Targeted metabolomics reveals extended postprandial effects of whole grain rye ‡ porridges fortified with inulin and gluten in healthy subjects Lin Shi,1* Carl Brunius, 1 Magnus Lindelöf, 1 Souad Abou Shameh, 1 Huaxing Wu, 1 Isabella Lee, 1 Ali A. Moazzami2 and Rikard Landberg, 1,3
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
1Department
of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. 2Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 3Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
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Background and aim Interventions have shown beneficial effects of whole-grain (WG) rye on appetite, postprandial glucose, and insulin sensitivity, of relevance for cardio-metabolic end-points. WG rye porridge breakfasts with and without addition of fermentable dietary fibre (inulin) and plant protein (gluten) were shown to increase satiety and reduce second meal blood glucose. We have therefore investigated postprandial metabolic changes in the same study material, with the aim to explore mechanisms-of-action.
RESULTS
Study design
Plasma EAA after breakfast increased in the early postprandial phase and reflected differences in EAA content of foods (Fig. 1). No correlation with insulin and appetite. Plasma acetate and butyrate increased with inulin content in the diet after lunch (Table 1, Fig. 2). No correlation with second meal glucose.
ad libitum dinner
RPHI: WG rye porridge 40 g + 9 g inulin + 3 g gluten RPIG: WG rye porridge 40 g + 6 g inulin + 6 g gluten
CONCLUSION
RPHG: WG rye porridge 40 g + 3 g inulin + 9 g gluten GLUTEN
Rye porridges reduced second meal plasma glucose response in healthy people. The effect was not related to gut fermentation products (SCFA). Plasma amino acids reflected amino acids content of foods, but no association with appetite or insulin was found.
RP40: Rye porridge 40 g RP55: Rye porridge 55 g
WG rye
WB: Refined wheat bread 55 g (control)
0.18
Table.1 : Effect of breakfasts on postprandial metabolites
Acetate Butyric acid Propionate acid Propylene glycerol Dimethylglycine Dimethyl sulfone o-acethylcarnitine Choline Carnitine Betaine Myo-insitol Formate
-15-230min
EAA, mmol/L
#AUC
AUC 230-70min
Amino acids and their catabolic products 0.35 0.7 0.38 0.0005
