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Published by the International Association of Hydrological. Sciences ... A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. IAHS is .... 5.5 Projects undertaken to achieve sustainable development of dam reservoirs in Japan S.
Sustainable Reservoir Development and Management by the IAHS/ICWRS Project Team (July 1993-July 1998)

Edited by Kuniyoshi Takeuchi Michael Hamlin Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz Dan Rosbjerg Slobodan P. Simonovic

The River Environment Fund of Japan provided financial sponsorship for this publication

IAHS Publication no. 251 in the IAHS Series of Proceedings and Reports

Published by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 1998 IAHS Press, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK

IAHS Publication no. 251 ISBN 1-901502-60-0 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

IAHS is indebted to the employers of all the Editors for the support and services provided.

The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IAHS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in the publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by IAHS of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.

Files of the chapters provided by the editors were formatted in house style and assembled by Penny Kisby (IAHS Press, Wallingford, UK).

Printed in The Netherlands by Krips repro Meppel.

vii

Contents

Preface

v

List of contributors

x

CHAPTER 1

Introduction (edited by K. Takeuchi & D. Rosbjerg) 1.1

Objective K. Takeuchi, Z. W. Kundzewicz, D. Rosbjerg & S. P. Simonovic

1.2

Background and scope K. Takeuchi, Z. W. Kundzewicz, D. Rosbjerg & S. P. Simonovic

1

1.3

Current status of reservoirs

4

1.3.1 Number, size and shape of reservoirs

K. Takeuchi

7

& S. P. Simonovic

K. Takeuchi

9

1.3.4 Factors controlling the future needs of reservoirs 1.4

4

K. Takeuchi

1.3.2 Land efficiency discussion of large reservoirs 1.3.3 Reservoir sedimentation

1

K. Takeuchi

& S. P. Simonovic

10

Critiques of present reservoirs P. Hjorth, Z. W. Kundzewicz, L. S. Kuchment & D. Rosbjerg

14

1.4.1 Introduction

14

1.4.2 Environmental effects of reservoir construction

16

1.4.3 Socio-cultural and institutional problems

20

1.4.4 Problems related to the use of reservoirs

22

1.4.5 Concluding remarks

25

References

28

CHAPTER 2

Sustainability and Reservoirs (edited by K. Takeuchi & Z. W. Kundzewicz) 2.1

Notions of sustainable development 2.1.1 Introduction

K. Takeuchi

31 31

& Z. W. Kundzewicz

2.1.2 Sustainable development: perspective of WCED and UNCED

K. Takeuchi

&

Z. W. Kundzewicz

31

2.1.3 Indicators of sustainability Z.

36

W. Kundzewicz

2.1.4 Follow-up discussions of sustainable development

K. Takeuchi,

S. P.

Simonovic

& Z. W. Kundzewicz

2.2

37

Sustainable development and management in the reservoir context

43

2.2.1 Introduction

43

K. Takeuchi

& Z. W. Kundzewicz

2.2.2 Integrated water resources management 2.2.3 Notion of multiple objectives P. Hjorth,

K. Takeuchi

& P. Hjorth

Z. W. Kundzewicz

& S. P. Simonovic

44 47

Contents

vin

2.2.4 Risk- and uncertainty-related considerations

P. Hjorth,

Z. W. Kundzewicz

&

K. Takeuchi

51

2.2.5 Systems view

54

S. P. Simonovic

2.2.6 Sustainability criteria for possible use in reservoir analysis S. P. Simonovic

55

2.2.7 Rationale of the checklist for sustainable reservoir development and management K. Takeuchi

58

References

60

CHAPTER 3

Comparative Assessment of Reservoirs with Non-reservoir Alternatives (edited by Z. W. Kundzewicz) 3.1

Introduction Z. W. Kundzewicz &. P. Hjorth

63

3.2

Multipurpose reservoirs versus alternatives Z. W. Kundzewicz, P. Hjorth & K. Takeuchi

64

3.2.1 Water demand and supply

66

3.2.2 Energy

72

3.3

3.2.3 Flood control

76

3.2.4 Other purposes

77

Final remarks Z. W. Kundzewicz &. P. Hjorth

78

References

80

CHAPTER 4

Design and Management of Reservoirs (edited by S. P. Simonovic & K. Takeuchi) 4.1

4.2

Introduction S. P. Simonovic

81

4.1.1 Structure of the chapter

81

4.1.2 Dimensions of reservoir analyses

82

Hydrological input for reservoir design and management

84

4.2.1 Time series analysis of reservoir inflows

84

L. S. Kuchment

4.2.2 Use of inflow forecasts for efficient management of reservoirs 4.3

89

K. Takeuchi

Methodological contributions to the design and management of sustainable reservoirs 4.3.1 New method for the design of a sustainable reservoir

A. S. Kotula

&

S. P. Simonovic

4.3.2 Methodology for reassessment of existing reservoirs

95 95

106

S. P. Simonovic

4.3.3 Methodology for net benefit allocation for reservoir redevelopment

N. Okada

H. Sakakibara

& 112

4.3.4 The least marginal environmental impact (LMEI) rule for reservoir sizing K. Takeuchi

4.4

& M. M. Hufschmidt

Conclusion S. P. Simonovic

References

120

124 126

Contents

ix

CHAPTER 5

Case Studies (edited by D. Rosbjerg) 5.1

Introduction D. Rosbjerg

129

5.2

The Alta hydropower development scheme N. R. Saelthun

130

5.2.1 Introduction to the Alta case

130

5.2.2 The

river

130

5.2.3 Undercurrents in society

5.3

5.4

5.2.4 The Alta hydropower scheme

134

5.2.5 "The Alta affair"

136

5.2.6 Impacts of reservoir development

138

5.2.7 Design and management of reservoirs

140

5.2.8 Comparative assessment of the reservoir with non-reservoir alternatives

141

5.2.9 Sustainability issues

141

Aswan High Dam H. Fahmy

142

5.3.1 Introduction to the Aswan case study

142

5.3.2 Inundation of populated areas

144

5.3.3 Sedimentation problems

147

5.3.4 Conclusion on the Aswan case study

150

Management of annual peak flows to restore aquatic resources in Green River, Utah E. D. Andrews & L. A. Pizzi

151

5.4.1 Introduction to the Green River case study

151

5.4.2 Historical development of Colorado River basin water resources

153

5.4.3 Hydrology of the Green River basin

155

5.4.4 Ecological and geomorphological alteration of the Green River

161

5.4.5 Anticipated benefits of increased flood magnitude and duration

163

5.4.6 Conflicts and opportunities for increased 5.5

5.6

132

flooding

164

5.4.7 Conclusion on the Green River case study

166

Projects undertaken to achieve sustainable development of dam reservoirs in Japan S. Ikebuchi, N. Okada & H. Sakakibara

167

5.5.1 Introduction to the Japanese reservoir policy

167

5.5.2 Projects related to sustainable development of reservoirs

167

5.5.3 Legal arrangements for social impacts of dam construction projects

169

5.5.4 Water quality conservation measures for dam reservoirs

170

5.5.5 Rehabilitation of an existing reservoir

171

5.5.6 Improvement of the management and operation of dam reservoirs

173

5.5.7 Regional promotion and regional planning centred around dams

174

5.5.8 Other issues

177

5.5.9 Conclusion on the Japanese study

178

Concluding remarks on the case studies D. Rosbjerg

179

References

180

Contents

X

CHAPTER 6

Checklists and Concluding Remarks K. Takeuchi, Z. W. Kundzewicz, D. Rosbjerg, S. P. Simonovic 6.1

Checklists for sustainable reservoir development and management

183

6.2

Concluding remarks

187

List of Contributors Edmund D. Andrews, US Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA

[e-mail: [email protected]]

Hussam Fahmy, National Research Institute, PO Box 6, El-Qanatir 13621, Egypt

[e-mail:

[email protected]]

Peder Hjorth, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden [e-mail: [email protected]] Maynard M. Hufschmidt, 19191 Harvard Avenue, Apt. 107E, Irvine, California 92612, USA Shuichi Ikebuchi, Water Resources Research Centre, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan [e-mail: [email protected]] Toshiharu Kojiri, Water Resources Research Centre, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan [e-mail: [email protected]] Agnes S. Kotula, ACRES International, 4342 Queen Street, PO Box 1001, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada L2E 6W1 [e-mail: [email protected]] Lev S. Kuchment, Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 NovoBasmannaya, Moscow 107078, Russia [e-mail: [email protected]] Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz, Research Centre of Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bukowska 19, 60-809 Poznan, Poland [e-mail: [email protected]] Norio Okada, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan [e-mail: okada@@wrcn2.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp] Leslie Abrams Pizzi, US Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA

[e-mail: [email protected]]

Dan Rosbjerg, Department of Hydrodynamics and Water Resources (IS VA), Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark [e-mail: [email protected]] Nils Roar Saelthun, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Brekkeveien 19, N-0411 Oslo, Norway [e-mail: [email protected]] Hiroyuki Sakakibara, Department of Civil Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan [e-mail: [email protected]] Slobodan P. Simonovic, Natural Resources Institute and Civil and Geological Engineering Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 3N2 [[email protected]] Kuniyoshi Takeuchi, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yamanashi University, Kofu 400-8511, Japan [e-mail: [email protected]]