Synthesis Propyl Propanoic from Propanoic Acid by

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 1090 – 1095







!   
" # 

$ 


!"$


% 
 
  
# 
  
$ 
&
 #

 
'  

%      ()

*+  &


 
   
 

  

  


  



 

!"#
$ % 
###&"

&  
   
 

  

  

'(

  
%
  
)% 
$ % 
##*&!




 % 
#
 
  
 
&
 
 
  
 
 ,

 #

 
#
  




-   


 
#
+#+



 
 
 
  
#
./0

 + 
 
   
%+ + 
   ,  
#
 + 
 
 
&
 
#
!'(
1-23'(
4"

4"-3%
  
 #

 
#
  

 
-   
 + 

 
   

56
 






© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license 7


$+ 
+& 
&
 
8

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). %  
 
- 
+
  &  
#
!"$
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 8th International Conference on Applied Energy.




+ /
   9
 
   9
 #

 



    2  
  
"10"1:1


  

&
 
 
4   

 ;

+  &
  
#+
$

 (





+?


' &

 + 
 +  
#
  
# 
&  


 

+ 
& 

+ 
#
+


   
 + 
@-A
$
   
 

 +  
#

  
# 
 &
 + 

   
#

  

 


#  &  
#
+ 
  


+   
#+
&
 
   
@0A

   


  
!



&
#+  

  (
# 
  9
  
+
&
# 
 &
 B+ 
#+
# 
  
 
@.A

+
#
   
   
 C+
&

  
  
#+
 
&
  
   
 +

 
D 
 +  

+
#
  

  
# 
#+



  
 

#  
(
+ 
 
# (
 
E &

+ 
 (
+ 

 + (

)
"   
+ 
/
F-  -.-G5- 
,-
 .
      H+   


1876-6102 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 8th International Conference on Applied Energy. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.469

Salmahaminati and Jumina / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 1090 – 1095


+ 
 & 
  
 


& 
 C 
&+ +
  (
+ ;
   (
 

C 
#+
 
 
0I6
C(
 
+ 
  + 

2:C
  
# 
&+ 
@IA
J
&+(
  

# 
#  
 + 


  



& 
 C 


 
!


 
  
  

 
#
 
 



+
#+
 


  
@A
   




 


&
 ,
# 
  

&
 #

 

+  
  

!
+
&
  ,


  
# 
 + 
+?

= -   
 ;

   ,  (

+
!# 
  
!'(
%  ,+
 -(
4 
"    
4"-1
 ; 
I G
 
!!

4 
"    -3 
%  
4"-3%(
%  ,+
K-%

**
 

 
 
 


8
0
 
  
(

8

 
-   


8
+#+





#+C


 C+
 
#+C

 
 

 
 
# 
.


 + 
 
  


 +
#
5- L"
(

 
C  
 
I
8
#
6
2 1":0

&  
 
 
  


 
 

 
 
 +
2 %:.

 + 
 
 (



 ,
&
4"(
1-23'(

!'
M 
/
G0


 
  

 
 
 
$
 #

 
  


  
#
  



& C



 ,
&
 


 + 



 
 
#
  


-   
+ 
1%:.




 

 
 

./0
% 

 
 

  
#

  


#+C
# 
.

@5A
'  
   
#

 #

 


> 



1091

1092

Salmahaminati and Jumina / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 1090 – 1095

:

F

1F 10"

"

10 "

:1

" 1

:

: "015:1

" " 1

-1

:1

F1

" " 1 

10"

:1

1

"

:

"

:1

10"

" " 1 : "0 1 5



10"

" 1 :

"015

"015 -1F

10 "

-1:

" 1 :

"015

:1

:1

F

10"

" " 1 : 1

:1 F

10"

:1

" " 1

"0 1 5 :

"015


>!4
3"1$2!%3
:>
%'!>!"$!:2
'$"!:2

 #

 
#
  


-   
 
+#+



 
 
 + 
 
   

+
#
4"
  
#

 + 

 

> 


    
 



 
 
    
 
 
&

&
  

&


-   
 





>!4

"1':3$:4'$3
$
':M8
':$2:$
':DN"
=
%!O!24
':$2:$
$"!D
:
':M8
':$2:$
':DN"(
$2D
"
%!O!24
-':$2:8
:2
':M8
':$2:$
':DN"


1093

Salmahaminati and Jumina / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 1090 – 1095

= 

> 

 (

 ;
0


 
 
'
I
 +
 

  
#
G6

C 

&

 + (
 
   

 ;
.
 
 

 
 
'
0.
 +
#
 ; 
 
  


 ;



 
 
'
G0I
 +
 
  

  
# 
.6

.6
#
 ; 
-   

 ;



 
 
'

GG
 +

C 
#
+  
+(


  
 


 

 
-   

+  


 + 

+
#

  
+ 
!'
  
  

 +

> 
0




 
  


 &




>!4
0
!2>'$'D
%"'N3
:>
':M8
':$2:$
-

$
0.I

 
 

 &  
 
#
 C
:1
-   
  

#  
#

 
  

N ;
 
&
# 

 + 
  
+ 


 &  
 
#

"-:



 
-
 

N ;
 
 
 
 



#
5.0
-


 &  
#



& 
 +

-"
P
:



 #  
&
 
&  


-



 

 &  
 
-"-:-"-

$&  

 
+&
G5

 I
-

  
 &  
#
&  
"0-1




;
 +
N ;




.

0I
-




 
#
"-1
 &  
&

 +

-"1-


 &  
#
"
-
1
&


 +

-"10








1094

Salmahaminati and Jumina / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 1090 – 1095

$=8

!2>'$'D
%"'N3
D$$
:>
':M8
':$2:$
   0.I


    
Q:1
  


 


Q"Q:
  


5.0

G5

 .
0I


Q"P:


& 
Q"Q:Q"Q

"0-1
Q"1Q
Q"10


I





>!4
.
1-23'
%"'N3
:>
':M8
':$2:$




$  
 + 
+ 
1-23'
  

31,
> 
.

 &

 
 


# 


 
 
  &




 #
#
# 

#
  
 
 ##



  
$





 #


 
#





 
   (
B+  


1
 

  


# 
  
# 

 +
:1-

   
  

#  
#
 
   
% 


   



+
&

#+ 
#

    

:
 
"


 #

=
R
..

0G
(
 (
1
  
# 
  

"0
 
   (
B+  


1
 (

  
# 


  

"
"


 #

"
R
.


(
B+ (
1
  
# 
  

-"1-"
P
:(
B+ 
   (
B+  


1
 (

  
# 


  

"I
"


 #

D
G

I
(
+ (
1
  

# 

 +





-1-
  

"
3+ 
   (
B+  

I
 
1(

 +

   
# 



0
  

"

"0
"


 #




 
(
+ (
1

  
# 
  
-"10

"

"I


Salmahaminati and Jumina / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 1090 – 1095

$=8

1-23'
D$$
:>
':M8
':$2:$
!"

R

$
=
"
D





(-(
.(.-0(G
(.-(
(G-(I
(-( 
(-(
(-(



  % 
 
K+ 
3+ 
3+ 




# $

!  %

1
1
1
1

01
01


-:1
   
-:"1-

-"1-"P:
-"1-


-"10
"I
-"10
"


&   $  
&
4"(
1-23'(

!'
 
 

 #

 
#
  


-   
+ 
+#+



 
 + 
 
  
 

+ 
#
G
6

5
 
> 

+
#
 
  (

 
  
+
&
  

# 
?= ->+?

= -   


" '   !
 +
 ;

 ;

 #
*+  
 
  
 
#   
+ 
&
 
# 
$++
-
*+

(  @A
8 
S(
3   (
D4(

1 (
4$
'  
&   
# 
&   
 +  
# 
 
  
!!(
>  

   

, 
 
9
)/.5-.0
@A
8 
S(
1 
4$(

3   (
D4
'  
&   
# 
&   
 +  
# 
 
  
!(
" 
,
  

, 
 
9
)/.5-.I
@0A
4  (
!%
7 

 
)
"'"
(
! 
N%$/
=


'  9
G 
@.A
8 
%3
>  
  
!

4 #

%
J

 
,8 (
2
M ;/
% ; 
9
GG(


@IA
O  ;
33(

D &
$
=  
 
 
, 
 
  

GG59
)*/I-I
@A
1+ ;
3
9 

7 
 


 /
" 9
G5
@5A
% 
J4(
>+ 
=%(
1  # 
$*(

  
$'
: ;
%

 
 
 
I

2
M ;9
G G




+ ,%

























%      (
3% 


























8 +

! 
N  
#
!  (
!  (
I-2 


























3
%

 


" 

" +   
3  (
N  
#
4  (

2 
.

































=  

: 
" (
4 E 
3 
N  (
!  (





1095