The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact
[email protected] Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association International Journal of Epidemiology 2007;36:368–373 ß The Author 2007; all rights reserved. Advance Access publication 8 January 2007 doi:10.1093/ije/dyl284
Teenage pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a large population based retrospective cohort study Xi-Kuan Chen,1,2 Shi Wu Wen,1,2,3* Nathalie Fleming,1,2 Kitaw Demissie,4 George G Rhoads4 and Mark Walker1,2,3
Accepted
20 November 2006
Background Whether the association between teenage pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes could be explained by deleterious social environment, inadequate prenatal care, or biological immaturity remains controversial. The objective of this study was to determine whether teenage pregnancy is associated with increased adverse birth outcomes independent of known confounding factors. Methods
We carried out a retrospective cohort study of 3 886 364 nulliparous pregnant women
