Table S1. - Plos

Table S1. List of DNA specimens used in study

Code name

Genus

Species

Subspecies

Common name

Additional ID

Gender

Captive/wild caught/born to wild caught

Geographic origin and sample origin

ABE‐1 ABZ‐1

Alouatta Ateles

belzebul belzebuth

red‐handed howler monkey white‐fronted Spider Monkey

AB/S/N OR126

M M

unknown

ACA‐3

Alouatta

caraya

black howler monkey

2

M

wild caught

ACL‐1 ACM‐1

Arctocebus Ateles

calabarensis chamek

A1 822

U M

wild caught captive born

National Museums Scotland, Great Britain Zoo de Doue la Fontaine, France

AFC‐7 AGO‐2 AHY‐1

Ateles Ateles Ateles

fusciceps geoffroyi hybridus

653 Caleb 466

M M M

captive born captive wild caught

Landau Zoo, Germany Catoctin Wildlife Park and Zoo, Thumont, MD, US Erfurt Zoo, Germany

J.‐O. Heckel June Bellizzi, Melody Roelke M. Melcher

ALM‐1

Aotus

lemurinus

OR571

F

ALN‐1

Avahi

laniger

Calabar angwantibo Peruvian spider monkey, Chamek spider monkey spider monkey black‐handed spider monkey variegated spider monkey, hybrid spider monkey lemurine night monkey (Panamanian night monkey) woolly lemur

Universidade Federal do Pará ‐ Laboratório de PolimorWismos de DNA A. Kitchener B. Lefaux

1057

M

wild

The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Oliver Ryder San‐Diego, CA, US Sainte Luce, Madagascar Y. Rumpler

ANA‐1

Aotus

nancymaae

KB9130

F

ANI‐1 APC‐1

Allenopithecus Ateles

nigroviridis paniscus

Nancy Ma's Night Monkey, douroucouli Allen's swamp monkey black spider monkey

PR00198

F M

APL‐1

Alouatta

palliata

hantled howler honkey

KB7527

M

ASA‐1

Alouatta

sara

Bolivian red howler

OR749

F

ATR‐1 AZA‐1 AZB‐1 AZI‐1

Aotus Aotus Aotus Aotus

trivirgatus azarae azarae azarae

owl monkey Southern owl Monkey feline night monkey feline night monkey

ATCC #: CRL1556 664 9 10

U M M M

unknown captive born born to wild caught wild caught

BAR‐1

Brachyteles

arachnoides

muriqui

15

M

wild caught

BHY‐1

Brachyteles

hypoxanthus

spider monkey

13

F

wild caught

CAB‐1

Cercopithecus

albogularis

Kolb’s guenon

OR394

M

CAC‐1 CAE‐4 CAE‐8 CAI‐1

Cercocebus Chlorocebus Chlorocebus Callithrix

agilis cynosuros aethiops aurita

mangabey malbrouck grivet monkey white‐eared marmoset

PR00608 M Vervet CAE 28

F M M M

captive born born to wild caught

CAM‐1

Cacajao

melanocephalus

black uakari

17

F

captive

CAN‐1 CAP‐13 CAR‐1

Colobus Cebus Mico

angolensis apella argentata

palliatus

Eastern Angolan colobus brown capuchin monkey bare‐ear marmoset

PR00099 Raviole “Ole” N‐17173

M M F

wild

CAS‐1 CBS‐1

Cercopithecus Callicebus

ascanius brunneus

schmidti

black‐cheeked white‐nosed monkey brown titi monkey

PR00566 2360

M M

wild caught

CCE‐1 CCG‐1

Cercopithecus Callicebus

cephus caligatus

mustached guenon chestnut‐bellied Titi

PR00531 KB4245

M F

CCL‐1

Cacajao

calvus

red uakari

743

M

wild caught

CCO‐1

Callicebus

coimbrai

titi monkeys

18

F

wild caught

CCP‐3 CCU‐2

Cebus Callicebus

capucinus cupreus

white‐faced capuchin red titi, copper titi

Shelby CCUP1

M M

captive born

CCY‐1 CDA‐3 CDO‐1

Cercocebus Cercopithecus Callicebus

chrysogaster diana donacophilus

golden‐bellied mangabey Diana monkey white‐eared titi, Bolivian titi

214 1001 KB6580

F M M

parents wild caught captive born

CEA‐1

Cebus

albifrons

white‐fronted capuchin

36

M

wild caught

griseimembra

boliviensis infulatus

kolbi

argentata

captive

1

Centro Nacional de Primatas The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, San‐Diego, CA, US UHE‐Serra da Mesa; Goias state, Brazil; Instituto national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division

Sample contributor/acknowledgement H. Seuanez Oliver Ryder

The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Leona Chemnick San‐Diego, CA, US Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Fundação RioZoo Fundação RioZoo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Leona Chemnick San‐Diego, CA, US The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Oliver Ryder San‐Diego, CA, US ATCC Gettorf Zoo, Germany U. Traxel Instituto national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Centro Nacional de Primatas UHE ‐ Tucurui, para state, Brazil; Instituto national de Centro Nacional de Primatas Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Instituto national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Centro de Primatologia do Estado do Rio de Janero Instituto national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Centro de Primatologia do Estado do Rio de Janero The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Oliver Ryder San‐Diego, CA, US Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Africa, Botswana, Makgadikgadi National Park Melody Roelke Serengeti Park Hodenhagen, Germany M. Böer Instituto national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Centro de Primatologia do Estado do Rio de Janero Instituto national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Centro de Primatologia do Estado do Rio de Janero Coriell Cell Repositories Coriell Cell Repositories Catoctin Wildlife Park and Zoo, Thumont, MD, US Melody Roelke probably provided by Dr Horacio Schneider, probably provided by Dr Horacio Universidade Federal do Pará Belem, Pará Schneider, Universidade Federal do Pará Belem, Pará Coriell Cell Repositories Oliver Ryder Jamari River, Rondônia State, Brazil; Universidade Universidade Federal do Pará ‐ Federal do Pará ‐ Laboratório de PolimorWismos de Laboratório de PolimorWismos de DNA DNA Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Oliver Ryder San‐Diego, CA, US Köln Zoo, Germany U. Ruempler Bahia state, Brazil; Instituto national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Catoctin Wildlife Park and Zoo, Thumont, MD, US La Vallee des Signes, France

Previous genetic information on the sample

Roos et al. 2004, PNAS no no no

Zaramody et al. 2006, Primate Report

72 genes mapped to this animal

no

Roos, unpublished

Osterholz et al. 2009 MPE

Centro de Primatologia do Estado do Rio de Janero June Bellizzi, Melody Roelke J. Vermeer Osterholz et al. 2009 MPE

Wuppertal Zoo, Germany G. Olbricht Gettorf Zoo, Germany U. Traxel The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Oliver Ryder San‐Diego, CA, US Barcelos, Amazonas State, Brazil; Instituto national de Instituto National de Cancer, Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Genetics Division

no no


CGE‐4 CGO‐1 CGU‐7

Callithrix Callimico Colobus

geoffroyi goeldii guereza

CHH‐1

Cercopithecus

hamlyni

CIH‐1 CIS‐1

Cercopithecus Chiropotes

CJA‐1 CKU‐1

captive born birth: unknown; currently captive captive born

Geoffroy's marmoset Geoldi's monkey pied black colobus

325 333

F M M

Hamlyn's Guenon

KB10153

M

lhoesti israelita

L'Hoest's monkey brown‐backed bearded saki

PR00283 46

M M

wild caught

Callithrix Callithrix

jacchus kuhlii

common marmoset Weid's black‐tufted‐ear marmoset

31

M M

wild captive

CLP‐1

Callicebus

personatus

masked titi

25

F

wild caught

CMD‐1 CMH‐1 CMI‐3 CMO‐2 CMT‐1 CNE‐1 CNI‐1

Cheirogaleus Callicebus Microcebus Cercopithecus Cercopithecus Cercopithecus Callicebus

medius moloch minusculus mona mitis neglectus nigrifrons

dwarf fat‐tailed lemur dusky titi monkey small iron‐gray dwarf lemur Mona monkey blue monkey De Brazza's Monkey southern masked titi

Dwarf Fat‐tail lemur 21 T019 256 017 217 23

F F U M F M M

captive born captive captive born captive born captive born captive born wild caught

COV‐1 CPE‐10 CPO‐2 CPP‐1 CPY‐5

Cebus Callithrix Colobus Cercopithecus Cebuella

olivaceus penicillata polykomos petaurista pygmaea

weeper capuchin black ear‐tufted colobus black colobus lesser white‐nosed monkey pygmy marmoset

110

F M U M M

captive born

371 PR00762 274

captive born

The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Oliver Ryder San‐Diego, CA, US Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Barcelos, Amazonas State, Brazil; Instituto national de Instituto National de Cancer, Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Genetics Division H. Seuanez Instituto national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Centro de Primatologia do Estado do Rio de Janero Espirito Santo State, Brazil; Instituto national de Centro de Primatologia do Estado do Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Rio de Janero Catoctin Wildlife Park and Zoo, Thumont, MD, US June Bellizzi, Melody Roelke Instituto national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Centro Nacional de Primatas Frankfurt Zoo, Germany B. Geyer Lisbon Zoo, Portugal E. Bairrao Ruivo Amsterdam Zoo, Netherlands D. Dekker Leipzig Zoo, Germany K. Eulenberger Carangola, Minas Gerais State, Brazil; Instituto Centro de Primatologia do Estado do national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Rio de Janero Dortmund Zoo, Germany C. Osmann Bahia, Brazil Itapu, Brazil, Foz de Iguazu Erfurt Zoo, Germany M. Melcher Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Oliver Ryder Köln Zoo, Germany U. Ruempler

CRO‐1

Cebus

robustus

capuchin

41

F

captive

Instituto national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division

CSA‐2 CSB‐1 CTR‐1

Chiropotes Chlorocebus Cercocebus

satanas sabaeus torquatus

bearded saki, capuchin monkey green monkey red‐capped mangabey

ADA Issac OR538

F M M

unknown

CVA‐5 CVO‐1 CWW‐1 CXA‐1 DMD‐5 ECR‐2 EFL‐15 EFL‐16 EFL‐4 EFL‐7 EMC‐1 EMC‐5 EMO‐1 EPA‐9 ERB‐4 ERF‐1 GGO‐9

Galeopterus Cynocephalus Cercopithecus Cebus Daubentonia Eulemur Eulemur Eulemur Eulemur Eulemur Eulemur Eulemur Eulemur Erythrocebus Eulemur Eulemur Gorilla

variegatus volans wolWi xanthosternos madagascariensis coronatus collaris sanfordi fulvus albifrons macaco macaco mongoz patas rubriventer rufus gorilla

colugo Philippine colugo Wolf's guenon golden‐bellied capuchin aye‐aye crowned lemur collared brown lemur Sanford's brown lemur brown lemur white‐fronted brown lemur black lemur blue eyed black lemur mongoose lemur patas monkey red‐bellied lemur red‐fronted lemur Western lowland gorilla

G 1442 L PR00486 1002 DLC ID‐6202; Poe DLC ID‐6478 DLC ID‐5776 DLC ID‐6386 DLC ID‐6123 DLC ID‐5547 277 DLC ID‐6288 358 928 DLC ID‐6038 356 107809; Gus

M U F F M M F F F F M M M M F M M

wild born

GGR‐2 GMO‐4

Otolemur Galago

garnettii moholi

bushbaby lesser bushbaby

F M

birth: unknown; currently captive captive

GSE‐1

Galago

senegalensis

Senegal galago

KIM DLC ID‐3185; Farkleberry KB14283

Rio de Janero Zoo Catoctin Wildlife Park and Zoo, Thumont, MD, US The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, San‐Diego, CA, US Singapore Zoological Gardens Phillipines Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US La Vallee des Signes, France Duke Lemur Center Duke Lemur Center Duke Lemur Center Duke Lemur Center Duke Lemur Center Duke Lemur Center Köln Zoo, Germany Duke Lemur Center Köln Zoo, Germany La Vallee des Signes, France Duke Lemur Center Köln Zoo, Germany captive born at Bronx Zoo, US; National Zoological Park, DC, US Biosphere 2 Oracle, AZ, US Duke Lemur Center

GTH‐1 HAG‐6 HCO‐3 HGR‐1 HLA‐1 HMU‐6 HOC‐1 HSA‐34 LAA‐1 LAC‐2 LAN‐1

Galago Hylobates Nomascus Hapalemur Hylobates Hylobates Hapalemur Homo Lophocebus Lagothrix Lepilemur

thomasi agilis leucogenys griseus lar muelleri occidentalis sapiens albigena cana ankaranensis

Thomas’s bushbaby dark‐handed gibbon white‐cheeked gibbon gray bamboo lemur lar gibbon Mueller's bornean gray gibbon bamboo lemur human gray‐cheeked mangabey gray woolly monkey Ankarana sportive lemur

Gthomasi 1138 1009 HGG44 0005FC59B7 1058 288

wild captive born captive born wild

PR00609 455 L86

U M M M M M M M M M M

LAT‐2 LCH‐1 LCT‐10

Lophocebus Leontopithecus Lemur

aterrimus chrysomelas catta

black mangabey golden‐headed lion tamarin ring‐tailed lemur

970 355 LECA

M M M

hamlyni

subspecies 1

petaurista

chiropotes

wolWi

Wlavifrons

wild caught

captive born wild caught animal captive captive captive captive captive captive born captive wild caught captive born wildcaught captive born captive born

F

Dresden Zoo, Germany National Zoological Park, DC, US Köln Zoo, Germany

H. Will Dr. Mitchell Bush U. Ruempler

Osterholz et al. 2008 BMC Evol Biol

Roos, unpublished Roos, unpublished no no

no Roos, unpublished Osterholz et al. 2009 MPE

Centro de Primatologia do Estado do Rio de Janero June Bellizzi, Melody Roelke Oliver Ryder Paolo Martelli Lawrence Heaney, Eduardo Eizirik Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US J. Vermeer Julie Horvath, Duke Lemur Center Julie Horvath, Duke Lemur Center Julie Horvath, Duke Lemur Center Julie Horvath, Duke Lemur Center Julie Horvath, Duke Lemur Center Julie Horvath, Duke Lemur Center U. Ruempler Julie Horvath, Duke Lemur Center U. Ruempler J. Vermeer Julie Horvath, Duke Lemur Center U. Ruempler Dr. Mitchell Bush Stephen O’Brien Julie Horvath, Duke Lemur Center

wild caught wild caught

The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, San‐Diego, CA, US Democratic Republic of Congo Plock Zoo, Poland Duisburg Zoo, Germany Madagascar Taipei Zoo Rostock Zoo, Germany University Strasbourg, France

captive born wild

Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Basel Zoo, Switzerland Ankarana, Madagascar

K. Ammann W. Zduniak M. G. Hartmann Y. Rumpler Ci Wen K. Linke Y. Rumpler Sergey Kolmogorov Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US O. Pagan Y. Rumpler

captive born captive born captive born

Gettorf Zoo, Germany Köln Zoo, Germany München Zoo, Germany

U. Traxel U. Ruempler J. Maltzan

2

no

Roos, unpublished no Horvath et al 2008 Horvath et al 2008 Horvath et al 2008 Horvath et al 2008 Horvath et al 2008 Roos, unpublished Horvath et al 2008 Roos, unpublished no Horvath et al 2008 Roos, unpublished

GMO‐3185

Leona Chemnick Roos, unpublished Roos, unpublished Roos, unpublished Rumpler, unpublished Roos, unpublished Rumpler, unpublished

no Andriaholinirina et al. 2006 BMC Evol Biol no no Roos et al. 2004 PNAS


LDO‐1

Lepilemur

dorsalis

black‐striped sportive lemur

L244

M

wild

Ambanja, Madagascar

Y. Rumpler

LER‐1 LJA‐1

Lepilemur Lepilemur

ruWicaudatus jamesi

red‐tailed sportive lemur James' sportive lemur

LRU L300

U M

unknown wild

Manombo, Madagascar

Julie Horvath, Duke Lemur Center Y. Rumpler

LLG‐1 LRO‐244 LSP‐1

Lagothrix Leontopithecus Lepilemur

lagotricha rosalia septentrionalis

common woolly monkey golden headed lion tamarin Northern sportive lemur

PR00525 894 L211

F M M

birth: unknown; currently captive wild

Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Los Angeles ZOO, CA, US Sahafary, Madagascar

Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Kathie Wetmore, vet. asst., LA Zoo Y. Rumpler

LTA‐2 MAC‐1 MCA‐1 MCE‐1

Loris Macaca Macaca Mirza

tardigradus arctoides maura zaza

slender loris stump‐tailed macaque Moor macaque Coquerel's Mouse Lemur

603 692 381 KB14285

U F M F


H. Schulze W. Peter A. Knieriem Leona Chemnick

MCY‐3 MFA‐18 MFS‐2 MHU‐1 MLE‐2 MMA‐14 MMR‐2

Macaca Macaca Macaca Mico Mandrillus Macaca Microcebus

cyclopis fascicularis fuscata humeralifer leucophaeus mulatta murinus

Taiwanese macaque crab‐eating/long‐tailed macaque Japanese macaque black and white tassel‐ear marmoset drill rhesus macaque grey mouse lemur

880805 182 Julie 55 323 046 DLC ID‐7016; Musk Rose

M F F M M M M

wild born; currently captive captive born captive born captive captive born captive born wildcaught

University Bochum, Germany Straubing Zoo, Germany Hannover Zoo, Germany The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, San‐Diego, CA, US Nan To, Taiwan; Taipei Zoo Taipei, TAIWAN German Primate Center, Germany Catoctin Wildlife Park and Zoo, Thumont, MD, US Instituto national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Wuppertal Zoo, Germany Leipzig Zoo, Germany Duke Lemur Center

MNE‐5 MNG‐3 MOC‐1

Macaca Macaca Macaca

nemestrina nigra ochreata

pig‐tailed macaque Celebes macaque booted macaque

216 857

M M M


Ludwig‐Maximilian‐University, Germany Gettorf Zoo, Germany Catoctin Wildlife Park and Zoo, Thumont, MD, US

MOG‐1

Miopithecus

ogouensis

Gabon talapoin

KB5742

F

MSE‐1 MSI‐7 MSP‐12 MSY‐3 MTH‐3

Macaca Macaca Mandrillus Macaca Macaca

siberu silenus sphinx sylvanus thibetana

Siberut macaque lion‐tailed macaque baboon, mandrill barbary macaque Tibetan macaque

MSIB 866 009 722 KB5930

U M M M F

wild caught captive born captive born captive born

MTO‐6 NBE‐1 NCN‐2 NCO‐2 NGA‐2 NLA‐2

Macaca Nycticebus Nomascus Nycticebus Nomascus Nasalis

tonkeana bengalensis concolor coucang gabriellae larvatus

tonkean macaque Bengal slow loris black gibbon slow loris red‐cheeked gibbon proboscis monkey

Brutus 870 560 560 P109 Nlarvatus

M M M M M M

captive born wild caught wild wild wild caught captive born

NPY‐1 NSI‐1 OCR‐1 PAN‐10 PBD‐1 PCM‐1 PCN‐2 PDI‐2 PED‐1 PEP‐2 PHM‐1

Nycticebus Nomascus Otolemur Papio Piliocolobus Presbytis Pygathrix Propithecus Propithecus Perodicticus Papio

pygmaeus siki crassicaudatus anubis badius comata cinerea diadema edwardsi potto hamadryas

pygmy slow loris Southern white‐cheeked gibbon greater galago East African baboon Western red colobus Javan surili grey‐shanked douc langur diademed sifaka Milne‐Edwards’s sifaka potto Hamadryas baboon

12‐016 9‐03 GACR 13301 PB1 551 343 Pdd18 Pde6 610 KB10869

M M U M M F M M U M M

wild caught, conWiscated wild caught, conWiscated captive born captive born wild wild caught wild caught, conWiscated wild wild captive born

PIR‐1 PME‐2 PNE‐2 PNI‐1 PPN‐8 PPP‐2 PPT‐1 PPY‐155 PPY‐157 PTA‐1 PTR‐104 PTR‐60

Pithecia Presbytis Pygathrix Pygathrix Pan Papio Pithecia Pongo Pongo Propithecus Pan Pan

irrorata melalophos nemaeus nigripes paniscus papio pithecia abelli pygmaeus tattersalli troglodytes troglodytes

57 714 266 344 4229782 238 PR00239 519 536 762 1014 Masuku

M M M F M M M M F U M F

captive wild caught captive born wild caught, conWiscated birth: unknown; currently captive captive born

verus troglodytes

gray monk saki Sumatran surili red‐shanked douc langur black‐shanked douc bonobo; pygmy chimpanzee Guinea baboon white‐faced or Guianan saki orang utan orang utan golden‐crowned sifaka common chimpanzee Central African chimpanzee

PVC‐2

Propithecus

verreauxi

coquereli

Coquerel's sifaka

M

captive

PVE‐1 RBR‐1

Propithecus Rhinopithecus

verreauxi brelichi

DLC ID‐6827 Marcus Aurelius 495 G002

M. Laska no U. Traxel no June Bellizzi, Melody Roelke, Patrick Mahlon The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Oliver Ryder San‐Diego, CA, US National Museums Scotland, Great Britain A. Kitchener Roos, unpublished German Primate Center, Germany A. Schrod no Rostock Zoo, Germany K. Linke no La Vallee des Signes, France J. Vermeer no The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Leona Chemnick San‐Diego, CA, US Catoctin Wildlife Park and Zoo, Thumont, MD, US June Bellizzi, Melody Roelke Berlin Zoo, Germany R. Göltenboth Roos, unpublished Che Tao, Vietnam T. Nadler Roos, unpublished Che Tao, Vietnam T. Nadler Roos, unpublished Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Vietnam T. Nadler Roos, unpublished Wilhelma Stuttgart, Germany W. Rietschel Osterholz et al. 2008 BMC Evol Biol Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Vietnam T. Nadler Roos, unpublished Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Vietnam T. Nadler Roos, unpublished University Tübingen, Germany H. Tichy Roos, unpublished German Primate Center, Germany A. Schrod Roos, unpublished Tai National Park, Ivory Coast F. H. Leendertz Roos, unpublished Howletts Wild Animal Park, Great Britain E. Thetford Roos, unpublished Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Vietnam T. Nadler Roos, unpublished Zahamena, Madagascar Y. Rumpler Rumpler, unpublished Ambodisovoka, Madagascar Y. Rumpler Rumpler, unpublished University Bochum, Germany H. Schulze Roos, unpublished The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Oliver Ryder San‐Diego, CA, US Instituto national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division Centro Nacional de Primatas Howletts Wild Animal Park, Great Britain E. Thetford Roos, unpublished Köln Zoo, Germany U. Ruempler Roos, unpublished Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Vietnam T. Nadler Roos, unpublished San Diego Zoo, CA Dan Janssen, DVM Nürnberg Zoo, Germany A. Gauckler no Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Nürnberg Zoo, Germany A. Gauckler Roos, unpublished Duisburg Zoo, Germany M. G. Hartmann Roos, unpublished Daraina, Madagascar Y. Rumpler Rumpler, unpublished Danzig Zoo, Poland I. Krause Roos, unpublished Gabon WolWi Enard, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig, Germany Julie Horvath, Duke Lemur Center

M M

captive born wild caught

Parc Zoologique de Paris, France Fanjingshan Breeding Station, China

chrysomelas

subspecies 2

Verreaux's sifaka gray snub‐nosed monkey

wild caught captive born wild captive born wild born; currently captive

3

Warren Johnson A. Schrod June Bellizzi, Melody Roelke Centro Nacional de Primatas G. Olbricht K. Eulenberger Julie Horvath, Duke Lemur Center

C.‐A. Gauthier M. Yang

Andriaholinirina et al. 2006 BMC Evol Biol Andriaholinirina et al. 2006 Primate Report

Andriaholinirina et al. 2006 BMC Evol Biol Roos, unpublished no no

no

no no

Roos, unpublished Roos, unpublished


wild caught

Jamari River, Rondônia State, Brazil;

M M M M

captive born captive born

Magdeburg Zoo, Germany La Vallee des Signes, France Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Berlin Zoo, Germany

Universidade Federal do Pará ‐ Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Campus de Braganca P. Grothmann J. Vermeer Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US R. Göltenboth

captive born

SHEC1

M F U

Magdeburg Zoo, Germany Catoctin Wildlife Park and Zoo, Thumont, MD, US Ramnagar, Nepal

P. Grothmann June Bellizzi, Melody Roelke T. Ziegler

60 KB3307

M F

captive

Centro Nacional de Primatas Leona Chemnick

midas tamarin moustached tamarin cotton‐top tamarin red‐backed squirrel monkey South American squirrel monkey Martins's tamarin

S222

captive born

1203 PR00741 210 61

M M M M M M

Instituto national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, San‐Diego, CA, US Magdeburg Zoo, Germany Catoctin Wildlife Park and Zoo, Thumont, MD, US German Primate Center, Germany Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US Schwerin Zoo, Germany Instituto national de Cancer ‐ Genetics Division

syndactylus auratus bancanus

siamang Javan langur Western tarsier

100331 1000 107434

M M U

Trachypithecus Trachypithecus

delacouri francoisi

M M

wild caught, conWiscated

Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Vietnam Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US

TGE‐2 TGL‐4 THA‐1 TMI‐1

Theropithecus Tupaia Trachypithecus Tupaia

gelada glis hatinhensis minor

Delacour’s Langur 169 Francois's leaf monkey or Indochinese PR01099 langur gelada baboon 936 tree shrew Hatinh langur 171 lesser tree shrew KB8637‐3082

M M M M

captive born wild born; currently captive wild caught, conWiscated birth: unknown; currently captive

TOB‐4

Trachypithecus

obscurus

dusky leaf monkey

215

M

captive born

TPH‐1 TSY‐2 TVV‐2 VVA‐2 VVA‐7

Trachypithecus Tarsius Trachypithecus Varecia Varecia

phayrei syrichta vetulus variegata variegata

Phayre's leaf monkey Philippine tarsier Southwest purple‐faced langur ruffed lemur ruffed lemur

178 1017 435 DLC ID‐4598 DLC ID‐6633

F U M M F

wild caught, conWiscated wild caught wild caught wildcaught captive

SAU‐1

Saimiri

ustus

bare‐eared squirrel monke

2307

SBI‐1 SBO‐3 SEE‐1 SEF‐2

Saguinus Saimiri Semnopithecus Semnopithecus

bicolor boliviensis entellus entellus

Pied tamarin Bolivian squirrel monkey hanuman langur hanuman langur

S225 711 PR00739 499

SFU‐6 SGE‐3 SHE‐1

Saguinus Saguinus Semnopithecus

fuscicollis geoffroyi hector

saddle‐back tamarin Geoffroy's tamarin Tarai gray langur

S66

SIM‐2 SLA‐1

Saguinus Saguinus

imperator labiatus

emperor tamarin red‐chested mustached tamarin

SMD‐1 SMY‐3 SOE‐3 SOO‐1 SSC‐7 SSI‐1

Saguinus Saguinus Saguinus Saimiri Saimiri Saguinus

midas mystax oedipus oerstedii sciureus martinsi

SSY‐2 TAU‐1 TBA‐1

Symphalangus Trachypithecus Tarsius

TDE‐1 TFR‐1

boliviensis entellus

oerstedii

monticola variegata rubra

captive born

wild

captive born captive born born to wild caught

captive born

4

no Roos, unpublished Osterholz et al. 2008 BMC Evol Biol no Osterholz et al. 2008 BMC Evol Biol

P. Grothmann June Bellizzi, Melody Roelke A. Schrod Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US U. Ricker Centro de Primatologia do Estado do Rio de Janero Dr. Mitchell Bush W. Rietschel Eduardo Eizirik; Dr. Richard Montali Pathology Dept. T. Nadler Coriell Cell Repositories, NJ, US

no

La Vallee des Signes, France Malaysia, Singapore Zoological Gardens Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Vietnam The Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, San‐Diego, CA, US Wuppertal Zoo, Germany

J. Vermeer Warren Johnson; Paolo Martelli T. Nadler Oliver Ryder

no

G. Olbricht

Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Vietnam University Münster, Germany Belfast Zoo, Great Britain

T. Nadler J. Schmitz M. Chalais Julie Horvath, Duke Lemur Center Julie Horvath, Duke Lemur Center

Osterholz et al. 2008 BMC Evol Biol Roos et al. 2007 VJP

National Zoological Park, DC, US Wilhelma Stuttgart, Germany National Zoological Park, DC, US

no no

Roos et al. 2008 MPE

Roos et al. 2007 VJP

Roos et al. 2007 VJP

Roos, unpublished Horvath et al 2008 Horvath et al 2008