Supplementary Data - American Diabetes Association

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

MAGIC Investigators and Institutions Josée Dupuis1, 2, Claudia Langenberg3, Inga Prokopenko4, 5, Richa Saxena6, 7, Nicole Soranzo8, 9, Anne U Jackson10, Eleanor Wheeler11, Nicole L Glazer12, Nabila Bouatia-Naji13, Cecilia M Lindgren4, 5, Reedik Mägi4, 5, Andrew P Morris5, Joshua Randall5, Denis Rybin14, Toby Johnson15-17, Peter Henneman18, Christian Gieger19, Gudmar Thorleifsson20, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir20, Abbas Dehghan21, Jouke Jan Hottenga22, Christopher S Franklin23, Pau Navarro24, Kijoung Song25, Anuj Goel5, 26, John R B Perry27, Taina Lajunen28, Harald Grallert19, Man Li29, Heather M Stringham10, Meena Kumari30, Nicholas J Timpson31, Peter Shrader32, Erik Ingelsson33, 34, Carina Zabena35, Jeffrey O’Connell36, Christine Cavalcanti-Proença13, Jian'an Luan3, Amanda Elliott6, 7, Steven A McCarroll6, 7, Felicity Payne11, Rosa Maria Roccasecca11, Praveen Sethupathy37, Toby Andrew9, Yavuz Ariyurek38, Beverley Balkau39, Philip Barter40, Amanda J Bennett4, Yoav Ben-Shlomo41, Sven Bergmann15, 16, Murielle Bochud16, Eric Boerwinkle42, Amélie Bonnefond13, Lori L Bonnycastle37, Yvonne Böttcher43, Eric Brunner30, Suzannah J Bumpstead8, Yii-Der Ida Chen44, Peter Chines37, Robert Clarke45, Lachlan J M Coin46, Gabriel J Crawford6, Laura Crisponi47, Ian N M Day31, Eco de Geus22, Christian Dina13, Alex Doney48, Josephine M Egan49, Paul Elliott46, Michael R Erdos37, Antje Fischer-Rosinsky50, 51, Nita G Forouhi3, Caroline S Fox2, 52, Rune Frants18, Maria Grazia Franzosi53, Pilar Galan54, Mark O Goodarzi44, Jürgen Graessler55, Christopher J Groves4, Scott Grundy56, Rhian Gwilliam8, Göran Hallmans57, Naomi Hammond8, Xijing Han10, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen58, Caroline Hayward24, Simon C Heath59, Serge Hercberg60, Christian Herder61, Andrew Anthony Hicks62, Aroon D Hingorani30, Albert Hofman21, Bo Isomaa63, Antti Jula64, Marika Kaakinen65, Stavroula Kanoni66, Y Antero Kesaniemi67, Mika Kivimaki30, Beatrice Knight68, Seppo Koskinen69, Peter Kovacs70, G Mark Lathrop59, Debbie A Lawlor31, Yun Li10, Valeriya Lyssenko71, Robert Mahley72, Massimo Mangino9, Alisa K Manning1, María Teresa Martínez-Larrad35, Jarred B McAteer6, 73, 74, Ruth McPherson75, Christa Meisinger19, David Melzer27, David Meyre13, Braxton D Mitchell36, Mario A Morken37, Silvia Naitza47, Narisu Narisu37, Matthew J Neville4, 76, Ben A Oostra77, Marco Orrù47, Ruth Pakyz36, Colin N A Palmer78, Giuseppe Paolisso79, Cristian Pattaro62, Daniel Pearson37, John F Peden5, 26, Markus Perola80-82, Andreas F H Pfeiffer50, 51, Irene Pichler62, Ozren Polasek83, Danielle Posthuma22, 84, Simon C Potter8, Anneli Pouta85, Bruce M Psaty86, 87, Wolfgang Rathmann88, Nigel W Rayner4, 5, Kenneth Rice89, Samuli Ripatti80, 81, Fernando Rivadeneira21, 90, Olov Rolandsson91, Manjinder Sandhu3, 92, Serena Sanna47, Avan Aihie Sayer93, Paul Scheet94, Laura J Scott10, Udo Seedorf95, Stephen J Sharp3, Beverley Shields68, Erik J G Sijbrands21, 90, Angela Silveira96, Andrew Singleton97, Nicholas L Smith98, 99, Ulla Sovio46, Amy Swift37, Holly Syddall93, Ann-Christine Syvänen100, Toshiko Tanaka101, 102, Anke Tönjes43, 103, Tiinamaija Tuomi63, 104, André G Uitterlinden21, 90, Ko Willems van Dijk18, 105, Dhiraj Varma8, Sophie Visvikis-Siest106, Veronique Vitart24, Nicole Vogelzangs107, Gérard Waeber108, Peter J Wagner80, 81, Hugh Watkins5, 26, Michael N Weedon27, Sarah H Wild23, Gonneke Willemsen22, Jaqueline C M Witteman21, John W G Yarnell109, Diana Zelenika59, Björn Zethelius34, 110, Guangju Zhai9, Jing Hua Zhao3, M Carola Zillikens90, GIANT Consortium111, Global BPgen Consortium111, Ruth J F Loos3, Pierre Meneton60, David M Nathan73, 74, Gordon H Williams52, 74, Andrew T Hattersley68, Kaisa Silander80, 81, Veikko Salomaa112, George Davey Smith31, Stefan R Bornstein55, Peter Schwarz55, Joachim Spranger50, 51, Fredrik Karpe4, 76, Alan R Shuldiner36, Cyrus Cooper93, George V Dedoussis66, Manuel Serrano-Ríos35, Andrew D Morris78, Lars Lind100, Paul W Franks113, Shah Ebrahim114, Michael Marmot30, Johanna Kuusisto115, Markku Laakso115, W H Linda Kao29, 116, 117 , James S Pankow118, Peter Paul Pramstaller62, 119, 120, H Erich Wichmann19, 121, Thomas Illig19, Igor Rudan23, 122, 123, Alan Wright24, Michael Stumvoll43, Harry Campbell23, James F Wilson23, Anders Hamsten on behalf of the PROCARDIS Consortium96, Richard N Bergman124, Thomas A Buchanan124, 125, Francis S Collins37, Karen L Mohlke126, Jaakko Tuomilehto104, 127, Timo T Valle127, David Altshuler6, 7, 73, 74, Jerome I Rotter44, David S Siscovick128, Brenda W J H Penninx107, Dorret Boomsma22, Panos Deloukas8, Timothy D Spector8, 9, Timothy M Frayling27, Luigi Ferrucci129, Augustine Kong20, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir20, 130, Kari Stefansson20, 130, Cornelia M van Duijn21, Yurii S Aulchenko21, Antonio Cao47, Angelo Scuteri131, David Schlessinger37, Manuela Uda47, Aimo ©2011 American Diabetes Association. Published online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/db11-0176/-/DC1

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Ruokonen58, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin65, Dawn M Waterworth25, Peter Vollenweider108, Leena Peltonen8, 80-82, 132 , Vincent Mooser25, Goncalo R Abecasis10, Nicholas J Wareham3, Robert Sladek133, 134, Philippe Froguel13, 135, Richard M Watanabe124, 136, James B Meigs32, 74, Leif Groop71, Michael Boehnke10, Mark I McCarthy4, 5, 76, Jose C Florez6, 7, 73, 74 and Inês Barroso11 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA. MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Department, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK. Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. CNRS-UMR8090, Pasteur Institute, Lille 2-Droit et Santé University, F-59000 Lille, France. Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland. University Institute of Social and Preventative Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland. Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands. Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany. deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, the Netherlands. Department of Biological Psychology, VU, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK. MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. Medical Genetics/Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine, Glaxo SmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, UK. Unit for Child and Adolescent Health and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland. Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. ©2011 American Diabetes Association. Published online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/db11-0176/-/DC1

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30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59.

Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK. MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK. General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands. INSERM U780-IFR69, Paris Sud University, F-94807 Villejuif, France. The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK. The Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA. Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK. Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia (INN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy. Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Level 7, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK. Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charite-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy. U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France. Department of Medicine III, Division Prevention and Care of Diabetes, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden. Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland. Centre National de Génotypage/IG/CEA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5721, 91057 Evry Cedex, France. ©2011 American Diabetes Association. Published online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/db11-0176/-/DC1

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60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.

U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, 15 rue de l’Ecole de Médecine, 75270 Paris Cedex, France. Institute for Clinical Diabetes Research, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Germany. Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Population Studies, Turku, Finland. Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, Box 5000, Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland. Department of Nutrition - Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece. Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Diabetes Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Living Conditions, Health and Wellbeing, Helsinki, Finland. Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Inselstr. 22, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmo, Malmo, Sweden. Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK. Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, the Netherlands. Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK. Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland. Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Department of Medical Statistics,Epidemiology and Medical Informatics,Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School, University of Zagreb,Rockefellerova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Department of Clinical Genetics, VUMC, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, Washington, USA. Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA, the Netherlands. Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Family Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ©2011 American Diabetes Association. Published online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/db11-0176/-/DC1

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93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124.

MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA. Leibniz-Institut für Arterioskleroseforschung an der Universität Münster,Münster, Germany. Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden. Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA. Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Medstar Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA. Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA. Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands. Research Unit, Cardiovascular Genetics, Nancy University Henri Poincaré, Nancy, France. EMGO Institute/Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Epidemiology & Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK. Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden. See appendix for full list of authors. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Helsinki, Finland. Genetic Epidemiology & Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK. Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland. Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA. Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany. Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-MaximiliansUniversität, Munich, Germany. School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia. Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.

©2011 American Diabetes Association. Published online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/db11-0176/-/DC1

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125. Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA. 126. Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. 127. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit of Diabetes Prevention, Helsinki, Finland. 128. Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 129. Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 130. Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland. 131. 28 UO Geriatria - Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (INRCA IRCCS) - Rome, Italy. 132. The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA. 133. Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. 134. Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal H3A 1A4, Canada. 135. Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK. 136. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA.


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Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the significant role of CHARGE and MAGIC Consortiums for this work. Publications fees were paid through a grant from the Swedish Research Council to PWF. FHS: The Framingham Heart Study was conducted in part using data and resources from the Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health and Boston University School of Medicine. The analyses reflect intellectual input and resource development from the Framingham Heart Study investigators participating in the SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) project. This work was partially supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study (Contract No. N01-HC-25195) and its contract with Affymetrix, Inc for genotyping services (Contract No. N02-HL-6-4278). A portion of this research utilized the Linux Cluster for Genetic Analysis (LinGA-II) funded by the Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center. Also supported by National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) R01 DK078616 to Drs. Meigs, Dupuis and Florez, NIDDK K24 DK080140 to Dr. Meigs, and NIDDK Research Career Award K23 DK65978, a Massachusetts General Hospital Physician Scientist Development Award and a Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Clinical Scientist Development Award to Dr. Florez. Dr. Hivert was supported by the Centre de Recherche Medicale de l’Universite de Sherbrooke (CRMUS) and a Canadian Institute of Health Research (CHIR) Fellowships Health Professional Award. MDC: The Malmö Diet & Cancer study was initiated and planned in collaboration with the Internal Agency for Research on Cancer, the Swedish Cancer Society, and Swedish Medical Research Council and the Faculty of Medicine Lund University, Sweden. The study is also funded by Region Skåne, City of Malmö, Påhlsson Foundation and the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation. FamHS: The Family Heart Study work was supported in part by NIH grants 5R01 HL08770003, 5R01 HL08821502 (Michael A. Province) from NHLBI, and 5R01 DK07568102, 5R01 DK06833603 from NIDDK (Ingrid B. Borecki). The FamHS investigators thank the staff and participants of the study for their important contributions. CHS: The Cardiovascular Health Study research reported in this article was supported by contract numbers N01-HC-80007, N01-HC-85079 through N01-HC-85086, N01-HC-35129, N01 HC-15103, N01 HC-55222, N01-HC-75150, N01-HC-45133, grant numbers U01 HL080295 and R01 HL087652 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. DNA handling and genotyping was supported in part by National Center for Research Resources grant M01RR00069 to the Cedars-Sinai General Clinical Research Center Genotyping core and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grant DK063491 to the Southern California Diabetes Endocrinology Research Center. A full list of principal CHS investigators and institutions can be found at http://www.chsnhlbi.org/pi.htm. InCHIANTI: The Aging in the Chianti area study baseline (1998-2000) was supported as a “targeted project” (ICS110.1/RF97.71) by the Italian Ministry of Health and in part by the U.S. National Institute on Aging (Contracts: 263 MD 9164 and 263 MD 821336). The InCHIANTI investigators thank the study participants and Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging who is responsible for the InCHIANTI samples. Rotterdam Study: The generation and management of GWAS genotype data for the Rotterdam Study was funded by the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research NWO Investments (nr. 175.010.2005.011, 911-03-012), the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (014-93-015; RIDE2), the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA) project nr. 050-060-810. The Rotterdam Study is further funded by Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE), the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports, the European Commission (DG XII), and the Municipality of Rotterdam. We would like to thank Dr. Tobias A. ©2011 American Diabetes Association. Published online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/db11-0176/-/DC1

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Knoch, Luc V. de Zeeuw, Anis Abuseiris, and Rob de Graaf as well as their institutions the Erasmus Computing Grid, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and especially the national German MediGRID and Services@MediGRID part of the German D-Grid, both funded by the German Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technology under grants #01 AK 803 A-H and # 01 IG 07015 G, for access to their grid resources. The Rotterdam Study investigators thank Dr. Tobias A. Knoch, Luc V. de Zeeuw, Anis Abuseiris, and Rob de Graaf as well as their institutions the Erasmus Computing Grid, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and especially the national German MediGRID and Services@MediGRID part of the German D-Grid, both funded by the German Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technology under grants #01 AK 803 A-H and # 01 IG 07015 G, for access to their grid resources and also Pascal Arp, Mila Jhamai, Dr Michael Moorhouse, Marijn Verkerk, and Sander Bervoets for their help in creating the GWAS database. The authors are grateful to the study participants, the staff from the Rotterdam Study and the participating general practitioners and pharmacists. ARIC: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study is carried out as a collaborative study supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contracts (HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268201100007C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN268201100009C, HHSN268201100010C, HHSN268201100011C, and HHSN268201100012C), R01HL087641, R01HL59367 and R01HL086694; National Human Genome Research Institute contract U01HG004402; and National Institutes of Health contract HHSN268200625226C. The authors thank the staff and participants of the ARIC study for their important contributions. Infrastructure was partly supported by Grant Number UL1RR025005, a component of the National Institutes of Health and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research.. Dr. Nettleton is supported by a K01 from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (5K01DK082729-02). The ARIC authors thank the staff and participants of the ARIC study for their important contributions. PIVUS: The SNP Technology Platform for the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors study is supported by Uppsala University and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. E.I. was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research while working with this article. The PIVUS investigators thank Tomas Axelsson, Ann-Christine Wiman and Caisa Pöntinen for their excellent assistance with genotyping. Health ABC: This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging. The Health, Aging and Body Composition study is supported by NIA contracts N01AG62101, N01AG62103, and N01AG62106. The genome-wide association study was funded by NIA grant R01 AG032098 to Wake Forest University Health Sciences and genotyping services were provided by the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR). CIDR is fully funded through a federal contract from the National Institutes of Health to The Johns Hopkins University, contract number HHSN268200782096C. Fenland: The Fenland study is funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Medical Research Council. Biochemical assays were performed by the National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Core Biochemistry Assay Laboratory, and the Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. The Fenland study investigators are grateful to all the volunteers for their time and help and to the General Practitioners and practice staff for help with recruitment and thank the Fenland Study co-ordination team, the Field Epidemiology team, and the Fenland Study investigators. ULSAM: The SNP Technology Platform for the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men study is supported by Uppsala University and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. E.I. was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research while working with this article. The ULSAM investigators thank Tomas Axelsson, Ann-Christine Wiman and Caisa Pöntinen for their excellent assistance with genotyping. ©2011 American Diabetes Association. Published online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/db11-0176/-/DC1

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GHRAS: The Greek Health Randomized Aging Study was supported by the Department of Nutrition-Dietetics of Harokopio University of Athens, Greece and the genotyping by the Diabetes UK (grant RD08/0003704). The GHRAS investigators would like to thank all the field investigators for samples and data collection and all the elderly for their participation in the study. GENDAI: The Gene-Diet Attica Investigation on childhood obesity was supported by a research grant from Coca Cola Hellas and the genotyping by the Diabetes UK (grant RD08/0003704). The GENDAI investigators would like to thank all the field investigators for samples and data collection and all the children and their parents for their participation in the study. GLACIER: The Gene-Lifestyle interactions And Complex traits Involved in Elevated disease Risk study was funded by project grants from Novo Nordisk (PWF), the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (PWF), the Swedish Diabetes Association (to PWF), Påhlssons Foundation (PWF), the Swedish Research Council (PWF), Umeå University Career Development Award (PWF), and The Heart Foundation of Northern Sweden (PW). FR was supported by a post-doctoral stipend from the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation. The GLACIER investigators are indebted to the study participants who dedicated their time and samples to these studies. The GLACIER investigators also thank the VIP and Umeå Medical Biobank staff for biomedical data collection and preparation and specifically thank John Hutiainen, Åsa Ågren and Sara Nilsson (Umeå Medical Biobank) for data organization, Kerstin Enquist and Thore Johansson (Västerbottens County Council) for expert technical assistance with DNA preparation, and David Hunter, Patrice Soule and Hardeep Ranu (Harvard School of Public Health) for expert assistance with planning and undertaking genotyping of GLACIER samples.


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Supplementary Table 1. General cohort information, glucose measurement, dietary assessment method and genotyping details across the 14 participating cohorts. Cohort

FHS

MDC

FamHS

CHS

Country

USA

Sweden

USA

USA

Collection type Consortium

Populatio n-based CHARG E, MAGIC 1208363, 1737218 9 http://ww w.framin ghamhea rtstudy.or g/

Populatio n-based -

Familybased MAGIC

8429286

8651220

Populatio n-based CHARG E, MAGIC 1669507

11129752

19728115

http://ww w.med.lu .se/klinve tmalmo/ mkc_mf m

https://ds gweb.wu stl.edu/P ROJECT S/MP1.ht ml

http://ww w.chsnhlbi.org /

http://www .inchiantist udy.net/bin dex.html

Fasting plasma

Fasting whole blood (correcti on factor used 1.13) Hexokin aseglucose6-

Fasting serum

Fasting serum

Glucose oxidase enzymati cspectrop

Kodak Ektache m 700 analyzer

Reference cohort (PMID) Website

Glucose Measurement Sample

Assay

Hexokin ase reagent kit

InCHIAN TI Italy

ARIC

PIVUS

USA Populatio n-based CHARG E, MAGIC 2646917

http://www .erasmusepidemiolo gy.nl/resea rch/ergo.ht m

Fasting plasma

Enzymatic colorimetri c assay using a

Population -based MAGIC

Rotterda m Study the Netherland s Population -based CHARGE, MAGIC

Fenland

ULSAM

GHRAS

Sweden

Health ABC USA

Greece

GENDA I Greece

GLACIE R Sweden

UK

Sweden

Population -based MAGIC

Populatio n-based -

Populatio n-based MAGIC




Population -based -

16141402

-

-

1603027 8

1837634 9

1737872 4

19164386, 14660243

http://ww w.cscc.u nc.edu/ar ic/

http://www .medsci.uu. se/pivus/pi vus.htm

http://ww w.nia.nih .gov/Res earchInfo rmation/ Scientific Resource s/Health ABCDes cription.h tm

http://ww w.mrcepid.cam .ac.uk/St udies/Fe nland/

http://ww w.pubcar e.uu.se/U LSAM/

-

-

-

Fasting serum

Fasting serum

Fasting plasma

Fasting plasma

Fasting plasma

Fasting plasma

Fasting plasma

Fasting plasma

Fasting plasma

Hexokinas e method (Boehringe r

Hexokin ase/gluco se-6phosphat

Reference method at Uppsala University

Glucose oxidase reaction (YSI

Hexokin ase kit (Siemens Healthca

Glucose dehydrog enase method

Enzymati c colorimet ric assay

Enzymati c colorimet ric assay

Benchtop analyser (Reflotron; Boehringer


SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Dietary Assessment Method

Data QC

(Agent glucose test, Abbott, south Pasadena , CA, USA)

phosphat e dehydrog enase method

hotometr ic procedur e on a Vitros analyzer (Ortho Clinical Diagnost ics, Rocheste r, NY)

with reagents (Eastman Kodak, Rocheste r, NY)

modified glucose oxidaseperoxidase method (Roche Diagnostic s GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) on a RocheHitachi 917 analyzer

Mannheim )

e dehydrog enase method

Hospital

2300, Yellow Springs, OH)

re) on a Dimensi on RxL Analyser (Siemens Healthca re)

(GlucDH, Merck, Darmsta dt, Germany )

(Sigma Diagnost ics, St. Louis, MO, USA) on an automate d ACE analyzer

(Sigma Diagnost ics, St. Louis, MO, USA) on an automate d ACE analyzer

Mannheim, Germany)

Selfadminist ered FFQ (126item)

Selfadminist ered diet record (7-day) & Interview -based FFQ (168item) Interview er-judged

Interview administ ered FFQ (66-item)

Selfadminist ered FFQ (99-item)

Interview administer ed FFQ (236-item)

Self- & Interviewadminister ed FFQ


Selfadminister ed diet record (7day)

Interview administ ered FFQ (108item)

Selfadminist ered FFQ (130item)

Selfadminist ered diet record (7-day)


Interview administ ered 24-h recall (2 non conseque nt days)

Selfadminister ed FFQ (66 item)

799.3