Supplement of Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 449–463, 2017 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/449/2017/ doi:10.5194/acp-17-449-2017-supplement © Author(s) 2017. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
Supplement of Background aerosol over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau: observed characteristics of aerosol mass loading Bin Liu et al. Correspondence to: Shichang Kang (
[email protected]) and Zhiyuan Cong (
[email protected])
The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the CC-BY 3.0 licence.
29 30
Table S1. The method of mineral matter calculation in the fine aerosols at the HTP stations.
31
32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
Source pattern
Abb.
Formula
Mineral matter
MM
MM=CaO+MgO+Al2O3+Fe2O3+K2O+Na2O+SiO2
=1.89(Al)+1.66(Mg)+1.21(K)+1.40(Ca)+1.43(Fe)+1.35(Na)+2.14(Si) Si content was calculated according to the ratio of Si to Al in the upper continental crust recommended by Rudnick and Gao (2014).
Barren landscape in Ngari area
Barren land surface in Central Himalayas
Alpine grassland in Nam Co (June)
Alpine forest in Southeastern TP (September)
69 70
Fig. S1. Typical landscape and land surface characteristics around each of the
71
observation sites in the HTP region, i.e. at the Ngari station, QOMS station, Nam Co
72
station and SET station.
73 74 75 76
a
b Ngari station Nam Co station QOMS station SET station
c
Ngari station Nam Co station QOMS station SET station
d Ngari station Nam Co station QOMS station SET station
Ngari station Nam Co station QOMS station
SET station
m s-1
mm
77 78
Fig. S2. Spatial distributions of seasonal climatology for the HTP and adjacent areas
79
during the 2011-2013 observation period, including precipitation amount (mm) and
80
wind at 850 hPa (a: March–May; b: June–August; c: September–November; d:
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December–February). The bold black line marks the geographic location of the HTP,
82
and the black dots indicate the locations of the four stations. Precipitation and wind
83
datasets were derived from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and
84
Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), respectively.
85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
N
N
Ngari station
1 km
QOMS station
1 km
N
N
Nam Co Lake
Nam Co station
10 km
SET station
1 km
97 98
Fig. S3. Local geomorphology around the Ngari station (79°42′E, 33°23′N, 4,264 m
99
asl), QOMS station (86°57′E, 28°21′N, 4,300 m asl), Nam Co station (90°57′E,
100
30°46′N, 4,746 m asl) and SET station (94°44′E, 29°46′N, 3,326 m asl). Their
101
locations are marked with red five-pointed stars.
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
Concentration of PM2.5 (μg m-3)
500
100
10
1
0.1 1E-3
0.01
0.1
0.5
Fine-mode AOD at 500 nm 121 122
Fig. S4. Comparison between online PM2.5 concentrations and AERONET fine-mode
123
AOD (at 500 nm) at the QOMS station for the 2011-2013 period. Hourly averages
124
were used.
125 126
Expanded information about Figure 13
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The MISR-AOD (at 550 nm) values in Figure 13a are monthly Level 3 datasets for the
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2011-2013 period over the HTP, and were classified based on landscape. The fine-mode AOD (at
129
500 nm) data for barren and grassland sites were obtained from AERONET results at the QOMS
130
station and the Nam Co station, respectively (Fig. 13b). Fine-mode AOD (at 550 nm) data for the
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forest area in Figure 13b were estimated, based on monthly MODIS Terra (version 5.1) Level 3
132
results, using the formula fine-mode AOD (at 550 nm) = AOD (at 550 nm) * fine-mode fraction
133
(at 550 nm). Site land cover classifications are: alpine forest at the SETS station; alpine grassland
134
at the Nam Co station; and barren land cover at the QOMS station.
135 136 137 138 139
Reference Rudnick, RL, and Gao, S. 4.1-Composition of the continental crust, Treatise on Geochemistry, 2nd edition. Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 4-6, 2014.
