Supplementary Materials: Integrated Utilization of Sewage Sludge and Coal Gangue for Cement Clinker Products: Promoting Tricalcium Silicate Formation and Trace Elements Immobilization Zhenzhou Yang, Yingyi Zhang, Lili Liu, Seshadri Seetharaman, Xidong Wang and Zuotai Zhang 1. The Equations of Compositional Parameters in Cement Chemistry: Lime saturation coefficient:
KH = (CaO-1.65 Al 2 O 3 - 0.34 Fe 2 O 3 ) / 2.8 SiO 2
(S1)
0.902 < KH < 0.915. Silica Modulus:
SM = SiO 2 / (Al 2 O 3 + Fe 2 O 3 )
(S2)
IM = Al 2 O 3 / Fe 2 O 3
(S3)
L .S. F = CaO/ (2.8 SiO 2 + 1.18 Al 2 O 3 + 0.65 Fe 2 O 3 )
(S4)
2.25 < SM < 2.35. Iron modulus:
1.3 < IM < 1.4. Lime saturation:
0.94 < L.S.F < 0.96. 2. Prepared Method All mixtures were pressed to φ20 mm × 5 mm slices by applying a pressure of 10 Mpa and calcined in the programmable electrically heated tube furnace. The furnace temperature was raised at the rate of 10 °C/min from room temperature to 1450 °C. The temperature was maintained at 950 °C for 30 min to ensure the complete decomposition of CaCO3 and held at 1450 °C for 2 h.
Spectral Feature Band Band Shoulder Band Band Peak Band Shoulder Shoulder Band Shoulder Band Shoulder Shoulder Band Band Shoulder Shoulder Shoulder Shoulder Band Band Band Band
Probable Assignment Outer OH stretching O–H stretching Symmetric C–H stretching O–C=O stretching C=O stretching C=O symmetrical stretching Trace of quartz Apical Si–O stretching (PO4) groups Si–O stretching of Si–O–Si and Si–O–Al ν3(SiO4) in C2S ν3(SiO4) in C3S Al-OH libration (inner, outer) ν3(SiO4) in C2S ν3(SiO4) in C3S ν1(SiO4) in C2S ν1(SiO4) in C3S Trace of quartz OH translation Al-O vibrations in ferrite and tricalcium aluminate SiO4 tetrahedra out-of-plane bending vibrations Si–O–AlVI deformation Si–O bending Al–O vibration in C3A
Table S2. The chemical analysis of the raw materials in the reference.
Raw Meals Limestore Sand Clay Fe2O3
SiO2 5 88.6 37.1 0
Al2O3 2.4 2.9 10.6 0
Fe2O3 0.74 2.67 4.23 96
CaO 50 2.2. 18.7 0
LOI 40.7 2.61 20.6 0.5
Figure S1. Particle size distribution of raw meals.
Materials 2016, 21, 275; doi:10.3390/ma9040275
S3 of S3
a)
b)
S5
S5
Shoulder Peak
Shoulder Peak S4
S4
S3
S3
S2
S2
S1
S1
Split Blip
32.0
32.2
32.4
32.6
32.8
33.0
51.2
51.4
51.6
51.8
52.0
52.2
Two theta(deg)
Two theta(deg)
Figure S2. Detail of XRD peaks appearing between 32° and 33°, and between 51° and 52° with different amount of SS addition: (a) XRD peak between 32° and 33°; and (b) XRD peak between 51° and 52°.
a)
b) S7
S7 S3
S3
32.0
32.2
32.4
32.6
Two theta(deg)
32.8
S6
S6
S2
S2
33.0 51.2
51.4
51.6
51.8
52.0
52.2
Two theta(deg)
Figure S3. The comparison detail of XRD peaks appearing between 32° and 33°, and between 51° and 52° with different amount of SS and CG addition: (a) XRD peak between 32° and 33°; and (b) XRD peak between 51° and 52°.