activity for the primary target farmer community. Activity 5: Distributing the 2010 Climate Change theme Calendar Rationale for Activity: the reason for producing this calendar was adapting messages and momentum. The turn of the year is the right moment to present a message medium to the target audience around the Lamandau Reserve. This calendar contains the campaign message ‘the function of forest is to safeguard climate change by absorbing carbon’, so that the message may increase their knowledge about this function of the forest, help absorb carbon and prevent catastrophe that affects health and agriculture. The reason was the lack of knowledge on the part of the people about how the forest absorps carbon which shown in the result of the initial survey which recorded there were only 22,2 % of the community around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve knew the function of forest as carbon sequester.
Image 25. Calendar distribution to a secondary target group.
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Activity Description: The calendar is 30x45 cm, consists of 12 full colour sheets. Each month has a picture that shows the theme for the month, the calendar itself, and the knowledge message. 1,500 copies of this calendar were printed in Bogor and is a collaborative message media with the climate change campaign of the Yayorin Forest Carbon Community. It will be used as a souvenir for village and school educational session quizzes and also during community meetings and trainings. We also distributed the calendars during climate change discussions and seminars held by the Forest Carbon Community team.
Attitude and Interpesonal Communication
Table 8.
Chain Result and SMART Objectives involving Attitude and Interpersonal Communication for the Farming Community in ten Villages around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
Target Audience-Secondary Target Village Farmers (Farmers in 10 Villages Around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve) Theory of Change Stage A + IC = send out emotional messages to change attitude and encourage conversation/communication Marketing Activities Meetings + Trainings Result Chain A=shifting agriculture farmers understand sedentary farming techniques KI= Existence of communication between farmers about mixed crops sedentary agriculture SMART Objectives By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the farmers community around LRWR who disagree that land clearing in the region does not create problems will increase from 28% to 77,2% (Q44/G6=P24). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the number of farmers in the community around LRWR who have a positive attitude that mixed crop fields are beneficial will increase from 87,7% to 95% (Q46/G7=P25). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the number of farmers in the community around LRWR who say the mixed crop agriculture training is beneficial will increase from 84,6% to 95% (Q46/G7=P25). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), people in the other 10 villages Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve who haven’t discuss land cultivation and forest conservation will increase from 23,5% to 59% (Q56=P28). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the entire village community around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve who have discussed the benefits of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve will increase from 14,7% (n=54) to 31% (Q58=P30). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the people in the 10 villages around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve who have discussed sedentary agriculture and its benefits will increase from 16% menjadi 20% (Q60=P32). The rationale and description of activities carried out to improve attitude and increase interpersonal communication in the message marketing activities to the secondary target farmer community around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve region are as those of the primary target activities. 51
Behaviour Change
Table 9.
Result Chain and SMART Objectives for Behaviour Change in the Farmer Community in 10 Villages around Sungai Lamandau WR
Target Audience-Secondary Target Village Farmers (Farmers in 10 Villages Around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve) Theory of Change Stage To encourage, stimulate and create behaviour change model Marketing Activity Poster Meeting+Training Fact Sheet Participatory Video Result Chain The behaviour of shifting agriculture (slash and burn) change into sedentary SMART Objectives By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the farmers in the community around the area of LRWR involved in forest conservation (tree planting) will increase from 4,8% to 14% (based on event/action record). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the farmers in the community around the area of LRWR willing to get involved in the land cultivation and forest conservation will increase from 62,1% to 65% (Q64=36). The three activities carried out to increase behaviour change of the secondary target farmers audience around the area of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve share the same rationale and activity description as those done with the primary target farming community. The following are a few pictures of the distribution of campaign messages marketing media for behaviour change. It has been explained above.
Image 26. Distribution of posters in target village: from farmers to farmer’s children
52
Activity 4: Screening of the Participative Video Rationale for Activity: The reason this film was produced was to stimulate behaviour change with high message depth and high reach (as it can be multiplied, Pride Handbook, 2008). Clear visual and audio mean that this medium has the strength of the message to encourage behaviour change and knowledge as well as awareness. This fits the image that the same community has made some changes, as is pictured in the film, and is able to encourage the other communities around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve to follow the same footsteps cultivating sedentary land with rubber as the main crop. Generally speaking, a real life illustration of the success story of some other person from the same region will be easier to understand and poses more stimulation to adopt the activity objective to achieve at the end of the campaign which is sedentary agriculture.
Image 27. A frame from the participative video about rubber cultivation
Activity Description: This film was made simply from recorded clips made with several cameras and processed with a movie maker program with high resolution. The theme of this film is the enthusiasm of the villagers of Tempayung who have cultivated sedentary fields with rubber and other mixed crops. The duration of this film is 10 minutes 43 seconds; it is an 83.5 MB Winamp Media File and produced by one of the educators with the Yayorin mobile education program sub-team. This film was usually screened during village educational sessions and community meetings before we started with the day’s topic.
c. Addtional Target(s)
Knowledge
Table 10. Marketing Activity Material for target farmers’ children (both primary and secondary) around Sungai Lamandau WR Target Audience - target farmers’children around Sungai Lamandau WR (primary and secondary audience) Theory of Change stage Knowledge (the giving of information to increase knowledge. Marketing Activity Educational visits to schools. Activity 1: Implementing School Educational Visits + Mascot Costumes Rationale for Activity: The reason for implementing this activity is because the schools are the place where these farmers’ children get formal education. Instructions about what the functions of the forest and the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, about orangutan and what to do to support conservation of orangutan are things that they are 53
expected to tell their parents. Children and teenagers can pass on useful information. They can usually be very enthusiastic when they understand what the benefits of a forest are and why it is necessary to protect orangutans, and they can give information if some people in their village keep orangutan, or if they see people from their village gather wood or lumber or clear land for new fields. They are an audience who have an important role in giving their parents important information that can raise their awareness in a emotional way within their families. Rare Pride Handbook, 2008 explains that school activities encourages increase of knowledge on specific issues and stimulates a willingness to take preventive measures. Effect of this activity is limited to target audience (students and educators) with high depth and medium reach. There is an assumption that messages received will be imparted and have an impact on adults in the household. Therefore, this activity fits.
Image 28. Campaign Mascots play an important role in attracting the students to focus on the school instructions
Activity Description: The 30 schools that are targeted for school instructional sessions are located in every campaign target village. The frequency of the visits varied from school to school from 1 to 6 times. One school may get more than one visit. This school instruction, followed by mobile library activity, used a power point presentation. Themes of instruction included forest benefits, introduction to Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and the orangutan. Before instruction began, there was an opening program coordinated with the school, followed by an introduction to the campaign executive team, then breaking the ice and finally the presentation. Opening section usually lasted 10 minutes, then ice breaking using games took about 510 minutes. Presentation of material usually needed around 30 minutes and 10-15 for a quizz followed by distribution of souvenir/prizes (whether it was a pride t-shirt, pins, stickers, calendars, SUMPITAN bulletins, or note books whose cover have the depiction of forest conservation and an orangutan. When the class situation is not conducive to learning, the team would use the second strategy, story telling using puppets and campaign mascot costumes or taking the children out for some educational game outdoors for 30 to 60 minutes. After one hour, the students were invited to see the mobile library books and were encouraged to read. The books available include picture books about animals, folk stories, environmental magazines and books about the environment. In addition to the mobile library there is also Mobil Baca (a reading car) which visits the schools in the campaign target villages every morning (especially those reachable at present, which are the schools in the Sub-District of Arut Selatan- in the District of Kotawaringin Barat). After school visits, the team usually go out to offer schools afternoon activities which include:
Educational Media Kit (containing, among others, campaign mascot colouring sheets, equipment for water biology observation, binoculars for bird watching, senses game equipment). All of these activities are to encourage them to learn about the environment around them, the forest aroun them, life around them.
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Conservation song. The children learn to sing this song and sing it together. The expected outome is that they sing it during school time as well (especially elementary school students). Educational Games. The games are usually about working together, creativity and knowledge.
Image 29. Other activities both inside and outside of school for farmers’ children
There are also campaign messages to introduce Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and the environmentally friendliness and sustainability of sedentary agriculture, and how it conserves forest and supports agriculture. The mobile education team as the executive impart those messages in the activity of Local Content of Sustainable Agriculture in Sukamara District. 2. Barrier Removal Activities One of the important stages in the implementation of the Pride program is creating campaign marketing media. These media are designed as an approach tool to improve knowledge, attitudes and change conscious behaviour so that the target audience tries practicing new things in agriculture. Marketing Media are created to support the adoption process of sedentary farming by the primary target audience. This audience is the shifting agricultural farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti which during a documentation process in June 2009 consisted of 175 families (45 in Tempayung and 130 in Babual Baboti). In February-March 2010 we did a data collection by data informasion investigation both from the village and the community itself. The data was collected in March 2010 and showed there were 202 families (46 in Tempayung and 176 in Babual Baboti). Apart from creating marketing media, another important stage is the barrier removal activities. The barrier removal activity built was the No Burning Sedentary Mixed crops plantation Demonstration plot. It would be designed as a site for learning farming land management and no burning sedentary plants maintenance. To attract the community’s interest even further, and to make it easier for the targets to adopt the system, we also held several agricultural trainings and comparative study activities. During the meetings (trainings) we made an agreement with participants that every meeting must be followed by a training follow up in the demonstration plot or on one of the participants’ own pieces of land. The Overall Objective Reduction of land clearing for farming encroaching the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve from 202 shifting farmer families in the two target villages by June 2010 to 101
55
families. The expected conservation result is that the habitat of orangutan and other wildlife is thus protected. Benchmarks/Specific important events in the adoption plantation as the expected results are the following:
of
mixed
crop
1. In July 2009 we identified the site for mixed crop demonstration plot and there was a local understanding (village and group approach). 2. In October 2009 we got data of area mapping including size and ownership, result of soil nutrition observation, inventory of the kinds of plants the locals plant, and the design of mobilization of farmers in the villages plant care monitoring 3. Near the end of 2009, 100% of the community’s farmer groups in the two villages practicing shifting agriculture or slash and burn system have received knowledge (information) on mixed crop system sedentary agriculture. 4. The District’s Office of Agricultural Instruction and Food Security as well as the Center for Agricultural Instructor Information and other offices related to plant seedlings (The Office for Agriculture, Plantation and Forestry) expressed their commitment to recommend the suitability of demonstration plot and lend a sustainable support of in-field technical help in the beginning of 2010. 5. By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the 33,3% of the farmer community in the village of Babual Baboti previously did not care of forest conservation have now become 0% (Q70/G6) after the learning the importance of forest conservation. 6. By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the number of farmer in the target villages did not know or sometimes saw the activity of shifting agriculture with slash and burn system increased from 22,2% to 55% (Q93). 7. By the end of the Pride campaign (June 2010), 50% frrom 202 families (101 families) shifting farmers adopted sedentary agriculture. Accomplishment of Barrier Removal Activity From the progress report of Santoso, 2010 there is a record of the process of barrier removal (no burning sedentary mixed crop demonstration plot) as follows: 1.
Dissemination of Information about the Plan to Build a No Burning Sedentary Mixed Crop Demonstration plot Informational and coordination activities with the Village Chief of Tempayung and Babual Baboti had started in June 2009 to establish a demonstration plot of no burning sedentary mixed crop cultivation whose function would be to give an instructive example to farmers who were still practicing shifting and slash farming. This ‘socialization’ was carried out through community meetings facilitated by a farming specialist from the mobile education team who also works for the EC Lamandau project and runs practical training sessions for farmers. At the village government level the process of explaining the program was coordinated with the Tempayung Village Chief and his staff right down to neighbourhood level. The same went for Babual Baboti Village Chief and his staff.
2.
Make a requeast to borrow land for Cultivation of No Burning Mixed Crop Sedentary Estate Demonstration plot In planning the demonstration plot, the campaign manager and agricultural facilitator worked with the chief of Tempayung. In a previous meeting the village had shown willingness to lend 2 hectares of land. With that offer in mind, the process of land borrowing was followed by coordinating the plan of building the demonstration plot and its function plan with the village authority (Village Chief, Treasurer, Head of Governmental Section and Head of Development Section).
3.
Demonstration Plot for Sedentary Mixed Crop Cultivation With No Burning 56
In the agreement with the village of Tempayung this demonstration plot will be under the management of Yayorin for a year in cooperation with Orangutan Foundation UK with financial support from RARE Pride Campaign program Barrier Removal Fund and Lamandau EC project from the European Union which lasted from July 2009 to June 2010. During the initial stage, the land was cleared of bushes and plants whose trunks were less than five (5) cm in diametre. This clearing work uses the system of slash and “penyimpukan” which means tree cutting are collected together forming a long row which then become a border between different areas in the plot. In addition to that, we also dug holes 1 metre deep and 1 square metre wide with two metre intervals at the four sides of the land. These are multi function holes, i.e. as composting holes as well as a place to gather twigs. This was also a strategy for not burning. Then along the four sides of the land we dug gutters next to which banana trees were planted as a buffer against fire. Ditches and banana trees, whose trunks contain a lot of water, will be able to prevent fire moving either out or in, from or to other areas.
Figure 30. Cultivation of mixed crop demonstration plot from land clearing (cleaning) to taking care of plants
After the clearing process, the plot is then prepared for planting using a hoe and beds are made lengthwise: one metre wide and 3-4 metres long. These beds are for short term plants (horticulture). After cultivating one part, they start clearing the next part in stages. In the midst off all this work, the Village Chief of Tempayung requested an expansion of its demonstration plot to the north which is a swampy area and an exfire site. So, now the total area of the demonstration plot is 3 hectares. The chief reasoned that it is greening the area at the same time and we can plant jelutung (rubber) in the swamp because there used to be a lot of jelutung trees there. When we were sure there would be no more additional land, we started mapping it and allocating it. One farmer’s family generally cultivates 2-3 hectares of land. So, this demonstration plot is ideal in which the agricultural facilitator and demonstration plot assistant may cultivate the land better and would show the public an example of how sedentary cultivation will be more economical and gives more benefits. The mixed crop demonstration plot would become a model site for mixed crops (short term plants: horticulture, medium term plants: papaya, bananas, and long term plants: rubber/ Hevea brasiliensis, fruits and jelutung/ Dyera costulata, syn. D. laxiflora). The essence is, the public will learn how to slash without burning and manage the control of fire (using different strategies of isolating the fire) and cultivate their land including planning the layout of the plants and hopefully they would no longer carry out land expansion. 4.
Building Farmers Learning Center on the Demonstration Plot Site In November 2009, the Agricultural facilitator who was in the Yayorin education and mobile library sub program undertook the coordination of preparing the plan for building Farmers Learning Center on the land of the No Burning Mixed Crop Sedentary Demonstration plot. After getting the go ahead from the supervisor and support from the Village Chiefs of Tempayung and Babual Baboti, the building
57
process was planned in December 2009. During the building process, the campaign manager always held a monthly coordination meeting with the Village Chief of Tempayung about the position of the buildings and the progress of the work.
Figure 31. Photograph of the activity of building a farming study hall which is integrated into demonstration plot activity
Development planning must go through various processes. It started from planning the shape, cost and site of the building, as well planning the continuity of the facilities and the mixed crop demonstration plot. We agreed that the building would be 5x10 square metre. The study hall would be 3x5 square metres, guard house 3x4 square metre, kitchen and storeroom in one 2x4 square metre building. Study and guard house would be under one 5x6 square metre roof while the roof for the kitchen and storeroom would be adjusted to the size of the building (see attachments). Additional buildings would be bathrooms near the kitchen and water tank. Building material was obtained, the site for the building were prepared and the land map was ready with even the distribution of management areas. The Village chief of Tempayung worked as the foreman. The buildings were expected to be ready in January 2010. However, delays were expected because there was a problem with workers (not enough?) and the many traditional activities as well as the insistence of the local people to have the demonstration plot site blessed according their traditional rituals. The work was directly monitored by the Village Chief and the agricultural facilitator as well as the campaign manager. Finally, after all of those things, the building works of the Farmers Learning Center in the No Burning Mixed Crop Sedentary Demonstration plot started on 2nd January 2009. Later on, the Farmers Learning Center would become a meeting and discussion hall for farmers in learning about sedentary agriculture without burning with a mixed crop system. This learning center would be cared for (and lived in) by the demonstration plot assistant. There had also been a selamatan (blessing ceremony) attended by some government representatives and farmers. There were ten people there and the campaign manager with the help from the agriculture facilitator introduced the building of the farmers learning center. 5.
Promoting Mixed Crop Sedentary Agriculture Without Burning During this stage, promotion of the plot demonstrating mixed crop sedentary agriculture without burning is carried out by introducing it in various village meetings, district level seminars and to section heads of the Office of Agriculture and 58
Animal Husbandry of Kotawaringin Barat. Earlier, during initial work of developing the demonstration plot, it was also introduced to the independent evaluator team of the European Union Project who gave a visit. During that visit, the campaign manager explained to them that this demonstration plot is the result of cooperation between Lamandau EC prroject and Yayorin Pride campaign who worked in partnership with an agency called RARE. In the middle of the year, the management of Lamandau EC project had some doubts about this cooperation and some expenses that needed co be covered had to be recalculated to fit the resources available. However, the campaign management, i.e. the campaign manager, on inputs from supervisor, explained to them that this demonstration plot needed a joint management and a follow up. After some negotiation on a personal level through the education team that was also working for the Lamandau EC project, we arrived at an agreement the Lamandau EC Project would continue demonstration plot management up to the end of December 2011. At the end of July 2010 they even invited OFUK volunteers to build a water tank for irrigation in anticipation of a drought as well as build a fish pond the demonstration plot land. The result of various promotion and the development of the demonstration plot itself, which has displayed succesful harvests, there were visits from many farmers from the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti and also from other nearby villages such as Sakabulin and Makartijaya (Despot = Desa Potensial=potential villages), and Kotawaringin Hilir.
Figure 32. Demonstration plot promotion activity. European Union Project Evaluation Team and a representative of BPP (the Agricultural Instruction Center) of Kotawaringin Lama when watching the process of developing the land of the kebun campuran menetap no burning sedentary mixed crops plantation demonstration plot in the village of Tempayung
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CHAPTER 5. Campaign Results As stated in the Project Charter, there are five main objectives of the Pride behaviour change campaign monitoring strategy, namely: 1. To measure exposure to Pride campaign activities among the two main target groups, namely: a. Farmers practicing shifting cultivation in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti as the primay target group, and b. Farming communities in 10 other villages around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve as well as the general communities around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve exposed to the campaign results. 2. To measure achievement level in each SMART and Theory of Change target before and after the Pride campaign (using SurveyPro data analysis). 3. To measure objectives achievement and campaign messages promotional media outreach to the community. 4. To evaluate the level of farmers’ adoption and compliance to permanent agroforestry agriculture without slash-and-burn in order to prevent land clearings and forest fires or wildfires. 5. To measure the development of Permanent Agroforestry Agriculture without Slash-and-Burn Demonstration plot currently in progress, which aims to to provide constant inspiration and examples of permanent agriculture management and cultivation without slash-and-burn as a barrier removal strategy in order that the target groups change their behaviour and adopt the new behaviour.
1. Pre- and Post- Campaign Survey Method Campaign Managers and Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia compare two surveys (precampaign and post-campaign surveys) in order to measure the campaign’s success. Both quantitative surveys were conducted with the Simple Random Sampling method in 12 villages around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. The pre-campaign survey was conducted in March 2009 to establish the foundation for the SMART1 targets related to the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) components of the Pride Campaign’s Theory of Change, whereas the post-campaign survey was conducted in the end of the campaign’s one-year-period in June 2010. Both surveys gather the socio-economical data and basic demography (as the baseline data) of the respondents, known as independent variables, and contain questions measuring their Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP), known as dependent variables. The pre-campaign survey investigates local sources of information trusted by the target groups, their media usage (such as radio and newspaper) and their preferred media programs as the foundation of information distribution and barrier removal towards behaviour change. The information is used to accomplish Pride campaign activities, outreach strategies and messages. These findings are reported in the Project Charter. In addition, the post-campaign survey also contains new questions designed to measure campaign activities exposure. The three target groups of the campaign are the sub-groups to be analyzed in the survey, which include: (1) famers practicing shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn 60
system around and within the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area, (2) farmers in ten other villages practicing shifting cultivation or permanent agriculture with slash-and-burn system, and (3) the community in general. Sample size selection is based on the following: (1) population size of 12 target villages, (2) 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error. Based on a calculation by surveysample.com, a sample of 379 respondents is needed for a population of 33,070. Control groups are not used in the surveys for Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign as a comparison to demonstrate “connections” between the changes and the Pride campaign intervention as a whole. Control groups are not used considering that some questions were eliminated in the pre-campaign and post-campaign surveys. For comparison purposes, we merely ensure the existence of different interventions among villages with high campaign frequency and intensity to demonstrate the changes. Therefore, the pre- and post-survey project designs have been the best design that can be utilized to measure the campaign’s impact on changes in Knowledge-AttitudePractice. Respondents were asked where they attained new information and what information possibly resulted in the behaviour change in the effort to discover the impacts due to the higher intensity and frequency of the Pride campaign. Theoretically, the composition of respondents varies little among the pre- and postcampaign surveys. For instance, there is little variation in the number of respondents based on gender, age group and age gaps (20 to 45 years old) as well as the number of respondents per village which is sampled in proportion to the population. Using the Random Sampling method, a sample is gathered by selecting one respondent from every five members of the population or every five households. However, respondents were surveyed throughout the morning until the evening, so there is greater variation in the composition of respondents. For instance, there are more female respondents in the post-campaign survey than in the pre-campaign survey (65 females and 314 males in the pre-campaign survey, 165 females and 217 males in the post-campaign survey) because at the time of the post-campaign survey in some areas, most of the men already went to the farm, leaving the women at home. The questionnaires used in these surveys were designed and analyzed using the Apian’s SurveiPro® software. The questionnaires were developed following the identification of the campaign target, the key threats addressed by the campaign and the campaign objectives. These surveys gather information on respondents’ knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve in general and in particular related to threats towards the reserve, media preferences, willingness to change behaviour and trusted sources of information. The pre- and post-campaign surveys use identical questionnaires save for a number of questions specifically included in the postcampaign survey to assess the SMART targets as well as exposure to campaign activities and promotional media developed after the pre-campaign survey. This is done to ensure that accounts on every main activity of the campaign are measurable. The copy of questionnaires used in the pre- and post-campaign surveys are included in the Appendix. Interviewers (known as enumerators) were trained to manage the questionaires in a one-day enumerator training organized and facilitated by the Campaign Managers and, in some places, by their colleagues (Fadlik was the educator staff in Sukamara region and Edi Sumanto was the facilitator staff in Kotawarining Lama District, Kotawaringin Barat Regency). Every enumerator went through at least one pre-interview test under 61
one supervisor as part of the training. Most of the enumerators were students from local high schools’ conservation clubs, and some were staff members of SKW II Central Kalimantan Natural Resources Conservation Association (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam / BKSDA) and their peers. Data entry was done entirely by the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Managers. Questions were read out clearly by the enumerators, and respondents’ answers were recorded and transcribed on the survey sheets by the enumerators. Survey sheets were checked thoroughly before enumerators continued to the next respondent. Every enumerator was monitored by a trainer to ensure compliance with the survey methodology and protocols and accurate completion of the questionnaires. While most of the enumerators in the post-campaign survey were new, some others previously took part in the pre-campaign survey. Thus, enumerators with previous experience accompanied those with no previous experience. There were a total of about 45 enumerators. Questions were read out clearly by the enumerators (Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia volunteers and staff members) who had undergone training prior to the surveys. Answers to the questions were recorded and transcribed on a sheet by the enumerators themselves. The questions (see full questionnaires in Appendix) consist of closed and open questions, both prompted and unprompted. Surveys were checked thoroughly before enumerators continued to the next respondent. The surveys are used to gather information on respondents’ knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards sustainable land management around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. The surveys also gather more specific information such as respondents’ knowledge on the forest’s function to absorb carbon, the impacts of forest destruction by saltwater, agroforestry and permanent agriculture, as well as general information such as threats needing careful attention, respondents’ preferred media, willingness to change behaviour, (opportunity and threats) and trusted sources of information. 2. Baseline Data Development Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia (Yayorin) has conducted quantitative surveys using 51item questionnaires, which are collected as the baseline data in order to discover respondents’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP). The surveys also provide a better understanding of the Pride Campaign target and test assumptions and hypotheses on the campaign target. Surveysample.com was used to select sample size in every target village. The baseline data was developed as the basic guide to the data collection as part of the campaign in every target region. Table 11. Number of respondents and geographical distribution of the survey Districts
Villages
Population (persons)
Distribution percentage
Questionna ires per Village
Arut Selatan
Mendawai
15.838
48%
182
20
10
Mendawai Seberang
2.361
7,1%
27
20
3
Kumpai Batu Bawah
2.642
7,9%
30
20
5
Tanjung Terantang
981
2,9%
11
10
5
Tanjung Putri
1.631
5%
19
10
5
PrePostCampaign Campaign Survey Survey Enumerators Enumerators (persons) (persons)
62
Kotawaringin Lama
Sukamara
Pantai Lunci
Kotawaringin Hilir
2.476
7,4%
28
3
5
Tempayung
550
1,6%
6
3
2
Babual Baboti
486
1,6%
6
3
2
Kartamulia
3.135
9,8%
37
11
10
Natai Sedawak
1.053
2,9%
11
11
10
Pudu Rundun
324
1%
4
11
10
Sungai Pasir
1.593
4,7%
18
11
10
12
33.070
379
Total Surveys were designed and analyzed using the Apian® Survei Pro® software. From BPS population data, 2009. Notes:
Part of the community in some regions was reluctant to respond to the surveys due to fears of saying the wrong thing and facing charges related to the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve laws, while some others felt bored of surveys.
Pre-project (baseline) surveys will be repeated after the project decides on changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Respondents will be given questions on where they attained new information and what information may lead to other behaviours in the efforts towards change sought by the campaign.
3. Surveys Comparison Levels It is essential to compare the pre- and post-campaign surveys, since respondents in the respective samples resemble each other in terms of socio-economic characteristics and demography. This section discusses what are known as the independent variables of the pre- and post-campaign surveys, including (1) providing some background on respondents’ characteristics and (2) assessing comparison levels of both surveys in each variable using the Chi-Square test to discover the statistical significance. As shown in the data, most of the respondents reside in rural and suburban areas, as there is no urban area around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. The sample is comprised of farmers, who form the primary and secondary target groups as well as the general members of community from varying professions. Besides farmers, the sample is comprised of fishermen, civil servants, employees, business owners, construction workers and service providers (motorcycle, raft and boat taxis). There are more male respondents (531 respondents) than female respondents (230 respondents). Most are within the 20 - 45 age group although some respondents are below 20 years of age (18 to 19 years old) or below 45 years of age (50 to 60 years old). The farmlands are located 200 to 10,000 metres away from the residences of respondents working in the agricultural sector and 200 to 2,000 metres from the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve borders. 64.1% (n=488) of the land cultivation is done by household members, while 14.3% (n=109) is done by relatives. The agriculture categories consist of crop fields / ladang (43.9%), agroforestry (31.8%), paddy fields (24.3%) and a small percentage of home plantations (7.2%). Most of the respondents work on their own land (65.9%; n=501) and some others work on their parents’ land or other people’s land, with the land area ranging from 0.25 to 10 hectares. Most of the crops consist of food crop and horticulture and some consist of non-food crops (natural rubber, palm and timber).
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Table 12. Variable Gender Target Audience Segment Age Group
Formal Education
Other job
Independent Variables to assess the comparability level of pre and post campaign. Pre-Campaign Level Male = 82,8% Female = 17,2% Primary Target Farmers = 59,2% Secondary Target Farmers = 34,1% Non Farmers = 3,0% 17-26= 1,2% 27-36= 1,9% 37-46= 2,8% 47-56= 1,6% 57-66= 1,0% 67-76= 0,7% No Schooling= 3,7% Elementary School = 26,5% Junior High School = 18,5% Senior High School = 24% Higher Education = 5,3% Fishing = 9,3% Civil Service = 3,1% Private Sector = 5,5% Trading = 1,8% Private Business = 0% No Other Job = 0,7%
Post-Campaign Level Male = 56,8% Female = 43,2% Primary Target Farmers = 60,0% Secondary Target Farmers = 34,0% Non Farmers = 3,0% 17-26= 2,3% 27-36= 4,5% 37-46= 2,8% 47-56= 1,2% 57-66= 0,6% 67-76= 0,3% No Schooling = 5,0% Elementary School = 15,5% Junior High School = 17,8% Senior High School = 8,3% Higher Education = 6,0% Fishing = 5,4% Civil Service = 1,8% Private Sector = 3,0% Trading = 1,8% Private Business = 1,4% No Other Job = 4,4%
Difference (Post - Pre) Male = -26pp Female = +26pp Primary Target Farmers = +0,8pp Secondary Target Farmers = 0,1pp Non Farmers = 0pp 17-26= +1,1pp 27-36= +2,6pp 37-46= 0pp 47-56= -0,4pp 57-66= -0,4pp 67-76= -0,4pp No Schooling = +1,3pp Elementary School = -11pp Junior High School = -0,7pp Senior High School = -15,7pp Higher Education = +0,7pp Fishing = -3,9pp Civil Services = -1,3pp Private Sector = -2,5pp Trading = 0pp Private Business = +1,4pp No Other Job = +3,7pp
Chi-Square (X2) Significance Yes at 99%* Yes at 99%*
Yes at 99%*
Under 50%*
Yes at 99%*
Source: pre survey data with 379 respondents and post-campaign 382 respondents.
The only consistent data in the above table is that of ‘gender’ while the others are not because every respondent holds another job, a farmer who is also a Civil Servant, a farmer who is also a fisher, a farmer who is also a a trader. All numbers do not reach 100% because they are taken from a certain age range. 4. Exposure to Pride Campaign Activities Table 13. Exposure to Pride Campaign Activities of Sungai Lamandau WR Activities Radio Public Service Announcements - No Burning Sedentary Farming - Kopi Asin Radio Talk Show Radio Insert - the District Head’s Appeal Logo stickers with campaign slogan Logo pins with campaign slogan Poster-sedentary farming Calendar - climate change SUMPITAN Bulletin Factsheet - steps in no burning land management No Burning Sedentary Agriculture Demonstration Plot Trainings and Comparative Studies on No Burning Sedentary Agriculture Community Meetings
Primary Farmers two Villages 59%
Secondary Farmers two Villages 23%
63% 93% 74% 87% 74% 70% 96% 56% 93% 100%
31% 60% 42% 45% 44% 37% 42% 24% 17% 21%
47% 77% 58% 66% 59% 53% 69% 40% 55% 61%
78%
43%
61%
Total (Average) 41%
Source: Data in Table 3 is based on interviews with 761 respondents in the post-campaign survey (N = 9 primary target farmers and 691 secondary target farmers, and the remaining 61 respondents are non-farming public).
Activity focus and material distribution is bigger in primary target villages. Therefore, the above table shows the most and the least succesful campaign message marketing media for each audience. This is because more information distribution is done in the Primary Target villages. 64
5. Impacts of Pride Campaign on SMART Objectives for Knowledge a. Target SMART -Farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti Table 14.
Changes in knowledge variables between pre- and post- campaign surveys PreCampaign
PostCampaign
(10) What do you know to be the functions of the forest in general? (there can be more than one answer)
22,2%
(17) What influence does damaged forest have on farming activities?
(18) What are the links between damage to the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area and the intrusion of sea water (mention 2 links)?
SMART Objective
ANSWER
At the end of the campaign (June 2010), the knowledge of the farming community in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti about the function of forest as carbon sequester will increase from 22,2% to 50% (Q21=P10). At the end of the campaign(June 2010), the knowledge of the farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti about the damaged forest and intrusion of sea water will have an impact on agriculture harvest will increase from 44,4%to 83% (Q28=P17). At the end of the campaign (June 2010), the knowledge of the farmers about the relationship between the damage the forest sustained and the intrusion of sea water contaminating ground water will increase from 77,8% to 90% (Q29=P18).
Significance
SMART achieved
Change (pp)
Chi-Square (X²)
40%
+27,8pp
Yes at 99.0%*
100%
44,4%
100,0%
+55,6pp
Yes at 95.0%*
137%
77,8%
66,7%
-11,1pp
Yes at 99.0%*
-91%
Source: Data in the Table is based on interviews with 761 respondents in the post-campaign survey (N = 9 primary target farmers and 691 secondary target farmers, and the remaining 61 respondents are non-farming public). Chi Squared Test and achievements of SMART Objectives is narrated in the text. Values shown are only of the target audience identified in SMART Objectives.
This is to explain the SMART 1 Knowledge of the primary target audience. After refiltering it is clear that the 22,2% value of the initial achievement only points to one type of farmer (shifting agriculture farming), whereas after combining the filter with the three other types of farmers (sedentary farmers, rubber farmers and palm farmers) the result shows an initial SMART result of 41,7% which we want to increase to 50%. Difference in the number of audience segments influences the percentage of change in post-campaign and percentage point of achievement of SMART result.
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b. Secondary SMART Target - Farmers in 10 other villages around Sungai Lamandau WR Table 15. Changes in knowledge variables between pre and post-campaign surveys PreCampaign
PostCampaign
(10) What do you know to be the functions of the forest in general? (there can be more than one answer)
14,4%
(18) What are the links between damage to the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area and the intrusion of sea water (mention 2 links)?
40,7%
SMART Objective
ANSWER
By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the knowledge of the farmers community around the SUNGAI LAMANDAU WILDLIFE RESERVE about the forest function for carbon sequestration increase from 14,4% to 50% (Q21=P10). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the knowledge of the farmers community around the SUNGAI LAMANDAU WILDLIFE RESERVE about the relationship between the damage sustained by forest and sea water intrusion will increase from 40.7% to 65%(Q29=P18)
Significance
SMART achieved
Change (pp)
Chi-Square (X²)
12,2%
-2,2pp
Yes at 99.0%*
-6,2%
26,2%
-13,8pp
Yes at 99.0%
-93%
Source: Data in the Table is based on interviews with 761 respondents in the post-campaign survey (N = 9 primary target farmers and 691 secondary target farmers, and the remaining 61 respondents are non-farming public). Chi Squared Test and achievements of SMART Objectives is narrated in the text. Values shown are only of the target audience identified in SMART Objectives.
In the table, the variable of level of knowledge about the function of the forest as a carbon sequester on average decreased. This is because not many people know about carbon because what they tend to think about is the function of forest in mitigating climate change and not its carbon sequestration. In the primary target farmers audience, the knowledge that the forest mitigates climate change increased to 46,7% and in the secondary audience increased to 22,3% from 0%. Meanwhile, their knowledge of the relationship between the damaged forest and the intrusion of sea water is very low. They know more about the impacts, though, for example damaged forest causes difficulties in finding fresh water which is caused by decrease in water infiltration areas. The number of people with knowledge went up to 73,3% from 0% among the primary target audience. The same thing also shows up in the secondary target audience from 0% increased to 12,2% post-campaign. As a future strategic step to increase knowledge of the community regarding damaged forest influences carbon sequestration and that fores absorbs carbon, a scheme of material that they can easily understand is necessary. It could be in the form of pictures with caption or explanation. 6. Impacts of Pride Campaign on SMART Objectived for Attitude a. Target SMART - Farmers in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti Table 16.
Changes in attitude variables between pre and post-campaign surveys
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PreCampaign
PostCampaign
(24 D) Clearing land by slash and burn in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area will not cause us many problems
44,4%
(25 A) Setting up a permanent mixed crops plantation on your own land
(25 B) Training for the community on setting up a mixed crops plantation without using fire
SMART Objective
ANSWER
By the end of the campaign (June 2010), 44,4% farmers do not agree that land clearing in the forest area does not create problems will increase to 70% By the end of the campaign (June 2010), 91,7% farmers in the Babual Baboti village who take up the attitude that mixed crop agriculture on own land is beneficial will increase to 95% By the end of the campaign (June 2010), 83,3% farmers in the Babual Baboti village who take up the attitude that trainings on mixed crop agriculture is beneficial will increase to 90%
Significance
SMART achieved
Change (pp)
Chi-Square (X²)
3,4%
-30,6pp
Yes at 75.0%*
199%
91,7%
100%
+8,3pp
Under 50%*
218%
83,3%
93,3%
+10,3pp
Under 50%*
154%
Source: Data in the Table is based on interviews with 761 respondents in the post-campaign survey (N = 9 primary target farmers and 691 secondary target farmers, and the remaining 61 respondents are non-farming public). Chi Squared Test and achievements of SMART Objectives is narrated in the text. Values shown are only of the target audience identified in SMART Objectives.
The number of farmers in the primary target who agreed not to burn forest in the Sungai Lamandau WR decreased. This may have been an impact of the campaign of one certain candidate in the local election who invite people to carry on slash and burn farming because it is a tradition. This information is from a report submitted by staff in the field in June 2010 when there was a local election campaign in Tempayung. Result of the pre-campaign survey shows that the number of people adopting the attitude of agreeing not to burn in the Sungai Lamandau area or the forest is high. After the local election the number of these people went down. Perhaps, this is a characteristic of a pragmatic community. They will agree on what in their view is not harmful and is beneficial in a short time. It is apparent that when they viewed sedentary farming on their own land and the training as beneficial, they chose to adopt a positive atttitude to this system. They choose something they think give them benefits. b. Secondary Target SMART - Farmers in the 10 villages around Sungai Lamandau WR Table 16.
Changes in attitude variables between pre and post-campaign surveys
SMART Objective By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the farmers community around SUNGAI LAMANDAU WILDLIFE
ANSWER (24 D) Clearing land by slash and burn in the Sungai Lamandau
PreCampaign
PostCampaign
28,8%
5,2%
Significance
Change (pp)
Chi-Square (X²)
-23,6pp
Yes at 99.0%
SMART achieved -48%
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RESERVE who disagree that land clearing in the region does not create problem will increase from 28,8% to 77,2% By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the number of farmers in the community around SUNGAI LAMANDAU WILDLIFE RESERVE who have a positive attitude that mixed crop fields are beneficial will increase from 87,7% to 95% By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the number of farmers in the community around SUNGAI LAMANDAU WILDLIFE RESERVE who say the mixed crop agriculture training is beneficial will increase from 84,6% to 95%
Wildlife Reserve area will not cause us many problems (25 A) Setting up a permanent mixed crops plantation on your own land
87,7%
79%
-8,7pp
Yes at 95.0%
119%
(25 B) Training for the community on setting up a mixed crops plantation without using fire
84,6%
86%
+1,4pp
Under 50%
155%
Source: Data in the Table is based on interviews with 761 respondents in the post-campaign survey (N = 9 primary target farmers and 691 secondary target farmers, and the remaining 61 respondents are non-farming public). Chi Squared Test and achievements of SMART Objectives is narrated in the text. Values shown are only of the target audience identified in SMART Objectives.
Different from the attitude of the secondary target farmers, they haven’t shown positive attitude towards this system and have a tendency to decrease in number. Although, there was an insignificant increase in the number of people who think that sedentary faarming has benefits. An increase, however small, is seen in those agreeing that no burning sedentary mixed crop plantation trainings are useful, as their obstacle in adopting the system is the lack of instruction and support. 7. Impacts of Pride Communication
Campaign
on
SMART
Objective
for
Interpersonal
a. Primary Target SMART -Farmers in the villages of Tempayung dan Babual Baboti Table 18. Changes in variables of interpersonal communication between pre and postcampaign surveys
SMART Objective By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the people in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti discussing land management technology for agriculture with their relatives and neighbours will
ANSWER (28) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting?
PreCampaign
PostCampaign
25%
33,3%
Significance
Change (pp)
Chi-Square (X²)
+8,3pp
Yes at 75.0%*
SMART achieved 83%
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increase from 25% to 35%.
By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the people in target villages (Tempayung and Babual Baboti) who discuss the conservation of the biodiversity and forest with their relatives and neighbours will increase from 16,7% to 20% . By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the people in the target villages who discuss the benefits of the Lamandau River Wildlife area will increase fom 25% to 50%. By the end of the campaign (June 2010), people in Babual Baboti who discuss the village border with the Lamandau reserve area will decline 66,7% to 16,7% By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the people in the two target villages (Tempayung dan Babual Baboti) who discuss sedentary agricultural technology will increase from 20,8% to 40%
(30) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting?
16,7%
6,7%
-10pp
Under 50%*
303%
(30) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting?
25%
40%
+15pp
Under 50%*
60%
(30) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting?
16,6%
33,3%
+16,7pp
Under 50%*
99,4%
(32) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting?
20,8%
33,4%
+12,6pp
Under 50%*
66%
By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the people in the 2 primary target villages who discuss sedentary agriculture and its benefits will increase 8,3% to 50%
(32) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting?
8,3%
46,7%
38,4pp
Under 50%*
92,1%
Source: Data in the Table is based on interviews with 761 respondents in the post-campaign survey (N = 9 primary target farmers and 691 secondary target farmers, and the remaining 61 respondents are non-farming public). Chi Squared Test and achievements of SMART Objectives is narrated in the text. Values shown are only of the target audience identified in SMART Objectives.
b. Secondary Target SMART - Farmers in the 10 villages around Sungai Lamandau WR
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Table 19. Changes in variables of interpersonal communication between pre and postcampaign surveys
SMART Objective By the end of the campaign (June 2010), people in the other 10 villages Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve who haven’t discuss land cultivation and forest conservation will increase from 23,5% to 59%. By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the entire village community around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve who have discussed the benefits of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve will increase from 14,7% (n=54) to 31% (Q58=P30). By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the people in the 10 villages around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve who have discussed sedentary agriculture and its benefits will increase from 16% menjadi 20% (Q60=P32).
PreCampaign
PostCampaign
(28) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting?
23,5%
(30) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting?
(32) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting?
ANSWER
Significance
SMART achieved
Change (pp)
Chi-Square (X²)
10,3%
-13,2pp
Yes at 99.0%*
-37,2%
14,7%
9,2%
-5,5pp
Yes at 99.0%
-33,7%
16%
8,7%
-7,3pp
Yes at 99.0%*
182%
Source: Data in the Table is based on interviews with 761 respondents in the post-campaign survey (N = 9 primary target farmers and 691 secondary target farmers, and the remaining 61 respondents are non-farming public). Chi Squared Test and achievements of SMART Objectives is narrated in the text. Values shown are only of the target audience identified in SMART Objectives.
There is a tendency that people talk more to the support officers or agricultural tutors (Yayorin facilitation staff/ Lamandau EC Project - OFUK). There is even an increase in communication between the audience with the support officers or agricultural tutors. For example, during the pre-campaign survey the number of people from the audience talking to Yayorin/OFUK increased from 75% to 80%. Then, those talking to agricultural tutors increased from 16.7% to 33.3%. This is probably because the community is still in the curious, trial stage so they are still using their opportunities to gather information so that the level of communication with peers is low. 8. Impacts of Pride Campaign on SMART Objectives for Behaviour Change a. Target SMART -Farmers in the villages of Tempayung dan Babual Baboti Table 20. Changes in behaviour variables between pre and post-campaign surveys
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Significance
PreCampaign
PostCampaign
Berapa banyak Masyarakat yang mengadopsi kegiatan perladanga menetap in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti? How much is the decrease of the frequency of fire in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti?
50%
77,72%
+27,7PP
155%
50%
100%
+50PP
200%
(38) During the last month, how many times have you seen another villager still clearing forest for shifting cultivation using the slash and burn approach?
22,2%
53,3%
31,1pp
SMART Objective
ANSWER
By the end of the campaign (June 2010), 50% (101 KK) of shiting farmers from two target villages adopt the activity of mixed crop sedentary agricultural demonstration plot. By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the practice of burning farmland in the villages of Tempayung dan Babual Baboti will decline 50% from 606 frequency By the end of the campaign (June 2010), there will be behaviour change from 22,2% farmers in the target villages do not know or sometimes see the practice of shifting agriculture with slash and burn system to 55% (Q68=P38).
Change (pp)
Chi-Square (X²)
SMART achieved
Under 50%
99%
Source: Data in the Table is based on interviews with 761 respondents in the post-campaign survey (N = 9 primary target farmers and 691 secondary target farmers, and the remaining 61 respondents are non-farming public). Chi Squared Test and achievements of SMART Objectives is narrated in the text. Values shown are only of the target audience identified in SMART Objectives.
b. Secondary Target SMART - Farmers in the 10 villages around Sungai Lamandau WR Table 21. Changes in behaviour variables between pre and post-campaign surveys
SMART Objective
ANSWER
By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the farmers in the community around the area of SUNGAI LAMANDAU WILDLIFE RESERVE involved in forest conservation (tree planting) will increase from 4,8% to 14%
(9) I am going to read five statements about about the presence of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. Choose the answer that is most suitable. I have no idea what the advantages of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area are.
PreCampaign
PostCampaign
4,8%
1,3%
Significance
Change (pp)
Chi-Square (X²)
-3,5pp
Yes at 99.0%*
SMART achieved -38%
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By the end of the campaign (June 2010), the farmers in the community around the area of SUNGAI LAMANDAU WILDLIFE RESERVE willing to get involved in the land cultivation and forest conservation will increase from 62,1% to 65% (Q64=36).
(36) In the next 6 months, if there is a training program on managing a mixed crops plantation without slash and burn and conserving the forest in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area, will you be willing to get involved?
62,1%
59,8%
-2,3pp
Under 50%
-79,3%
Source: Data in the Table is based on interviews with 761 respondents in the post-campaign survey (N = 9 primary target farmers and 691 secondary target farmers, and the remaining 61 respondents are non-farming public). Chi Squared Test and achievements of SMART Objectives is narrated in the text. Values shown are only of the target audience identified in SMART Objectives.
Behaviour change in the secondary audience community regarding involvement in forest conservation and land management is still very low. This is perhaps because they are not yet aware of the importance of forest in influencing their lifestyle. Most people holding this opinion are those whose lives, and sources that meet of their needs, are in directly in contact with sources from or existence of forest (semi urban or urban communities). Communities whose life source are directly related to forest are more willing to get involved such as those in Sungai Pasir and Tanjung Putri. 9.
Putting a Stop to Shifting, Slash and Burn Farming and Forest Fires (BROP Planning - Implementation)
a. Objective The objective of this project is to put a stop to, or at least reduce, farmers opening new shifting farming fields by slashing and burning and instead to conserve the surrounding forest and in the area of Sungai Lamandau WR as an orangutan and other wildlife habitat. The expected result of conservation would be the increase in orangutan population by 2010. b. Goal Reducing the land clearing activity for farming into the Sungai Lamandau WR from 202 families of shifting farmers from two target villages by June 2010 to 101. Conservation result expected is the habitat for orangutan and other wildlife is protected. c. The Method used in BROP Assesment The site for a demonstration plot is based on agreements with village authority and farmer group communities in the two target villages. Land mapping was also done to see the site’s ownership borders with those of the farmers’ in the two target villages. We also made an inventory of the crops that are usually planted and also the plants we could plant for a green border both for the demonstration plot and the community’s lands. Perhaps it would also be possible to mark the borders with Sungai Lamandau WR. The Demonstration plot planned would be 2 hectares which according to the survey result is the average size of fields owned by farmers groups in the two target villages. This size later on would be made a benchmark to make it easier for the community members to imitate or duplicate what is applied to the demonstration plot which could become a site to learn together. To see the difference in income of the villagers from the usual system (income from palm and collecting rubber sap) and that which will be introduced, please refer to the table below.
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Table 22. The difference of income from activities with and without mixed crops plantation No.
Source of Income
Without Mixed crops plantation Rp.800,000.- (Rp.9.600.000,-per year)
1.
Income from palm
2.
Collecting rubber sap/month
Rp.3,000,000 (Rp.36,000,000 per year)
3.
Planting flowers (horticulture) and rubber
For example: If it is assumed that the cost of planting chillies per hectare (1000 metre2) and good maintenance is Rp. 5.207.400,producing 1 kg s/d 1.5 kg (at least 1 Kg/plant). 1.700 plants will yield 1.700 Kg. Assuming 10% plants are damaged by pests and diseases, the total yield would be 1,530 Kg. The selling price of chilli in Pangkalan Bun, Kalimantan Tengah is between Rp.15,000 to Rp.30,000.-/kg. Assuming the elling price is Rp. 15,000,-/kg the income generated is 1530 x Rp.15.000,- = Rp.22.950.000,-.
With Mixed crops plantation -
Comment
Rp.4.000.000,(Rp.36.000.000,to Rp. 48.000.000,per year)
Mixed with high quality seeds after introduction to rubber cultivation techniques The mixture includes long and short terms plants; More for those who work the fields as well as having income from their field and rubber plantation, from other mixed crops such as lainnya seperti secondary crops, medium term fruits such as bananas and long term fruits such as long term fruits such as durian, rambutan, duku, langsat.
Chilli + rubber = Rp.22.950.000,- + Rp.36.000.000,- = Rp.58.950.000,-
d. Proposed implementation method In July 2009 we would start designing a 2 hectare demonstration plot in one of the target villages on a site borrowed from the village based on a community agreement. One of the villagers of Tempayung is willing to lend us his field for the demonstration plot.This needs the farmers groups and authorities of the two villages to agree and the process of forming this agreement would start in July 2009. In its implementation, there would be two villagers, one from each target village, who would be recruited as representatives of the target villages to help with the demonstration plot management. This activity would be implemented for two years in two stages. Activities for the first stage include: 1) Identification of site 2) Cultivation of demonstration plot site 3) Planting and maintenance 4) Evaluation of the first implementation stage. During the implementation first stage there will be monthly monitoring. Activities for the second stage of implementation include: 1) Plant cultivation and rejuvenation, 2) Monitoring,
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3) Promotion of mixed crops plantation demonstration plot, 4) Evaluation of overall implementation. The demonstration plot would be a mixed crops sedentary plantation. The plants in this 2 hectare field consist of rubber, horticultural plants, intercrops of wood and fruit trees. A note, rubber is a long term plant to meet long term economic needs, horticultural plants meet the food needs or short and medium term economic needs. For intercrops to support greening of the villages’ open areas we will build a nursery of wood and fruit trees. Techniques of crops maintenance will be introduced during the demonstration plot implementation so that the community may make a commitment to participate. How the community replicate the demonstration plot would be clear from the activity of ”technology meetings”, which discuss agricultural techniques and they are expected to adopt the practices on their land and share their experiences. The project team will monitor these activities. In the process, there will be several activities which include: The first phase 1. Identification of site and local agreement (approaching village and groups, site mapping of size and ownership, observation of soil nutrition elements and making inventory of types of plants the locals usually plant and design plant maintenance monitoring mobilization map). 2. Demonstration plot site management (providing equipment for site cultivation, recruitment of demonstration plot workers, site clearing/cleaning, soil cultivation, preparing material for and implementation of composting, cultivating nursery, building farmers house and irrigation facilities). 3. Implementation of planting and maintenance (preparation of polybags for seedlings, propagation followed by planting and maintenance also monthly monitoring). 4. Evaluation of the first implementation stage (first implementation survey on changes in knowledge, attitude and behaviour). The second phase 1. Plant cultivation and rejuvenation (propagation, cross-breeding techniques and planting of second generation seedlings 2. Monitoring (maintenance, site monitoring, monthly meeting coordination and evaluation). 3. Promotion of mixed crops plantation demonstration plot (through RarePlanet newscast, radio, newspaper and inter villages as well as comparative studies or curiosity studies) 4. Evaluation of the entire implementation stages. At the same time as the process of demonstration plot building, we also will implement strenghtening activities for knowledge (60%) and skills (40%) of the farmers in the two target villages. The strengthening activities include: 1. Monthly meeting discussing one or two knowledge topics on sustainable agriculture whose schedule is based on a general agreement. If there is material that the Yayorin team cannot facilitate, we will find a resource person who is capable of doing it. This knowledge strengthening will later get more time for application.This activity will also include examples, small simulation of the practice. 2. For strengthening of land cultivaation skills that is practical, there will be direct practice and training both in the demonstration plot site and in locations of the target group’s choice. 3. To convince the farmers community of the result gained from previous application of the already cultivated crops, comparative studies on site management and plant care will be held twice each.
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This activity will be implemented for the farmers in the two target villages to see and learn the process of land management as well as plant cultivation and care. At the end of the activity there will be another survey to see how much change has taken place. The previous success of Yayorin in the practice of mixed crop plantation to reduce land clearing and forest encroachment was achieved in their program in 3 villages in Belantikan Hulu, the District of Lamandau, Kalimantan Tengah. The result was that the community reduced their forest clearing for farming activities and shifting farming is reduced as well. This is because the mixed crops system needs their full attention in caring for their crops. e. Projected expense of the project The outline of the projected costs is for: The first phase 1. Identification of site and local agreement (approaching village and groups, site mapping of size and ownership, observation of soil nutrition elements and making inventory of types of plants the locals usually plant and design plant maintenance monitoring mobilization map). 2. Demonstration plot site management (providing equipment for site cultivation, recruitment of demonstration plot workers, site clearing/cleaning, soil cultivation, preparing material for and implementation of composting, cultivating nursery, building farmers house and irrigation facilities). 3. Implementation of planting and maintenance (preparation of polybags for seedlings, propagation followed by planting and maintenance also monthly monitoring). 4. Evaluation of the first implementation stage (first implementation survey on changes in knowledge, attitude and behaviour). The second phase 1. Plant cultivation and rejuvenation (propagation, cross-breeding techniques and planting of second generation seedlings 2. Monitoring (maintenance, site monitoring, monthly meeting coordination and evaluation). 3. Promotion of mixed crops plantation demonstration plot (through RarePlanet newscast, radio, newspaper and inter villages as well as comparative studies or curiosity studies) 4. Evaluation of the entire implementation stages. These costs are to pay for the following activities: 1. Site Preparation Stage (included in the first stage) Transportation to dan from the site during preparation Building needs (material and equipment) Workers who prepare the site (3 hectares) Logistics 2. Implementation and Monitoring Stage (some are in the first stage and the other in the second) 3. Transportation to dan from the site during implementation stage Logistics Implementation equipments Maintenance and propagation buildings Provision of saplings and seedlings Maintenance workers and
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Intercrops 4. Project Supervision and Report (included in the second stage) 5. Communication f.
Implementation of Barrier Removal Operation Plan in the form of No Burning Sedentary Farming Demonstration Plot
Things that have been implemented include holding coordination meetings with the government of the two villages (Tempayung and Babual Baboti) about the plan to build demonstration plot intended to be a learning site for farmers in interested in sedentary agriculture. In addition, we also held a similar meeting for the provision of borrowed land to build the sedentary agriculture demonstration plot in the target village Tempayung whose location was then informed to the village of Babula Baboti through their village meeting. The village of Tempayung lent 3 hectares of their village land which was then managed in stages. The land management started with land management mapping to plant short term plants mixed with medium and long term trees. The short term plants are horticultural plants whose production do not take long. In addition to that, we also planted medium term plants such as bananas which we also used as fire isolator planted among the horticultural plants and along the sides of the site. The trees planted as main plants are those income generating trees the locals usually plant ie. rubber and fruit trees. We employed two (2) locals as demonstration plot management assistants who in the last stage were able to explain to the other villagers the objectives of building the demonstration plot and how it is managed and yields results. On the site of the demonstration plot we have also built a Farmers Learning Center as a place for the farmers to learn and a meeting place for the community and demonstration plot visitors. The demonstration plot has several times yielded products such as horticultural plants, chillies, eggplants, kangkung, bitter melon, gourds and long beans. Some of the income from selling the produce have been allocated for its independent management, such as to buy seedlings - in addition to preparing its own, equipment and genset petrol. Hopefully, the community will be able to see that sedentary agriculture could be self-sufficient. Other activities done include several meetings followed by training, such as the one on techniques of creating fire isolator, held in cooperation with BKSDA Kalimantan Tengah-SKW II and Manggala Agni DAOP III Pangkalan Bun, training in compossting and the steps of managing land without burning and analysis of agricultural yields in the comparative study activity on no burning, sedentary, mixed crops farming which were held twice (March and April 2010). As a follow up plan, the management will be taken over by a Barrier Removal partner from the OFUK Lamandau EC program up to December 2011.
g. Response from the Community Results of monitoring the barrier removal activities show there is an impact in terms of changes in farming attitude and behaviour. The primary target audience responded to the barrier removal activities in the form of the demonstration plot showing mixed crops sedentary agriculture with no burning. Recorded general responses include:
The community have started to get interested in interracting with agricultural tutors and asking questions about agricultural management. The community attended meetings and trainings as well as comparative studies the campaign team held. The community visited the demonstration plot and asked about cultivation techniques and management of agriculture and land.
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Some have been interested in adopting the demonstration plot’s agricultural activities. Some people from the villages nearby also visited the demonstration plot and asked about management and wanted to manage their land demonstration plot wise. There were visits from the BPP (Agricultural Support Center) of the Sub-District of Kotawarinigin Lama for monitoring and giving information about the existence of the demonstration plot to the community they support.
All these things are the impacts of the pride campaign which has distributed message marketing media involving knowledge building, attitude and behaviour change. Beside that, pride campaign activities are done at the same time as its implementation of barrier removal activities (management and promotion of the demonstration plot. Displays of the demonstration plot’s yields which has had several succesful harvests of its short term plants such as chillies, eggplants, bitter melon and gourds has sparked the community’s interest to try to plant them as well. This is a general characteristic of the community; when influenced by something from outside that gives them benefits and is inspirational, they are capable of changing their attitude and behaviour and try to emulate new things. As is clear from the demonstration plot, that has shown them the yield of the plant products, and the comparative studies that show them success stories in other places, things like these stick in their minds and get them interested to try on their own. For the continuation of this activity in the community, farmers who have adopted the system will be facilitated to be able to teach and share their experiences to their fellow farmers in their villages. This is to help increase the capacity of those who have adopted the system, as well as help others to more easily understand the new system, because the people imparting and sharing the experience are people from their own village. The Field School Approach is planned to hold ToT (Training of Trainers) to farmers who have adopted the mixed crop cultivation so that they will be able to hold an effective training for other farmers. They will become local cadres who will be capable to inspire others to adopt the activities of the mixed crop cultivation demonstration plot 10. Conservation Achievement in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area a. The decrease in number of forest fires During the campaign period of July 2009/August 2010, there were only 16 hotspots recorded. They were found in 4 location mostly within the areas with grasses and bushes in the shoreline of the District of Sukamara. Meanwhile, after August 2009 to mid August 2010, none was detected. The head of SKW II BKSDA Kalimantan Tengah, Mr. Eko Novi Setiawan when asked to confirm early August 2010 if there had been any fire said that it was safe, no fire detected within and around the area. The condition was supported by high rainfall which fell every day and farmers could not work in the swamp area. The reduction of hot spot were also causd by the awareness of some members of the community who had started sedentary farming without or with less burning. It was also because of the frequent calls by the village chiefs who asked that the area around the villages’ farmlands inside the area of the protected forest of SM should be preserved (80% Village Heads are influential to their people and their calls heeded). Another thing that shows that the campaign has an impact on the reduction of fires and the practice of shifting, slash and
Gambar 33. 16 titik hot spot tahun 2009 yang tersebar di 4 titik dan di 2010 tidak ditemukan = 0 titik panas api (kebakaran menurun)
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burn cultivation is the absence of hotspot in the district under whose administration the kawasan Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve is located (namely, the Districts of Kotawaringin Barat and Sukamara). Even the area that is Yayorin’s work area in the district of Lamandau hot spot was not detected either.
b. Reduction of Logging Activities Illegal logging in the area, according to the constituent partner of the patrol manager Lamandau EC -OFUK project, in 2007 12 cases were recorded and in 2009/2010 only 3 cases (in 2009) recorder in 3 location in the shoreline of Sukamara and Kotawaringin Barat (Patrol Manager Lamandau EC -OFUK project, 2010). Support from the constituent of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve conservation from EC -OFUK project, and in cooperation with Yayorin, as well as support from BKSDA Kalimantan Tengah has been able to reduce pressure from illegal logging. Image 34. There were three cases of logging in 2009 Patrol and monitoring of the area that is carried out on a regular basis is a good strategy. Apart from that, activities of informational meetings on the area’s borders and trainings on area monitoring haave been succesful in reducing illegal logging. c. Change in the forest cover Impacts from various changes, from the behaviour change of shifting farmers to sedentary farmers who do not burn field, and regular area surveillance and patrol supported by area rehabilitation activities by most of the villagers and students near the area on the north and west sides, has resulted in an improvement to the open areas that were damaged due to fires and logging. Most of the areas Image 35. Maps showing changes in forest cover have been successful. Reforestation activities through land rehabilitation have returned 60% of open areas into covered areas (data in hectares is not known yet as it needs groundcheck survey. If we look at the picture, the white area is that which has seen improvement in cover. Plants have made cover density and the fingers of forest fragmentations have started to connect (Patrol Manager Lamandau EC-OFUK Project, 2010). d. Increase of Orangutan Population in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
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Gambar 36. Orangutan hasil pelepasliaran kembali yang ada di Camp Gemini SM Sungai Lamandau
The size of the orangutan population in the forest area of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve that has been recorded since the first data released here 1999 is estimated to be around 200-250 individuals (Release Camp Manager OFUK, 2010). According to the Orangutan Release Camp Manager, in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve for the years 2009/2010 there were angka five (5) births and only one death which was not caused by hunting but a disease caused by worms. The conclusion is that the population of orangutan in the area increased, activities of orangutan killing very small, support capacity of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest that provides food sources for orangutan is sustainable and most people have learned that
you are not allowed to kill orangutan. A conservation result for the area concerning biodiversity is the reappearance of the migrant birds.From 2007 to 2009 the locals could not see the birds that in previous years came to the bird lake on a regular basis annually. Perhaps the conditions of the ecosystem that were disturbed and people hunting for their eggs and chicks made their instinct stop them from coming to the area for the time being. However, since the natural condition around the bird lake and Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve is generally safe (forestry and hunting crimes has declined), these waterfowl flocks made their return in May-July 2010. There were six (6) types recorded (including egret, heron, cormorant) and their number is in hundreds. During the time period, these birds bred.
Image 37. Migrant birds that have returned and bred in the area of the bird lake of Sungai Lamandau WR May-July 2010
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CHAPTER 6. Critical Analysis The Critical Analysis provides the opportunity to review the parts that proceeded satisfactorily in the stages of planning and execution as well as the parts that require improvement. This chapter was created for the consideration of the institution upon progressing to the “follow-up” stage of the project. However, it may also serve to share experience and valuable knowledge with other campaign managers working on a similar theme. 1. Critical Review Throughout all stages of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign, from the planning, execution to evaluation, many things worth examining and discussing have been found. This chapter will discuss: a. the planning process, and b. the execution process within Rare’s 3C (Capacity, Constituent, Conservation) framework. This chapter will also observe a number of communication media to promote the campaign messages, the effective and ineffective communication media, as well as the barrier removal activities in practice. 2. A review of the project planning process up to the Project Charter document a . Conceptual Model Development The Project Planning process began immediately after the first university phase and extended over a period of twenty weeks, from January 2009 to May 2009. The multiplestep process was strenuous and at times demanding, yet it finally resulted in step after step of planning that served as the campaign foundation, including the conceptual model of the area and the baseline data. Following are some valuable lessons to learn. There were 35 people who participated in the first stakeholder meeting and helped develop the initial conceptual model for the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. The stakeholders came from all walks of life, including representatives from partner institutions, local communities, the local government, potential target groups and prominent community members. Since the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve is a conservation area better known as a “hutan lindung” (protected forest) by local communities, most people were already familiar with one another, which facilitated group dynamics. No conflict occurred during the session, which was almost entirely positive. The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Manager and other staff from the Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia (Yayorin) foundation put in a lot of effort and cooperated as a team to facilitate this activity in a neutral and non-judgmental manner. Local government staff representing the Central Kalimantan Province Natural Resources Conservation Association (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam / BKSDA), the Regency Forestry Service, the Regency Environmental Board as well as OFUK partners were also present in this meeting as the leading sectors in land management and forest fire control. Their presence was extremely helpful because apart from participating in discussions on the area’s status and functions, they also helped answer questions from other participants. Participants were highly active in presenting their opinions both spoken (directly) and written (indirectly) and able to identify the problems that pose a threat to the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, which also serves as the habitat of orang-utans and as the source of livelihood for communities around it. They were also able to identify the cause in each problem chain. When asked informally during breaks, participants (especially the Lamandau EC project managers from OFUK) stated that they
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enjoyed the actual modelling process and the use of “sticky wall”. For some participants, especially the representatives of villages around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve), this was the first meeting in which they were asked for their input. Everyone talked and went with the flow of the activities like they had a sense of belonging to the Conceptual Model and believed that the project would develop, which could then be seen in the majority of participants’ willingness to join the Committee of Campaign Directors. Regarding the initial Conceptual Model, experts and respondents who were highly familiar with the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area were asked to validate each identified problem chain and guide the threat ranking process. Previously, the stakeholders had developed the initial Conceptual Model which represented how they “viewed” the existing situation. The experts and respondents then proposed small revisions to integrate therein, thus creating the revised Conceptual Model. The main problem with the initial Conceptual Model was its lack of the specifics, so we had to add more specific information there. As the result of conceptual model formulation with the local communities and the local government as the stakeholders currently present, five threats to the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve were formulated as follows: 1) Fire, 2) Land clearing (for Shifting Cultivation and Oil Palm Plantation), 3) Logging, 4) Poaching and 5) Pollution (water pollution from waste disposed by workers within the area) b. Threat Ranking After the threats were ranked, of forest fire caused by land clearing with the slash-andburn system was ranked the biggest threat. This was confirmed by the Head of SKW II – Central Kalimantan Province BKSDA, Patrol Manager of the Lamandau–OFUK EC Project, as well as the Supervisor and Manager of the Lamandau EC Program. As an example of a contributing factor with insufficient specifics, “Pollution is one of the threats” would be better elaborated as “Pollution from waste disposed by workers within the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area”; or the idea that “poaching is related to fire” would be better explained by stating that poaching is done by burning shrubs and pastures to incite new sprouts, which attract the hunted animals to eat, while the ash from the burning attracts the animals to play and roll their body on. (See factor chain on relation between fire and poaching below)
Image 38. Factor chain of forest fire demonstrating relation between fires and poaching methods The Threat Ranking analysis process based on the Conceptual Model went successfully. The Miradi software was easy to use and was presented in front of the Supervisor (Yayorin Director), the Head os SKW II Central Kalimantan Province BKSDA, the Program Manager of the Lamandau-OFUK EC Project. Forest fire was ranked as the “highest” 81
threat in the analysis, and the orangutan was ranked as a “very high” biodiversity target. Miradi did not only facilitate the Threat Ranking research process but it was also highly visual, which made some of the institutional teams interested in using Miradi for their own projects. Miradi also made it easier to isolate relevant factor chains and edit them afterwards, adding information obtained from directed interviews (exhaustive interviews) that aimed to validate the initial steps of the planning process. Previously, a decision tree had been made. It served to assist decisions about the barrier removal strategy, in this case agroforestry, while considering technical aspects in practice (such as land status, market access and so on). For instance, the threat is land clearing in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest due to agriculture and palm plantation. The perpetrators are local and settler communities with the purpose of starting a farm, taking timber and the sap of pantung (Dyera sp.). Access to nearest markets takes 30 to 45 minutes, while some areas with no local markets sell their products, such as the sap of pantung, to markets in towns. To anticipate threats related to availability of jobs besides farming, some solutions were suggested to maintain jobs in agriculture, such as agroforestry-based land management (trainings on cultivation methods, nurture, marketing and other opportunities). Besides, other considerations and the next steps were made, such as considering potential impacts and the suitability of human resources in order to search for ways to develop solutions The next step was to assess appropriateness and potential impacts of the chosen barrier removal strategy, which will be conducted with the Barrier Removal Assessment and Viability Overview/BRAVO tools. Based on economic assessment, there was no problem in the barrier removal resources since partners’ financial support for barrier removal activities had a score of 4, with an average income score of 3.75 and income substitution score of 4. In other words, there were sufficient funds to cover the barrier removal activities. Based on technical assessment, the average score was 3.66 and the average organization capacity score was 4. In other words, it was technically possible to perform barrier removal activities. Finally, based on cultural assessment, leadership values, norms and the impacts of conservation had an average score of 3.5. In other words, these activities remain relevant in creating a change intended by the campaign. This assessment process to determine the accuracy of the permanent agroforestry demonstration plot was conducted with the Supervisors. The permanent agroforestry demonstration plot system was chosen because it has been proven to reduce pressures towards land clearing for shifting cultivation. The adoption of this system as the sole system was also part of the institution’s strategy to reduce the impacts of land and forest clearing for shifting cultivation or oil palm plantation. An interesting thing from the barrier removal strategy is that permanent agroforestry agriculture can support efforts to reduce damage from forest fire, land clearing for shifting cultivation and land clearing for oil palm plantation with slash-and-burn as some of the factors that trigger forest fires. The success of the whole strategy inevitably depends on the following three factors. 1. Community members encouragement through constant reiteration of campaign messages. Encouragement through informative campaign messagesto improve knowledge, attitude and interpersonal communication need to be reiterated constantly among the community members, so that the messages are not forgotten. 2. The Head of District’s advisory support and support within the local government. Support from the Head of District and the local government is essential because the pre-campaign survey result shows that 66.67% of farmers in the two primary target villages trust the Head of District’s information on land management, while 79.3% of farmers around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area in general regard the Head of District’s advice as a trustworthy source of information. This note becomes an essential opportunity to reach the campaign’s objectives. Thus the Head of District can create a policy issued to the relevant local government to support the campaign’s efforts to reach its objectives. 82
3. 100% compliance from shifting cultivators to adopt permanent agroforestry demonstration plot without slash-and-burn. Some instruments are clearly needed to encourage the farming communities to change their behaviour and adopt a new practice (from shifting cultivation to permanent agriculture), such as supervision, meetings and trainings. Besides supervision, the communities around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve also demand visible evidences of success to capture their interest in watching, enquiring about and trying the new behaviour. c. Surveys (Quantitative Research) Pre-campaign survey was conducted in order to obtain baseline data. The survey used questionnaire system which required much effort, including the effort to search for enumerators, which was time-consuming and complex (for instance in time management upon gathering and training the enumerators). Enumerators were mostly volunteers and as a result did not have sufficient understanding of the issues of the area. Meanwhile, the one-day training session was not enough to cover the introduction on the condition and issues of the area, some of the campaign details as well as questionnaire respondent selection, which might cause some irrelevant and biased answers. Ideally, the campaign manager should have enough time to brief the enumerators on the campaign materials, the area and the content of questionnaires. However, potential questions from the volunteer enumerators were anticipated by including the main campaign team and survey supervisors in the big teams of enumerators. To meet the quota of farmers, we should have mapped the areas with the highest population of farmers in the village, so there would have been little chance to find respondents who were not farmers. Thus, it served as an important lesson to comprehend the characteristics of the area of the target groups or individuals prior to the campaign. We also felt that the questionnaire had too many questions, which took up time and created unconstructive condition during the interview with respondents on site. In addition, there might have been some questions that the respondents did not understand or questions with answers that were inconsistent (with the respondents) despite prior pre-test evaluation and instruction. An example of such a question is whether “Clearing land with slash-and-burn in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve will not create problems.” In the pre-campaign survey 58.3% respondents disagreed to the statement, but in the post-campaign survey the number dropped to 6.7% despite a significant increase in the respondents’ knowledge and attitude. To anticipate this, fewer questions will be given and the questions will be made more specific, while respondents will be informed on the issues prior to socialization. Pre-campaign and post-campaign survey instruments were reviewed by Rare, which was extremely helpful since the initial draft contained some questions that needed better formulation to make them easier to understand by both the enumerators and the respondents. The rounds of review took some time, but helped me learn to formulate better questions. The post-campaign survey was proven easy to use. The survey results were supplemented by individual interviews by each member of the target group (farmers from the primary and secondary target groups). This greatly helped us construct a picture of both target groups and bring forth the advantages and barriers to promote or remove in accordance with the targeted behaviour changes. Finally, all the time I spent with the team and volunteers to plan and conduct the surveys was truly worth it. Information obtained from these surveys was not only valuable for this campaign only, but was also used by several other projects in our institution and institution partners. d. Barrier Removal Strategies
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I believe that we are lucky to be in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign. Prior to applying for the Pride Campaign program, we have identified “barrier removal” partners (the Lamandau EC Project and BPP Kotawaringin Lama) and funding (supported by a European Union project in the past). Therefore, in the early stages of the Pride program, the barrier removal plan was already approved by the team. The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Manager also works in Yayorin as the Manager of Education. For three years (2007-2009), he was the lead educator in charge of coordinating the educational team, community assistance and agriculture facilitator in the Lamandau EC project off the OFUK program. He participated in the Barrier Removal Operational Plan workshop in Bogor with other Campaign Managers who also faced the same threat, namely shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn. It was clear that our campaign was more complex because the activities had to be well-integrated with the partner project activities, which meant that sometimes funding had to be shared for our activities and the partner project activities. A misunderstanding occurred halfway into the campaign year when our barrier removal partner enquired about who had the rights over the demonstration plot’s achievement, as a result of the change in the LamandauOFUK EC Project program coordinator. After developing the Barrier Removal Operational Plan (BROP), the next stage is to determine the SMART targets. Some problems occurred during this stage:
The Pride methodology requires a Pre-Campaign Knowledge-Attitude-Behaviour Survey to determine the baseline data as well as the Post-Campaign Survey at the end of the campaign. These are surveys with a large sample to help assess the changes in the target’s Knowledge-Attitude-Behaviour. The Pre-Campaign Survey was scheduled to take place a month before the second semester – early June 2009 in our case – so targets concerning Knowledge and Attitude were designed to be read “early June 2009”. However, in reality many changes were needed merely to determine whether the hypothesis in the SMART targets was achieved. Those were the changes in message promotional strategy and communication methods as well as time management strategy and campaign team delegation.
Theoretically, the stages of change seem incredibly easy. The target progresses from one stage to the next, and members of a target group are all at the same stage. In reality, while most farmers might be at the contemplation stage, the others might be at different stages. Some farmers might be familiar with the existing issues, because a program with the similar target as this campaign was done by the Lamandau EC Project back in 2007. Therefore, it would be difficult to state that we only need materials for a specific kind of message when we have to achieve 100% compliance. As a result, we tend to be obliged to produce materials for all stages.
The innovation diffusion theory that has been taught might cause problems in the context of orangutan conservation and the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. We learned that some individuals in a population are early adopters who will pick up new ideas or new concepts quickly, but other individuals are slower and will need more time to adopt new behaviour. It would be a challenge to expect 100% compliance within a short time. More time and money is required to guide the continuous encouragement process until a local actor, who is able to guide the target locally, emerges. Nevertheless, I believe it could be achieved by promoting and proving the significant advantages (of the demonstration plot’s crops), making local agreement in which the target will be responsible of the risk in case of violation.
On the whole, the planning process proceeded successfully. In this campaign, the process was facilitated by a strong partner institution, barrier removal and funding partners, an attentive supervising committee and a mentor who provided quick and detailed feedbacks. 3. Implementation Stage 84
The implementation stage began on July 1, 2009 and extended until the Campaign Manager’s arrival for the third semester on July 1, 2010. This stage will be reviewed according to what Rare refers to as the 3C. a. Capacity Capacity can be classified as improvement both in my individual ability and in the ability of the institution where I work. Regarding the former, prior to joining the Pride Program I had been working as an Educational Manager in my institution who assisted in educational activities, awareness raising and community assistance concerning outreach issues for three years. Previously, I had never participated in a long-term (two years’) leadership training that taught various ways to communicate and introduced a social marketing method in relation to environmental campaigns. This training also introduced the ways to understand the Theory of Change, group segmentation, campaign material design and how to set targets based on the SMART (Spesific, Measurable, Action oriented, Realistic and Time bound) method. I personally regard the first two semesters as very good but highly demanding. There was little time for reflection and too many things to do. However, the theories I had been given successfully helped me to finish the campaign. Following are some examples of capacity changes within individuals and the institution:
Our institution has created various posters as the campaign message media before, but never thought of community segmentation or message evaluation. The institution staff would create the poster themselves, show the idea to colleagues within the institution and then send it to the printing shop. Now the institution and I have begun to understand that message promotional media should be a result of the input from the target’s viewpoint in order to create effective message delivery.
Still regarding the increase in my capacity, I personally found myself developing it in my activities after participating in RARE’s two-year leadership development training program (2008-2010). Previously, I was not really capable of making decisions and negotiating, which then started to change after the program. For example, in the middle of the program, the institution’s partner had some doubt on the execution of an activity in the Pride project. I was given the chance to do a negotiation and make some important decisions, such as reaffirming the objectives and what is necessary as well as how the collaboration should be done, which were conducted through personal approach. At the final stage, after a lengthy process, the partner in the Pride Project activity collaboration started giving a commitment to help develop the project. In this case, I facilitated the continued activities of the institution’s representative team in the partner project integrated with the Pride Project (for Barrier Removal activities). As yet another example of a perceptible development in my leadership capacity, I was trusted by the institution to be their representative in various meetings, some of which were related to the conservation management. We were invited by the Central Kalimantan Province Natural Resources Conservation Association (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam / BKSDA) to discuss the development of jelutung (Dyera costulata) plants in the boundaries separating the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and the community’s land as well as wildfire and forest fire control, by West Kotawaringin BLH and KNPI to manage environmental cadres and by Central Kalimantan, Indonesia WWF for the orangutan campaign strategy. In conclusion, I have been able to bring the institution’s messages to publish among various groups and I have also gained the experience of coordinating the activity schedule and the teams. As for project management, as the Campaign Manager I always referred back to the Campaign Operational Work Plan. This Work Plan was always updated with regards to the targets and also monitored, especially for activities that might require extended deadlines. This evaluation tool was also communicated to the campaign execution team as well as the staff of other programs in the institution’s coordination meetings. 85
Facilitation methods were almost entirely delegated by the educational team and mobile library facilitated by the Lamandau EC Project with the exception of big programs such as comparative studies. In such case, a special facilitator team would be developed to facilitate the meetings, materials, trainings, interactive games as well as discussions and follow-up actions of the program. In the first year of the program, I was requested to track and evaluate my own progress using the Personal Development Plan, which was centered on themes such as social marketing theories and practical application, research skills and methods, project management, leadership, use of technology, and so on. My self-evaluated progress can be tracked on my campaign page in the RarePlanet website. In the second year, I monitored and evaluated the project target by always referring to the Campaign Operational Workplan. I was also requested to list three specific fields that I hope to develop along with the program’s operation:
Social marketing: When I began the training, I gave myself a score of “1” for my ability to comprehend and articulate the basic concepts of social marketing, “1” for my ability to perform group segmentation. The score “1” is defined as “no awareness of one’s ability.” After conducting the campaign, I managed to give attention to the target group segmentation and produce interesting media that encouraged farmers in the two primary target villages (Tempayung and Babual Baboti) to adopt permanent agroforestry or field agriculture partly without slash-and-burn. Therefore, I believe that my ability score has increased to “4” (able to perform it) and perhaps even “5” (highly able to perform and able to teach it to the others).
Barrier removal: When I began the training, I gave myself a score of “1” for my ability to assess the appropriateness of barrier removal strategy, and “2” for my ability to integrate barrier removal messages into campaign materials. After participating actively in the BRAVO and BROP process and seeing the permanent agriculture campaign program with the community’s support, I believe that my abilities have increased to “4” (able to perform it by oneself).
Making believable plans: When I began the training, I regarded myself to be lacking in my ability to create a persuasive Project Charter. After finishing the project charter as an academic unit, which was then executed with some success, I believe that my ability has increased to “4” (able to perform it by oneself).
When my direct supervisor Togu Simorangkir was requested to validate the progress of my abilities as the program proceeded, he stated in the seminar ‘Continuing Changes, Learning from the Grassroots Conservation Initiators’, in which I did a presentation, on August 9, 2010 at Santika Hotel, Bogor in front of other conservation activists invited to the seminar and my mentors at RARE that: “Eddy has undergone a lot of changes. He has been able to produce a well-organized speech. He is more assured and has obtained such abilities through this campaign.” Regarding institutional capacity building, I have shared my experience with staff at the other institutions as much as possible. I have organized sessions to brief them on the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign plan, which involved explaining the Pride plan and the Barrier Removal Operational Plan (BROP), the Conceptual Model, the SMART target design and material design. I have been actively involving the staff in stakeholder meetings, trainings, as well as the distribution of campaign message promotional media. I am an active member on the RarePlanet website and encourage my supervisor to register as well. An unexpected advantage emerged among the staff members at the institution, who helped contribute towards campaign target achievement on site in order to write a post in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Campaign blog. It motivated my colleagues to write about the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve or about other conservation campaigns.
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b. Constituent The fact that this campaign has created a supporting constituent is proven and illustrated by the number of volunteers in the project. More than 50 individuals have been working as volunteers, from conducting pre- and post-campaign surveys to distributing posters, stickers, pins and calendars. This number excludes vendors helping with media design and giving discounts for materials. The changes in knowledge and attitude have been reported in the Campaign Results section of this Report. It is my view that the campaign has caused the behaviour change among the shifting cultivators. Before the campaign, there were 202 shifting cultivators with slash-and-burn system. At the beginning of the campaign, we expected that with the increase in knowledge and applied practice of barrier removal, the target’s knowledge, attitude and behaviour would change and the constituent would be formed. For example, the number of primary target community members who regard the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area important has increased from 5% in the pre-campaign survey to 8.3% in the post-campaign survey, while the number of secondary target community members has increased from 10.1% to 13.1%. The changing thinking process may affect the constituent’s attitude and behaviour. We can refer to the post-campaign survey for some answers regarding whether all vehicles employed in the campaign succeeded in changing the constituent’s behaviour. Table 23. Exposure to information in various Pride Campaign marketing activities
Activities Public Service Announcements on the Radio – Permanent Agriculture without Slash-and-Burn – “Kopi Asin” Radio talk shows Radio inserts – the District Head’s Appeal Stickers with campaign logo and slogan Pins with campaign logo and slogan Posters – permanent agriculture Calendars – climate change SUMPITAN Bulletins Fact Sheets – How to Cultivate Land without Slash-and-Burn Agriculture Demonstration Plot without Slashand-Burn Trainings and Comparative Studies on Agriculture without Slash-and-Burn Community Meetings
Primary Target Farmers in 2 Villages 59%
Seconda ry Target Farmers in 10 Villages 23%
63% 93% 74% 87% 74% 70% 96% 56%
31% 60% 42% 45% 44% 37% 42% 24%
47% 77% 58% 66% 59% 53% 69% 40%
93%
17%
55%
100%
21%
61%
78%
43%
61%
Total 41%
Source: Data in Table 3 were obtained from interviews with 761 respondents in the post-campaign survey (N = 9 primary target farmers and 691 secondary target farmers, as well as 61 respondents from non-agriculture professions). The table above presents the most successful and the least successful media or vehicles to communicate the campaign messages. While distribution of information was more dominant in the Primary Target villages, in order to share the lessons learnt, I will discuss each target further as follows. 1. Farmers in the Primary Target Group (2 villages, Tempayung and Babual Baboti) As shown in the table above, the composition of message distribution was higher in the primary target villages, because these villages were selected in this campaign as 87
the target of behaviour change. Based on the comparison between pre- and postcampaign surveys, trainings and comparative studies on permanent agriculture were the most impressive and popular activity among the primary target group, with an increase from 8.3% to 65%. These activities were very popular because the community members in these villages were highly interested in profitable permanent agriculture. They were also in need of agricultural training and empowerment in accordance with the village’s plan to become the central area of agricultural and horticultural crops, as the development target in both villages. In addition, the other impressive media that encouraged change in knowledge were posters, with a percentage of 86.7%, and demonstration plot, with a percentage of 66.7%. 2. Farmers in the Secondary Target Group (10 other villages around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve) Posters were the most impressive and popular media among the secondary target group, with an increase from 5.8% to 42.5%. Other media with wide distribution include radio advertisements, with an increase from 8.2% to 20.2%, as well as radio advertisements in the format of the Head of District’s Appeal, with an increase from 0% to 23.6% among the secondary target group. Other activities were generally popular and impressive, but the percentage of interest and impression was low. On average, their impression of the campaign message marketing activities increased.
Primary Target Farmers
Secondary Target Farmers
Image 39. Impression of campaign message marketing media among the target farmers There were some messages delivered by marketing media where there was a different impression between the primary and secondary target groups, such as pins and stickers, which resulted in the decrease in impression and interest among a particular target groups. Among the secondary target farmers, pins were considered not impressive because this media was distributed mostly in the primary target villages. However, some of the pins reached the secondary target farmers and hence the pins did not become the focus and did not leave significant impression. The lesson learnt from the campaign
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message media distribution is that the following factors need to be considered to build constituent support:
It is necessary to be consistent in the campaign format and message, so the target groups understand what this campaign wants them to do. All media in one format should be released with a specific time interval. In other words, two media with the same format should not be released at the same time. Prior to release and distribution, all media must be tested on the target community, campaign team and staff at the institution as well as the institution’s partners, so when a medium is released, they will be familiar with discussions of the medium, understand the importance of the medium for campaign message distribution, and everyone will have the same understanding. This kind of result will distinguish the effectiveness of the new media from the institution’s previous communication media. The current media in use are popular among the target group. For instance, the target group members are easily interested in posters featuring farmers because they feel that the posters represent themselves. However, awareness does not develop instantly. We are certain that our consistency, beginning from the lessons from this Pride Campaign, will make a better change. The media format popular among the communities can be reproduced with the same message and a different image, or adapted to the objectives or changes targeted by the new conservation project.
c. Conservation This Pride Campaign is actually quite ambitious, as we aimed for a greater percentage of behaviour change than the knowledge and attitude change. In most campaigns, the greatest change occurs in knowledge, followed by the change in attitude, and finally the change in behaviour. One thing that has not been achieved in this campaign is to make community members talk about the importance of permanent agriculture without slashand-burn and other things related to the conservation of forests and orangutan habitat to their family and neighbours, which is still relatively low despite an evident increase in the post-campaign survey. Admittedly, some of our enumerators encountered some problems because most of them were new to the campaign. As a result, they might not have good understanding of the campaign's background , even though they have been trained by the Campaign Manager or each survey region coordinator. In my opinion, the key to success was that (1) farmers were already sufficiently interested in the programs and have been waiting to learn to implement the programs, so we could reach them with our messages, and (2) we have had an excellent barrier removal partners. RARE has given a funding commitment in barrier removal projection to cover the costs of demonstration plot creation, staff, seeds and practical assistance. The Lamandau-OFUK EC Project in cooperation with Yayorin and supported by the Central Kalimantan Province BKSDA supported the costs of monitoring, assistance, transportation and program continuation after the first year of barrier removal practice (demonstration plot). However, halfway into the campaign year a question arose among the Lamandau-OFUK EC Project management team regarding who owned the demonstration plot. The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign reiterated to the Lamandau EC Project Program Manager and the European Union delegation evaluator team that the demonstration plot was created to help reduce shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn and forest fire caused by slash-and-burn. The demonstration plot itself was based on joint collaboration and division of responsibility. The Lamandau EC Program Manager had agreed on the system in the first place, but his successor had doubts due to the lack of information that he received regarding the barrier removal collaboration process. Besides, other barrier removal partners have been extremely helpful in issuing recommendation and technical help, such as instructor staff and books on agriculture or agroforestry, were the Agriculture Agency through the District Agriculture Instructional Office. All of this has been a lesson for the follow-up strategy of this project. 89
There are some things that I would do differently if I had to do this campaign over again, especially related to some SMART targets that I made and the continuation of the barrier removal management. For example, in the long-term we would make the communities aware of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve as a protection forest that serves as the source of wildlife that should be protected as well as managed. It could only happen if there is good coordination in the conservation activities and encouragement among the community around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. Besides, I would start a more effective activity to make farmers better understand that shifting cultivation or fields with slash-and-burn poses a threat to the forest around and within the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. Meanwhile, the message distribution would involve using marketing products with a wider reach, such as drink products or cellular phone providers. Activities to communicate the message would be more focused and interesting so as to transform the mssage into action. At the time when this report is written, early July 2010, we have had early indicators of this campaign's success among the target villages community around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. During the last few weeks in July 2010, there has been no known forest fire caused by permanent agriculture with slash-and-burn, which indicates the campaign's success in getting the communities to adopt permanent agriculture without slash-and-burn. However, it is too early to decide on the campaign's success because it will still rain frequently until August 2010 due to the climate change, which also affects the seasons. The Climate Change Expert from The Bandung Institute of Technology (Institut Teknologi Bandung / ITB) Armi Susandi stated that Indonesia is currently experiencing the dry season, but some regions in Indonesia are wet due to the Lamina, which is a high evaporation phenomenon in the eastern area of Indonesia (http: // www.inilah.com/news/read/2010/07/09/652851/penyimpangan-iklim-ri-bisa banjirbesar/). Despite other factors supporting the campaign's success, forest fires and hot spots still remain outside the campaign target area and the institution's operational area. (BorneoNews, 2010) Looking ahead, we realize that our work is not done. Reducing land clearings by slashand-burn for fields and farms within and around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve remains our main challenge. If such practices were not reduced, they would keep contributing towards the climate change that would affect the lives of the community around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. We realize that we always need to remind the farming community and the general community living off and around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, our colleagues at the institution as well as other parties managing the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve that they should support every campaign for permanent agriculture without or with reduced land burnings. Therefore, we plan to work on the continuation of the campaign and keep working with the target groups. Understandably, it is still much too early to know whether the orangutan population will recover and whether migrant birds will come back to its lake. An exhaustive research on the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve by orangutan population researchers is needed, as well as the continuous monitoring of the bird migration patterns. 4. Theory of Change The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Campaign was founded on the assumption that informing the primary and secondary target groups on permanent agriculture will not only benefit the farmers (by improving their economy), but it will also reduce or even stop forest fire, conserve life resource and wildlife habitat so that the wild animals will not become pests due to slash-and-burn land clearing for shifting cultivation. The target groups' role in reducing land clearing for shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn will improve and so will their attitude in vieweing farm or field land clearing for shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn as detrimental and disadvantageous.
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Initially, this program was successful because the institution managed to conduct agroforestry agriculture activities that successfully encouraged the community to reduce shifting cultivation in favour of permanent agriculture, encouraging some farmers still practicing burning to isolate the fire or to practice the tradition of wathing over the fire jointly to prevent it from spreading. Fire was expected to occur on uncleared lands only. As a result, now the community assisted by the institution in the head of Belantikan river no longer have to travel a long way to harvest crops from their field. This brings forth the idea to change the primary target community and encourage the secondary target community to cease shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn in order to save time, money and energy and prevent impacts such as forest fire, which may destroy the forest serving as the habitat of orangutans and other wildlife as well as life resources such as clean water, fish, and jelutung sap. Based on the institution's experience and the aforementioned idea, the theory of change was designed to change the target farming community's behaviour. Previously, the record listed 175 households, but after a repeat survey, it listed 202 households of shifting cultivators from two villages (Tempayung and Babual Baboti). The campaign aimed for 50% (101) of the shifting cultivators in the two primary target villages to adopt permanent agriculture without slash-and-burn. The campaign result turned to exceed the target by 16.84% (pre-campaign: 0-50%; post-campaign: 0-58,42%; the percentage of change: 8,42%; the percentage of points: 116,84%). Since the beginning, we have been able to predict the impacts of this campaign on the whole on conservation achievement. As can be seen in the results, we have been able to demonstrate change in every part of the Theory of Change. Since we did not conduct a control (for comparison), we are unable to ensure that the change was caused by the Pride Campaign. However, the possibility remains that the changes were affected by our campaign as there was no similar conservation program in the primary target village at the same time as our campaign. Furthermore, 80% of the community obey the Village Head's advice to adopt permanent agriculture and not to clear land by burning. On the other hand, it is important to remain alert and not consider our work finished. Compliance levels need to be maintained and monitoring must be conducted on land clearing with slash-and-burn by 39 households (19.3%) of permanent agriculture farmers who do not practice slash-and-burn and 42 households (20.79%) of shifting cultivators with slash-and-burn. This becomes a follow-up plan for subsequent campaigns in the same target to ensure that the communities comply to the profitable form of permanent agriculture without slash-and-burn and to reach the target that this campaign has not been able to achieve, namely those who still practice shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn.
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CHAPTER 7. Follow Up Strategy on Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign, Central Kalimantan Province - Indonesia Introduction The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve campaign can be considered as successful because of the achievements below:
The knowledge of the the primary target audience (Tempayung and Babual Baboti villages) about the impacts of damaged forest on agriculture increased from 41.7% to 100%. Meanwhile, knowledge about mixed crop sedentary farming without burning reduces clearing of the forest increased from 50% to 93.3% by the end of the campaign. The increasing knowledge was also followed by an improvement of the primary target community’s attitude that mixed crop sedentary farming without burning on one’s own land gives more benefits, increasing from 91.7% to 100%. The same thing happened to interpersonal communication within the primary target farmers community who discussed land management and its benefits increased from 8.3% to 46.7%. The increasing knowledge, attitude, and interpersonal communications are the basis of behaviour changes.
The achievement in terms of behaviour change away from shifting cultivation with slashing-and-burning farmers was 157 farmers (118 turned to sedentary farming without burning and 39 adopted sedentary farming with slashing-and-burning). This goes beyond the SMART target which was only 50% from 202 shifting cultivation farmers. The result of the post survey is similar. Asked if they had tried the sedentary approach without burning, 53.3% gave a positive answer, increasing from the previous 0%. Other behaviour change visible from the post survey result is that the decreasing number of the community members who did not know of, or see, slash-and-burn land clearing for shifting cultivation increased from 41.7% to 53.3%.
At the time of writing (July 2009), Lamandau EC Project Mobile Team from OFUK who collaborated with Yayorin and were supported by BKSDA Central Kalimantan reported that the improvements in knowledge, attitude, interpersonal communication, and behaviour change, had reduced the amount of bushfires and deforestation in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest area, and an increase in the forest cover up to 60% (the comparison between Landsat map imaging 2006 and Alos map imaging 2009). It is confirmed that there were no bushfires, land clearing, nor logging. This is also related to the effectiveness of the reach of several message marketing media, such as community meeting/discussion, training/comparative study, poster distribution, and the success of barrier removal in reducing destructive activities in and around the area of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve.
Nevertheless, there are some important things that should be followed up to guarantee that the changes that have taken place may continue in this campaign project. These things include:
Follow up activities will be focused on two primary villages, Tempayung and Babual Baboti. Responding to the challenge to reduce the number of farmers still practicing slashand-burn shifting cultivation in those two primary target villages. The method is by encouraging this part of the community to reduce burning and adopt the demonstration plot actitivies of sedentary mixed crop agriculture without burning.
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This should then be followed by understanding of logical concept and analysis that farming by burning is harmful.
To ensure that the follow up plan is integrated with the program of the organization and with EC Lamandau project planning.
Encouraging the participation of primary target villages in formulation of rules for land management, especially those for agriculture.
Encouraging the marketing of the community harvest at local markets. This is to asses the beneficial values (agricultural benefits) of sedentary farming without burning in the 3 year implementation of the demonstration plot.
Developing the mixed crop demonstration plot into an independent one. Several things that support the continuity of the program will be funded from the sales of the demonstration plot’s products. For example, if there is a profit from the horticultural produce sales, some part of it would be used for buying seeds, farming tools rejuvenation, and other operational costs. The amount left over is the demonstration plot assistant’s profit.
Further promoting the demonstration plot so that it can be a learning media for the communities in the villages around the primary target villages which in the end will have a positive effect on behaviour change in farming.
The follow up strategy emphasised here is based on the above issues. Program Strategy The campaign will be integrated into the program in the organization and program of Lamandau EC project OFUK. In the EC Lamandau project, the program would integrate with Component 2; Sub activity 2.3 on promoting the demonstration of sustainable livelihood project of Community Education and Awareness and also Capacity Building through monthly meetings and trainings on logical concepts and analysis that farming by burning is harmful. 1. Strategy 1. Maintain and Increase the Support on the Continuity of Impact of Mixed Crops Sedentary without Burning Demonstration Plot a. SMART Objective 1 By August 2011, in cooperation with the Lamandau EC Project, the community’s understanding of the effect of land burning will increase from 66.7% to 75%. b. SMART Objective 2 By August 2011, there will be at least 2 independent demonstration plots of Mixed Crop Sedentary farming (managed by the farmers groups) in the two primary target villages (Tempayung and Babual Baboti). c. SMART Objective 3 By August 2011, there would be at least 11 monthly trainings on cultivation without slashing-and-burning each with 15 participating farmers. Notes: This program reaches the farming community with meetings and support for the follow up farming program in Tempayung and Babual Baboti villages as the primary target community. All month long there will be meetings and trainings for the primary target farmers’ community. 93
Program Implementation Program 1. Consensus Meeting of Primary Target Farmers’ Community to Discuss Development of the Demonstration Plot Description of the program: In the program we will delve into anything that needs to be developed on the demonstration plot from production facilities (seed development), increasing the interest in adopting the demonstration plot farm program in the community, the harvest and the marketing to promotions (support from the local government and market, and also barrier removal partners). Materials needed: a. Flipchart paper (10 to 15 sheets per program) b. Markers of 3 different colours c. Metaplan cards in 3 - 4 different colours d. 2 masking tapes e. Banners f. Media for message marketing (posters, factsheets, pins, t-shirts and Sumpitan bulletins) Details of program: The program is a consensus meeting whose invitees would be the representatives and local government of the two primary target villages. This will be held in February 2011. Flipchart paper would be used as a medium to write down program idea concepts and meeting results. Metaplan cards are distributed to the people so they can write down their ideas or anything related to improving the demonstration plot so that more people would adopt the program and it can be further developed towards independence; later on, these cards be be stuck together with masking tape. Activity banners as a reminder of programs and the messages built into them. Other message marketing media (posters to reach the depth of knowledge wide community outreach, factsheets to reach the depth of campaign messages, pins and t-shirts as message reminder, and the Sumpitan bulletin as information medium that reaches the depth of knowledge as marketing the messages in the form of written stories and news). The program aims to motivate farmers not to do any more land clearing and burning and to intensify the cultivation of their fields to develop sustainable agriculture which supports the local economy. Program monitoring and evaluation: The consensus meeting to delve into the potentials of developing the demonstration plot by the community, the implementation would be assessed the following month, whereas the evaluation would be carried out at the end of the meeting by making ORID questions (O: asking whether description of program results is acceptable; R: participant’s reflection on the program; I: the community can interpret the result of the training and D: delving into the participants’ plan after they learned the potential benefits of sedentary farming through the illustration that burning activities are harmful to agricultural products). 2. Promotion of No Burning Mixed Crop Sedentary Farming Demonstration Plot Program Description: The program is carried out to promote the demonstration plot program to local government (related agencies: the Offices of Agriculture and Farming, Forestry and Plantations), local market dealers and barrier removal partners and also
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printed/electronic mass media in a business meeting. Besides, we would announce it to the local print media. Materials needed: a. Framework of the program. b. Lists of related government agencies, local market dealers and mass media (both printed and electronic). c. Banners. d. Message marketing media (fact sheets, pins, t-shirts and Sumpitan bulletins) Details of the program: The program is a business meeting inviting the government agencies related to agroforestry development (mixed crop cultivation without burning). It would be held in May 2011. We would also invite local market dealers/businesspeople to see the market eligibility of demplot’s products. The mass media would also be invited to support publication in local media so that the community learn that there is a demonstration plot that has been introduced to control land clearing and bushfire. The framework, which consists of background of the program, objectives, expected results with the invitation and the agenda attached to it, acts as guidance for the participants to understand the objectives and expected results of the program. Lists of related government agencies, local market dealers and mass media are noted to make the invitations to the program. The banners act as the reminder of the program and message built into the program. Other media to socialize the message (posters to reach the depth and knowledge coverage of the community, fact sheets to reach the depth of campaign messages, pins and t-shirts to remind people of the message, and the Sumpitan bulletin as information media to reach the depth of knowledge in forms of written stories and news). Monitoring and evaluation of the program: The meeting to promote the demonstration farm will be evaluated in the end of the meeting by making ORID questions (O: asking the illustration of the demonstration plot program; R: a reflection of the participant to improve the quality of the demonstration plot; I: the community gives many illustration of the demonstration farm and D: digging the participant’s plan after knowing the potential benefit of the permanent farming by knowing that burning program is harmful to the harvest). 3. Program 3. Meetings and Trainings in Every Month Description of the program: The program is carried out to upgrade the attitude and interpersonal communication between farmers. The meetings are held so that the farmers can interact and communicate one to another and the trainings act as a follow up to the meeting agreement which should be adopted and communicated to other farmers. Materials needed: a. Large sized pieces of paper b. Metaplan cards, stationary, and double sided tape c. Other media to socialize the message (posters to reach the depth and knowledge coverage of the community, fact sheets to reach the depth of campaign messages, pins and t-shirts to remind people of the message, and the Sumpitan bulletin as information media to reach the depth of knowledge in forms of written stories and news) Details of the program: The program starts in September 2010 and runs until August 2011. 95
Large pieces of paper are used as a media to take notes on the program ideas and concept and the results of the meeting. Metaplan cards is a card which later will be stuck with double tape and given to the community members to write their ideas or anything related to improving mixed and permanent farming without burning the fields. Other media to socialize the message (posters to reach the depth and knowledge coverage of the community, fact sheets to reach the depth of campaign messages, pins and t-shirts to remind people of the message, and the Sumpitan bulletin as information media to reach the depth of knowledge in forms of written stories and news).
Monitoring and evaluation of the program: In every monthly meeting, monitoring will be conducted by visiting the location to see the development of the demonstration plot, community responses and community’s plantation which adopt the demonstration farm program. 2. Strategy 2. The Forest Functions Information Coverage and Mixed and Permanent Farming without Burning to Control the Opening up of New Land and Bushfires The campaign covers the farming community by providing assistance on the follow up agricultural activities in Tempayung and Babual Baboti villages as the primary targets. And for the secondary targets of Tanjung Putri, Tanjung Terantang, Mendawai Seberang and Kotawaringin Hilir in Kotawaringin Barat, Sungai Pasir, Natai Sedawak and Kartamulia in Sukamara. Notes: the control villages, for comparison, are Raja Seberang and Kotawaringin Hulu. a. SMART Objectives for Farmers in the Primary Target Villages
SMART 1 Objective (Knowledge) In August 2011, community’s knowledge of the primary target village on the functions of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve as a water absorbing area and spring source increase from 56.7% up to 60%.
SMART 2 Objective (Knowledge) In August 2011, community’s knowledge of the primary target village on the benefits of mixed and permanent farming without burning the field controls the opening up of new land, conserving the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, and bushfire increase from 33.3% up to 43%.
SMART 3 Objective (Attitude) In August 2011, farmers from primary target villages who consider that the opening up of new land by burning the fields in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve will cause problems increase from 29.15% up to 40%.
SMART 3 Objective (Interpersonal Communication) In August 2011, farmers from primary target villages talk with their relatives or neighbours about permanent farming without burning the fields and gives more benefits increase from 58.3% up to 60%.
b. SMART Objectives for Farmers in the Secondary Target Villages
SMART 1 Objective (Knowledge)
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In August 2011, community’s knowledge of the primary target villages on the functions of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve as water absorbing area and spring increase from 23,7% up to 35%.
SMART 1 Objective (Knowledge) In August 2011, community’s knowledge of the primary target villages on the benefit of mixed and permanent farming without burning the field control the opening up of new land, conserving the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, and bushfire increase from 28% up to 35%.
SMART 3 Objective (Attitude) In August 2011, farmers from primary target villages who consider that the opening up of new land by burning the fields in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve will cause problems increase from 28.9% up to 35%.
SMART 3 Objective (Interpersonal Communication) In August 2011, farmers from primary target villages talk with their relatives or neighbours about permanent farming without burning the fields and gives more benefits increase from 31.7% up to 40%.
Implementation of the Reach out Program 1. Program 1. Coverage Campaign – Permanent Farming Controls the Opening of New Fields and Bushfire Description of the program: Doing the agricultural extension to the primary and secondary target villages. The distribution of the media to socialize the message will follow the campaigns. Materials needed: a. Tools needed for the power point presentation on why we need to conserve the forest, to conserve the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, to adopt permanent farming without burning the field and also showing a motion picture which has forest conservation theme / PSA (screen, LCD, material of the presentation, film on environment, DVD player). b. Campaign marketing media (poster, radio PSA (invitation and recommendation), fact sheets, pins and t-shirts). Details of the program: Each program would be managed by different divisions; counselling by the Education Team of the EC Lamandau Project, implementation by the sub program of Mobile Education and Library Unit (MELU), and of local festival moments by the educational division team of Yayorin. The counselling program would be conducted by visiting one village at a time and would complete to 1-2 villages each month. Socialization would be given to the village authorities. The main idea of the counselling is to provide presentations on the importance of the forest, to preserve it, and to promote permanent farming. There would also be movies about forest preservation / successful farmers and also PSA radio broadcast by the regent to invite and strongly recommend permanent farming. Various media for campaigns would also be distributed throughout this momentum. Monitoring and evaluation of the program: Monitoring would be conducted through an effectiveness survey on each medium, which has been tested before on the public, associates, and teams serving as campaign officers. 1. Program 2. Reach-out Program through Local Festivals
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Description of the program: Through this program, campaigns would integrate with the momentum of local festivals to demonstrate the idea of permanent farming without forest clearing by burning the fields, invitation to plant trees for the continuing existence of forests, prevent climate change, and to spread information about not burning the fields during dry season. Materials needed: a. Campaign banners on permanent farming without burning the fields. b. Banners to invite people to plant trees, preserve the forest, and to prevent climate change. c. Fact sheets on why not to burn fields during dry season and steps to open up new land without burning the fields. d. Photo exhibition on farming activities that would inspire local farmers. Details of the program: This program would integrate with the local community through participation in local festivals such as the anniversary of the District. The program would also integrate with the EC Lamandau project during environmental days through a parade or exhibition program. Banners are used as campaign aids to spread, and remind people of, the messages. Fact sheets are given to reach the depth of parade or exhibition programs. Photo exhibitions of farming activities would serve as a bridge for interpersonal action and communication. The community would see real examples of successful permanent farming without burning the fields, so they would be inspired to adopt the same model. Monitoring and evaluation of the media and program: i. Media monitoring through surveys on each medium, which has been tested before on the public, associates, and teams serving as campaign officers. ii. Program monitoring and evaluation through written records or even ORID questions linked to the program, the number of people interested in attending and giving feedback, and also the variety and amount of media distributed. Funding 1. The funds needed for the Counselling and Local Festival and the Environmental Day program include team transportation, demonstration plot management, and monthly meetings/trainings for the community, are provided by partnership organizations, EC Lamandau project, funding from the OFUK program, together with Yayorin and supported by BKSDA Central Kalimantan. 2. The consensus and demonstration plot promotion meeting would be facilitated using Alumni Pride Funds and the balance from the previous Campaign. The funds would also be allocated to the salary for the campaign manager of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. Conclusion 1. The first strategy is to preserve and increase the function of the permanent mixed crop (without burning) demonstration plot, to stop the spreading of forest clearing (in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve) and bushfires, and to propose a solution to improve the community economy through mixed and permanent farming. The main goal is to reach and motivate 42 farmers that have not yet adopted the system. 2.
The second strategy is to aim at education, knowledge, action, and interpersonal communication in the community. The main goal is to reach wider targets, even to other villages that were previously included as secondary pride campaign targets, in the hopes that the whole community turns its back on the field burning system.
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3.
The counselling program, demonstration plot management, and all other expenses including transportation would be covered by the EC Lamandau Project. On the other hand, the consensus meeting on demonstration plot potential, demonstration plot promotions, and the campaign manager's salary would be funded by the Alumni Pride Rare September / October 2011 and from the balance of the previous Pride Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Campaign funds.
4.
The campaign program would be focused on the improvement of farmer attitudes to decrease forest clearing for new farmland, and also to minimize the possibilities of bushfire and field fires because of the forest burning system.
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Table 24. Team Members and Key Targets (RACI) Team Members and Key Targets (RACI)
Campaign Deliverables
Communication Plan/Building Cooperation Links
Name Team Member
Association/Role
Communication Idea
European Union
Funding contribution (A)
funding
x
ü
Funding contribution (A)
funding
x
ü
Assist with disseminating Information (I)
program of joint activities
x
ü
resource person
ü
x
Program manager EC Lamandau Project , Orangutan Foundation UK SKW II BKSDA Central Kalimantan (Mr. Eko Novi)
Head of BPP Kolam (Mr. Sumarwoto) and his PPL
Consultation & Training location /resource person (C & R) Those who agree (A), Consultation & location (C & R)
Agriculture Office (Head of Office)
Consultation & Training location (C & R)
Forestry Office (Head of Office)
Consultation & Training location (C & R)
Head of Kobar Plantations Office (Mr.Rosihan Pribadi)
Consultation & Training location (C & R)
Director of Yayorin (Togu Simorangkir) or a representative
Those who agree (A), give information (I)
Yayorin (all program staff)
Consultation location C, trainer (R), disseminate information (I)
CM Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve (Eddy Santoso)
Those who agree (A), disseminate information (I) and R
Farming Facilitator (Edi Sumanto, Suwardi)
Those implementing the community strengtheneing R
Mr Tarwan
training for instructional team Help with sustainable seeds/saplings Help with sustainable seeds/saplings Help with sustainable seeds/saplings Coordination of implementation by BROP activity implementation Dissemination of information and activity implementation activity implementation
Prelaunch
Launch
Implementation
Follow Up
Progress report
Funding support 2011
Progress report
Funding support 2011
Draw up a plan for joint activities Contact the resource person Discussion of activity plan
Training for PPL and Farmer’s Team
Sustainability activity send TOR and invitations
x
ü
ü
x
Publicize the activity plan
Write letter requesting help with seeds/saplings
ü
x
Publicize the activity plan
Write letter requesting help with seeds/saplings
ü
x
Publicize the activity plan
Write letter requesting help with seeds/saplings
x
ü
Discussion about implementation
Agreement about implementation
x
ü
Publicize the activity materials
Design and agree on timeframe for implementation
x
ü
Publicize the activity materials
Design and agree on timeframe for implementation
x
ü
Publicize the activity materials
Design and agree on timeframe for implementation
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Table 25. Campaign Follow Up Operational Activity Plan No
Activity
PJ
Program Status
Duration Start
Finish
Month/Year
Month
September 2010/August 2011
Notes
September 2011/ August 2012
September 2012/ August 2013
Campaign Range Publicization of 2nd Campaign plan
CM Alumni Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
Create and distribute Campaign message marketing materials
CM Alumni Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve + Lead Educator + MELU Team
Instructional village visits
Lead Educator + MELU Team + CM Alumni Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
Sept2010
Oct2011
1 month
Managing Barrier Removal for Demonstration Plot management Farming of Facilitator demonstration plot Meetings and CM Alumni training every Sungai month in the Lamandau promary target Wildlife villages Reserve,
9
To all institutions’ program teams and EC Lamandau Project Team + OFUK Disseminate to target audience; to rubber farmers along the three rivers: Sungai Buluh, Sungai Teringin and Sungai Rasau) and fishers Instructional activities + environement al film screening -9 villages near Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
9
9
Each meeting attended by at least 1520 farmers and training
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Lead Educator + Farming Facilitator Pertemuan Consesnus on participative development of demonstration plot
CM Alumni Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, Lead Educator + Farming Facilitator Mixed crops CM Alumni plantation Sungai demonstration Lamandau plot promotion Wildlife (business Reserve, meeting) Lead Educator + Farming Facilitator Activity Evaluation Evaluation of CM Alumni the entire Sungai implementatio Lamandau n stage Wildlife Reserve, + Supervisor +PPM +institution’ s Program Manager Campaign Activity Report Activity Report CM Alumni Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
on technology for farming without using fire Objective: to create an independent demonstratio n plot
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Objective: Market products and motivate the sedentary farmers
In the monthly coordination meeting
Every 3 months on the RarePlanet Campaign blog
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Rare Alumni Funding Application 2010 I. General Information 1.
Applicant eligibility: (Rare Alumni Fund grants in 2010 are ONLY available to Pride campaign manager alumni and in special cases, Pride partner organizations that have continued the Pride campaign if the original campaign manager has left the organization. Alumni who are able to apply for Rare Alumni Funds in 2010 are those who have already finished a Pride Campaign in 2010. “Original Pride partner organizations” are defined as the original local partner organization that sponsored the first Pride campaign.) Are you a Pride campaign manager alumnus currently employed by the original Pride partner organization? Yes___ No___ Are you a Pride campaign manager alumnus currently employed by a new partner organization? Yes___ No___ If “No” to 2 questions above, are you a representative from an original Pride partner organization with a new campaign manager? (i.e. if the Pride alumnus has left the organization and a new campaign manager is implementing the proposed project) Yes___ No___ If “No” to all 3 questions above, please contact Rare Alumni Fund staff as your Application may not be eligible for this fund.
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Applicant contact details: (The Applicant must be the project leader for the proposed project in this Application. Please enter the Pride campaign manager alumnus or Pride partner organization representative filling out this form. Pride alumni must be sponsored by a legally registered partner organization such as an NGO, local institution, government department to act on their behalf as recipient of a Rare Alumni Fund grant.) Full name: Eddy Santoso Title/Position within the organization: Manager of Education Organization: Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia (Yayorin) Complete mailing address: Jalan Bhayangkara Km 1. Pangkalan Bun 74112 Central Kalimantan Country: Indonesia Telephone number (with international codes) : +62-532-29057 / 6285214895404 Fax number (with international codes) : +62-532-29081 E-mail:
[email protected]
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Partner organization contact details: (Please enter the organization that will receive and manage the grant. Organizations must be legally registered with a bank account in the organization’s name and support this Application project completely. In addition, partner organization representatives are required to sign the Rare Alumni Fund “Statement of Endorsement” in Appendix A.) Partner organization: Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia Complete mailing address: Jalan Bhayangkara Km 1. Pangkalan Bun 74112 Central Kalimantan Country: Indonesia Telephone: (with international codes) +62-532-29057 Fax: (with international codes) +62-532-29081 Website: www.yayorin.org Name and title of the person that will sign the agreement and will be responsible for the implementation of the grant: (the Executive Director of other high level representative with authority to take on new projects and accept grants) Full name of partner organization signing authority: Togu Simorangkir Title/Position within the organization: Director Telephone: (with international codes) 085828467888 Email:
[email protected]
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4.
Project summary: (not to exceed 3 sentences below) Project title: The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign. This campaign promotes outreach and awareness programs among farmers to change from shifting cultivation to permanent agriculture without slash-andburn. It aims to reduce land clearing for agricultural production with slash-and-burn system. Project site name and location: The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve (Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve / Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve) and 9 villages around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. Total USD$ amount requested from Rare Alumni Fund: Year I = US$7,428.5 Year II = US$13,758.4 Year III = US$14,644.4
(Please complete all answers below briefly, with a maximum of 1 or 2 paragraphs each.) II. Review of Initial Pride Campaign 5.
Please summarize your initial Pride campaign: evidence of success that indicate the amount of support gained from constituents in the campaign’s target area. (these are results related to K+A+IC or “Knowledge”, “Attitude” and “Interpersonal Communication” in your Theory of Change. Write it in terms of number of volunteers, number of people signing petitions, the number of environmental groups successfully set up. ) The knowledge of the Tempayung and Babual Baboti villages farming community as the primary target group on the forest destruction’s impacts on agricultural activities has increased 41.7% to 100%, while their knowledge on how permanent agroforestry agriculture without slash-and-burn practice reduces land clearing has increased from 50% to 93.3% by the end of the campaign. Besides knowledge, the attitude of the farming community has also improved. The number of farmers who regard permanent agroforestry agriculture beneficial has increased from 91.7% to 100%. Another improvement was achieved with regards to the interpersonal communication among the farming community. The number of farmers discussing land management and its benefits has increased from 8.3% to 33.3%, while the number of those discussing forest preservation and permanent agriculture has increased from 8.3% to 46.7%. The improved Knowledge, Attitude and Interpersonal Communication among the target group serve as the foundation of their Behaviour Changes. Note: The campaign involved more than 100 volunteers, who have been helping with campaign media marketing and surveys. The volunteers mostly consisted of high school students in the two regencies (Kotawaringin Barat and Sukamara) and members of local youth organization in the target village (Tempayung).
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Please provide evidence of success that shows how were threats reduced or mitigated. (These are results related to “BC”, “TR”, and “C” or “Behaviour Change”, “Threat Reduction”, and “Conservation” in your Theory of Change. List the newly conserved area [in hectares], the reduction of forest fire, the number of pilot projects created.) The previous campaign yielded a significant behaviour change among farmers. Of the 202 shifting cultivators, 157 changed their behaviour (118 farmers adopted permanent agriculture without slash-and-burn system, 39 farmers adopted permanent agriculture with slash-and-burn system). This exceeded the SMART target, which had aimed for 50% of the 202 shifting cultivators to adopt permanent agriculture. Likewise, post-campaign survey showed that the number of farmers who claim to practice permanent agriculture without slash-and-burn has increased from 0% to 53%, while the number of local residents not noticing any slash-and-burn shifting cultivation land clearings has increased from 41.7% to 53.3%. At the time of writing (July 2009), the Patrol Team of Lamandau EC Project, an OFUK program in cooperation with Yayorin with the support of the Central Kalimantan Province’s Natural Resources Conservation Association (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam / BKSDA), reported that the improved knowledge, attitude and interpersonal communication among the community have reduced incidents of forest fires and logging in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area and increased land cover in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve by up to 60% (compare the 2006 Landsat Image Map and the 2009 Alos Image Map). It has been confirmed that no incidents of forest fire, land clearing or logging have taken place. This is related to the outreach effectiveness of the media that promoted the messages, such as community meetings, discussions, trainings, comparative studies and posters, as well as the success of threat reduction to reduce detrimental activities around and within the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area.
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7.
Please summarize the next steps articulated in your campaign Final Report. (These are the recommended follow-up activities required to achieve conservation results after the end of the initial Pride Campaign.) Notwithstanding the campaign’s achievements, some follow-up actions are essential in order to maintain the changes generated in this campaign. The follow-up actions will focus on the two primary target villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti in order to address the challenge to reduce the number of slash-and-burn farmers in the those villages. Firstly, farmers practicing slash-and-burn, both as part of shifting cultivation and permanent agriculture, will be encouraged to reduce burning and adopt the permanent agroforestry without slash-and-burn demonstration plot. The action will be reinforced by giving logical and analytical insights on the advantages of permanent agriculture and the disadvantages of slash-and-burn farming system. We will then ensure that the follow-up action plan can be integrated with the programs in the institution and the Lamandau EC Project action plan in order to conduct the following actions: 1) Encouraging the primary target villages to participate in the creation of land management regulations, especially on agricultural activities, 2) Encouraging the community to promote and sell their farming products to local markets, in order to measure the level of advantage (the agricultural benefits) of permanent agriculture without slash-and-burn in the three years’ period of demonstration plot, 3) Developing the agroforestry demonstration plot into an independent demonstration plot. Some costs to maintain the program will be covered by the sales of demonstration plot products. For instance, part of the profit from the sales of horticultural plants will be spent on seeds purchase, farming equipments maintenance and other operational costs. The rest of the profit will be given to the demonstration plot administrators (assistants), 4) Promoting the demonstration plot and marketing local agricultural products with the objective to introduce the potential of local agricultural products in the local market among target villages and nearby villages. The agricultural products, which are mostly comprised of horticultural crops and biennial crops (for example bananas and papayas), will be promoted through direct marketing to local traditional market vendors.The local vendors will be invited to business meetings and informed that the target villages (Tempayung and Babual Baboti) farming community is ready to supply local agricultural products. Previously, local agricultural products were marketed by travelling salespeopl who sold local agricultural products, especially those inspired by the demonstration plot products.
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What progress has been made to achieve these follow-up activities since the end of the initial campaign? By the end of the campaign, the campaign manager has made the campaign follow-up strategy and the Follow-up Campaign Operational Plan. Activities will focus on reducing the number of slash-and-burn farmers in the primary target villages (Tempayung and Babual Baboti). The campaign manager has coordinated the follow-up plans with the institution (especially the supervisor), who will in turn immediately coordinate the acitivities with teams under the institution and teams under the Lamandau EC Project. Also, the campaign manager has conducted a research on local market to identify local market segments with high interest in agricultural products from nearby villages and the types of agricultural products in high demand in the local market. At the moment, the research shows that the high-demand agricultural products in the market are dominated by horticultural crops and biennial crops (for example bananas, papayas, corn and cassava). This action aims to support the promotion and marketing of the agricultural products, which will take place during the period between September 2010 / August 2011 and August 2013.
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Does this Application support any of these follow-up activities? This application can support the follow-up actions because it is based on the campaign’s follow-up strategy. The follow-up action plan is based on the achievement of the previous post-campaign activities requiring follow-ups. The achievement of each proposed action is measurable with SMART. Inevitably, this application is related to the amount of funding allocated for follow-up actions. The RARE alumni grant proposed in this application will be used to cover operational costs of consensus meetings to explore the development of the demonstration plot potentials, meetings to promote the demonstration plot and campaign message publication during the period of September 2010/August 2011, along with the remainder of the early Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign funding. The costs of agriculture facilitators and demonstration plot assistants’ salary and target groups and demonstration plot assistance activities will be
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covered during the period of September 2011/August 2013, while the costs of instructions, demonstration plot maintenance, the management resources and mobilization transport will still be covered by the Lamandau EC Project funding until December 2011, as consented by the Lamandau EC Project’s Program Manager and the Lead Educator as the representative of Yayorin in June 2010.
(Please complete all answers below briefly, with a maximum of 1 or 2 paragraphs each.) III. Theory of Change for Follow Up Activities 10. Draft Theory of Change The following seven pages contain the “Theory of Change” worksheet. This worksheet will help you understand and develop the Theory of Change for your Follow-Up Activities. If you already developed the Theory of Change for this project through the Pride Campaign Follow-up Plan or through other programs, list the document here. Remember that this “Theory of Change” is for your Follow-up Campaign. You may or may not have developed a Theory of Change for your Initial Pride Campaign, but think about how the follow-up phase of your campaign can develop your Initial Pride Campaign better. What aspects of your Initial Theory of Change still need to be discussed? Which target groups or threats still need to be focused on? What new target groups or threats can you focus on following your Initial Pride Campaign achievements? What new solutions or barrier removal instruments can you add to this follow-up phase? For assistance in completing this worksheet, please contact your Regional Alumni Coordinator. Rare aims to help you maintain and develop your Pride Campaign impacts. Introduction The Theory of Change had predicted that 50% (88 of 175 households) of the community would adopt permanent agriculture. Surveys and re-monitoring through direct assessment as recorded up until April 2010, however, show that 77.72% (157 of 202 households) have adopted permanent agriculture, which exceeds the 50% (101 of 202 households) target. The farming target groups that have adopted permanent agriculture show their awareness by stopping land burning practices. This is the early indicators demonstrating that we have come to the right assumption, and that the proposed Theory of Change actually works. On the other hand, of the 157 households that have adopted permanent agriculture in Tempayung and Babual Baboti villages, 19.42% (39 households) still practice slash-and-burn permanent agriculture system. The remainder of all respondents being surveyed state that 20.79% (42 households) still practice slash-and-burn shifting cultivation system in Tempayung and Babual Baboti. Theory of Change for the Follow-up Plan In order to reduce shifting cultivation and slash-and-burn farming around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and preserve an important habitat of the Borneo orangutans, permanent agriculture with the agroforestry system, which is more sustainable, environmentally friendly and beneficial towards the local economy, will be introduced. Local farmers will be informed on the borders for the Borneo orangutans in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve as well as the advantages of adopting permanent agriculture and the agroforestry system. In the theory of change, this system will provide more sustainable income for the community around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve while at the same time preserving the forest’s life support system. The community will be introduced to the concepts of the new system, receive training and technical assistance to apply the new system, until the target community eventually adopt and practice permanent agriculture with the agroforestry system. Because of those two factors, there will be at least 50% (from 41 to 81 households) of the community who are yet to adopt permanent agriculture without slash-and-burn in the two target villages, Tempayung and Babual Baboti. This follow-up Pride Campaign will be considered successful upon the reduction of shifting cultivation activities and forest fires as well as the protection of the orangutan population within the reserve area. Permanent agriculture and the agroforestry system have seen considerable practice by community in several locations in Indonesia. The system can be viewed and applied in the campaign location by the end of the campaign in August 2011.
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DRAFT THEORY OF CHANGE – ARTICULATING YOUR PRIDE CAMPAIGN’S CONSERVATION IMPACT What is the Draft Theory of Change and why is it important? The Draft Theory of Change (ToC) is your best articulation of the type of Pride Campaign you think you will run at your site. Because Pride is about changing behaviour at the community-level to achieve long-term conservation, the Draft ToC allows Rare to understand the conservation impact your Pride campaign could have by documenting which biodiversity threat you will focus on and how you will change behaviours of key groups to reduce this threat. The Draft ToC is best understood by looking at seven linked variables. 1. Conservation Result (CR) What conservation result are we trying to achieve, and what is the target we will focus on to do so? 2. Threat Reduction (TR) What are the main threats to our conservation target, and which can we reduce? 3. Behaviour Change (BC) What behaviours for which group(s) must change in order to reduce this threat? 4. Barrier Removal (BR) What are the barriers to adoption of the new behaviour we want to see, and how can we remove them? 5. IC (Interpersonal Communication) What conversations are needed to encourage people to adopt the new behaviour? 6. Attitude (A) What attitudes must shift for these conversations to happen? 7. Knowledge (K) What knowledge is needed to increase awareness and help shift these attitudes? These seven variables are linked together with the following equation, K + A + IC + BR -> BC -> TR > CR, which means that “an increase in knowledge plus a change in attitude, interpersonal communication, and barrier removal leads to behaviour change, which leads to threat reduction, and, ultimately, a conservation result.” This equation will be the basis for developing your Draft ToC and will allow you to document some plausible results chains affecting long-term biodiversity conservation at your site. A results chain "shows the expected outcomes from the implementation of a strategy, and thus represents the assumptions you are making about your project site.” (Source: Miradi). Please note: the Draft Theory of Change is your campaign hypothesis, or “first draft”, based on the data you currently have available and may be revised during the process of developing the campaign with the help of the Program Manager and/or the Rare Alumni Coordinator Who develops the Draft Theory of Change? The draft Theory of Change will be jointly developed by you, Rare and any additional partners critical to your campaign’s success. You will develop the first version for submission to Rare. Using the Draft Theory of Change Template provided below, you will identify the likely components of your Pride campaign by defining a conservation target for your campaign (e.g. coral reef), the principal threat(s) to that target (e.g. dynamite fishing), the behaviours of that group you would like to change (e.g. reducing the practice of fishermen practicing dynamite fishing), the barrier removal necessary required to change this behaviour (e.g. provision of special nets to replace dynamite), and the communications elements Pride will need to support this change. Once you have identified these different components and how they are linked, you will be able to write a summary of your Draft Theory of Change. Who reviews and evaluates the Draft Theory of Change? Rare staff will review and evaluate the Draft Theory of Change. Review may be an iterative process so that Rare staff can provide feedback to improve the Draft Theory of Change before a final
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evaluation is made. The Regional Alumni Coordinator assisted by Pride Program Manager will assist you in developing your Draft Theory of Change. What criteria are used to evaluate the Draft Theory of Change? Note on Rare Alumni Fund: please read the whole of the “Rare Alumni Fund Guide” so that you understand how Rare will examine your Draft Theory Of Change with the help of other components of your application form during the selection process. Broadly speaking, Rare evaluates a Draft Theory of Change based on three key criteria 1) Intended Conservation Impact 2) Feasibility of Implementation 3) Ability to Measure Results 1) To effectively show “Conservation Impact”, you must specify a conservation result that has a specific and measureable target result and demonstrate a logical link across from behaviour change to this conservation result. 2) To demonstrate the “Feasibility of Implementation”, you must show that your specified threat is human-induced, the campaign is a well-integrated part of the your organization’s strategy, and that you have an effective and relevant barrier removal plan and partners. 3) Your “Ability to Measure Results” will be determined by whether or not you have a plan and partner for monitoring and evaluating your campaign. Any baseline data you have is also helpful.
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How do I fill out the Draft Theory of Change Template? You will follow six steps to complete your Draft Theory of Change. Note that you will fill out the template moving from right to left. 1. Identify the conservation result and conservation target in your site that your campaign will focus on. Please note that a conservation target must be more specific that simply naming the site in which you work. It is helpful to consider the following definition when trying to identify targets: “A limited suite of species, communities, and ecological systems that are chosen to represent and encompass the full array of biodiversity found in a project area. They are the basis for setting goals, carrying out conservation actions, and measuring conservation effectiveness. In theory - and hopefully in practice - conservation of the focal targets will ensure the conservation of all native biodiversity within functional landscapes” (Source: Miradi) Examples of biodiversity targets are, coral reefs, mangroves, golden lion tamarin, etc. 2. Identify the principal threat(s) to this conservation target. If you are not sure what the principal threat is please complete additional “Draft Theory of Change” templates for each threat you identify. 3. Identify the behaviour change needed to reduce the threat. In order to this, you will need to specify the behaviour(s) that cause the principal threat and the group(s) that lies behind this behaviour. 4. Propose alternate behaviours and the barriers that might prevent the group(s) from adopting it. You will need to also identify barrier removal tools that exist and who might provide them. Barrier removal tools may be provided by organizations not engaged in conservation. It is helpful to consult your network to generate ideas about what barrier tools may be most appropriate for your situation. 5. Identify the type of interpersonal communication your Pride Campaign will need to generate to help the target group change their behaviour. You will need to identify the knowledge and attitudes needed for these discussions to take place. 6. Write a narrative paragraph to complete your Draft Theory of Change. This paragraph articulates your proposed Pride campaign strategy, i.e. how you will change behaviours of key groups to reduce threats to the biodiversity target in your site. Please include a statement articulating why you believe this campaign strategy will be effective citing proof of concept for this type of Theory of Change at other sites, case studies, or analogue situations. 7. As you fill out the template, please always provide a source for the data you quote (ideally also how and when it was obtained). Try to answer each question fully but succinctly. Where you have no data or cannot answer write “no data” or to be determined (TBD). For assistance in completing the template, please refer to the following Draft Theory of Change template called: “Potorono Forest Pride”. This is the Theory of Change developed in 2009 by Rare Alumni Fund grantee Panji Anom in cooperation with Indonesian local partner, YBL Masta, as well as Pride staff and Rare alumni.
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DRAFT THEORY OF CHANGE TEMPLATE:
IC+A+K 5
BR 4
WHAT DOES A PRIDE CAMPAIGN NEED TO COMMUNICATE? Identify the interpersonal communication needed to adopt the new behaviour. The farming community requested trainings or instructions on how to practice the permanent agroforestry agriculture system without slash-andburn as well as how to cultivate and care for the vegetation.
What conversations are needed to encourage people to adopt the new behaviour? Discussions on the economic and productivity benefits of permanent agriculture, the agroforestry system’s capability to provide a long-term source of livelihood, the importance
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HOW CAN WE REMOVE BARRIERS TO ADOPTION OF A NEW BEHAVIOUR? Identify alternate behaviours and the barriers to adopting it (i.e. technological, social, economic, political). Introducing and developing the agroforestry permanent agriculture intensively and sustainably, which will meet the community’s short-term, midterm and long-term economic needs.
What alternate behaviours (or actions) might be proposed?
BC
Developing and promoting the production potentials of the Permanent Agroforestry Agriculture Demonstration plot without Slash-and-burn Practice Encouraging local government and agents of change within the community to create
TR 2
WHAT BEHAVIOUR DO WE WANT TO SEE CHANGE?
WHAT IS THE PRINCIPAL THREAT TO CONSERVATION TARGET?
Identify what behaviour lies behind the threat and which group causes it.
Write in principal threat to target that we want to reduce.
1) Farming community around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area clear land for agroforestry permanent agriculture without slash-and-burn practice
Forests and land clearing for the slash-and-burn shifting cultivation system, which may result in deforestation and forest fires.
2) Farming community around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area adopt the agroforestry permanent agriculture system without slash-and-burn practice Which group(s) is responsible for this behaviour and what evidence exists to support this identification? Local farmers in the two villages around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area as the primary community and farmers in the seven villages near the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area in the two regencies (West Kotawaringin and Sukamara) as the secondary community
CR 1 WHAT IS THE CONSERVATION RESULT AND TARGET? Write in the expected conservation result and conservation target name (this m be a habitat or species). The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area is sufficiently maintained and preserved as the source of life for communities around the wildlife and as an important orangutan habitat.
What evidence exists that this is a principal threat and that we can reduce it?
What evidence is there that it is a high priority for biodiversity conservation?
Some farmers from the target community still practice land clearing for shifting cultivation within the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area, which may become the main threat to the orangutan habitat. _____________________
The Assessment of Orangutan Population Survival and Its Habitat (PHVA, 2004) describes the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve as one of the important orangutan habitats.
of the forest area as the life support of the community around the forest as well as the habitat of Borneo orangutans, a national asset and pride, and the detrimental effects of land burning. ___________________ What are the attitudes we want to shift for interpesocnal communication to take place? Practice of permanent agriculture technology without slash-and-burn practice which displays more benefit, requires less time, cost and energy What knowledge is needed to increase awareness and help shift these attitudes? Knowledge on the forest’s benefits for communities around the forest Knowledge on the economic benefits of permanent agroforestry agriculture without slashand-burn for the communities around the forest
regulations on land management and encouraging the community to adopt permanent agroforestry agriculture demonstration plot without slash-andburn practice Supporting community groups adopting permanent agroforestry agriculture without slashand-burn practice ___________________ What might be some perceived benefits to the groups if behaviour change is made?
Increased production Increased income Time-efficient, costefficient and energy efficient practice Greater capability for sustained economic support
What might be some barriers stopping a change to desired behaviour?
Lack of innovator agents in the community Groups that find the change difficult (laggard) Lack of strong institution among the farming community
What evidence exists that this group lies behind the principal threat? Post-campaign survey data shows that 16.2% (123 of 379 people) in 12 villages around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve still practice shifting cultivation and clear land for slash-and-burn farming _____________________ Does baseline data exist on this group, if yes how is this data collected (measures and metrics) and how frequently? Yes. The data were collected through pre-campaign and postcampaign surveys as well as monitoring by direct tabulation survey of the community and village members. Tabulation surveys are conducted every month half a year after the campaign starts. What other groups might contribute to the threat? _____________________ A household (consisting of eight members) using farming land in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area
Does baseline data exist on this threat, if yes how is this data collected (measures and metrics) and how frequently? Early campaign survey and direct observation showed 202 households who practice shifting cultivation. Now there are still 81 households who practice slash-and-burn shifting or permanent cultivation, which result in forest fires and landcover changes as can be seen in the satellite map image. ___________________ What other threats impact this biodiversity target? Land clearing for palm tree farming, logging, and hunting on a small scale ___________________
___________________ Does baseline data exist on its current state, if yes how data is collected (measures and metrics) and how frequently? The manager of Wild Orangutan Release Camp from the Orangutan Foundation UK predicted that there are more than 200-250 orangutans in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve since orangutans were released back to the wild starting in 2001. Other local and international groups conducting research on orangutans and their habitat regularly collect data on the population estimate. What is the desired conservation result and by when? ______________ Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve is sufficiently protected and maintained as an orangutan habitat after August 2011.
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Knowledge on the benefits of the forest as the important habitat of Borneo orangutans and other wild animals
What barrier removal tools exist and how do you know they will be effective? Permanent agroforestry agriculture without slash-andburn practice has been introduced and practiced in Belantikan Hulu area, which is within the institution’s working area. The application of the system is the form replicated in this campaign. The replication in the Pride Campaign of the early demonstration plot was proven successful because the percentage of community members adopting the permanent agriculture without slash-and-burn practice exceeded the target. Further follow-up campaign will introduce the intensive technology to practice permanent agriculture without slash-and-burn practice due to the lack of understanding of applied agricullture technology towards the results analysis that slash-and-burn farming is detrimental; meetings consist of 70% practice and 30% materials. _____________________ Who will provide these tools?
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Part of the program management will be assisted by Yayorin and OFUK’s partnership program, with the support from the Central Borneo Province’s Natural Resources Conservation Association and financial support from the EU grant. The program will also be supported by relevant institutions such as instructors from the sub-district’s Department of Agriculture and Center for Agriculture Institute as well as the regency’s Department of Forestry and Department of Agriculture. ___________________
6 Using the data from above, please write a narrative articulating your Draft Theory of Change. Include one sentence stating why you think it will be effective. Max 200 words:. In order to reduce shifting cultivation and slash-and-burn farming around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and preserve, an important habitat of the Borneo orangutans, more sustainable, environmentally friendly and economically beneficial permanent agroforestry agriculture will be introduced. Local farmers will be informed on the borders for the reserve for Borneo orangutans in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve as well as the advantages of adopting permanent agroforestry agriculture system. The system, that has been developed for a year, in the theory of change will provide more sustainable income for the community around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, while at the same time preserving the forest’s life support system. The concepts of the new system will be introduced to the target community members, who will receive training and technical assistance to apply the new system until they eventually adopt and practice permanent agriculture with the agroforestry system. Because of those factors, there will be at least 50% (from 41 to 81 households) of the community who are yet to adopt permanent agriculture without slash-and-burn in the two target villages, Tempayung and Babual Baboti. This follow-up Pride Campaign will maintain the 0% rate of forest burning, and reduce the activity of the 81 HH engaged in shifting cultivation for the protection of the orangutan population’s habitat within the reserve area. Permanent agriculture and the agroforestry system have seen considerable practice by community in several locations in Indonesia. The sedentary system has been applied by the target community and can be developed in the campaign area in in the campaign location in August 2011/2013.
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IV. RarePlanet Blog 1.
One of the requirements for Rare Alumni Fund 2010 is that all applicants should upload their “Theory of Change” to the “blog” in the “Campaign Page”. RarePlanet is a social networking site which connects conservation activists around the world to help solve the greatest conservation challenges. To blog is to write short and simple articles on a web site. The following are the steps for uploading your narrative “Theory of Change” to the blog in the RarePlanet Campaign Page:
Register to get a RarePlanet Account: o Go to http://rareplanet.org/ o Click “Create an account” on the top left of the page o Fill out the registration form, upload your photo, and give a short description about yourself for the RarePlanet Community.
Once you have acquired an account, please notify the Regional Alumni Coordinators so they can assist you to connect to your campaign page
Write a blog which summarizes the “Theory of Change” follow up activities of your campaign. o Go to your campaign page o Go to the column in the centre of the page with “Blog” written on it, and then click the “Create campaign blog” link. o Write a blog about the narrative of the “Theory of Change” for your campaign follow up activities as it can be seen on the Theory of Change worksheet above. o Upload a photo which represents your campaign follow up activities. o Click “submit”
Please put check (√) here once you have completed your RarePlanet Blog: YES ______ NOTE: your application will not considered as complete until you upload your narrative to you RarePlanet blog.
V. Sustainability Assessment 11. What is the long-term strategy of your partner organization at this project site? (i.e. is there a long-range site management plan or strategic plan, is there educational outreach incorporated into this plan) To make the Permanent Agroforestry Demonstration Plot an independently-managed demonstration plot which can serve as an example for nearby local communities, increase the community’s interest in adopting permanent agriculture and support the local economy. Another essential long-term strategy is to promote the demonstration plot as the centre of assistance and instruction for communities from surrounding villages. 12. How does this project fit within that long-term strategy? This project is a series of activities within the frame of the long-term strategy. Most of the actions in the project aim to realize the long-term strategy’s target. 13. How will the project be sustained after the period of grant implementation? This project will be followed with subsequent actions with a three-year-plan, with a grant proposal for three years’ worth of activities. Every follow-up action is conducted with different approach strategy to match the developments in the community or in the District in general.
14. Please describe local matching funds or in-kind support for this project. (Line item budget details are requested below in “VI. Grant Request.” Please provide a brief narrative summary here such as staff, volunteers, administrative support, office space, local transportation provided by the partner organization or other funding source.) *Please also include as an Appendix to this Application, “Evidence of Match Support.” Evidence can be any documentation that shows the match support is valid such as: a letter of proposal acceptance from a foundation a letter of support from the local partner organization providing in-kind salary or local administration costs a letter of monetary support from a separate partner organization that has agreed to supply funding for this project Please contact Rare Alumni Fund staff for further clarification.
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VI. Grant Request 15. What is the total amount in US dollars (USD$) requested from the Rare Alumni Fund for the proposed project for a period of one-year only? (Rare Alumni Fund grants are available in any amount up to USD$10,000 for a one-year period, with the average grant amount ranging from USD$5,000-USD$10,000.) Year I (1 September 2010-31 August 2011) US$ 7,428.5 16. Are you requesting multiple year funding? (Applications may be submitted of up to USD$10,000 per year for up to 3 years, when accompanied by evidence of a long-term site strategy. If you do not request multi-year funding now, you may submit a new Application to the next Rare Alumni Fund year instead.) Yes ___ No ___ If Yes, what is the total amount in USD$ requested for Year 2 and Year 3? (Rare Alumni Fund multi-year grants will be distributed yearly after all reporting requirements are complete and the first year results are assessed.) Year II (1 September 2011-31 August 2012) US$ 13,758.4 Year III (1 September 2012-31 August 2013) US$ 14,644.4 Notes:
Some parts of this operational activities (such as Agriculture Facilitator salary, demonstration plot assistant salary, demonstration plots and operational management of transport activities) are still supported by the EU project working on conservation of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Refuge managed by the Orangutan Foundation UK partnership program in cooperation with Yayorin supported by Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam in Central Kalimantan until December 2011. To support the activities in the 2nd and 3rd year, apart from the Rare Alumni Funds grant support , Yayorin will seek other funding supports (mixed funding).
17. Please provide an itemized project budget in USD$
Column A: Please list items in categories, (i.e. “Campaign Supplies”) and then specific items (i.e. “1,000 posters”) underneath each main category heading. Suggestions are inserted below, but please feel free to add/delete rows as necessary to match your specific itemized budget. Column B: Please list your entire project budget in USD$. This number should equal the total sum of Column C + Column D. Column C: Please list the total amount you are requesting from the Rare Alumni Fund in USD$. Column D: Please show how your organization will provide the remainder of your project budget in USD$ or in-kind support. Remember to include your “Evidence of Match Support” documentation as in Question 25, where applicable.
Please attach additional Project Budget tables for Year 2 and Year 3 if applicable. Here is preview of the Rare Alumni grant proposal. In brief, some of the activities that will be supported by the Pride funding are improving knowledge, attitudes, and communication among individuals. Meanwhile the fund is for the application of the new barrier removal strategy (promotion/marketing of agricultural products, the adoption system of mixed settled farming without fuel agricultural pattern and the village policies on the land management without burning will be supported by the RARE Alumni Grant). Until December 2011 the operational management and the activities of agricultural extension and advisory services and community meetings mobilization transport are still supported by the European Union Project (EC Lamandau).
Project Budget – First Year A
C
D
Overall project cost in USD$
Amount requested from Rare Alumni Fund in USD$
The organization’s ability to provide support in the form of goods and provide the remaining budget which must be fulfilled in U.S.$
-
-
-
US$ 8,040.30
US$ 7,543.47
US$ 496.83
Equipment (i.e. laptop, projector)
US$ 423.96
-
Office & Administration (i.e. copying,
US$ 2,433.78
US$ 165.61 + US$ 258.35 US$ 2,433.78
-
US$ 430.58
US$ 264.97 +
-
Item Category (add/delete rows as necessary)
B (=C+D)
Item Description (quantity and cost per unit)
Salaries (Include specific staff position, amount of time required, salary rate)
Campaign Supplies & Materials (i.e. booklets, posters, fact sheets)
printing, postage, internet, telephone)
Conferences & Meetings
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Training & Professional Development
-
US$ 165.61 -
Local Transportation
US$ 2,517.20
US$ 2,517.20
Travel – Long-distance Transportation
-
-
Travel – Meals & Lodging
US$ 861.16
US$ 861.16
Other (Please list and explain)
US$ 264.97
US$ 264.97
-
TOTAL
US$ 14,971.95
US$ 14,475.12
US$ 496.83
-
-
Comment: For the C + D descriptions can be seen in Microsoft Excel tables –-Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Activity Fund Proposal. The follow up of the First Year - Third Year
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VII. Rare Alumni Fund Information & Deadlines 18. Documents Attached: Appendix A: Statement of Endorsement signed by partner organization representative. (THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETED IN ORDER TO SUBMIT AN APPLICATION.) Evidence of Match Support (documentation as applicable to show evidence of monetary or in-kind match to this Application, as described in Question 15) The blog has been uploaded to RarePlanet (as described in question 11. Please be sure to load the narrative part of your Theory of Change into RarePlanet blogs before submitting this completed application form. Follow-up Plan (only if required as part of initial Pride campaign work for recent Pride graduates.) 19. Grant Agreement Requirement: All successful grantees will be required to sign a non-negotiable Grant Agreement with the Rare Alumni Fund after an Application has been accepted. Funds will only be released once this contractual agreement has been signed with the partner organization. Grantees will be led through this process with a Rare Alumni Fund staff member during the month of September 2010. 20. Disbursement Procedure: Rare Alumni Fund grants will be disbursed on 31 August 2010, as laid out in the “Grant Agreement” that you, your partner organization and Rare will sign. 21. Reporting Requirements: All successful grantees will also be required to regularly communicate progress on their project through an initial survey, simple quarterly updates by way of www.rareplanet.org, and a final learning report/survey. More details on these reporting requirements can be found in the “Grant Agreement” between Rare and the recipients of Rare Alumni Funds. 22. Submission: Your completed Application must be submitted by email to the Rare Alumni Fund by July 31, 2010 in this electronic format. If you are unable to submit through email because of limited access to the internet, please contact Rare Alumni Fund staff listed below by phone/fax to work out an alternate submission. Applications should be submitted by email to:
[email protected] 23. Timeline: July 31, 2010: Applications due April-May, 2010: Rare Alumni Fund Selection Panel reviews Applications August 31, 2010: Grantees announced May-June, 2010: Alumni Grant Agreements signed and funds disbursed September 1, 2010 - 31 August 2011: Grant period 24. Rare Alumni Fund Application Contact Details: Please feel free to contact us at any time. For questions about your proposed project and how to fill out your Application: Galuh Sekar Arum Office Coordinator and Alumni Coordinator, Bogor Tel: 0251 8329449, 0815 1433 2659 Email:
[email protected]
Thank you for taking the time to complete this Application. We are eager to learn about your ideas for Rare Alumni Fund grants for 2010!
Rare Alumni Fund 2010 Appendix A: Statement of Endorsement We hereby certify that we have read all six sections of the Rare Alumni Fund Application form:
I. General Information II. Review of Initial Pride Campaign III. Theory oF Change IV. RarePlanet bLOG V. Sustainability Assessment VI. Grant Request VII. Rare Alumni Fund Information & Timeline
We also agree that to the best of our knowledge all the information submitted to the Rare Alumni Fund related to this Application is complete and accurate, and all parties are and will be supportive of this Application project should the Application be accepted. Our partner organization will fully support the implementation of this project proposed and the Applicant will be the project leader. Applicant
Partner Organisation Authorized to Sign
Signature:
Signature:
Name: Togu Simorangkir, M.Sc
Name:
Position: Yayorin Director
Position:
Date:
31st August 2010
Date:
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Bibliography Badan Planologi Kehutanan BPKH Banjarbaru, 2006. “Inventarisasi Terestris Kelompok Hutan Suaka Margasatwa Lamandau Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat dan Sukamara Luas 55.879 Ha Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Banjar Baru”. BKSDA Kalteng, 2009. Peta Wilayah Kerja Sekosi Konservasi Wilayah III Pangkalan Bun (West Kotawaringin District, East Kotawaringin District, Seruyan District, Lamandau District, and Sukamara District, Central Kalimantan Province, Scale 1:2.500.000. KSDA Central Kalimantan KSDA Center, Directorate for Forest Fires, Directorate General PHKA, Department of Forestry. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat, 2008. “Statistik Potensi Desa Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat Tahun 2007”. Published by West Kotawaringin District Statistical Center, in cooperation with West Kotawaringin District Regional Planning and Development Board. Google Earth, 2008. Coordinates and satellite images of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. Inilah.com, 2007-2008. “Penyimpangan Iklim, RI Bisa Banjir Besar”. http://www.inilah.com/news/read/2010/07/09/652851/penyimpangan-iklim-ribisa-banjir-besar/ RARE, 2008. “BUKU PEGANGAN RARE PRIDE. Panduan untuk Mengilhami Konservasi di Komunitas Anda”. ORANGUTAN FOUNDATION INTERNATIONAL, 2008. “10 Tahun Suaka Margasatwa Lamandau. Sejarah dan Pengelolaan Dalam Upaya Konservasi Orangutan. Pangkalan Bun, Kalimantan Tengah”. Santoso, E., 2010. “Laporan Hasil Pre Testing Media Cetak (Slogan, Logo, Pin, Stiker dan Spanduk)”. Santoso, E., 2010. “Laporan Hasil Pre Testing Media Pemasaran di Radio (ILM, Himbauan Bupati dan Talk show) dengan Perwakilan Masyarakat Khalayak Target”. Santoso, E., 2010. “Laporan Kemajuan Kampanye Bangga Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve” Period July 2009 to June 2010. Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia, Central Kalimantan. Santoso, E., 2010. “Laporan Kemajuan Kemajuan Barrier Removal-Demonstration Plot Kebun Campuran Menetap Tanpa Bakar di Desa Tempayung Untuk Khalayak Target Primer (Desa Tempayung dan Desa Babual Baboti)” Period July 2009 to June 2010. Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia, Central Kalimantan.
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Glossary A
: Action
Appendix 1: All kinds of wildlife that are critically endangered and which are not allowed to be traded either within or outside the designated area. BC
: Behaviour Change
BKSDA: Natural Resources Conservation Center BPP Kolam: Farmers’ Support Center, Kotawaringin Lama Sub-District BPKH : Center for Forest Stabilization BR
: Barrier Removal
BROP : Barrier Removal Action Plan BRAVO: Barrier Removal Assessment and Viability Overview Buletin SUMPITAN: ‘Community Voice On The Edge Of The Forest’ (‘Sumpitan’) is the information bulletin of Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia published once every three months and distributed freely to village communities, NGOs, Government agencies, forest companies/concessions and schools in Kalimantan, Java and Bali. CITES : Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CR
: Conservation Result
DAOP : Operational Area Dishut Kobar: The Forestry Office for Kotawaringin Barat District EC
: European Commission
FFI Aceh: Fauna Flora International – Aceh FGD
: Focus Group Discussion
HGU
: Land Use Concession
HPH : Forest Concession IC : Interpersonal Communication ILM : Public Service Announcements which in this campaign is for an advert spot on the radio IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature K KAP
: Knowledge : Knowledge - Attitude - Practice
KK
: Head of Household
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KP2KP: Office of Agricultural Support and Food Security Manggala Agni: Firemen groups that are usually called Panglima Api (Fire Commanders) under the coordination of Central Kalimantan Natural Resources Conservation Center OFUK : Orangutan Foundation United Kingdom ORID : Formulation of evaluation questions based on Observation, Reflection, Interpretation and Decision PAD
: Locally Generated Income
Proyek EC Lamandau: Project involving Orangutan Foundation United Kingdom, working in cooperation with Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia (Yayorin) with support from Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan Natural Resources Conservation Center) for the conservation of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve with funding from the European Union RDK
: Definitive Group Plan
RDKK : Definitive Group Needs Plan RTL
: Follow Up Plan
Sasaran SMART: Objectives seen in a way that is Specific, Measurable, Action, Realistic and Time Bounds. SD
: Elementary School
SDM
: Human Resources
SKW : Regional Conservation Section SMK
: Vocational Senior High School
SMSL : Suaka Margasatwa Sungai Lamandau or Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve ToC
: Theory of Change
TR
: Threat Reduction
UTEP : The University of Texas at El Paso MA
: Master of Art
N
: The number of target population sampled
YEL : Yayasan Ekosistem Leuser (Leuser Ecosystem Foundation), a foundatin whose headquarters is in Medan, North Sumatera
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Chapter 8. Campaign Activities Documentation Attachment Campaign Materials Testing Guide a. Report on Printed Media Pre -Testing (slogan, logo, Pins, Stickers and banners) Eddy Santoso-CM Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve The design process of the campaign marketing media was one of the campaign parts which took a very long process before completion. It started with making a creative summary, slogans, messages, finding vendors, coordinating with the mentors and supervisor, pre testing, printing, and finally distributing them. It took nearly four months to design Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign marketing media. Early November, the campaign marketing media, such as campaign logo pins (badges), campaign logo stickers, four themed posters and banners, were ready to print. In this phase of marketing media, it is in a form of print media, which were printed independently and with help from the printing and design vendors in Pangkalan Bun and Jakarta. The following are the results of the process of creating the media up to the stage of pre testing of each medium, starting with the slogans’ objective, preliminary design of the media, opinions about the drawings, and the core message: 1. Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Mascot Costumes The Pride Campaign mascot costumes are profiles of the campaign mascot animals which are identified with Borneo and the campaign areas. Each mascot’s name is identical to the animal, the orangutan is called Uncle Win, the Hornbill is Bili si Rangkong (Bili the Hornbill), and the deer is named Sam.. These three animals are idigenous and are a part of community life in Central Kalimantan. Orangutan as the species with the largest population in Central Kalimantan has become a symbol for this province as the city of the world’s orangutans. Rangkong as the typical bird which characterized the Dayak traditional dances are also symbols of beauty of the tribe’s houses and they are made into statues and decorations for street lamps and monuments. A deer is used as a mascot because the local people are still fond of hunting them to meet their local protein needs, and, therefore, deer hunting should be limited. The Campaign Manager then consulted with the Supervisor and Pride Mentor on this idea. When it was agreed upon, the Campaign Manager disseminated information on these mascots to his colleagues and the community. We ordered the costume in March and it was finished in June 2009. The costume description was given to the vendor Rumah Hijau in Yogyakarta. The vendor provided us with the profile figure design and when we agreed, we immediately ordered that campaign media. As soon as these media were ready, they were first used for campaign activities on the BKSDA Central Kalimantan forest and land fire, then at the anniversary event of West Kotawaringin District, for school and village visits, and an exhibition at Sukamara Fair. The mascots also became a medium of inspiration for children in colouring their pictures in the exhibition. These mascots gave a good initial impression to attract residents to attend our meetings and pay attention to what we would say. 2. Slogan Pride Campaign Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve’s slogan used is one of five proposed slogans. The five slogans were:
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Be Prudent on Our Own Land Prosper From Your Own Plantation Sedentary Farmers Are Great Farmers Without Causing Damage; Prosperous on One’s Own Land What Will You Bequeath to the Children??
Of the five consulted on with the Rare pride mentor, Be Prudent on Our Own Land has a specific meaning because it would represent the explanation of the meaning of how sedentary farming saves time, cost and effort and also maintaining the forest because they do not need to open new fields (meaning no need to move) and can also reduce the slashing and burning. It means that this slogan fits the campaign purpose, which is to reduce shifting cultivation and to encourage farmers around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve to adopt sedentary farming without slashing and burning. The pre testing result was that three ethnic groups stated that they already knew that the slogan Be Prudent on Our Own Land is associated with sedentary cultivation of land of their own without burning and adopting mixed crops. They had started adopting this system but support they received was minimal. They needed a lot of support and trainings. When asked why we use an orangutan as our logo, we answered that: the orangutan as the mascot of sedentary farming and Be Prudent On Our Own Land meant that the system could help protect the forest as its habitat, especially in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. Orangutan is also one of the animals whose existence should be protected. 3. Logo The Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign logo used now is the result of improvements and feedback given on several designs and consultations with the Pride supervisor and mentors along with the education team, before it was pre tested. Some designs produced and some corrections from the Rare Pride mentor:
PHOTOGRAPH : Baby Orangutan
ok
SLOGAN: ‐
Pins are small (sticker also has space limitation) so the institutions’ logos would not be visible, so it would be better to “crop” the orangutan’s face and “Be Prudent on Our Own Land” is to be the slogan in all materials. The design is unique, and gives a new colour to pride’s product collection. Good Job! LAYOUT: placement of images, colour, and position of the slogan is ok.
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The feedback received from the pride mentor came with the suggestion that the logos are unnecessary and the face of the orangutan should be framed in an orange circle with the slogan inside it. Creatively, I added an additional word “proud”. After consulting the supervisor about it, he agreed and the Pride mentor suggested an exclamation point after the word “bangga”. However, this made the word unclear because it can read “banggai”. And finally, we agreed not to add an exclamation point behind the word, as shown below: This logo was then pre-tested. As was with the slogan, people alreadgy knew that Be Prudent on Our Own Land was associated with cultivating their own land without burning and by adopting sedentary farming and mixed crop system. They had started adopting the system. However, support was very limited. They needed more support and training. When asked why use the orangutan as the logo, we answered: orangutan as the mascot means that sedentary farming and being prudent on one’s own land could also help protect the forest as its habitat, especially in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve . The orangutan is also an animal whose existence should be protected. 4. Logo Pins/badges The target audience really liked Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign’s logo pins. On some occasions, people in Sukamara District discussed what the meaning of the orangutan face and the phrase “Be Prudent on Our Own Land” could be. Then the community organizer from the Lamandau EC Project education team explained the meaning and purpose of the pin’s design, and finally the people understood. Moreover, the meaning and purpose of the picture and logo was also explained in a talk show on Pakuba FM. The community who were asked to give their opinions for the pin pre-testing already understood the meaning because it shares the same meaning with the pre tested logo and slogan. These pins were distributed widely at some events such as Pekan Peduli Orangutan (Orangutan Caring Week) in four target villages in the sub-districts of South Arut, namely the villages of Tanjung Putri and Tanjung Terantang, Seberang Gajah hamlet, Mendawai sub-district in RT 21, 22, 23, and Mendawai Seberang neighbourhood as well as in nine schools (6 Elementary Schools and 3 Junior High Schools). Then the pins were also distributed at SMAN 1 Kotawaringin Lama, representing Kotawaringin Hilir neighbourhood, Tempayung Village, Babual Baboti village, Environmental Conservation Generation Cadres Community Kotawaringin Barat (Genksi Kobar) and Green Organization Sukamara, The Nava SMAN 1 Pangkalan Bun, Hill Green SMAN 2 Pangakalan Bun, The Klosers SMAN 3 Pangkalan Bun, Saling Salam SMKN 1 Pangkalan Bun and Ever Green SMKN 2 Pangkalan Bun. They were also distributed as participant token in the multi stakeholder meeting on management of organic waste into compost in Sukamara also attended by the representatives of relevant agencies and farmers groups of target villages in Sukamara ie. the villages of Kerta Mulia, Pandu Rundun, Natai Sedawai of Sukamara Sub-District and Sungai Pasir Village of Pantai Luci subdistrict.
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5. Logo Stickers The stickers for Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign display an orangutan’s picture in the center of a circle, surrounded by an orange circle bearing the slogan Hemat di Lahan Sendiri (Be Prudent On Our Own Land) and to complete the information that it is a Bangga (Pride) campaign then added the word Bangga which was a result of discussion with the Rare supervisor and mentor (see picture). Prior to this design, we wanted to use a design with the words “Kami Bangga Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve “(We Are Proud of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve) circling the picture. There were four initial designs and after some discussion and inputs, then the slogan picture is used both in the stickers and pins. The stickers were displayed in the houses of the residents and shops. They were distributed to Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign’s seven target villages i.e. the villages of Tanjung Putri, Tanjung Terantang and Seberang Gajah hamlet, Mendawai and Mendawai Seberang neighbourhoods, Pudu Rundun, Tempayung, and Babual Baboti villages. 6. Posters Initially, there were three proposed themes for Bangga Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Campaign poster. In a consultation, the Pride mentor gave feedback on those three themes as follows: Poster 1 Draft: IMAGE: a farmer with his hoe, silhouette of the fields and other farmers as background • New illustrations will come in, but when they did, avoid silhouette like thisdesign model because it is visually not attractive for a poster. • It gives a gloomy impression, dark ( usually used in poster to scare people off, negative, appeal to fear); contrary to the main and supporting messages which are positive, encouraging action/ positive appeal)
SLOGAN: Be Prudent on Our Own Land reflects benefits for target group MAIN MESSAGE: Sedentary Farming Save time, cost, and energy short, compact, clear, illustrates benefits for target group •
Eliminate the quotation marks for Save time, Cost, and Energy; unless they are sort of testimony from a public figure or members of the target audience.
SUPPORTING MESSAGE: Cultivate the farmland …
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The supporting message has a selling point, explains the details of benefits to target groups (details of slogan and key message), encouraging change of attitude and behaviour. LAYOUT: Do not put the letters on the picture, and it would be better to provide space for messages. Such lay out bears the risk of making the message not clearly visible and readable for the target audience, because it is drowned out by the image. Providing a semi-transparent box between the picture and the text message would be a good solution. Alternative illustration and layout: see the sample poster about HIV &AIDS made by Asti in FHI. Every benefit of sedentary farming can be visualized in a picture with a caption underneath (in a short, compact, and clear sentence). This may attract the attention of the target audience so that they can catch the message about the benefits of sedentary farming, more easily and quickly. Draft Poster 2 IMAGE: Two outstretched hands reaching to each other, on a background of fields and people silhouettes Check whether the target groups understand the purpose of the image of two outstretched hands reaching to each other. Although it is visually not attractive as a poster illustration. Find a picture that is more ‘easily’ digestible and associated. The association (emotional benefit) of Be Prudent on Our Own Land is prosperous farmer, enough time for the family and easier life it can be associated with the image of a farmer holding his wife with a happy face, and his healthy children, or an image of a happy farmer working in his field with a hoe in his hand.
Just like in the first design, the silhouette will give a gloomy impression, dark (usually used in poster to scare people off /negative, appeal to fear); contrary to the main and supporting messages which are positive, encouraging action/ positive appeal)
SLOGAN: Be Prudent on Our Own Land Reflects the benefits for the target groups. MAIN MESSAGE: Encourage Your Relatives, Prove Sedentary Farming •
The meaning of ’prove Sedentary Farming’ is unclear, it would be better to state it to the point: encourage your relatives adopt sedentary Farming.
SUPPORTING MESSAGE: Cultivate the farmland… •
•
Inconsistent language style; kamu [You] (rude) anda [you] ( too formal?), We (the message giver is intermingled with the target audience, positioned himself as part of the target audience) or would it be better to avoid the use of the third person pronoun? The supporting message has a selling point, explains the details of benefits to target groups (details of slogan and key message), encouraging change of attitude and behaviour.
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LAYOUT: •
Pay attention to the placement of message over picture, it is jeopardizing the clarity of the message, making it visually not clear nor readable by the target audience, drowned by the image. Providing a semi-transparent box between the picture and the text message will be a good solution.
Draft Poster 3 IMAGE: a farmer with his hoe, silhouette of the fields and other farmers in the background (as in poster 1) •
See the previous comment on silhouettes. gives out a gloomy impression, dark (usually used in poster to scare people off /negative, appeal to fear); contrary to the main and supporting messages which are positive, encouraging action/ positive appeal)
SLOGAN: Be Prudent on Our Own Land Reflects the benefits to the target groups. MAIN MESSAGE: Sedentary Farming, Gives More Benefits short, precise, and clear; illustrating benefits for the target groups. All existing designs using bullet point to present the messages (and with a little simplification) will make them easier for the readers to read. SUPPORTING MESSAGE: advantageous…. • •
Avoid repeating the word “menguntungkan” (advantageous) at the beginning of every supporting sentence, because the main message has already emphasized it. The supporting message has a selling point, explained the details of benefits to target groups (details of slogan and key messages), encouraging change of attitude and behaviour
LAYOUT: •
Pay attention to the placement of message over picture, it is jeopardizing the clarity of the message, make it visually not clear nor readable by the target audience, drowned by the image. Providing a semi-transparent box between the picture and the text message will be a good solution.
•
The benefits of sedentary farming in bullet points can attract the attention of target audiences so that they can get the message about the benefits of sedentary farming more easily and quickly.
Those two comments above can also be applied to other versions of the poster. Based on the input given by the Pride Rare mentor, CM Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve soon tried to find inspiration and a new vendor who is willing to translate the creative idea from the creative summary. After some discussions, we finally met a painter in Pangkalan Bun and we gave him our creative ideas for the poster. After more than a week, the picture was finished and soon after that the layout process was carried out in a local print shop in Pangkalan Bun. After a week the layout was ready and then we consulted the Rare Pride mentor and supervisor on it. After the consultation, the poster was designated ready to print after adding Yayorin’s address to make it clear that any inquires should be addressed to this agency. There are four themes for the posters; the following is the final layout:
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a
a) Poster with the theme of Sedentary Farming Gives More Benefits. This poster has some layout improvements, not to put burning effect on the picture, but make the design identical to the other posters as follows:
b
c
d
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b) Sedentary Farming Saves Our Water Poster c) Sedentary Farming Protects Our Climate Poster d) Sedentary Farming Provides Other Forest Benefits Poster This poster design would soon be in print in December, and would be distributed in accordance with the deadline. This would make the message effective and the target audience would not get bored easily with the poster message. The poster message had been pre-tested with the following result: We implemented pre-testing for poster content with two ethnic regions (the Javanese village: Terantang Village at some RT points = RT 2,3,5,8, and Malayan village at RT 23 in the neighbourhood of Mendawai and Tanjung Putri by making FGD 5–7. All of them were farmers (male and female) and representatives of the Dayak ethnic group. All of them stated the same thing, seeing the picture fits their profile and the message clear. They liked both the poster and message. The result of the pre testing was: of all main messages and the supporting messages on the poster, the public who were asked to comment said they understood the message. When asked why sedentary farming offers more benefits, they anwered because it was close to the house, easy to maintain, cost effective, and bringing the harvest home is easier. Reason for sedentary farming save our water is that to protect the forest as the water source area, water is the source of fish which means that we are also protecting the natural fish source, during dry season there may be water shortages it will be difficult to get fresh water, and this also prevents flood. Then, for the theme of sedentary farming provides other benefits from the forest, the people gave clear responses because they know that the forest is a place of various sources of life. The next is ‘sedentary farming save our climate’, the reason is that normal climate will determine the planting season, the time for farming activities; and some people in Tanjung Putri stated that it prevents the intrusion of sea water upstream. When upstream region’s water is salty, there will be no vegetation on the river banks. Upstream areas which have plants on its banks has fresh water. 7. Puppet Show Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign puppet show was presented by the Conservation Generation Kotawaringin Barat Community (Genksi Kobar). Preparation for this puppet show took a long time, from team preparation, creating story ideas and scripts, completing the equipment and materials and creating model trees and other characters. A tryout show was presented at an exhibition to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of Kotawaringin Barat and was considered successful because there were more than 60 people interested to watch though it drizzled for a while. Some visitors to the exhibition commented on this performance as follows: Happy to see some entertainment The campaign messages were succesfully relayed to the audience; when they were tested they were able to give an answer, an indication that the message was delivered. After the test, the puppet show, which carries the messages of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Conservation Pride Campaign, performed in four target villages. This Pride Campaign was held at the same time as the Pekan Peduli Orangutan
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(Orangutan Caring Week) Event. It was planned that in January 2010 this community would be ready for the next performance after a break for regeneration (new members’ recruitment). They adopted a strategy to generate new resources. 8. Banners We agreed that the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign banner would encourage its audience by saying Sedentary Farming Gives More Benefits. After consultation with the supervisor and Pride Rare mentor it got approval to be printed, and we planned to display them in the primary target villages and some strategic locations such as speedboat jetties, in front of offices or village halls and we would always have them with us during workshop visits to the villages. According to the initial plan, three banners would be printed for the primary target villages, Tempayung and Babual Baboti. The following is the agreed upon and ready to print banner design:
Appendix. Initial Testing Research Instruments for Logo Pins, Stickers, Posters and Banners to the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign target audience. Materials Required for Practice /to be pre- tested Each medium has one drawing/design sample Variables Measured The attraction, understanding, acceptability, and encouragement • Appeal/design related to the images, layout, and language style that fits target group (farmers and palm workers) • Comprehension related to the understanding of the meaning of the slogan, the purpose of the main and supporting messages. • Acceptability suitability of visual image selection, text, format / fonts meet stickers and posters target groups’ expectation and character. • Call to action the expected follow up from the target group after being exposed to the message stickers and posters. Method Free interview and focused interview (Focus Group Discussion) Samples The sample would be selected from the ethnic representatives (Malay, Java (trans) and Dayak) 5-7 people each in 7 villages. The respondent groups would be farmer community and palm workers living around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. Total respondents would be 35 – 49 people. Respondents Demography
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• • •
Mixed, male and female Age 20 – 50 years Farmers and palm worker communities
Approximate Length of Each Interview 15-20 minutes Interview guideline: The interviews would be conducted in the target villages (samples of Malay respondents in Tanjung Putri village, Neighbourhood of Mendawai Seberang; Javanese respondents : Tanjung Terantang and Kumpai Batu Bawah Villages; Dayak respondents: Kotawaringin Hilir Neighbourhood, Babual Baboti and Natai Sedawak by using gap interview. It means that each enumerator could interview the respondent at any time in different situations and/ or to groups by focus group discussion. Each interviewer would: • Approach potential respondents, • Determine whether the respondent meets the demographic requirements to participate in the study, • Describe the study and asked the respondent for his collaboration. Then the interviewer would show the respondent the campaign media (pins, stickers, banner, and poster) to be tested. Then, he would ask questions 1 – 10 (as stated below). In the next step, the interviewer would explain the purpose and objective of a medium, its slogan content, and the message it carried and repeat the questions for each of the next media with questions that had been prepared before. Finally, the interviewer would end the interview by getting responses and inputs from the respondent. The interviewer then evaluated the result with the campaign manager, Pride mentor and supervisor as well as the team. After the evaluation, the team would make necessary improvements, and soon contacted the printing shop for designing and then printing.
SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE TRYOUT/PRE-TESTING
FOR
THE
CAMPAIGN
LOGO
PINS
/
STICKERS
Interview Date_________________________ Interviewer______________________ Pin / sticker of Be Prudent on Our Own Land Respondent Demographics Job _____________________________ Age (years) _______ Gender ______ Male ______ Female Pin / Sticker Tryout 1. First, I would like to show you this picture (photo). What picture do you think it is? 2. Now, I would like to show you the whole pin / sticker. With your own words, please tell me what the message in the pin/sticker is? 3. According to you, with this visual and text, is the pin/sticker telling you to do something?
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_____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 3a. If yes, what is it telling you to do? 4. Is this poster/stickers telling you something according to your beliefs not true? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 4a. If yes, what is it? 5. Do the people you see in this picture remind you of your friends or are these people different from your friends?? ______ 1. They are like my friends ______ 2. They are different from my friends ______ 3. Do not know 5a. If different, what makes them different? 6. Is there something you particularly like about the pin/sticker? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 6a. If yes, what is it? 7. Is there something you particularly dislike about the pin/sticker? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 7a. If yes, what is it? 8. According to you what can we do to make this pin / sticker better? 9. Are you interested in the image in this the pin / sticker? 9a. If yes, what do you think is interesting? SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR BANNER TEST/TRYOUT Interview Date_________________________ Interviewer______________________ Banner Sedentary Farming Gives More Benefits Respondent Demographics Job _____________________________ Age (years) _____________________________Gender ______ Male ______ Female Banner Try out 1. First, I would like to show you this picture (photo). What picture do you think it is? 2. Now I would like to show you the entire banner. With your own words, please tell me what is the message contained in the banner? 3. According to you, with this visual and the text, is the banner telling you to do
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something? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 3a. If yes, what does it ask you to do? 4. Is the banner _____ 1. _____ 2. _____ 3.
telling you something according to your beliefs not true? Yes No Do not know
4a. If yes, what is it? 5. Do the people you see in this picture remind you of your friends or are these people different from your friends?? ______ 1. They are like my friends ______ 2. They are different from my friends ______ 3. Do not know 5a. If different, what makes them different? 6. Is there something you particularly like about the banner? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 6a. If yes, what is it? 7. Is there something you particularly dislike about the banner? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 7a. If yes, what is it? 8. According to you what can we do to make this banner better? 9. Are you interested in the images in this the banner? 9a. If yes, what do you think is interesting? SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE TO TRYOUT /PRE-TEST THE SEDENTARY FARMING GIVES MORE BENEFITS POSTER Interview Date_________________________ Interviewer______________________ Sedentary Farming Gives More Benefits poster Respondent Demographics Job _____________________________ Age (years) _____________________________Gender ______ Male ______ Female Poster Try out 1. First, I would like to show you this picture (photo). What picture do you think it is? 2. Now, I would like to show you the whole Sedentary Farming Gives
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More Benefits poster. With your own words, please tell me what the message in Sedentary Farming Gives More Benefits is. 3. According to you, with this visual and the text, is Sedentary Farming Gives More Benefits poster telling you to do something? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 3a. If yes, what does it tell you to do? 4. Is this poster telling you something according to your beliefs not true? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 4a. If yes, what is it? 5. Do the people you see in this picture remind you of your friends or are these people different from your friends?? ______ 1. They are like my friends ______ 2. They are different from my friends ______ 3. Do not know 5a. If different, what makes them different? 6. Is there something you particularly like about the Sedentary Farming Gives More Benefits poster? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 6a. If yes, what is it? 7. Is there something you particularly dislike about Sedentary Farming Gives More Benefits poster? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 7a. If yes, what is it? 8. According to you what can we do to make this poster better? 9. Are you interested in the images in this Sedentary Farming Gives More Benefits poster? 9a. If yes, what you think is interesting? SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE TO TRYOUT /PRE-TEST SEDENTARY FARMING SAVES OUR WATER POSTER Interview Date_________________________ Interviewer______________________ Sedentary Farming Saves Our Water Poster Respondent Demographics Job _____________________________ Age (years) _____________________________Gender ______ Male ______ Female Poster Tryout
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1. First, I would like to show you this picture (photo). What picture do you think it is? 2. Now, I would like to show you the actual poster Sedentary Farming Saves Our Water. With your own words, please tell me what the message in Sedentary Farming Saves Our Water is? 2. Now I would like to show you the actual poster Sedentary Farming Saves Our Water. With your own words, please tell me what the message in Sedentary Farming Saves Our Water is. 3. According to you, with the visual and the text, is Sedentary Farming Saves Our Water poster telling you to do something? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 3a. If yes, what should you do?
_________________________________
4. Is this poster telling you something according to your beliefs not true? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 4a. If yes, what is it? _____________________________________ 5. Do the people you see in this picture remind you of your friends or are these people different from your friends?? ______ 1. They are like my friends ______ 2. They are different from my friends ______ 3. Do not know 5a. If different, what makes them different? 6. Is there something you particularly like about Sedentary Farming Saves Our Water poster? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 6a. If yes, what is it? _______________________________________ 7. Is there something you particularly dislike about Sedentary Farming Saves Our Water poster? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 7a. If yes, what is it? _____________________________________ 8. According to you what can we do to make this poster better? 9. Are you interested in the images in this Sedentary Farming Saves Our Water poster? 9a. If yes, what do you think is interesting? SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE TO TRYOUT /PRE-TEST SEDENTARY FARMING PROVIDES OTHER FOREST BENEFITS POSTER
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Interview Date_________________________ Interviewer______________________ Sedentary Farming Provides Other Forest Benefits Poster Respondent Demographics Job _____________________________ Age (years) _____________________________Gender ______ Male ______ Female Poster Tryout 1. First, I would like to show you this picture (photo). What picture do you think it is? 2. Now, I would like to show you the actual Sedentary Farming Provides Other Forest Benefits poster. With your own words, please tell me what the message in Sedentary Farming Provides Other Forest Benefits is. 2.
Now I would like to show you the actual Sedentary Farming Provides Other Forest Benefits Poster. With your own words, please tell me what the message in Sedentary Farming Provides Other Forest Benefits is.
3. According to you, with the visual and the text, is the Sedentary Farming Provides Other Forest Benefits poster telling you to do something? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 3a. If yes, what does it tell you do? ________________________________ 4.
Is this poster/sticker telling you something according to your beliefs not true? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 4a. If yes, what is it? ______________________________________
5. Do the people you see in this picture remind you of your friends or are these people different from your friends? ______ 1. They are like my friends ______ 2. They are different from my friends ______ 3. Do not know 5a. If different, what makes them different? 6. Is there something you particularly like about the Sedentary Farming Provides Other Forest Benefits Poster poster? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 6a. If yes, what is it? ________________________________________ 7. Is there something you particularly dislike about the Sedentary Farming Provides Other Forest Benefits Poster poster? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 7a. If yes, what is it? _____________________________________ 8. According to you what can you do to make this poster better?
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9. Are you interested in the images in this Sedentary Farming Provides Other Forest Benefits Poster poster? 9a. If yes, what you think is interesting? SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE TO TRYOUT /PRE-TEST SEDENTARY FARMING PROTECTS OUR CLIMATE POSTER Interview Date_________________________ Interviewer______________________ Sedentary Farming Protects Our Climate Poster Respondent Demographics Job _____________________________ Age (years) _____________________________Gender ______ Male ______ Female Poster Tryout 1. First, I would like to show you this picture (photo). What picture do you think it is? 2. Now, I would like to show you the actual Sedentary Farming Protects Our Climate Poster. With your own words, please tell me what the message in Sedentary Farming Protects Our Climate is. 3. According to you, with the visual and the text, is Sedentary Farming Protects Our Climate poster telling you to do something? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 3a. If yes, what does it tell you to do? _______________________________ 4. Is this poster telling you something not true according to your beliefs? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 4a. If yes, what is it?_______________________________________ 5. Do the people you see in this picture remind you of your friends or are these people different from your friends?? ______ 1. They are like my friends ______ 2. They are different from my friends ______ 3. Do not know 5a. If different, what makes them different? 6. Is there something you particularly like about Sedentary Farming Protects Our Climate poster? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 6a. If yes, what is it? _______________________________ 7. Is there something you particularly dislike about Sedentary Farming Protects Our Climate poster? _____ 1. Yes
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_____ 2. No _____ 3. Do not know 7a. If yes, what is it? ________________________________ 8. According to you what can we do to make this poster better? 9. Are you interested in the images in this Sedentary Farming Protects Our Climate poster? 9a. If yes, what you think is interesting? * THANK THE PARTICIPANTS FOR THEIR TIME * b. Report on the Result of Pre-Testing of Marketing Media by Radio (Public Service Announcements, District Head Appeal and Talk show) on the Representatives of the Target Audience Eddy Santoso- Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Campaign Manager One of the marketing media produced to effectively deliver the Pride Campaign message on Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve conservation is a radio program. According to survey results, there were two radio stations more attractive to the audiences i.e. Pakuba FM for adult listeners (mostly farmers groups) and Primadona FM for younger listeners and a few adult groups (mostly not farmers). The messages of the campaign were presented in 3 different spots i.e. Public Service Announcement (PSA), Talk show, and District Head Appeal. In October a message suitability test was carried out in the primary target audience in which ethnic Dayaks were dominant and secondary target which consists of ethnic Malay and settlers from Java. The following is the result of the test on each spot gathered from several meetings with the communities. 1) PSA a)
Ethnic Dayak (primary target audience) According to the Dayak community in the target villages (Tempayung and Babual Baboti), it would have been better to use their local language as it would make it more down to earth. After some comment that listeners would not be Dayak people only, they understood. They suggested using Indonesian because then everyone would understand. Because the PSA was broadcast in a station whose announcer and staff had strong Javanese accent although speaking Indonesian, we asked the audience of around 30 people what they thought about this. They said that it did not matter because as long as it was in Indonesian they would still understand and get the message.
b) Ethnic Malay
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This also happened with the ethnic Malays. They also have the same opinion as the Dayak. They understood that the listeners come from various ethnicities and they agreed that the PSA was in Indonesian. The Malay local target whose opinion we asked were people from the village of Tanjung Putri, Mendawai Neighbourhood in Arut Selatan, and Kotawaringin Hilir in Kotawaringin Lama. c)
Settlers (Javanese) For the settlers from Java there wasn’t any problem at all. Most of them were Pakuba FM listeners in Kotawaringin Barat. The problem was that the radio signal was not clear. Sometimes, people couldn’t even hear it. Our strategy was to tell them during our visit to the village as well as in the meeting held by the Community Organizer.
Note: The process of producing the PSA started with a discussion on creative ideas between the Campaign Manager, Pride Mentor, and the Director of Pakuba FM about the intrusion of sea water into the river’s upstream area caused by the deforestation in the estuary and the surrounding forest so that there is nothing to hold sea water back. The water couldn’t stay fresh because of land clearing using slash-and-burn for farmland expansion. Because of this we finally named the program Kopi Asin PSA. After the Pakuba FM got the idea, they designed the PSA. After some consultation, the design underwent various small changes. This PSA underwent three improvement processes, from the campaign program support, content of message and language style. The process took a week and finally, this November, the PSA could be broadcast. 2. Talk Show The outline of the talk show did not get through a try out. In the production process, as the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Manager I drew up terms of reference (ToR). These were based on experiences of my friend, the campaign manager of Ujung Kulon National Park, which I heard through my Pride Mentor from RARE during a monitoring visit. After around a week I finished the ToR and after recommendation from supervisor and Rare Pride Mentor, I went to see the people at Radio Pakuba FM. They gave us a discount on the production cost. The talk show would be broadcast 6 times in 3 months, twice a month, every second and fourth week. The topics of the talk show would be introducing the management, problems, and potential benefits of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, Sedentary Cultivation is More Profitable with Be Prudent on Our Own Land, Our Forest Absorbs Carbon and Prevents Climate Change, and The Involvement of the Community in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Conservation. The sources would be the officials of BKSDA Kalimantan Tengah – SKW II, Yayorin Agriculture Facilitator and Yayorin Carbon Forest Community Team accompanied by Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Manager. We gave them the ToR and would inform them should there be changes either in the time or content. Before the launch, the radio would promote it with an emphasis on how there would be a talk show with discussion material each week. And we did the same. We phoned and texted eveybody to tell them that there would be a talk show they could listen to. The talk show interested the target audience, in particular for learning about the management of the area around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and agriculture.
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3. Head of District’s Appeal The District Head Appeal is believed to be the ultimate trusted voice. The audience would listen to him and heed his appeal. From the KAP survey, the District Head had 78.6% of the respondents strongly trusted him (298 from 379 respondents interviewed in 12 villages around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve). Based on that, we created the District Head Appeal to encourage the community to conserve the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest by practicing sedentary agriculture without slashing-and-burning and leave the culture of slashing-andburning shifting cultivation. We started the process by asking a contact person to take us to see the District Head. For this occasion we would like to invite the Head of Kotawaringin Barat District to appeal to the community around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. We contacted his assistant to get the procedure to make the appeal. According to the assistant, we needed to talk to the public relations office of the local government first. After a coordination with the Head of Public Relations Office of Kotawaringin Barat District, we established the time and formulated the draft of the appeal. After a week of coordination work, we recorded the appeal directly from the District Head’s office. The result would be processed by Pakuba FM and broadcasted in January 2010. We also proposed to have it aired in the Primadona FM together with the Kopi Asin PSA. The draft script of the Kopi Asin PSA and the Head of District’s Appeal S
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Terms of Reference for the Talk Show
Terms of Reference Participative Forest Area Management Through Pride Campaign on Nature Conservation Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
Radio Program Public Service Announcements and Talk show on Conserving Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Forest Background Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest is a nature conservation area which stradles two local government Districts, Kotawaringin Barat and Sukamara. The area was designated as protected because it has several functions such as wildlife habitat, springs protection, supply of non-wood produce (honeybee, rattan, jelutung), it absorbs carbon dioxide, and sustains the livelihoods of people in the 12 villages in the area. Its existence also promotes socio-cultural unity among most of the communities there. Moreover, Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve is one of the remaining lowland forests left in Southern part of Central Kalimantan and its Wildlife Reserve status is the habitat of Kalimantan’s orangutan, the famous wild animal and the mascot for Central Kalimantan Tengah and for Indonesia. The existence of orangutan which has managed to survive up to now, can not be separated from its habitat which still sustains its life. However, there are many problems threatening the conservation of the environment of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. There are five problems threatening the orangutan habitat and the wildlife in and around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. They are forest fires, clearing the wood, deforestation, poaching and water contamination. From the five problems mentioned, the main problem which needs thorough consideration is the clearing of forest. This leads to forest fires and to deforestation, poaching and water contamination. It can lead to fire in the forest because they clear the new land by burning the existing trees and this can happen every year. This occurs in and around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and may go unmonitored. people do it because of the lack of understanding of the functions of the forest in terms of livelihoods and of land management for sedentary cultivation which doesn’t use fire. To tackle these problems, Yayorin together with its partners have taken many preventive for almost 3 years. These actions are education on conservation, school visits, instruction and various meetings with the community along with building demonstration plots and agricultural extensions so that the community know more about the importance of the forest for their livelihoods and sedentary cultivation as a solution to conservation problems in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest and increasing the harvest and the threats to this when the forest is damaged. However, the results are still far from optimal. Therefore, Yayorin together with its partners seek alternative media to support spreading information on forest conservation, and one of them is through radio. Radio is chosen because it has the wider scope, is more effective, efficient, and accepted by the community. A quantitative survey which was done by Yayorin in March 2009 found that radio is a source of information which is used most by the community around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve (approximately 43,37 % of the respondents).
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The preferred time allocation to listen to the radio is in the morning 6.00 to 9.00 am (55.6%), in the evening 6.00 to 9.00 pm (44.4%), and at night 9 pm to midnight (33.3%). The most popular program type among the listeners is music (55.7%) and it is popular among the 35 to 43 age group, and most of them are male listeners (56.1%) and the female listeners are only 53.8%. The audiences from 12 target villages are fond of radio programs making it one of the most effective ways to deliver the message. To reach the entire community, it is more effective if we use Primadona FM radio. Whereas for special target (the farmers) we use Pakuba FM radio (33.3%). Therefore, the dissemination of information related to the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign is more effectively done with radio in the form of public service announcements and talk shows which can reach the audience while they are tuning in to listen to music. Objectives of the program The program is intended to: 1. Deliver and increase the knowledge of the community in terms of the messages about the use of forest to sustain their livelihoods and the importance of sedentary cultivation as an alternative means of supporting their economy and conserving the forest. 2. Increase the awareness of the community on the importance of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve protection and conservation. 3. Encourage the community to adopt sedentary cultivation using a mixed plantation model on their own land. 4. Attract active participation from various parties to take part in conserving the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. Target of the program The target of the program is the whole community but mainly the farmers who work within and outside the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area (farmers, entrepreneurs, cattlemen). Most of them are aged between 21 and 45 and live in 12 villages, namely Mendawai, Mendawai Seberang, Kumpai Batu Bawah, Tanjung Terantang, Tanjung Putri in Arut Selatan, Kotawaringin Hilir, Tempayung, Babual Baboti in Kotawaringin Lama, Kartamuli, Natai Sedawak, Pudu Rundun in Sukamara, and Sungai Pasir in Pantai Lunci. The expected results These are laid out in the SMART objective results outline (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time based) including the following: (attached)
By the end of 2009 the demonstration plot had been built in one of the two target villages. By the beginning of 2010, 100 farmers from 2 target villages had joined the mixed plantation model training. By March 2010, 90% of the 100 farmers from 2 target villages that had already joined the training started to implement the mixed plantation model on their own land outside the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. By June 2010, 50% (88 HH) of shifting cultivation farmers from 2 target villages had adopted the mixed plantation model as demonstrated by sedentary cultivation plot.
Activities Public Service Announcements (PSA) and Talk Show. Mechanism
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Public Service Announcements will be produced by the radio station with Yayorin providing the creative idea and the ToR for the PSA and for the talk show in the radio. Time The radio program is scheduled to be implemented in 3 months, starting November 2009. If there is any delay, it will be confirmed and if there is any information that should be delivered, there will be a coordination for the follow up. Program organizer The activity will be organized by Yayorin, Pakuba FM, and Primadona FM Radio with different time allocations as a form of mutual cooperation between NGOs and the private sector. Description of the program Radio program was planned as follows: (attached). Information delivered (key messages) 1. Functions or important benefits of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve for the community and the ecological system. 2. One of the lowland forests left in Central Kalimantan and the important habitat for the orangutan and other wildlife. 3. The threads in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, particularly clearing the wood in the area for the shifting cultivation by burning the trees and the impacts of this. 4. Efforts that can be made together to conserve Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. 5. Implement sedentary cultivation and also the mixed plantation model on their own land so they do not clear land in the forest and so there is a decrease in burning the forest. 6. Sedentary cultivation by mixed plantation model considered as alternative livelihood that can provide more benefits in terms of prosperity and forest conservation. Information delivered (key messages) 1. Sedentary cultivation gives more benefits. 2. Sedentary cultivation protects our springs. 3. Sedentary cultivation allows other benefits of the forest. 4. Sedentary cultivation protects us from climate change. Monitoring and Evaluation The aim of monitoring and evaluation is to know the level of effectiveness of every program and the results achieved based on the objectives of the program. Moreover, the evaluation is carried out to analyze the obstacles to, or the sustainability of the program to be used in the next identical program. The evaluation and monitoring is carried out during the activity and at the end of the activity. The radio program is evaluated based on: 1. How is doing the broadcasting? Does it already keep to the schedule? 2. What is the listener reaction to the radio program based on the rating and direct response from the listener? 3. What are the obstacles or problems in the preparation and realization of the radio program? The benefits of the collaboration 1. Yayorin Had the opportunity to disseminate information about Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign messages through the radio.
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The message of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign can be delivered widely and effectively. The information on biodiversity, culture, and Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve management can be delivered to a wide audience. Get the partners to work together which can attract other parties to join activities aimed at conserving Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve.
2. Pakuba FM Radio One of the talk show programs in Pakuba FM Radio could be organized professionally by Yayorin together with its partners (Pakuba FM and SKW II BKSDA Kalteng). Had the opportunity to participate in supporting the conservation program to protect the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. The participation of Pakuba FM Radio in spreading the message of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign locally, nationally, and internationally by attaching the Pakuba FM logo on all printed media and the report to the donor or Yayorin. Get the news which is related to the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, because the campaign manager will help to give the ideas or information directly or not.
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TIME FRAMEWORK (tentative)
Pakuba FM Radio Program Public Service Announcement and Talk show on Conserving Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Forest No
Topics
1
Public Service Announcements
2
About Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve (Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve)
3
The benefits of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest and its supporting forest in conserving the surrounding nature and community.
4
Our forest absorbs the carbon and prevents the climate change.
Material Functions of the Forest; Sedentary cultivation in our own field outside the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve is more profitable and also conserving the forest; Diciplinary action on illegal logging and clearing the forest in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve; promote the slogan “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” and the main messages. Give the information the audiences on the history of the area, status, managing the area, potential benefit, the biodiversity, and the importance of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve to human life; promote the slogan and the main messages. Inform and discuss several benefits of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve in conserving the spring water and the irrigation, protecting our climate, and providing the other potential benefit other than wood and giving us the benefit of sedentary cultivation and the slogan “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” and the main messages. Inform and discuss the benefits of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest and its supporting forest which are able to provide spring and irrigation, preventing the intrusion of sea water, protecting our climate or the temperature changes around us (CO Community Forest Carbon Project).
Activities
Time
Sources
Week 1st week of November 2009 to 4th week of January 2010 (4x per day in the music program and the talk show)
Week November 2009 to January 2010
Interactive talk show followed by public service announcement on sedentary cultivation taking a part in conserving the forest.
3rd week
22 November 2009
Head of SKW II and Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Manager
Interactive talk show followed by public service announcement on sedentary cultivation taking a part in conserving the forest.
4th week
29 November 2009
Head of SKW II and Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Manager
Interactive talk show followed by public service announcement on sedentary cultivation taking a part in conserving the forest.
2nd week
13 December 2009
Community Outreach Project Yayorin Community Carbon Forest and Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Manager
Public Service Announcement is presented in the form of edutainment, drama, and has the characteristic of raising the awareness.
Creative idea = Yayorin and creative spot = Pakuba FM
Repeats the benefits of sedentary cultivation and the slogan “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” and the main messages (Sungai Lamandau Wildlife
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5
Sedentary cultivation – Economic in time, cost, and energy.
6
Head of District’s appeal to conserve the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest and having sedentary cultivation to conserve the forest
7
Sedentary cultivation technique and mixed plantation model.
8
Illustration of the activity on community’s involvement in supporting the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve conservation
Reserve) Give the illustration on the benefits of sedentary cultivation which is more economic in our own field and its support to Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest conservation; inform the meaning of the slogan “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” and its main messages. Inform the benefits of conserving Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest from the environment point of view and economic, social, and cultural benefit of the community around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and promote the slogan “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” and the benefits of sedentary cultivation in protecting the forest and also its main messages. Encourage and invite the target community to do sedentary cultivation in their own field and lessen burning the forest; promote the slogan “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” and the main messages. Inform to the community on how to participate to conserve Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve collectively or individually and its benefit when taking a part; promote the slogan “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” and the main messages.
Interactive talk show followed by public service announcement on sedentary cultivation taking a part in conserving the forest.
Public service announcement in the form of news article which has the characteristic of asking the audience to do it.
4th week
1st week to 4th week of January 2010 (4x per day in the music program and the talk show)
27 December 2009
Yayorin Agricuture Facilitator and Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Manager
January 2010
Head of District with creative idea from Yayorin dan creative spot = Pakuba FM
Interactive talk show followed by public service announcement on sedentary cultivation taking a part in conserving the forest.
2nd week
10 December 2010
Yayorin Agriculture Facilitator and Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Manager
Interactive talk show followed by public service announcement on sedentary cultivation taking a part in conserving the forest.
4th week
24 Januay 2010
Head of SKW II and Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign Manager
148
TIME FRAMEWORK (tentative)
Primadona FM Radio Program Public Service Announcements and Talk show on Conserving Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Forest No
Topics
1
Public Service Announcement
2
Head of District’s appeal to conserve the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest and having sedentary cultivation to conserve the forest
Material Functions of the Forest; Sedentary cultivation in our own field outside the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve is more profitable and also conserving the forest; Diciplinary action on illegal logging and clearing the forest in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve; promote the slogan “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” and the main messages. Inform people of the benefits of conserving Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest from the environment point of view and economic, social, and cultural benefit of the community around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and promote the slogan “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” and the benefits of sedentary cultivationin protecting the forest and also its main messages.
Activities Public Service Announcement is presented in the form of edu-tainment, drama, and has the characteristic of raising the awareness.
Public service announcement in the form of news article which has the characteristic of urging the audience to do something.
Time Week 1st week January to 4th week of May 2010 (4x per day in every music program)
1st to 4th week of April 2010 (become the 4th message of the PSA)
Month/Year February to April 2010
May 2010
Sources Creative idea = Yayorin and Creative spot = Primadona FM (for Pangkalan Bun local accent)
Head of District
150
Research Instruments to Pre Test the Message of the ”Kopi Asin” PSA, Talk Show and the Head of District’s Appeal by Radio with the Respondents in the Pride Campaign’s Target Community in and around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. Components needed to practice / to be tested Each media has one illustrative example. Variables measured Attractiveness, understanding, acceptability and call to action
Attractiveness of the design related to the illustration, layout, language style which is suitable for the target group (farmer and palm plantation worker). Understanding related to the understanding of the meaning of the slogan, the main messages and the sub-messages. Acceptability the suitability of visual images, text, fonts, and also the stickers and posters which should match the target group’s expectation. Call to action the expected follow up from the target group is already stated in the stickers and posters.
Method Interview and Focus Group Discussion Samples Samples are taken from representatives of various ethnicities (Malay, Java and Dayak) each of them will consist of 5 – 7 respondents from 7 villages. The respondents will be farmers and palm plantation workers around Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. Total respondents will be 30 people at the most. Demography of the Respondents Male and female Aged between 20 to 50 years Farmer and palm plantation worker Estimated time for each interview 15-30 minutes Interview guidance The interview will be carried out in the target villages (sampling of Malay respondents will cover Tanjung Putri and Mendawai Seberang villages; for the Javanese respondents, Tanjung Terantang and Kumpai Batu Bawah villages; respondents from Dayak ethnic group, Kotawaringin Hilir, Babual Baboti, and Natai Sedawak villages by using informal interview which means the enumerators can interview the respondents anytime and in different situations or in the focus group discussions. Each interviewer will:
approach the potential respondent, decide whether the respondent fulfils the demographic participate in the research, explain about the research and ask her / him to participate.
requirements
to
Then the interviewers will show the campaign media that is being tested to the respondents (pins, stickers, banners, and posters). They will ask 10 questions (as detailed below). The interviewers will explain the purpose of the media, the content of the slogan, the messages carried by the media and repeat the prepared questions for each media presented.
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By the end, the interviewers have collected the responses and suggestions from the respondents. They will evaluate them together with the Campaign Manager, Pride instructor and supervisor and also the team. After this evaluation, they will make the revisions and contact the printing agency to redesign and then produce them. Example of Questionnaire for Try Out/Pre-testing of ”Kopi Asin” version of Public Service Announcements on the radio Interviewer
Date of Interview Public Service Announcement - ”Kopi Asin” version Respondent’s Demographics Employment Age (years)
Gender
______
Try Out of Pin/Sticker 1. First I want to give you something to listen to using this computer. What do you think the message is about? 2. Do you think the message delivered makes you understand and want to try to do the activity? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Don’t Know 3. If ‘yes’, what does the message invite you to do? 4. Is the language used in this Public Service Announcement clear and understandable to the client? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Don’t Know 4a. If ‘yes’, what is it? 4b. If ‘no’, what is it?
____________ ____________
5. Is there anything you like about this Public Service Announcement (”Kopi Asin” version)? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Don’t Know 6a. If ‘yes’, what? 6. Is there anything specific that you don’t like about this Public Service Announcement? _____ 1. Yes _____ 2. No _____ 3. Don’t Know 6a. If ‘yes’, what? 7. What do you think can be done to make this message sound better? 8. Do you think this Public Service Announcement is interesting? 8a. If ‘yes’, what is it you think is interesting about it?
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* THANK THE PARTICIPANT FOR THEIR TIME * 2. Survey Questionnaire
a. Pre-Campaign Survey Questionnaire (1) Questionnaire Number: ________________ OPINION SURVEY ON THE SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT IN THE AREA AROUND SUAKA MARGASATWA, SUNGAI LAMANDAU Introduction Assalamu'alaikum/ Good Morning / Afternoon / Evening, may name is .................. people usually call me ................... and I am helping Yayorin and KPEL to gather data on forest in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve (Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve) area and about the way the local community manages the land. We would very much appreciate your participation in this survey by answering a few questions. Whatever information you provide will be handled in the strictest confidence. Neither your name nor your answers will be shown to any other person except for those working on this survey. Your responses will help us to plan and implement our program. Your participation in this survey is voluntary. You can opt to not answer questions that are asked. There are no right and wrong answers. Indeed your opinions are very important to us and we hope that you can help us in this matter. May I start the interview now? Does the respondent agree to be interviwed? (If ‘no’, the interview ends) [ ] Yes
Part 1 Background Information completed by the person conducting the survey. Enumerators [ ] Fadlik Al Iman [ ] Indra Irwansyah [ ] Riyandoko [ ] Woko [ ] Edi Sumanto [ ] Eko Joko P [ ] M Chairul [ ] Teguh K P [ ] Bani [ ] Eva Febriani [ ] Rozi [ ] Pradana [ ] Melita Ruchiyat [ ] Rois Majid [ ] Eddy Santoso [ ] lain-lain ________________ Village being surveyed? [ ] Mendawai (neighbourhood) [ ] Mendawai Seberang (neighbourhood) [ ] Kumpai Batu Bawah Village [ ] Tanjung Terantang Village [ ] Tanjung Putri Village [ ] Kotawaringin Hilir (neighbourhood) [ ] Tempayung Village [ ] Babual Baboti Village [ ] Kartamulia Village [ ] Natai Sedawak Village [ ] Pudu Rundun Village[ ] Sei Pasir Village [ ] Kotawaringin Hulu (neighbourhood) [ ] Baru (neighbourhood) [ ] Padang-Sukamara (neighbourhood) [ ] Kumpai Batu Atas Village [ ] Raja Seberang (neighbourhood) Period of Survey [ ] Baseline - Campaign Area [ ] Baseline - Comparison Area [ ] Post- Campaign - Comparison
[ ] Post- Campaign - Campaign
Respondent’s gender [ ] Male [ ] Female
Part 2 Social-Economic and Demographic Questions (2) How old are you? ________________
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(3) In your community, what group are you a member of (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] shifting cultivation farmer [ ] sedentary cultivation farmer [ ] river fisher [ ] sea fisher [] village official [ ] teacher [ ] rubber farmer [ ] palm farmer [ ] Others ________________ (A) If you are a farmer, where is the land that you work on? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] 200 metres from my house [ ] 200 metres from the boundary of SMS Lamandau [ ] 500 metres from my house [ ] 500 metres from the boundary of SMS Lamandau [ ] 1 Kilometre from my house [ ] 1 Kilometre from the boundary of SMS Lamandau [ ] Other ________________ (B) If you are shifting cultivation farmer or rubber farmer with whom do you work the land? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] family [ ] relatives [ ] neighbours [ ] PPL Farming [ ] Other ________________ (C) What kind of farming activity are you engaged in either as an individual or in a group? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] non-irrigated field [ ] rice field [ ] mixed crop plantation [ ] a plantation next to your house [ ] Other ________________ (D) What crop or product do you most often grow to sustain your family’s economy? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] fruit [ ] horticulture (sayuran dan palawija) [ ] rice [ ] rubber [ ] palm [ ] pepper [ ] wood [ ] Others ________________ (E) Who owns the plot of land you farm? [ ] I do [ ] I rent it [ ] I work on someone else’s land ________________
[ ] parents
(F) How big is the plot of land you farm? [ ] 1 Hectare [ ] 2 Hectares [ ] 3 Hectares [ ] 5 Hectares [ ] 10 Hectares [ Hectares [ ] Other ________________
[ ] Other
]
di
atas
10
(G) To date where has the produce of your farming been marketed? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] Sold to the caterers at the palm oil factory [ ] Sold at the market [ ] Sold to neighbours [ ] Not sold, for own needs only [ ] Other ________________ (4) Jika anda dalam kelompok, apa posisi/jabatan anda? (pilihan bisa lebih dari satu) [ ] village chief [ ] neighbourhood leader [ ] head of a cooperative [ ] member of a farmers’ group [ ] village government official [ ] memeber of a cooperative [ ] Other ________________ (5) What is your level of formal education? [ ] Elementary School [ ] Junior High School [ ] Senior High School [ ] Higher/Tertiary Education [ ] Did not graduate Elementary School [ ] No formal schooling [ ] Other ______________ Part 3 Reliable Sources Of Information and Access/Exposure to Media (6) I am going to read out some sources of information about the management of land in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area, please indicate the degree to which you trust each source of information: (A) Head Of District (Regent) [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(B) Deputy Head Of District (Regent) [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
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(C) Agriculture Office [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(D) BIPPK [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(E) Plantations Office [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(F) Forestry Office [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(G) KPEL [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(H) Yayorin [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(I) WE [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(J) OFI [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(K) Relatives [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(L) Friends [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(7) Now I am going to read out some sources of information about forest conservation in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area, please indicate the degree to which you trust each source of information. (A) BKSDA Kalteng-SKW II [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(B) Forestry Office [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(C) Head of District [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(D) Deputy Head of District [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(E) Agriculture Office [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(F) KPEL [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(G) Yayorin [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(H) OFI [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(I) WE [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(J) Relatives [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
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(K) Friends [ ] Most Believable [ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable
[ ] Not Believable
[ ] Don’t Know
(8) In the last two months from what media have you received your information from (You can choose more than one answer)? [ ] radio ] noticeboard [ ] newspaper [ ] magazines or bulletins [ ] Others ____________ (9) If you answered ’radio’, which station do you like to listen to? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] Pakuba FM [ ] Primadona FM [ ] Maruba FM [ ] Rageka FM [ ] Sukamara FM [ ] Other ________________ (10) At what times do you normally listen to the radio? [ ] 06.01 - 09.00 WIT [ ] 09.01 - 12.00 WIT [ ] 12.01 - 15.00 WIT [ ] 15.01 - 18.00 WIT 18.01 - 21.00 WIT [ ] 21.01 - 24.00 WIT [ ] lain-lain ________________
[
]
(11) Which type of radio program do you like to listen to? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] music [ ] greetings and messages [ ] news [ ] talk shows [ ] advertisements [ ] Others ________________ (12) Out of the daily newspapers available in Central Kalimantan, which one do you often read? [ ] Borneo News [ ] Radar Sampit [ ] Kalteng Pos [ ] Dayak Pos [ ] Marunting Batu Aji [ ] Other ________________ (13) What activities do you most often do in your spare time? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] gather with your family [ ] sport or exercise [ ] religious study [ ] organising [ ] go to the market [ ] check your field/plantation [ ] Others ________________ (14) How does your community discuss ideas that its members have? [ ] discussed in a village meeting [ ] discussed in a religious meeting [ ] discussed in a group meeting [ ] discussed by the heads of groups [ ] Other ________________ Part 4 Placing Respondents in terms of Behaviour Change Stages (15) I am going to read six statements about the management of farmland. Choose the statement that is closest to your opinion. Here are the statements: [ ] During the last month, I haven’t thought about stopping my use of slash and burn approach in my management of the land for farming [ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of slash and burn approach in my management of the land for farming, but I haven’t done so yet [ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of slash and burn approach in my management of the land for farming and I intend to do so in the future [ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of slash and burn approach in my management of the land for farming and I intend to do so in the future. I have also spoken to other people about this. [ ] In the last month, I have already managed the land for farming without moving but I have still used the slash and burn approach each time I wanted to plant something. [ ] In the last month, I have already managed the land for farming without moving but and without using the slash and burn approach on the land.
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(16) I am going to read six statements about your role along with the community in making use of land. Choose the statement that is closest to your opinion. Here are the statements: [ ] During the last month, I haven’t thought about cultivating treeless and dry land [ ] During the last month, I have thought about cultivating treeless and dry land, but I haven’t done so yet [ ] During the last month, I have thought about cultivating treeless and dry land and I intend to do so in the future [ ] During the last month, I have thought about cultivating treeless and dry land and I intend to do so in the future. I have also spoken to other people about this. [ ] In the last month, I have already cultivated treeless and dry land several times. [ ] In the last month, I have always been cultivating treeless and dry land.
(17) I am going to read five statements about about the presence of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. Choose the answer that is most suitable. [ ] I have no idea what the advantages of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area are. [ ] During the last 6 months, I haven’t thought that the presence of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area has any importance in my life [ ] During the last 6 months, I have thought that the presence of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area is important and there should be efforts made to conserve it. [ ] During the last 6 months, I have been involved several times in efforts to conserve the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area, for example planting trees, conservation education, discussions with KPEL [ ] I am always involved in all efforts to conserve the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area Part 5 Set Baseline for Change for the SMART objectives for Knowledge and their Measurement (18) What do you know to be the functions of the forest in general? (there can be more than one answer) [ ] Water storage [ ] Carbon storage [ ] place for spawning fish [ ] A habitat for animals and wildlife [ ] A source of timber [ ] Provides a farming livelihood [ ] A source of food [ ] Others ________________ (19) Who is most responsible for taking care of forest conservation? [ ] farmers [ ] the whole community [ ] local government ] forest rangers [ ] Other ________________
[ ] NGOs
[ ] BKSDA [
(20) Which of the following do you think can damage the conservation of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] logging [ ] planting trees [ ] shifting cultivation using slash and burn [ ] managing and monitoring the forest [ ] sedentary farming [ ] burning the forest and huntin [ ] storage and cleansing of water [ ] protect the Suaka Margasatwa forest [ ] Others ________________ (21) Based on your own observations, what activities are carried out by the community here? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] harvest timber [ ] catch fish [ ] harvest rubber/resin [ ] harvest fruit [ ] clear land for farming [ ] hunting [ ] Others ________________ (22) Which of the following do you think are forest conservation activities? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] replant the forest [ ] make a forest nursery [ ] join in with forest rehabilitation activities [ ] clear woodland for plantations and field [ ] look for firewood [ ] refrain from harvesting plants or hunting wildlife [ ] Others ________________
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(23) Mention two things that you think are the biggest benefits of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area? ________________ (24) What influence does damaged forest have on farming activities? ________________ (25) What are the links between damage to the Suaka Margasatwa Lamandau area and the intrusion of sea water (mention 2 links)? ________________ (26) Do you know that sedentary farming and mixed crops plantations can decrease the pressure to clear woodland to creat land for farming? [ ] I know [ ] not sure [ ] don’t know (27) From whom did you find out about the protected area of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] friends [ ] KPEL [ ] Yayorin [ ] OFI [ ] relatives [ ] forest workers [] local government [ ] Others ________________ (28) Do you know where the boundary between the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve dengan batas desa anda? [ ] I know [ ] not sure [ ] don’t know (29) Who manages and monitors the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] BKSDA Kalteng-SKW II [ ] KPEL [ ] Tanjung Puting National Park [ ] Forestry Office [ ] Head of District [ ] Others ________________ Part 6 Questions On Attitudes for Objective Measurement (30) For you, conserving the forest (A) Is a waste of time [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree
[ ] Disagree
[ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(B) Is for protecting the habitats of wild animals (protected species) [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(C) Is to sustain the life of the community in and around the forest [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(D) Is the responsibility of the whole community [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree
[ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(E) Is the work of forestry workers and environmental NGOs [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(F) Guarantees a clean water supply [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree
[ ] Disagree
[ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(G) Prevents climate change [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree
[ ] Disagree
[ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(31) Now I am going to read out some statements. Please indicate the degree to which you agree with each one, ranging from Agree strongly, Agree, Disagree to Strongly Disagree or Don’t Know. (A) The forest has functions that are important to people [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(B) We must take responsibility together to protect the integrity of the forest area [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree [ ] Don’t Know
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(C) The community must be involved in efforts to preserve the forest [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(D) Clearing land in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area will not cause us many problems [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree [ ] Don’t Know (E) A system of mixed crops plantation farming requires us to clear the forest land [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree [ ] Don’t Know (32) Now I am going to read out some statements. Please indicate the degree to which you agree with each one, ranging from Beneficial, Neutral to Not so beneficial or Don’t Know/Unsure. (A) Setting up a mixed crops plantation on your own land [ ] Beneficial [ ] Normal [ ] Not so beneficial [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (B) Training for the community on setting up a mixed crops plantation [ ] Beneficial [ ] Neutral [ ] Not so beneficial [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (C) Involving the community in protecting the forest in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area [ ] Beneficial [ ] Neutral [ ] Not so beneficial [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (D) Participate in a workshop held by KPEL/Yayorin [ ] Beneficial [ ] Neutral [ ] Not so beneficial
[ ] Don’t Know/Unsure
(33) Now I am going to read out some statements. Please indicate the degree to which you agree with each one, ranging from Easy, Neutral to Difficult or Don’t Know/Unsure (A) Maintaining a mixed crops plantation on your own land [ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (B) Involve yourself in the training program on running a mixed crops plantation provided by KPEL/Yayorin [ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (C) Refrain from clearing land in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest to make land available for farming [ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (D) Let other people know about the benefits of the forest [ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (E) Prevent other people from damaging the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area [ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure Part 7. Questions On Interpersonal Comminucation (34) During the last month, with whom have you discussed land management and the conservation of the forest? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] with forestry workers [ ] with village government officials [ ] with instructors supporting farmers [ ] with staff from KPEL [ ] with realtives or neighbours [ ] haven’t spoeken to anyone yet [ ] Others ________________ (35) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting? ________________ (36) During the last month with whom have you discussed the presence of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] neighbours [ ] village officials [ ] friends [ ] support staff from KPEL [ ] forest workers [ ] staff from BKSDA [ ] Others ________________ (37) If you did discuss it, what did you talk about? ________________ (38) During the last two months, with whom have you discussed sedentary farming?
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[ ] PPL Farming [ ] members of farmers group [ ] support staff from KPEL ] lain-lain ________________
[ ] village officials [
(39) If you did discuss it, what did you talk about? ________________ (40) What are your reasons for wanting to discuss sedentary farming? ________________ Part 8. Set Baseline for Change for the SMART objectives for Behaviour and their Measurement (41) What will you do if you obtain information about the importance of preserving the forest? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] immediately confront the people damaging the forest [ ] refuse to talk to the people damaging the forest [ ] give advice and information about the importance of the forest and the impact of a damaged forest [ ] wait for the right time to reprimand them and give them information [ ] take no notice [ ] Others ________________ (42) In the next 6 months, if there is a program on managing farmland and conserving the forest in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area, will you be willing to get involved? [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (A) If "yes", what are your reasons for wanting to be involved in a program on managing farmland and conserving the forest? [ ] find alternative employment [ ] to increase my family’s income [ ] to support the program [ ] because I am concerned and want to participate [ ] lain-lain ________________ (B) What role will you take if you do decide to participate? [ ] an active member [ ] spectator [ ] organiser [ ] motivator ________________
[ ] passive
[ ] Other
(43) During the last month, how many times have you seen another villager still clearing forest for shifting cultivation using the slash and burn approach? [ ] all the time [ ] sometimes [ ] don’t know Part 9 Understanding the Obstacles to Change and Benefits (44) Mention two things that are a barrier to the community changing its behaviour in terms of land management to become more sustainable in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. ________________ (45) Mention the benefits of land management in the villages around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve ________________ (46) Mention two things that you think are a barrier to the community getting involved in forest conservation. ________________ (47) Mention two things that you think are a barrier to changing behaviour on the part of the community in terms of sedentary cultivation without burning the trees in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. ________________ (48) Mention two things about how to approach the introduction of technology for sedentary farming. ________________ (49) Mention two things that you need to manage the land. ________________ Part 10 Exposure to Campaign Messages and Activities
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(50) Below are information and communication media about land and forest management in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. In the last six months, which of these media have you or have you not seen or heard? (A) local government information sheet about land and forest management [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (B) billboard on the land management process [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (C) list of names of workers supporting land management [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (D) land and forest management poster [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (E) land management and forest conservation sticker [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (F) brochure about running a mixed crops plantation [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (G) talk show about sedentary cultivation and forest management [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (H) song about running a mixed crops plantation [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (I) song about forest conservation [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (J) Yayorin bulletin [ ] yes [ ] not sure
[ ] no
(K) radio [ ] yes [ ] not sure
[ ] no
(L) Community dialogue [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (M) mixed crops plantation workshop [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (N) school program [ ] yes [ ] not sure
[ ] no
(51) Out of all the media mentioned above, which ones were the most impressive or delivered the strongest message? (you may choose more than one) [ ] local government information sheets about land and forest management [ ] billboard about land management [ ] list of names of workers supporting land management [ ] posters [ ] stickers [ ] brochures [ ] radio [ ] songs [ ] Yayorin’s buletin [ ] talk show about land and forest management [ ] community dialogue [ ] school program [ ] mixed crops plantation workshop [ ] Others ________________ Thank you for your willingness to answer the questions in this questionnaire. All this information will help us to understand the forest area of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and the community’s interaction with it.
b. Pre-Campaign Survey Questionnaire (1) Questionnaire Number: ________________
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OPINION SURVEY ON THE SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT IN THE AREA AROUND SUAKA MARGASATWA, SUNGAI LAMANDAU Introduction Assalamu'alaikum/ Good Morning / Afternoon / Evening, may name is .................. people usually call me ................... and I am helping Yayorin and KPEL to gather data on forest in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve (Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve) area and about the way the local community manages the land. We would very much appreciate your participation in this survey by answering a few questions. Whatever information you provide will be handled in the strictest confidence. Neither your name nor your answers will be shown to any other person except for those working on this survey. Your responses will help us to plan and implement our program. Your participation in this survey is voluntary. You can opt to not answer questions that are asked. There are no right and wrong answers. Indeed your opinions are very important to us and we hope that you can help us in this matter. May I start the interview now? Does the respondent agree to be interviwed? (If ‘no’, the interview ends) [ ] Yes
Part 1 Background Information completed by the person conducting the survey. Enumerators [ ] Fadlik Al Iman (Yayorin) [ ] Indra Irwansyah (Yayorin) [ ] M. Iqbal Abisaputra (Yayorin) [ ] Edi Sumanto (Yayorin) [ ] Eddy Santoso (Yayorin) [ ] Andiko Setyo P. (Yayorin) [ ] Nina Hasanah (Yayorin) [ ] Rozi (OFUK) [ ] GO Sukamara [ ] Eva Febriani (Genksi Kobar) [ ] Ozi Saputra (Genksi Kobar) [ ] Juni (Genksi Kobar) [ ] Rose (Kader BKSDA Kalteng) [ ] Fenny Maysita (Kader BKSDA Kalteng) [ ] Iqbal (BKSDA Kalteng) [ ] Donny (Genksi Kobar) [ ] Farandi (Saling Salam) [ ] Gapur (OF UK) [] Others ________________ Village being surveyed? [ ] Mendawai (neighbourhood) [ ] Mendawai Seberang (neighbourhood) [ ] Kumpai Batu Bawah Village [ ] Tanjung Terantang Village [ ] Tanjung Putri Village [ ] Kotawaringin Hilir (neighbourhood) [ ] Tempayung Village [ ] Babual Baboti Village [ ] Kartamulia Village [ ] Natai Sedawak Village [ ] Pudu Rundun Village[ ] Sei Pasir Village [ ] Kotawaringin Hulu (neighbourhood) [ ] Baru (neighbourhood) [ ] Padang-Sukamara (neighbourhood) [ ] Kumpai Batu Atas Village [ ] Raja Seberang (neighbourhood) Period of Survey [ ] Baseline - Campaign Area [ ] Baseline - Comparison Area [ ] Post- Campaign - Comparison
[ ] Post- Campaign - Campaign
Respondent’s gender [ ] Male [ ] Female Part 2 Social-Economic and Demographic Questions (2) How old are you? ________________ (3) In your community, what group are you a member of (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] shifting cultivation farmer [ ] sedentary cultivation farmer [ ] river fisher [ ] sea fisher [] village official [ ] teacher [ ] rubber farmer [ ] palm farmer [ ] Others _____________ (A) If you are a farmer, where is the land that you work on? (You can choose more than one answer)
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[ ] 200 metres from my house [ ] 200 metres from the boundary of SMS Lamandau [ ] 500 metres from my house [ ] 500 metres from the boundary of SMS Lamandau [ ] 1 Kilometre from my house [ ] 1 Kilometre from the boundary of SMS Lamandau [ ] Other ________________ (B) If you are shifting cultivation farmer or rubber farmer with whom do you work the land? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] family [ ] relatives [ ] neighbours [ ] PPL Farming [ ] Other ________________ (C) What kind of farming activity are you engaged in either as an individual or in a group? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] non-irrigated field [ ] rice field [ ] mixed crop plantation [ ] a plantation next to your house [ ] Other ________________ (D) What crop or product do you most often grow to sustain your family’s economy? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] fruit [ ] horticulture (sayuran dan palawija) [ ] rice [ ] rubber [ ] palm [ ] pepper [ ] wood [ ] Others ________________ (E) Who owns the plot of land you farm? [ ] I do [ ] I rent it [ ] I work on someone else’s land ________________
[ ] parents
(F) How big is the plot of land you farm? [ ] 1 Hectare [ ] 2 Hectares [ ] 3 Hectares [ ] 5 Hectares [ ] 10 Hectares [ Hectares [ ] Other ________________
[ ] Other
]
di
atas
10
(G) To date where has the produce of your farming been marketed? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] Sold to the caterers at the palm oil factory [ ] Sold at the market [ ] Sold to neighbours [ ] Not sold, for own needs only [ ] Other ________________ (4) Jika anda dalam kelompok, apa posisi/jabatan anda? (pilihan bisa lebih dari satu) [ ] village chief [ ] neighbourhood leader [ ] head of a cooperative [ ] member of a farmers’ group [ ] village government official [ ] memeber of a cooperative [ ] Other ________________ (5) What is your level of formal education? [ ] Elementary School [ ] Junior High School [ ] Senior High School [ Education [ ] Did not graduate Elementary School [ ] No formal ______________
] Higher/Tertiary schooling [ ] Other
Part 3. Placing Respondents in terms of Behaviour Change Stages (7) I am going to read six statements about the management of farmland. Choose the statement that is closest to your opinion. Here are the statements: . [ ] During the last month, I haven’t thought about stopping my use of slash and burn approach in my management of the land for farming [ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of slash and burn approach in my management of the land for farming, but I haven’t done so yet [ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of slash and burn approach in my management of the land for farming and I intend to do so in the future [ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of slash and burn approach in my management of the land for farming and I intend to do so in the future. I have also spoken to other people about this. [ ] In the last month, I have already managed the land for farming without moving but I have still used the slash and burn approach each time I wanted to plant something.
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[ ] In the last month, I have already managed the land for farming without moving but and without using the slash and burn approach on the land.
(8) I am going to read six statements about your role along with the community in making use of land. Choose the statement that is closest to your opinion. Here are the statements: [ ] During the last month, I haven’t thought about cultivating treeless and dry land [ ] During the last month, I have thought about cultivating treeless and dry land, but I haven’t done so yet [ ] During the last month, I have thought about cultivating treeless and dry land and I intend to do so in the future [ ] During the last month, I have thought about cultivating treeless and dry land and I intend to do so in the future. I have also spoken to other people about this. [ ] In the last month, I have already cultivated treeless and dry land several times. [ ] In the last month, I have always been cultivating treeless and dry land. (9) I am going to read five statements about about the presence of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. Choose the answer that is most suitable. [ ] I have no idea what the advantages of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area are. [ ] During the last 6 months, I haven’t thought that the presence of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area has any importance in my life [ ] During the last 6 months, I have thought that the presence of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area is important and there should be efforts made to conserve it. [ ] During the last 6 months, I have been involved several times in efforts to conserve the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area, for example planting trees, conservation education, discussions with KPEL [ ] I am always involved in all efforts to conserve the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area
Part 4 Questions on SMART objectives for Knowledge and their Measurement (10) Who is most responsible for taking care of forest conservation? [ ] farmers [ ] the whole community [ ] local government ] forest rangers [ ] Other ________________
[ ] NGOs
[ ] BKSDA [
(11) Which of the following do you think can damage the conservation of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] logging [ ] planting trees [ ] shifting cultivation using slash and burn [ ] managing and monitoring the forest [ ] sedentary farming [ ] burning the forest and huntin [ ] storage and cleansing of water [ ] protect the Suaka Margasatwa forest [ ] Others ________________ (12) Based on your own observations, what activities are carried out by the community here? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] harvest timber [ ] catch fish [ ] harvest rubber/resin [ ] harvest fruit [ ] clear land for farming [ ] hunting [ ] Others ________________ (13) Apakah anda tahu ada hutan lindung sekitar desa anda bernama Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve? dan dari mana anda tahu (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] ya tahu dari kepala desa [ ] ya tahu dari teman [ ] ya tahu dari berita [ ] ya tahu dari polisi kehutanan/bksda [ ] ya tahu dari saudara atau tetangga [ ] ya tahu dari poster [ ] tidak tahu [ ] lain-lain ________________ (14) Which of the following do you think are forest conservation activities? (You can choose more than one answer)
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[ ] replant the forest [ ] make a forest nursery [ ] join in with forest activities [ ] clear woodland for plantations and field [ ] look for firewood from harvesting plants or hunting wildlife [ ] Others ________________
rehabilitation [ ] refrain
(15) Based on your own observations, what activities are carried out by the community here? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] harvest timber [ ] catch fish [ ] harvest rubber/resin [ ] harvest fruit [ ] clear land for farming [ ] hunting [ ] Others ________________ (16) Mention two things that you think are the biggest benefits of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area? ________________ (17) What influence does damaged forest have on farming activities? ________________ (18) What are the links between damage to the Suaka Margasatwa Lamandau area and the intrusion of sea water (mention 2 links)? ________________ (19) What is the impact of damaged forests on temperatures and climate change? ____________ (20) Do you know that sedentary farming and mixed crops plantations can decrease the pressure to clear woodland to creat land for farming? [ ] I know [ ] not sure [ ] don’t know (21) Do you know where the boundary between the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve dengan batas desa anda? [ ] I know [ ] not sure [ ] don’t know (22) Who manages and monitors the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] BKSDA Kalteng-SKW II [ ] EC Lamandau Project [ ] Tanjung Puting National Park office [ ] Forestry Office [ ] Head of District [ ] Others ________________ Part 5 Questions On Attitudes for Objective Measurement (23) For you, conserving the forest (A) Is a waste of time [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree
[ ] Disagree
[ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(B) Is for protecting the habitats of wild animals (protected species) [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(C) Is to sustain the life of the community in and around the forest [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(D) Is the responsibility of the whole community [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree
[ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(E) Is the work of forestry workers and environmental NGOs [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(F) Guarantees a clean water supply [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree
[ ] Disagree
[ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(G) Prevents climate change [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree
[ ] Disagree
[ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(24) Now I am going to read out some statements. Please indicate the degree to which you agree with each one, ranging from Agree strongly, Agree, Disagree to Strongly Disagree or Don’t Know.
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(A) The forest has functions that are important to people [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(B) We must take responsibility together to protect the integrity of the forest area [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree [ ] Don’t Know (C) The community must be involved in efforts to preserve the forest [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Don’t Know
(D) Clearing land by slash and burn in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area will not cause us many problems [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree [ ] Don’t Know (E) A system of mixed crops plantation farming requires us to clear the forest land by slash and burn [ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree [ ] Don’t Know (25) Now I am going to read out some statements. Please indicate the degree to which you agree with each one, ranging from Beneficial, Neutral to Not so beneficial or Don’t Know/Unsure. (A) Setting up a mixed crops plantation on your own land without using slash and burn [ ] Beneficial [ ] Normal [ ] Not so beneficial [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (B) Training for the community on setting up a mixed crops plantation without using slash and burn [ ] Beneficial [ ] Neutral [ ] Not so beneficial [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (C) Involving the community in protecting the forest in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area [ ] Beneficial [ ] Neutral [ ] Not so beneficial [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (D) Participate in a training/seminar/ conference/workshop held by Yayorin or the EC Lamandau Project [ ] Beneficial [ ] Neutral [ ] Not so beneficial [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (26) Now I am going to read out some statements. Please indicate the degree to which you agree with each one, ranging from Easy, Neutral to Difficult or Don’t Know/Unsure (A) Maintaining a permanent mixed crops plantation on your own land without using slash and burn [ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (B) Involve yourself in the training program on running a permanent mixed crops plantation without using slash and burn provided by Yayorin/OFUK [ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (C) Refrain from clearing land in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve forest to make land available for farming [ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (D) Let other people know about the benefits of the forest [ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure (E) Prevent other people from damaging the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area [ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know/Unsure Part 6. Questions On Interpersonal Communication (27) During the last month, with whom have you discussed land management and the conservation of the forest? (You can choose more than one answer)
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[ ] with forestry workers [ ] with village government officials [ ] with instructors supporting farmers [ ] with staff from KPEL [ ] with realtives or neighbours [ ] haven’t spoeken to anyone yet [ ] Others ________________ (28) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting? ________________ (29) During the last month with whom have you discussed the presence of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] neighbours [ ] village officials [ ] friends [ ] support staff from KPEL [ ] forest workers [ ] staff from BKSDA [ ] Others ________________ (30) If you did discuss it, what did you talk about? ________________ (31) During the last two months, with whom have you discussed sedentary farming? [ ] PPL Farming [ ] members of farmers group [ ] support staff from KPEL [ ] village officials [ ] lain-lain ________________ (32) If you did discuss it, what did you talk about? ________________ (33) During what activity did you tak the most about sedentary farming /mixed crops plantation cultivation without burning the trees? (34) What are your reasons for wanting to discuss sedentary farming? ________________ Part 7 Questions on SMART objectives for Behaviour and their measurement (35) What will you do if you obtain information about the importance of preserving the forest? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] immediately confront the people damaging the forest [ ] refuse to talk to the people damaging the forest [ ] give advice and information about the importance of the forest and the impact of a damaged forest [ ] wait for the right time to reprimand them and give them information [ ] take no notice [ ] Others ________________ (36) In the next 6 months, if there is a training program on managing a mixed crops plantation without slash and burn and conserving the forest in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area, will you be willing to get involved? [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (A) If "yes", what are your reasons for wanting to be involved in a program on managing farmland and conserving the forest? [ ] find alternative employment [ ] to increase my family’s income [ ] to support the program [ ] because I am concerned and want to participate [ ] lain-lain______________ (B) What role will you take if you do decide to participate? [ ] an active member [ ] spectator [ ] organiser [ ] motivator ________________
[ ] passive
[ ] Other
(37) Have you already tried out sedentary farming/permanent mixed crops plantation? [ ] yes I already have a permanent mixed crops plantation without burning trees [ ] yes I already have a permanent mixed crops plantation but I still use slash and burn [ ] not yet but I am going to try [ ] not yet but I am interested [ ] not interested [ ] Other ________________ (38) During the last month, how many times have you seen another villager still clearing forest for shifting cultivation using the slash and burn approach? [ ] all the time [ ] sometimes [ ] don’t know Part 8 Understanding the Obstacles to Change and Benefits
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(39) Mention two things that you think are a barrier to the community getting involved in forest conservation. ________________ (40) Mention two things that you think are a barrier to changing behaviour on the part of the community in terms of sedentary cultivation without burning the trees in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve ________________ (41) Mention the benefits of using sedentary cultivation in the villages around the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve ________________ (42) Mention two things that you think are a barrier to you participating in the chabge to sedentary cultivation without burning the trees in your village near the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve _________________ Part 9 Exposure to Campaign Media and Activities (43) When you attended meetings to discuss sedentary farming and ending slash and burn practices, what things did you like about it? (mention two things) ________________ (44) How many times did you go to meetings to discuss sedentary farming and ending slash and burn practices? (choose one answer) [ ] Once [ ] Twice [ ] Three times [ ] Four times [ ] Five times [ ] More than three times [ ] Other ________________ (45) What good experiences did you have when you joined the meetings to discuss sedentary farming training? (mention two things) ________________ (46) How many times did you join the the sedentary cultivation training (choose one answer) [ ] Once [ ] Twice [ ] Three times [ ] Four times [ ] Five times [ ] More than three times [ ] Other ________________ (47) What good experiences did you have when you joined the sedentary farming/mixed crops plantation training? (mention two things) ________________ (48) Below are information and communication media about land and forest management in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. In the last six months, which of these media have you or have you not seen or heard? (A) local government information book about land management and forest conservation [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (B) billboard or wall newspaper conveying information about climate change and managing land for sedentary farming without slash and burn [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (C) a list of the names of workers supporting managing land for sedentary farming without slash and burn [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (D) poster on how sedentary farming is profitable, securing water, protecting the climate and forest benefits from the conservation of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (E) sticker and pictures of an orangutan with the slogan “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (F) Fact Sheet on step by step management of a mixed crops plantation and the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Pride Campaign. [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no
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(G) talk show radio about managing land for sedentary cultivation - “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” - and conservation in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (H) radio talk show about climate change and forest conservation [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (I) radion advertisement urging people to practise sedentary cultivation [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (J) Calender from Yayorin with information about climate change [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (K) Yayorin bulletin [ ] yes [ ] not sure
[ ] no
(L) badges with a picture of an orangutan with the slogan “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (M) The Head of District’s appeal by radio urging people to change to sedentary cultivation without using slah and burn [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (N) community dialogue (group meetings) [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (O) seminar and conference [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (P) school and village visits program [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (Q) training and comparative study on sedentary cultivation without using slah and burn [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (R) sedentary cultivation demonstration plot [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (S) song about nature conservation [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no (49) Out of all the media mentioned above, which ones were the most impressive or delivered the strongest message? (you may choose more than one) [ ] information book [ ] radio advertisements [ ] calender [ ] badges [ ] Head of District’s appeal [ ] training and comparative study on sedentary cultivation [ ] demonstration farm plo[ ] local government information sheets about land and forest management [ ] billboard about land management [ ] list of names of workers supporting land management [ ] posters [ ] stickers [ ] brochures [ ] radio [ ] songs [ ] Yayorin’s buletin [ ] talk show about land and forest management [ ] community dialogue [ ] school and village visit program [ ] mixed crops plantation workshop [ ] Others ________________ (50) In the last 6 months what radio advertisements with the farming and environmental themes have you heard? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] the benefits of sustainable farming [ ] avoid burning the land and forest [ ] ”kopi asin” (salty coffee) - urging an end to slash and burn cultivation [ ] preventing climate change [ ] conservation in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area [ ] plant trees for the future [] Others ________________ (A) Which of these radio advertisements did you hear most often? (choose two) [ ] the benefits of sustainable farming [ ] avoid burning the land and forest [ ] ”kopi asin” (salty coffee) - urging an end to slash and burn cultivation [ ] preventing climate change [ ]
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conservation in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area Others ________________
[ ] plant trees for the future
[]
(B) Give two reasons why you chose this particular radio advertisement. ________________ (51) If you have heard radio announcements and interactive chat shows about shifting and sedentary cultivation and the “Be Prudent On Our Own Land” theme/slogan, on what channel did you hear it? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] Pakuba FM [ ] Primadona FM [ ] Maruba FM [ ] Rageka FM [ ] Sukamara FM [ ] Other ________________ (A) What time did you hear the public service announcements urging farmers to shift to sedentary cultivation on the radio? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] 06.01 - 09.00 WIT [ ] 09.01 - 12.00 WIT [ ] 12.01 - 15.00 WIT [ ] 15.01 - 18.00 WIT [ ] 18.01 - 21.00 WIT [ ] 21.01 - 24.00 WIT [ ] lain-lain ________________ (52) If you have heard radio announcements and interactive chat shows about climate change and forest functions, on what channel did you hear it? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] Pakuba FM [ ] Primadona FM [ ] Maruba FM [ ] Rageka FM [ ] Sukamara FM [ ] Other ________________ (A) If you have heard radio announcements and interactive chat shows about climate change and forest functions, at what time did you hear it? (You can choose more than one answer) [ ] 06.01 - 09.00 WIT [ ] 09.01 - 12.00 WIT [ ] 12.01 - 15.00 WIT [ ] 15.01 - 18.00 WIT [ ] 18.01 - 21.00 WIT [ ] 21.01 - 24.00 WIT [ ] lain-lain ________________ Thank you for your willingness to answer the questions in this questionnaire. All this information will help us to understand the forest area of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and the community’s interaction with it.
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3. Tables Summarizing the Survey Responses Table. Summary list number of repsondents interviewed and the geographical spread of the survey. Sub-District
Village
Total population
Distribution Percentage
Number of Questionnaires
Notes
Mendawai
15.838
48%
182
Target
Mendawai Seberang
2.361
7,1%
27
Target
Kumpai Batu Bawah
2.642
7,9%
30
Target
Tanjung Terantang
981
2,9%
11
Target
Tanjung Putri
1.631
5%
19
Target
Kotawaringin Hilir
2.476
7,4%
28
Target
Tempayung
550
1,6%
6
Target
Babual Baboti
486
1,6%
6
Target
Kartamulia
3.135
9,8%
37
Target
Natai Sedawak
1.053
2,9%
11
Target
Pudu Rundun
324
1%
4
Target
Pantai Lunci
Sungai Pasir
1.593
4,7%
18
Target
Amount
12
33.070
Arut Selatan
Kotawaringin Lama
Sukamara
379
Survey designed and analyzed using Apian® Survei Pro®. Census data from BPS Kotawaringin Barat 2007 in BPS Kobar, 2008.
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4. Table: Campaign Marketing Media Table. List of Prode Campaign Marketing Media Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve No
Media
Waktu Pembuatan
Amount Start
A
Finish
Phase
Content
ActionMaintainence
Instigation to still cultivate
PJ/Vendor
Primary Target Audience (Tempayung and Babual Baboti) 520 November May 2010 Yayorin Be Prudent 2009 On Our Own Land slogan badges
Group Distribution
Notes
Production /Activity Cost
Bought at TULIP, South Jakarta
Rp 4,165,000
Printed by Bifopatri Pangkalan Bun
Rp 2,250,000
Printed by SMK Grafika Desa Putera South Jakarta
Rp 9,600,000
2
Pride Campaign Stickers
1500
Nov-09
Nov-09
Yayorin
ActionMaintainence
Instigation to still cultivate
3
Poster with 4 sedentary farming themes
4800
Nov-09
December 2009
Awang Bifo
KontemplasiAction
Instigation
5
PSA Radio Pakuba FM (Kopi Asin) Insert with District Head’s appeal to use sedentary farming without using fire on Radio Pakuba FM Talk show Radio on Pakuba FM
364 spots
October 2009
Nov-09
Pakuba FM
Knowledgeinstigation
120 spots
October 2009
Nov-09
Pakuba FM
PreContemplatio n-Action PreContemplatio n-Action
Farming communities in 2 villages, 10 secondary target villages Farming communities in 2 villages, 10 secondary target villages Farming communities in 2 villages, 10 secondary target villages Farmers in 2 villages
Knowledgeinstigation
Farmers in 2 villages
Rp 2,250,000
6 block time
October 2009
Nov-09
Pakuba FM
PreContemplatio n-Action
Knowledgeinstigation
Farmers in 2 villages
Rp 1,500,000
1
6
7
Rp 2,250,000
174
8
PSA Kopi Asin on Radio Primadona FM
178 spots (2xper day for 89 days)
3 March 2010
31 May 2010
Primadona FM
ActionMaintainence
Instigation to still cultivate
Farmers in 2 villages
Rp 1,750,000
9
Insert with District Head’s appeal to use sedentary farming without using fire on Radio Primadona FM Demonstratio n plot of mixed plantation without using fire Meeting & Training
74 spots (2xper day for 37 days)
25 January 2010
3 March 2010
Pakuba FM
PreContemplatio n-Action
Knowledgeinstigation
Farmers in 2 villages
Rp 2,250,000
1 in Tempayung village
Sep-09
December 2009
Yayorin-KPEL
PreContemplatio nMaintainance
Materials on sedentary farming
Farmers in 2 villages
13 times
November
March 2010
Yayorin-KPEL
KontemplasiMaintainence
Knowledgeinstigation
Farmers in 2 villages
2 times
March 2010
Apr-10
Yayorin-KPEL
ActionMaintainence
Instigation to keep maintaining it
Farmers in 2 villages
3 banners 3 m x 75 cm
Nov-09
Nov-09
Yayorin-KPEL
ActionMaintainence
Instigation to use mixed crops plantation farming without using fire
Farmers in 2 villages
10
11
12
13
Comparitive Study on Mixed crops plantation farming without using fire Banner theme: Sedentary Farming is More Profitable
Rp 62,100,000 in funds minus training and comparitive study Mostly covered by funding from EC Lamandau Project
Rp 50,133,500
Rp 691,000
Rp 11,275,500
Children request and same slogansBe Prudent On Our Own Land-Pride and look after the forest, bigger harvest
Rp 450,000
175
14
T-Shirt Pride Campaign Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
150 t-shirts
March 2010
Apr-10
Yayorin-KPEL
Maintainence
15
Pride Campaign Fact sheet running a mixed plantation without using fire
540
Apr-10
May 2010
Yayorin
PreContemplatio n
B
Secondary Target Audience (10 other villages) School visit 30 July 2009 June 2010
Yayorin
PreContemplatio nMaintainance
1
Keep conserving the forest with sedentary farming: ‘Be Prudent On Our Own Land’ Materials on sedentary farming and running a mixed plantation without using fire
Farmers in 2 villages ; volunteer team and campaign partners (limited)
Materials on forest functions and land management and avoiding use of fire
Schools in 12 villages near Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
As a part of Pride and instructional merchandise, comparitive study
Rp 5,894,000
Rp 1,000,000
Farming communities in 2 villages, 10 secondary target villages
slide presentation on the role of the forest in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve+ environmental film (on average x2) + storytelling + songs + educational games (average x5) + commentary (indra + aquatic life + bird)
Lamandau Project/KPE L= Rp2.5- 4 million (2 weeks including cost of instuctional visits to village)
176
2
Village visit
12 villages + 5 neighbourho ods
July 2009
June 2010
Yayorin
PreContemplatio nMaintainance
Materials on forest functions and land management and avoiding use of fire
Villages and neighbourhoods closest to Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
3
Institutional visit
16
July 2009
June 2010
Yayorin
PreContemplatio nMaintainance
Materials on land management and avoiding use of fire (BROP materials)
RACI BROP + leading sector
slide presentation on the role of the forest in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve+ environmental film (on average x2), non-formal promotional style in Kotawaringin Barat agency: Dishut, Distanak, BPP Kolam, KP2KP, Diskanla, BLH, Bappeda, Arut Selatan SubDistrict and Kotawaringin Lama SubDistrict; in Sukamara: Distanak, Dishutbun, Dinas PUD, KLH, Bappeda, Pantai Lunchi Sub-District and Sukamara Sub-District
177
4
Costume
3
March 2009
June 2009
Yayorin
PreContemplatio nMaintainance
Media for opening messages
Entire audience in the campaign’s target villages
Orangutan costume; Rangkong; Used on school vists, Environment Day event and District anniversary, exhibitions
Rp 14,000,000
5
Story Telling
3 times
1 July 2009
31 August 2009
Yayorin
PreContemplatio nMaintainance
Materials on forest functions (story about cassava leaves by Fadlik)
Schools in 12 villages near Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve; carried out in 3 schools: SMPN 9 Arut Selatan, SDN 1 Tempayung and SDN 2 Babual Baboti
Did not incur costs (Yayorin Mobile Education Team supported the media)
6
Mobile Neighbourhoo d Conservation Library
10 times
1 July 2009
31 July 2009
Yayorin
PreContemplatio n
Media for opening messages
Reaching 3 secondary target villages
Make a story: a device for bringing instructional material into school visits and twilight storytelling in the target villages (Tempayung and Babual Baboti) Mobile library and promotional media (posters, bulletin, badges); as far as Mendawai, Kumpai Batu Bawah, Tanjung Terantang
On outlay of money (integrated media); stories by Yayorin mobile education team
178
7
Puppet Show
6 times
July 2009
8
Press Release
1 times
1 October 2009
9
Sumpitan Bulletin
4 editions
July 2009
Kobar Genksi Community
PreContemplatio nMaintainance
Materials on forest functions and land management and avoiding use of fire
30 June 2010
BorneoNews
PreContemplatio nMaintainance
June 2010
Yayorin-KPEL
PreContemplatio nMaintainance
Instigation on sedentary farming without using fire Materials on forest functions and land management and avoiding use of fire
Nov-09
Performed by Relawan Generasi Konservasi (Genksi Kotawaringin Barat) as part of Kotawaringin Barat 50th anniversary event (October 2009); instruction in 4 villages (Mendawai Seberang, Mendawai Karang Anyar and RT 23, Tanjung Terantang and Sebrang Gajah, Tanjung Putri in the Care For Orangutan campaign Farming communities in 2 villages, 10 secondary target villages Farming communities in 2 villages, 10 secondary target villages
Instructional media
Rp 3,080,000
Did not incur costs
Campaign news content from Edition No.24 (JulySeptember 2009) to Edition No.27 (April-June 2010). 4 editions have been published; this funding from EC Lamandau Project
Rp 9,000,000
179
10
Collaborative Calendar with Climate Change theme
1500
11
Participative PSA Video
1
September
November
Yayorin
PreContemplatio n
Materials on sedentary farming
Farming communities in 2 villages, 10 secondary target villages
Sep-09
Sep-09
Yayorin
ActionMaintainence
Rubber Cultivation
Farming communities in 2 villages, 10 secondary target villages
Collaborative Calendar with Community Forest Carbon Program to increase knowledge about climate change and the forest’s carbon absorption function Has been screened in the villages of Tempayung and Babual Baboti as well as Pudu RundunSukamara
Rp 18,400,000
Did not incur costs (Yayorin Mobile Education Team supported the media)
5. Table: List of School and Village Vists
Table. Data on Priode Visits to Target Villages and Schools by Yayorin’s Mobile Education Team 2009‐2010
180
No
Village Kelurahan Mendawai
Neighbourhood Dusun Karang Anyar (RT21-22) Kelurahan Mendawai; RT 23 Kelurahan Mendawai
School
SDN 6 Mendawai
District
Kotawaringin Barat
Kelurahan Mendawai Seberang
Tanjung Terantang
Tanjung Putri
No. of Visits
2 visits
1 visit
SDN 1 Mendawai Seberang
Kotawaringin Barat
2 visits
SMPN 4 Arut Selatan
Kotawaringin Barat
2 visits
2 visits
Dusun Seberang Gajah (RT 07-O8)
SDN 1 Tanjung Terantang
Kotawaringin Barat
2 visits
SDN 2 Tanjung Terantang
Kotawaringin Barat
2 visits
1 visit
Campaign Media ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin, Badges; Stickers, Puppet Show, school visit, Environmental film & instruction Powerpoint slide show; Badges; environmental film; MOCA; Story Telling; ’Sumpitan’ bulletin ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin, Badges; Stickers, Puppet Show, school visit, Environmental film & instruction Powerpoint slide show;environmental film;’Sumpitan’ bulletin Powerpoint slide show;environmental film;’Sumpitan’ bulletin ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin, Badges; Stickers, Puppet Show, school visit, Environmental film & instruction Powerpoint slide show; environmental film; MOCA; Story Telling; ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin; stickers; badges Powerpoint slide show;environmental film; MOCA; Story Telling;’Sumpitan’ bulletin ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin, Badges; Stickers, Puppet Show, school visit, Environmental film & instruction
181
SDN 1 Tanjung Putri
Kotawaringin Barat
2 visits
SDN 1 Kumpai Batu Bawah
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
SMPN 9 Arut Selatan
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
SMP 3 Arut Selatan
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
Tempayung
SDN 1 Tempayung
Kotawaringin Barat
2 visits
Babual Baboti
SDN 2 Babual Baboti
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
SMAN 1 Pantai Lunci
Sukamara
1 visit
Powerpoint slide show;environmental film;’Sumpitan’ bulletin
Sukamara
1 visit
SMPN 1 Sukamara
Sukamara
1 visit
Powerpoint slide show;environmental film;Paman Win mascot costume; ’Sumpitan’ bulletin Powerpoint slide show; environmental film; ’Sumpitan’ bulletin
SMP 1 Atap 1 Arut Selatan
Kumpai Batu Bawah
Pudu Rundun
Powerpoint slide show;environmental film;’Sumpitan’ bulletin; stickers; badges Powerpoint slide show;environmental film;’Sumpitan’ bulletin; stickers; badges stickers & instruction house to house Powerpoint slide show; environmental film; ’Sumpitan’ bulletin Powerpoint slide show;film; MOCA; Story Telling; Paman Win mascot costume; ’Sumpitan’ bulletin MOCA;Kostum Maskot Bili;’Sumpitan’ bulletin Powerpoint slide show; Fim; Educational games;Paman Win mascot costume+Bili rangkong Educational games; Pictures campaign mascots
182
SMAN 1 Sukamara
Sukamara
1 visit
Powerpoint slide show; environmental film; ’Sumpitan’ bulletin
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
SDN 2 Kumpai Bawah
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
SMPN 9 Arut Selatan
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
Poster, Calendar, sticker house to house Powerpoint slide show;environmental film;sticker;poster; ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin Paman Win mascot costume+MOCA; Powerpoint slide and environmental film
Kotawaringin Barat
3 visits
Kotawaringin Barat
6 visits
Kotawaringin Barat
2 visits
SDN 1 Babual Baboti
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
SDN 2 Babual Baboti
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
Kumpai Batu Bawah
Tempayung
RT 3 (Babinti)
SDN 1 Tempayung
Babual Baboti
Baboti neighbourhood
Kotawaringin Hilir
SDN 1 Kotawaingin Hilir
Poster, Calendar, stickers & instruction house to house Educational games; sticker volunteers; poster; making a school rubbish dump Powerpoint slide show, environmental film; poster, Paman Win mascot costume, PSA Kopi Asin; Insert District Head’s appeal; Stickers; Badges; ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin, Calendar;Pride T-shirts Powepoint slide show; environmental film; ’Sumpitan’ bulletin; poster Powepoint slide show; environmental film; ’Sumpitan’ bulletin; poster Poster, Calendar, sticker & instruction house to house Powerpoint slide show, ‘Sumpitan’
183
bulletin;environmental film
Sungai Pasir
Kartamulia
SDN 2 Kotawaingin Hilir
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
SMAN 1 Kotawaringin Lama
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
SMK PGRI Kotawaringin Lama
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
SMPN 1 Kotawaringin Lama
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
SMPN 2 Kotawaringin Lama
Kotawaringin Barat
1 visit
Sukamara
2 visits
MTs Miftahul 'ulum
Sukamara
1 visit
SDN 1 Sungai Pasir
Sukamara
2 visits
SDN 2 Sungai Pasir
Sukamara
2 visits
Sukamara
2 visits
RT 3 (Teruntum)
Pudu Kuali
Powerpoint slide show, ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin;environmental film Powerpoint slide show, ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin;environmental film Powerpoint slide show, ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin;environmental film Powerpoint slide show, ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin;environmental film Powerpoint slide show, ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin; Bili Rangkong mascot costumes; Pride T-shirt; film Calendar, Stickers, Badges, Poster, Powerpoint slide show; Film; Sam Rusa mascot costumes Powerpoint slide show, ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin;environmental film Powerpoint slide show, ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin; environmental film Powerpoint slide show, ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin; environmental film Powerpoint slide show, ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin; environmental film;poster;Paman Win
184
and Sam Rusa mascot costumes
SDN 1 Kartamulia
Sukamara
1 visit
SDN 2 Kartamulia
Sukamara Sukamara
2 visits 2 visits
SDN Natai Sedawak
Sukamara
2 visits
Sukamara
1 visit
Sukamara
1 visit
Natai Sedawak
Pudu Rundun
SDN Pudu Rundun
12 villages
5 neighbourhoods
30 schools
2 Districts
Powerpoint slide show, ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin;environmental film;poster Powerpoint slide show, ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin;environmental film;poster;Paman Win mascot costume Calendar, Stickers, Badges, Poster, Powerpoint slide show; Film;Paman Win mascot costume Powerpoint slide show;film;’Sumpitan’ bulletin;Paman Win mascot costume;Pin Powerpoint slide show, poster, Paman Win mascot costume, ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin, calendar Powerpoint slide show, film; poster, Paman Win mascot costume, PSA Kopi Asin; Insert District Head’s appeal; Stickers; Badges; ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin, calendar
1-6 visits
185
5. Table: Full Results of Pre- and Post-Campaign Surveys a. Achievement of SMART Objectives SMART Objective for Farming Community in 2 Villages (Tempayung and Babual Baboti): Knowledge a. SMART Objective 1 SMART 1
: Q21= question 10 primary/farmers Survey Period
(10) What do you know to be the functions of the forest in general? (there can be more than one answer) A habitat for animals and wildlife
Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
BaselineCampaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
PostCampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
86.7%; 13
75.0%; 9
-; 0
-; 0
water absorption
73.3%; 11
75.0%; 9
-; 0
-; 0
creates clean air
53.3%; 8
50.0%; 6
-; 0
-; 0
source of food
33.3%; 5
75.0%; 9
-; 0
-; 0
place for spawning fish
40.0%; 6
58.3%; 7
-; 0
-; 0
source of water provides a farming livelihood
40.0%; 6
58.3%; 7
-; 0
-; 0
40.0%; 6
50.0%; 6
-; 0
-; 0
carbon storage Protect against climate change
40.0%; 6
41.7%; 5
-; 0
-; 0
46.7%; 7
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Other
0.0%; 0
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
*; *
*; *
*; *
17.60%
Freq Error*
*; * 0.00%
0.00%
Yes at 99.0%*
Yes at 99.0%*
Yes at 99.0%*
Post CampaignCampaign Area 15 55.6%
BaselineCampaign Area 12 44.4%
BaselineComparison 0 0.0%
PostCampaignComparison 0 0.0%
100.0%; 15
41.7%; 5
-; 0
-; 0
Influencesthe fertility of the land Floods when there is rain because land cannot absorb water
0.0%; 0
33.3%; 4
-; 0
-; 0
20.0%; 3
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Other
6.7%; 1
25.0%; 3
-; 0
-; 0
ChiSq Significance
Yes at 99.0%*
25.00%
b. SMART Objective 2 SMART 2
: Q28= question 17 primary/farmers Survey Period
(17) What influence does damaged forest have on farming activities? Influences farming patterns and produce
186
*; *
Totals
*; * 0.00%
Freq Error*
*; * 0.00%
0.00%
Yes at 95.0%*
Yes at 95.0%*
Yes at 95.0%*
Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
BaselineCampaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
PostCampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
53.3%; 8
66.7%; 8
-; 0
-; 0
73.3%; 11
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
46.7%; 7
25.0%; 3
-; 0
-; 0
0.0%; 0
33.3%; 4
-; 0
-; 0
Drives away wildlife, fish in river hard to find
0.0%; 0
16.7%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
Other
0.0%; 0
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
*; *
*; *
*; *
ChiSq Significance
Yes at 95.0%*
*; * 28.50%
c. SMART Objective 3 SMART 3
: Q29= question 18 primary/farmers Survey Period
(18) What are the links between damage to the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area and the intrusion of sea water (mention 2 links)? Sea water contaminates the river and the land Clean water hard to obtain Disasters and tidal flooding Influences farming produce and what grows along the river
22.80%
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
Yes at 99.0%*
27.20%
*; * 0.00%
0.00%
Yes at 99.0%*
Yes at 99.0%*
Yes at 99.0%*
Baseline-Campaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
Attitude a. SMART Objective 1: SMART 1
: Q44/G6= question 24 primary/farmers Survey Period Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
(D) Clearing land by slash and burn in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area will not cause us many problems Strongly agree
40.0%; 6
16.7%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
Agree
53.3%; 8
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
neutral
0.0%; 0
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
Disagree
6.7%; 1
50.0%; 6
-; 0
-; 0
Strongly disagree
0.0%; 0
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
Don’t know/Unsure
0.0%; 0
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
100.0%; 15
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
100.0%; 12 25.80%
Yes at 75.0%*
%; 0 28.90%
Yes at 75.0%*
%; 0 0.00%
Yes at 75.0%*
0.00% Yes at 75.0%*
187
b. SMART Objective 2: SMART 2
: Q46/G7= question 25 primary/farmers Survey Period Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
BaselineCampaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
PostCampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
(A) Setting up a permanent mixed crops plantation on your own land beneficial
100.0%; 15
91.7%; 11
-; 0
-; 0
Other
0.0%; 0
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
100.0%; 15
100.0%; 12
%; 0
%; 0
0.00%
Freq Error*
0.00%
0.00%
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
BaselineCampaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
PostCampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
(B) Training for the community on setting up a mixed crops plantation without using slash and burn beneficial
93.3%; 14
83.3%; 10
-; 0
-; 0
Not so beneficial
6.7%; 1
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
Other
0.0%; 0
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
100.0%; 15
100.0%; 12
%; 0
%; 0
ChiSq Significance
Under 50%*
16.00%
c. SMART Objective 3: SMART 3
: Q47/G7= question 25 primary/farmers Survey Period
12.90%
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
Under 50%*
21.50%
0.00%
0.00%
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
BaselineCampaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
PostCampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
33.3%; 5
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
33.3%; 5
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Interpersonal Communication a. SMART Objective 1 SMART 1
: Q56= question 28 primary/farmers Survey Period
(28) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting? Benefits of land management and forest conservation Farming on permanent fields
188
Technology for land management Nothing discussed
0.0%; 0
41.7%; 5
-; 0
-; 0
20.0%; 3
16.7%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
Forms of forest and wildlife conservation Border between Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and village
0.0%; 0
25.0%; 3
-; 0
-; 0
13.3%; 2
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Other
0.0%; 0
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
*; *
*; *
*; *
24.30%
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
Yes at 75.0%*
28.50%
*; * 0.00%
0.00%
Yes at 75.0%*
Yes at 75.0%*
Yes at 75.0%*
Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
BaselineCampaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
PostCampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
33.3%; 5
33.3%; 4
-; 0
-; 0
40.0%; 6
25.0%; 3
-; 0
-; 0
13.3%; 2
16.7%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
0.0%; 0
16.7%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
b. SMART Objective 2 SMART 2
: Q58= question 30 primary/farmers Survey Period
(30) If you did discuss it, what did you talk about? Border between Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and village Benefits and influence of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve for the community Forms of managed conservation at Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Biodiversity at Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve protect climate
13.3%; 2
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Nothing discussed
6.7%; 1
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
*; *
Freq Error*
*; * 25.30%
ChiSq Significance
Under 50%*
*; * 27.20%
*; * 0.00%
0.00%
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
BaselineCampaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
PostCampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
33.3%; 5
33.3%; 4
-; 0
-; 0
40.0%; 6
25.0%; 3
-; 0
-; 0
c. SMART Objective 3 SMART 3
: Q58= question 30 primary/farmers Survey Period
(30) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting? Border between Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and village Benefits and influence of Sungai Lamandau
189
Wildlife Reserve for the community Forms of managed conservation at Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Biodiversity at Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve protect climate
13.3%; 2
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Nothing discussed
6.7%; 1
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
*; *
13.3%; 2
16.7%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
0.0%; 0
16.7%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
*; * 25.30%
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
Under 50%*
*; * 27.20%
*; * 0.00%
0.00%
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
BaselineCampaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
PostCampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
33.3%; 5
33.3%; 4
-; 0
-; 0
40.0%; 6
25.0%; 3
-; 0
-; 0
13.3%; 2
16.7%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
0.0%; 0
16.7%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
d. SMART Objective 4 SMART 4
: Q58= question 30 primary/farmers Survey Period
(30) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting? Border between Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and village Benefits and influence of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve for the community Forms of managed conservation at Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Biodiversity at Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve protect climate
13.3%; 2
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Nothing discussed
6.7%; 1
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
*; *
*; *
*; *
*; *
25.30%
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
Under 50%*
27.20%
0.00%
0.00%
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
BaselineCampaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
PostCampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
46.7%; 7
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
d. SMART Objective 5 SMART 5
: Q60= question 32 primary/farmers Survey Period
(32) If you did discuss it, what did you talk about? Benefits of sedentary farming
190
Farming technology
20.0%; 3
33.3%; 4
-; 0
-; 0
Status and form of land
6.7%; 1
25.0%; 3
-; 0
-; 0
Manage permanent land
20.0%; 3
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Didn’t discuss anything
6.7%; 1
16.7%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
Seeds for planting
0.0%; 0
16.7%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
Other
6.7%; 1
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
*; *
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
f.
*; * 25.80%
Under 50%*
*; * 27.20%
*; * 0.00%
0.00%
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
BaselineCampaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
PostCampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
46.7%; 7
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0 -; 0
SMART Objective 6
SMART 6
: Q60= question 32 primary/farmers Survey Period
(32) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting? Benefits of sedentary farming Farming technology
20.0%; 3
33.3%; 4
-; 0
Status and form of land
6.7%; 1
25.0%; 3
-; 0
-; 0
Manage permanent land
20.0%; 3
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Didn’t discuss anything
6.7%; 1
16.7%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
Seeds for planting
0.0%; 0
16.7%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
Other
6.7%; 1
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
*; *
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
*; * 25.80%
Under 50%*
*; * 27.20%
Under 50%*
*; * 0.00%
Under 50%*
0.00% Under 50%*
Change in Behaviour a. SMART Objective 1:
From 202 heads of houshold (HH) engaged in shifting cultivation 140 118 there was a 50% 120 increase (101 HH) to 100 Jumlah Petani Peladang 77,72 % = 157 HH. 80 Berpindah di 2 Desa These 157 HH = 118 60 42 39 (Tempayung dan Babual Baboti) HH (58,42%) sedentary 40 20 farming without fire 0 and 39 HH (19,30%) peladang peladang paladang slash and burn farmers menetap+tanpa menetap+tebas berpindah+tebas changing to sedentary bakar bakar bakar farmers. The rest are klasifikasi peladang still engaged in slash and burn and amount to 42 HH (20,79%). On average, the plots of land cleared by the community using slash and burn per year are 2 hectares. Members of the community not using shifting cultivation (and already settled on one plot) number 157 HH, this means they have decreased the threat of forest clearance totalling 314 hectares (157 HH x2 ju m lah p etan i
Bentuk Kegiatan Perladangan di 2 Desa (Tempayung dan Babual Baboti)
191
hectares/year). A positive impact has been a decrease in forest fire disasters. In fact, with the support of the village chief who always appeals to the community and promotes an end to burning the farmland when cleaning it up. b. SMART Objective 2: In June 2010, burning fields in Tempayung and Babual Baboti villages had decreased by 50% from a frequency of 515 to 606 after repeated monitoring (202 x 3 fires per month). Monitoring results up to June 2010 show that the practice of burning was not used. c. SMART Objective 3 primary/farmers Survey Period Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
BaselineCampaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
(38) During the last month, how many times have you seen another villager still clearing forest for shifting cultivation using the slash and burn approach? Sometimes or rarely
46.7%; 7
58.3%; 7
-; 0
-; 0
don’t know
53.3%; 8
41.7%; 5
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
100.0%; 15
100.0%; 12 25.80%
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
Under 50%
%; 0
28.50% Under 50%
%; 0 0.00%
Under 50%
0.00% Under 50%
SMART Objective for Farming Community near Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve: Knowledge a. SMART Objective 1: SMART 1
: Q21= question 10 secondary/farmers Survey Period Baseline-Campaign Area 56.1%, 293
Post CampaignCampaign Area 43.9%, 229
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
73.0%; 214
61.1%; 140
-; 0
-; 0
water absorption
55.3%; 162
48.9%; 112
-; 0
-; 0
creates clean air Source of irrigation
42.3%; 124
29.3%; 67
-; 0
-; 0
19.5%; 57
19.7%; 45
-; 0
-; 0
source of food
22.9%; 67
15.3%; 35
-; 0
-; 0
source of water
12.3%; 36
14.4%; 33
-; 0
-; 0
carbon storage place for spawning fish Protect against climate change Don’t know
13.3%; 39
12.2%; 28
-; 0
-; 0
9.9%; 29
16.6%; 38
-; 0
-; 0
0.0%; 0
22.3%; 51
-; 0
-; 0
3.1%; 9
2.6%; 6
-; 0
-; 0
(10) What do you know to be the functions of the forest in general? (there can be more than one answer) A habitat for animals and wildlife
192
Prevent floods
2.0%; 6
0.4%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
Source of medicines
0.7%; 2
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0 -; 0
Other
2.0%; 6
0.0%; 0
-; 0
Totals
*; *
*; *
*; *
Freq Error*
5.20%
ChiSq Significance
Yes at 99.0%*
6.40%
*; * 0.00%
0.00%
Yes at 99.0%*
Yes at 99.0%*
Yes at 99.0%*
Baseline-Campaign Area 56.1%, 293
Post CampaignCampaign Area 43.9%, 229
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
38.6%; 113 36.9%; 108
55.0%; 126 26.2%; 60
-; 0 -; 0
-; 0 -; 0
21.5%; 63
21.8%; 50
-; 0
-; 0
9.9%; 29
3.5%; 8
-; 0
-; 0
0.0%; 0
12.2%; 28
-; 0
-; 0
7.2%; 21
1.3%; 3
-; 0
-; 0
b. SMART Objective 2: SMART 2
: Q29= question 18 secondary/farmers Survey Period
(18) What are the links between damage to the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area and the intrusion of sea water (mention 2 links)? Don’t know Sea water contaminates the river and the land Disasters and tidal flooding Influences farming produce and what grows along the river Clean water hard to obtain Water absorbing area decreases which impacts on the abrasion of river banks Drives away wildlife, fish in river hard to find No connection
5.1%; 15
2.2%; 5
-; 0
-; 0
3.4%; 10
0.4%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
*; *
*; *
*; *
Freq Error*
5.70%
ChiSq Significance
Yes at 99.0%
6.60%
*; * 0.00%
0.00%
Yes at 99.0%
Yes at 99.0%
Yes at 99.0%
Post CampaignCampaign Area 43.9%, 229
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
Attitude a. SMART Objective 1: SMART 1
: Q44/G6= question 24 secondary/farmers Survey Period Baseline-Campaign Area 56.1%, 293
(D) Clearing land by slash and burn in the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area will not cause us
193
many problems
Disagree
48.8%; 143
8.7%; 20
-; 0
-; 0
Agree Strongly agree
13.0%; 38
44.5%; 102
-; 0
-; 0
6.1%; 18
23.1%; 53
-; 0
-; 0
neutral
13.7%; 40
13.1%; 30
-; 0
-; 0
Don’t know/Unsure
9.6%; 28
8.7%; 20
-; 0
-; 0
Strongly disagree Totals
8.9%; 26
1.7%; 4
-; 0
-; 0
100.0%; 293
Freq Error*
100.0%; 229 5.80%
ChiSq Significance
Yes at 99.0%
%; 0
6.60%
%; 0 0.00%
0.00%
Yes at 99.0%
Yes at 99.0%
Yes at 99.0%
Baseline-Campaign Area 56.1%, 293
Post CampaignCampaign Area 43.9%, 229
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
-; 0
b. SMART Objective 2: SMART 2
: Q46/G7= question 25 secondary/farmers Survey Period
(A) Setting up a permanent mixed crops plantation on your own land beneficial
87.7%; 257
79.0%; 181
-; 0
neutral Not so beneficial
4.4%; 13
12.2%; 28
-; 0
-; 0
5.1%; 15
3.5%; 8
-; 0
-; 0
Don’t know/Unsure Totals
2.7%; 8
5.2%; 12
-; 0
-; 0
100.0%; 293
100.0%; 229
%; 0
%; 0
Freq Error*
3.80%
ChiSq Significance
Yes at 95.0%
5.40%
0.00%
0.00%
Yes at 95.0%
Yes at 95.0%
Yes at 95.0%
Baseline-Campaign Area 56.1%, 293
Post CampaignCampaign Area 43.9%, 229
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
(B) Training for the community on setting up a mixed crops plantation without using slash and burn beneficial
84.6%; 248
86.0%; 197
-; 0
-; 0
neutral
8.2%; 24
8.3%; 19
-; 0
-; 0
Not so beneficial
2.7%; 8
3.9%; 9
-; 0
-; 0
Don’t know/Unsure Totals
4.4%; 13
1.7%; 4
-; 0
-; 0
100.0%; 293
100.0%; 229
%; 0
%; 0
c. SMART Objective 3: SMART 3
: Q47/G7= question 25 secondary/farmers Survey Period
Freq Error*
4.20%
ChiSq Significance
Under 50%
4.60% Under 50%
0.00% Under 50%
0.00% Under 50%
Interpersonal Communication a. SMART Objective 1: SMART 1
: Q56= question 28
194
secondary/farmers Survey Period
(28) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting? Nothing discussed
Baseline-Campaign Area 56.1%, 293
Post CampaignCampaign Area 43.9%, 229
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
22.9%; 67
69.4%; 159
-; 0
-; 0
34.8%; 102
13.1%; 30
-; 0
-; 0
21.5%; 63
3.5%; 8
-; 0
-; 0
12.3%; 36
7.4%; 17
-; 0
-; 0
4.1%; 12
0.9%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
1.7%; 5
3.5%; 8
-; 0
-; 0
3.4%; 10
0.9%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
Technology for land management Forms of forest and wildlife conservation Benefits of land management and forest conservation Threats to forest and wildlife Border between Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and village Biodiversity at Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Farming on permanent fields Community support
0.0%; 0
2.6%; 6
-; 0
-; 0
0.7%; 2
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
fishing
0.7%; 2
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
*; *
*; *
*; *
Freq Error*
5.60%
ChiSq Significance
Yes at 99.0%*
6.10%
*; * 0.00%
0.00%
Yes at 99.0%*
Yes at 99.0%*
Yes at 99.0%*
Baseline-Campaign Area 56.1%, 293
Post CampaignCampaign Area 43.9%, 229
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
27.6%; 81
71.2%; 163
-; 0
-; 0
31.1%; 91
10.0%; 23
-; 0
-; 0
14.7%; 43
9.2%; 21
-; 0
-; 0
11.3%; 33
4.4%; 10
-; 0
-; 0
8.2%; 24
3.9%; 9
-; 0
-; 0
b. SMART Objective 2: SMART 2
: Q58= question 30 secondary/farmers Survey Period
(30) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting? Nothing discussed Forms of managed conservation at Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Benefits and influence of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve for the community Border between Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and village Biodiversity at Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
195
Conservation of orangutans Threats to Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve Totals
6.5%; 19
3.1%; 7
-; 0
-; 0
2.4%; 7
0.4%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
*; *
Freq Error*
*; * 5.40%
ChiSq Significance
Yes at 99.0%
*; * 6.00%
*; * 0.00%
0.00%
Yes at 99.0%
Yes at 99.0%
Yes at 99.0%
Baseline-Campaign Area 56.1%, 293
Post CampaignCampaign Area 43.9%, 229
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
13.7%; 40
74.7%; 171
-; 0
-; 0
39.6%; 116
1.7%; 4
-; 0
-; 0
16.0%; 47
8.7%; 20
-; 0
-; 0
16.0%; 47
2.6%; 6
-; 0
-; 0
9.6%; 28
3.1%; 7
-; 0
-; 0
0.0%; 0
9.2%; 21
-; 0
-; 0
6.1%; 18
0.4%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
c. SMART Objective 3: SMART 3
: Q60= question 30 secondary/farmers Survey Period
(32) If you have discussed them, what do you find the most interesting? Didn’t discuss anything Farming technology Benefits of sedentary farming Support and instruction on farming Seeds for planting Manage permanent land without fire Status and form of land Knowing the planting seasons Farming capital
0.7%; 2
1.3%; 3
-; 0
-; 0
1.0%; 3
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Other
0.3%; 1
0.0%; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
*; *
*; *
*; *
Freq Error*
5.70%
ChiSq Significance
Yes at 99.0%*
5.70% Yes at 99.0%*
*; * 0.00%
Yes at 99.0%*
0.00% Yes at 99.0%*
Change in Behaviour a. SMART Objective 1: This data comprises a list of activities involving the local community (local government and students) in forest conservation (tree planting) on environmental days (Orangutan Caring Week, Earth Day, Forest Day, Living Environment Day) and celebration of parties in the villages. There were about 350 people involved in the tree planting activity, from children to youths to adults, both men and women. Looking at the date from the survey we can see that involvement can still be described as low. SMART 1
: Secondary Target (Q20=P9) secondary/farmers Survey Period Baseline-Campaign Area 56.1%, 293
Post CampaignCampaign Area 43.9%, 229
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
196
(9) I am going to read five statements about about the presence of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area. Choose the answer that is most suitable. I have no idea what the advantages of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area are. During the last 6 months, I have thought that the presence of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area is important and there should be efforts made to conserve it. During the last 6 months, I haven’t thought that the presence of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area has any importance in my life During the last 6 months, I have been involved several times in efforts to conserve the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area, for example planting trees, conservation education, discussions with Yayorin/OF UK I am always involved in all efforts to conserve the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area Totals
47.4%; 139
36.2%; 83
-; 0
-; 0
22.9%; 67
48.5%; 111
-; 0
-; 0
23.2%; 68
13.1%; 30
-; 0
-; 0
4.8%; 14
1.3%; 3
-; 0
-; 0
1.7%; 5
0.9%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
100.0%; 293
Freq Error*
100.0%; 229 5.80%
ChiSq Significance
Yes at 99.0%
6.60%
%; 0
%; 0 0.00%
0.00%
Yes at 99.0%
Yes at 99.0%
Yes at 99.0%
Post CampaignCampaign Area 43.9%, 229
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
b. SMART Objective 2: SMART 2
: Q64= question 36 secondary/farmers Survey Period Baseline-Campaign Area 56.1%, 293
197
(36) In the next 6 months, if there is a training program on managing a mixed crops plantation without slash and burn and conserving the forest in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve area, will you be willing to get involved? yes
62.1%; 182
59.8%; 137
-; 0
not sure
26.3%; 77
29.7%; 68
-; 0
-; 0
no
11.6%; 34
10.5%; 24
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
100.0%; 293
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
100.0%; 229 5.70%
Under 50%
%; 0
6.50% Under 50%
-; 0
%; 0 0.00%
Under 50%
0.00% Under 50%
c. Other achievements according to the Survey Does the community know where the boundary of Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve is? Primary Target (Q32=P21) primary/farmers Survey Period Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
BaselineCampaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
(21) Do you know where the boundary between the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and your village? I know
73.3%; 11
50.0%; 6
-; 0
-; 0
I don’t know
26.7%; 4
41.7%; 5
-; 0
-; 0
Other
0.0%; 0
8.3%; 1
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
100.0%; 15
100.0%; 12
%; 0
%; 0
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
22.80% Under 50%*
28.90%
0.00%
0.00%
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Baseline-Campaign Area 56.1%, 293
Post CampaignCampaign Area 43.9%, 229
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
(21) Do you know where the boundary between the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve and your village? I don’t know
68.9%; 202
65.5%; 150
-; 0
-; 0
I know
10.9%; 32
23.6%; 54
-; 0
-; 0
Not sure
20.1%; 59
10.9%; 25
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
100.0%; 293
100.0%; 229
%; 0
%; 0
Secondary Target (Q32=P21) secondary/farmers Survey Period
198
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
5.40% Yes at 99.0%
6.30% Yes at 99.0%
0.00% Yes at 99.0%
0.00% Yes at 99.0%
Does the community know that sedentary farming and mixed crops plantations can decrease the pressure to clear woodland to create land for farming?
Primary Target (Q31=P20) primary/farmers Survey Period Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
BaselineCampaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
(20) Do you know that sedentary farming and mixed crops plantations can decrease the pressure to clear woodland to create land for farming? I know
93.3%; 14
50.0%; 6
-; 0
-; 0
Not sure
0.0%; 0
33.3%; 4
-; 0
-; 0
I don’t know
6.7%; 1
16.7%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
100.0%; 15
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
100.0%; 12 12.90%
Yes at 75.0%*
%; 0
28.90%
%; 0 0.00%
0.00%
Yes at 75.0%*
Yes at 75.0%*
Yes at 75.0%*
Post CampaignCampaign Area 43.9%, 229
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
Secondary Target (Q31=P20) secondary/farmers Survey Period Baseline-Campaign Area 56.1%, 293 (20) Do you know that sedentary farming and mixed crops plantations can decrease the pressure to clear woodland to creat land for farming? I know
49.5%; 145
51.1%; 117
-; 0
-; 0
Not sure
23.9%; 70
35.8%; 82
-; 0
-; 0
I don’t know
26.6%; 78
13.1%; 30
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
100.0%; 293
100.0%; 229
%; 0
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
5.80% Yes at 99.0%
6.60% Yes at 99.0%
%; 0 0.00%
Yes at 99.0%
0.00% Yes at 99.0%
The impact of damaged forests on temperatures and climate change.
Primary Target (Q30=P19) primary/farmers Survey Period Post CampaignCampaign Area 55.6%, 15
BaselineCampaign Area 44.4%, 12
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
199
(19) What is the impact of damaged forests on temperatures and climate change? Air temperatures increase disaster
93.3%; 14
-; 0
-; 0
-; 0
13.3%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Increase in diseases
13.3%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
-; 0
Totals
*; *
*; *
*; *
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
12.90% Under 50%*
0.00%
*; * 0.00%
0.00%
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Under 50%*
Baseline-Campaign Area 56.1%, 293
Post CampaignCampaign Area 43.9%, 229
BaselineComparison 0.0%, 0
Post-CampaignComparison 0.0%, 0
-; 0
53.9%; 123
-; 0
-; 0
Secondary Target (Q30=P19) secondary/farmers Survey Period
What is the impact of damaged forests on temperatures and climate change? Air temperatures increase Don’t know
-; 0
33.8%; 77
-; 0
-; 0
Unpredictable weather disaster
-; 0
7.9%; 18
-; 0
-; 0
-; 0
7.0%; 16
-; 0
-; 0
Increase in diseases
-; 0
2.6%; 6
-; 0
-; 0
Unpredictable seasons Less oxygen produced by the forest Totals
-; 0
2.6%; 6
-; 0
-; 0
-; 0
0.9%; 2
-; 0
-; 0
*; *
Freq Error* ChiSq Significance
*; * 0.00%
Under 50%
*; * 6.60%
Under 50%
*; * 0.00%
Under 50%
0.00% Under 50%
200
Translator’s Appendix: Keys to Flow Charts Figure 3. The Conceptual Model of the Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
1: 2: 3: 4 5 6 7 8 9
: : : : : :
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
: : : : : : : : : : :
21 22 23 24
: : : :
Lack of education and environmental awareness Lack of knowledge about land management technology Discrepancy of agricultural instructions Low education and knowledge Illegal timber market Lack of law enforcement Lack of patrol and land monitoring Low human resources quality Lack of knowledge about agriculture cultivation methods Lack of land for field Shifting cultivation Local tradition Building construction materials Land sale by locals Oil palm plantation Demand for timber Illegal timber brokers Unclear area boundaries The dry season Grass burning to attract deers or other animals to hunt Forest fire Land clearing Illegal logging Financial pressure
25 : 26 : 27 :
Bad economic conditions Competition for social status Lack of attention from relevant institutions 28 : Consumers of poached animals 29 : Offers of employment in mining 30 : Illegal mining 31 : Water pollution 32 : Pastime 33 : Local source of protein 34 : Local tradition 35 : Poaching 36 : Offers of employment in timber production 37 : Consumerist mindset 38 : Lack of socialization 39 : Market demand 40 : Lack of awareness 41 : Project Scope: The Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve and Surrounding Areas 42 : Forest Habitat of Orangutans and Other Wildlife 43 : Animals (orangutans and others) or Wildlife 44 : Freshwater Ecosystems (wetlands, lakes and rivers
201
Figure 5. The forest fire factor chain
1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10 : 11 : 12 : 13 : 14 :
Lack of education and environmental awareness Low education and knowledge Lack of knowledge about land management technology Discrepancy of agricultural instructions Low human resources quality Lack of knowledge about agriculture cultivation methods Lack of land for field Local tradition Shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn The dry season Grass burning to attract deers or other animals to hunt Forest fire Land clearing Project Scope: The Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve and Surrounding Areas 15 : Forest Habitat of Orangutans and Other Wildlife
187
Figure 6. The land clearing factor chain
1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10 : 11 : 12 : 13 : 14 : 15 : 16 : 17 : 18 : 19 : 20 : 21 : 22 : 23 : 24 25 26 27 28
: : : : :
29 :
Market Garden Permanent Agriculture Campaigns and Awareness Raising Programs Lack of education and environmental awareness Lack of knowledge about land management technology Discrepancy of agricultural instructions Low education and knowledge Low human resources quality Lack of knowledge about agriculture cultivation methods Lack of land for field Shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn Grass burning to attract deers or other animals to hunt The dry season Bad economic conditions Local tradition Financial pressure Carbon Community Project Boundary Review in Community Meeting Community needs Land sale by locals Region Original Income (Pendapatan Asli Daerah) Lack of attention from relevant institutions Lack of socialization Lack of clear boundaries between the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve and surrounding villages Local government’s demand Oil palm plantation Forest fire Land clearing Project Scope: The Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve and Surrounding Areas Forest Habitat of Orangutans and Other Wildlife
188
Figure 7. The illegal logging factor chain
1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10 : 11 : 12 : 13 : 14 : 15 : 16 : 17 : 18 : 19 :
Lack of education and environmental awareness Lack of law enforcement Lack of patrol and land monitoring Illegal timber market Bad economic conditions Financial pressure Building construction materials Competition for social status Consumerist mindset Offers of employment in timber production Illegal timber brokers Demand for timber Lack of attention from relevant institutions Lack of socialization Lack of awareness Illegal logging Project Scope: The Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve and Surrounding Areas Forest Habitat of Orangutans and Other Wildlife Animals (orangutans and others) or Wildlife
189
Figure 8. The poaching factor chain
1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9:
Lack of patrol and land monitoring Consumers of poached animals Local source of protein Local tradition Pastime Market Demand Lack of Law Enforcement Poaching Project Scope: The Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve and Surrounding Areas 10: Animals (orangutans and others) or Wildlife
190
Figure 9. The water pollution factor chain
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
: : : : : : :
Lack of law enforcement Bad economic conditions Lack of patrol and land monitoring Offers of employment in mining Illegal logging Water pollution Project Scope: The Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve and Surrounding Areas 8 : Freshwater Ecosystems (wetlands, lakes and rivers
191
Image 10. Result Chain for the Strategic Managment to Reduce Problems in Sungai Lamandau Wildlife Reserve
1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10 : 11 : 12 : 13 : 14 : 15 : 16 : 17 : 18 : 19 : 20 : 21 : 22 : 23 : 24 : 25 : 26 : 27 : 28 : 29 : 30 : 31 : 32 : 33 : 34 : 35 : 36 : 37 : 38 : 39 :
K: Community’s knowledge about Market Garden Permanent Agriculture A: Farmers’ understanding of permanent agriculture methods IC: Discussion on Market Garden Permanent Agriculture among farmers BR: Market Garden Permanent Agriculture Strategy to be applied in Pride Campaign Manager activities Market Garden Permanent Agriculture Lack of land for field BC: Change from Shifting Cultivation (Slash-and-Burn) TR: Decrease in Land Clearing Threats CR: Protection of Orangutan and Wildlife Habitat Strategy to be applied in Pride Campaign Manager activities Campaign and Awareness Raising Programs Increase in farming community’s knowledge about land management technology Equal distribution of agricultural instruction practices and materials among villages Lack of education and environmental awareness Increase in education and knowledge Increase in human resources quality among farmers Increase in knowledge about agriculture cultivation methods Change from shifting cultivation tradition to permanent agriculture tradition Decrease in shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn Forest fire Land clearing Project Scope: The Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve and Surrounding Areas Forest Habitat of Orangutans and Other Wildlife Alternative source of income Fulfillment of financial needs Community needs Decrease in land sales by locals Decrease in shifting cultivation with slash-and-burn Strategy to be applied in Carbon Project Carbon Community Project Region Original Income (Pendapatan Asli Daerah) from carbon industry Local government’s efforts to protect forest areas Strategy to be applied through the Central Kalimantan Province BKSDA – SKW II facilitation Boundary Review in Community Meeting Relevant institutions’ consideration on how to clarify the boundaries More intensive socialization Clear boundaries between the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve and surrounding villages Result Chain: Land Clearing – Shifting Cultivation with Slash-and-Burn – Farmers (priority)
192
