Sustainable Reservoir Development and Management by the IAHS/ICWRS Project Team (July 1993-July 1998)
Edited by Kuniyoshi Takeuchi Michael Hamlin Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz Dan Rosbjerg Slobodan P. Simonovic
The River Environment Fund of Japan provided financial sponsorship for this publication
IAHS Publication no. 251 in the IAHS Series of Proceedings and Reports
Published by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 1998 IAHS Press, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
IAHS Publication no. 251 ISBN 1-901502-60-0 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
IAHS is indebted to the employers of all the Editors for the support and services provided.
The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IAHS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in the publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by IAHS of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.
Files of the chapters provided by the editors were formatted in house style and assembled by Penny Kisby (IAHS Press, Wallingford, UK).
Printed in The Netherlands by Krips repro Meppel.
vii
Contents
Preface
v
List of contributors
x
CHAPTER 1
Introduction (edited by K. Takeuchi & D. Rosbjerg) 1.1
Objective K. Takeuchi, Z. W. Kundzewicz, D. Rosbjerg & S. P. Simonovic
1.2
Background and scope K. Takeuchi, Z. W. Kundzewicz, D. Rosbjerg & S. P. Simonovic
1
1.3
Current status of reservoirs
4
1.3.1 Number, size and shape of reservoirs
K. Takeuchi
7
& S. P. Simonovic
K. Takeuchi
9
1.3.4 Factors controlling the future needs of reservoirs 1.4
4
K. Takeuchi
1.3.2 Land efficiency discussion of large reservoirs 1.3.3 Reservoir sedimentation
1
K. Takeuchi
& S. P. Simonovic
10
Critiques of present reservoirs P. Hjorth, Z. W. Kundzewicz, L. S. Kuchment & D. Rosbjerg
14
1.4.1 Introduction
14
1.4.2 Environmental effects of reservoir construction
16
1.4.3 Socio-cultural and institutional problems
20
1.4.4 Problems related to the use of reservoirs
22
1.4.5 Concluding remarks
25
References
28
CHAPTER 2
Sustainability and Reservoirs (edited by K. Takeuchi & Z. W. Kundzewicz) 2.1
Notions of sustainable development 2.1.1 Introduction
K. Takeuchi
31 31
& Z. W. Kundzewicz
2.1.2 Sustainable development: perspective of WCED and UNCED
K. Takeuchi
&
Z. W. Kundzewicz
31
2.1.3 Indicators of sustainability Z.
36
W. Kundzewicz
2.1.4 Follow-up discussions of sustainable development
K. Takeuchi,
S. P.
Simonovic
& Z. W. Kundzewicz
2.2
37
Sustainable development and management in the reservoir context
43
2.2.1 Introduction
43
K. Takeuchi
& Z. W. Kundzewicz
2.2.2 Integrated water resources management 2.2.3 Notion of multiple objectives P. Hjorth,
K. Takeuchi
& P. Hjorth
Z. W. Kundzewicz
& S. P. Simonovic
44 47
Contents
vin
2.2.4 Risk- and uncertainty-related considerations
P. Hjorth,
Z. W. Kundzewicz
&
K. Takeuchi
51
2.2.5 Systems view
54
S. P. Simonovic
2.2.6 Sustainability criteria for possible use in reservoir analysis S. P. Simonovic
55
2.2.7 Rationale of the checklist for sustainable reservoir development and management K. Takeuchi
58
References
60
CHAPTER 3
Comparative Assessment of Reservoirs with Non-reservoir Alternatives (edited by Z. W. Kundzewicz) 3.1
Introduction Z. W. Kundzewicz &. P. Hjorth
63
3.2
Multipurpose reservoirs versus alternatives Z. W. Kundzewicz, P. Hjorth & K. Takeuchi
64
3.2.1 Water demand and supply
66
3.2.2 Energy
72
3.3
3.2.3 Flood control
76
3.2.4 Other purposes
77
Final remarks Z. W. Kundzewicz &. P. Hjorth
78
References
80
CHAPTER 4
Design and Management of Reservoirs (edited by S. P. Simonovic & K. Takeuchi) 4.1
4.2
Introduction S. P. Simonovic
81
4.1.1 Structure of the chapter
81
4.1.2 Dimensions of reservoir analyses
82
Hydrological input for reservoir design and management
84
4.2.1 Time series analysis of reservoir inflows
84
L. S. Kuchment
4.2.2 Use of inflow forecasts for efficient management of reservoirs 4.3
89
K. Takeuchi
Methodological contributions to the design and management of sustainable reservoirs 4.3.1 New method for the design of a sustainable reservoir
A. S. Kotula
&
S. P. Simonovic
4.3.2 Methodology for reassessment of existing reservoirs
95 95
106
S. P. Simonovic
4.3.3 Methodology for net benefit allocation for reservoir redevelopment
N. Okada
H. Sakakibara
& 112
4.3.4 The least marginal environmental impact (LMEI) rule for reservoir sizing K. Takeuchi
4.4
& M. M. Hufschmidt
Conclusion S. P. Simonovic
References
120
124 126
Contents
ix
CHAPTER 5
Case Studies (edited by D. Rosbjerg) 5.1
Introduction D. Rosbjerg
129
5.2
The Alta hydropower development scheme N. R. Saelthun
130
5.2.1 Introduction to the Alta case
130
5.2.2 The
river
130
5.2.3 Undercurrents in society
5.3
5.4
5.2.4 The Alta hydropower scheme
134
5.2.5 "The Alta affair"
136
5.2.6 Impacts of reservoir development
138
5.2.7 Design and management of reservoirs
140
5.2.8 Comparative assessment of the reservoir with non-reservoir alternatives
141
5.2.9 Sustainability issues
141
Aswan High Dam H. Fahmy
142
5.3.1 Introduction to the Aswan case study
142
5.3.2 Inundation of populated areas
144
5.3.3 Sedimentation problems
147
5.3.4 Conclusion on the Aswan case study
150
Management of annual peak flows to restore aquatic resources in Green River, Utah E. D. Andrews & L. A. Pizzi
151
5.4.1 Introduction to the Green River case study
151
5.4.2 Historical development of Colorado River basin water resources
153
5.4.3 Hydrology of the Green River basin
155
5.4.4 Ecological and geomorphological alteration of the Green River
161
5.4.5 Anticipated benefits of increased flood magnitude and duration
163
5.4.6 Conflicts and opportunities for increased 5.5
5.6
132
flooding
164
5.4.7 Conclusion on the Green River case study
166
Projects undertaken to achieve sustainable development of dam reservoirs in Japan S. Ikebuchi, N. Okada & H. Sakakibara
167
5.5.1 Introduction to the Japanese reservoir policy
167
5.5.2 Projects related to sustainable development of reservoirs
167
5.5.3 Legal arrangements for social impacts of dam construction projects
169
5.5.4 Water quality conservation measures for dam reservoirs
170
5.5.5 Rehabilitation of an existing reservoir
171
5.5.6 Improvement of the management and operation of dam reservoirs
173
5.5.7 Regional promotion and regional planning centred around dams
174
5.5.8 Other issues
177
5.5.9 Conclusion on the Japanese study
178
Concluding remarks on the case studies D. Rosbjerg
179
References
180
Contents
X
CHAPTER 6
Checklists and Concluding Remarks K. Takeuchi, Z. W. Kundzewicz, D. Rosbjerg, S. P. Simonovic 6.1
Checklists for sustainable reservoir development and management
183
6.2
Concluding remarks
187
List of Contributors Edmund D. Andrews, US Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
[e-mail:
[email protected]]
Hussam Fahmy, National Research Institute, PO Box 6, El-Qanatir 13621, Egypt
[e-mail:
[email protected]]
Peder Hjorth, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden [e-mail:
[email protected]] Maynard M. Hufschmidt, 19191 Harvard Avenue, Apt. 107E, Irvine, California 92612, USA Shuichi Ikebuchi, Water Resources Research Centre, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan [e-mail:
[email protected]] Toshiharu Kojiri, Water Resources Research Centre, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan [e-mail:
[email protected]] Agnes S. Kotula, ACRES International, 4342 Queen Street, PO Box 1001, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada L2E 6W1 [e-mail:
[email protected]] Lev S. Kuchment, Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 NovoBasmannaya, Moscow 107078, Russia [e-mail:
[email protected]] Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz, Research Centre of Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bukowska 19, 60-809 Poznan, Poland [e-mail:
[email protected]] Norio Okada, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan [e-mail: okada@@wrcn2.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp] Leslie Abrams Pizzi, US Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
[e-mail:
[email protected]]
Dan Rosbjerg, Department of Hydrodynamics and Water Resources (IS VA), Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark [e-mail:
[email protected]] Nils Roar Saelthun, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Brekkeveien 19, N-0411 Oslo, Norway [e-mail:
[email protected]] Hiroyuki Sakakibara, Department of Civil Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan [e-mail:
[email protected]] Slobodan P. Simonovic, Natural Resources Institute and Civil and Geological Engineering Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 3N2 [
[email protected]] Kuniyoshi Takeuchi, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yamanashi University, Kofu 400-8511, Japan [e-mail:
[email protected]]