Temporal Changes in Trace Element Concentrations

8th Black Sea Basin Conference on Analytical Chemistry (8th BBCAC) 9-11 May, 2018 Istanbul/Turkey

8th Black Sea Basin Conference on Analytical Chemistry

PROCEEDING BOOK Editor: Mehmet Yaman

9-11 May 2018 Sile/Istanbul-Turkey

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BBCAC 2018

COMMITTEES INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bezhan CHANKVETADZE (Tblisi State U.), Michael BOLSHOV (Rus. Ac. Sci.), Irina KARADJOVA (Sofia U.), Alexander ZACHARIA (Odesa U.), Rawil FAKHRULLIN (Kazan Federal U.), Trajce STAFILOV (SS Cyril Meth U.), Arturs VIKSNA (Latvia U.), Agnese OSITE (Latvia U.), Octavian G DULIU (Bucharest U.), Duca GHEORGE (Moldavian Acad. Sci.), Raluca MOCANU (Bucharest Politehn. U.), Elena IVANOVA (Bulgaria Acad. Sci.), David TAVKHLADZE (Tblis U.), Calokerinos ANTONY (Athens U.), Egon-Erwin ROSENBERG (Wien Tech. U.), Eva BULSKA (Warszaw U.), Arūnas RAMANAVICIUS (Vilnius U.), Ilmutdin M. ABDULAGATOV (Dagestan State U.), Dimiter TSALEV (Sofia U.), Sutopo HADI (Lampung U.), Yurij STETSYSHYN (Lviv U.), Shahabuddin Memon (Sindh U.), Sibel A. OZKAN (Ankara U.), Mustafa SOYLAK (Erciyes U.), Julide Hizal YUCESOY (Yalova U.), Ugur TAMER (Gazi U.), F. Nil ERTAS (Ege U.), Mustafa TUZEN (Gaziosmanpasa U.), Ali Rehber TURKER (Gazi U.), K. Arzum ERDEM (Ege U.), Mustafa ERSOZ (Selcuk U.), A. Nur ONAR-(19Mayis U.), Nevin ERK (Ankara U.), Serife TOKALIOGLU (Erciyes U.), Fırat AYDIN (Dicle U.), Serap Saglik ASLAN (Istanbul U.), Aysem Uzer ARDA (Istanbul U.), Belgin IZGI (Uludag U.), Zehra KUCUKBAY (Inonu U.), Emur HENDEN (Ege U.), Bedia Erim BERKER (Istanbul Technical U.), Ramazan GURKAN (Cumhuriyet U.), Mustafa IMAMOGLU (Sakarya U.), Güleren ALSANCAK (Suleyman Demirel U.), Sacide ALTINOZ (Hacettepe U.), Selim ERDOGAN (Inonu U.), Elif Tumay OZER (Uludag U.), Sema BAGDAT (Balikesir U.), Mehmet KAHRAMAN (Gaziantep U.), Ersin KILINC (Artuklu U.).

CONTINUATION COMMITTEE Alex. ZACHARIA- Odesa U.-Seref GUCER-Uludag U. (BBCAC 2001), Goksel AKCIN-Yildiz Technical U. (BBCAC 2003), Raluca MOCANU- Bucharest Politehn. U. (BBCAC 2005), Dimiter TSALEV- Sofia U. (BBCAC 2007), A. Nur ONAR-19 Mayis U. (BBCAC 2009), Munevver SOKMEN-Karadeniz Technical U. (BBCAC 2013), Irina KARADJOVA-Sofia U. (BBCAC 2015).

INVITED SPEAKERS Bezhan CHANKVETADZE-Tblisi State U., Michael BOLSHOV-Rus. Ac. Sci., Rawil FAKHRULLİN-Kazan Fed.U, Trajce STAFILOV-SS Cyril Meth U., Alexander ZACHARIA-Odesa U., Irina KARADJOVA-Sofia U., Agnese OSITE-Latvia U., Resat APAK-Istanbul U., Yusuf DILGIN-18 Mart U., Bekir SALIH-Hacettepe U., Mustafa CULHA-Yeditepe U, Yucel SAHINYTU., Shahabuddin Memon (Sindh U.), Yurij STETSYSHYN Lviv U, O. Yavuz ATAMAN-METU.

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BBCAC 2018 Organizing Committee Members Prof. Dr. Seref GUCER-Uludag U. Prof. Dr. Sezgin BAKIRDERE-Yildiz Technical U. Prof. Dr. Durisehvar UNAL-Istanbul U. Prof. Dr. Mehmet YAMAN-Firat U. Prof. Dr. Gokce KAYA-Firat U.

Chair Prof. Dr. Mehmet YAMAN Firat University

Local Organizing Committee-Secretariat Mehmet Yaman (Firat U.), Durisehvar Unal (Istanbul U.), Gokce KAYA (Firat U.), Didem Giray Dilgin (Canakkale 18 Mart U), Maruf H. Demirel (Firat U.), Nursu Aylin Kasa (Yildiz Technical U.), Dotse Selali Chormey (Yildiz Technical U.), Sezin Erarpat (Yildiz Technical U.), Merve Firat (Yildiz Technical U.), Gozde Ozzeybek (Yildiz Technical U.), Esra Maltepe (Yildiz Technical U.), Buse Tugba Zaman (Yildiz Technical U.), Cagdas Buyukpinar (Yildiz Technical U.), Merve Arslan (Istanbul U.), Cem Kaplan (Istanbul U.), Ibrahim Danis (Istanbul U.), Neset Nesetoglu (Istanbul U.), Utku Balcik (Yildiz Technical U.), Merve UCA (IYTE), Yilmaz Ugur (Inonu U.), Nilay Kizilkan (Gaziantep U), Lia Bezhitashvili (Tbilisi State U.).

Statistic of registration and abstract submissions

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FT15-Temporal Changes in Trace Element Concentrations in Spring, Shallow and Deep Well Waters from the Uluova Plain-Elazig, Turkey Murat Celiker A, Sedat TÜRKMEN B,*, Cüneyt GÜLER C AGeneral

Directorate of State Hydraulic Works, 9th Regional Directorate, Elazig, Turkey & Fırat University, Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Elazig, Turkey BÇukurova University, Engineering Faculty, Geological Engineering Department, Adana, Turkey CMersin University, Engineering Faculty, Geological Engineering Department, Mersin, Turkey *E-mail: [email protected],

Abstract: In this study, our aim was to examine temporal changes in trace element (As, Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ba, B, V, Se, Sb, Co) concentrations at three different locations, including spring, shallow and deep well waters, in a monthly frequency between November 2012 and October 2013. The water sampling sites are in the middle of Uluova plain near Elazig city. The results obtained suggest that arsenic (As) levels in most of the studied water samples are higher than the maximum concentration allowed (MCL) in drinking water. However, the concentrations of other elements were lower than the permissible levels. Climatic conditions change the trace element concentrations, especially in water samples taken from spring and shallow well waters. Keywords: Uluova, Trace Elements, Arsenic

INTRODUCTION Assessment of trace, particularly toxic trace, elements has high popularity due to widespread occurrence of pollution resulting from industrial and agricultural activities. In the past several decades, our understanding of water quality has expanded with our increased understanding of the importance of the hydrologic cycle for groundwater quality conditions. Additionally, other natural factors, including geology, tectonic structure and geomorphology, also control the timing and amount of surface and groundwater flow and the transport of waterborne constituents, including contaminants. Furthermore, natural complexity is increasing because of changes in climate, resulting in new patterns of seasonal precipitation, runoff, and spatial and temporal distribution of snow versus rain [1, 2]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Area This study was conducted in spring, shallow and deep well from three different locations of Uluova sub-basin. Uluova sub-basin is located in the southeast part of Elazig Province, Turkey. This sub-basin is located between longitude 39° 00ʺ - 39° 35ʺ E and latitude 38° 25ʺ - 38° 45ʺ N. Based on their age, the rocks found in the Uluova sub-basin can be classified into eight units. Geological units consist of the Upper Cretaceous Elazig magmatic rocks, Upper Maastrichtian Harami Formation, Upper Maastrichtian - Middle Eocene Hazar Group, Middle Eocene Maden Group, Middle–Upper Eocene Kırkgeçit Formation, Upper Miocene–Lower Pliocene Karabakır Formation, Upper Pliocene – Pleistocene Palu Formation and the Quaternary alluvial deposits. The water sampling sites are in the middle of Uluova plain near Elazig city. There are industrial factories and Elazig airport near the study area. Furthermore, agricultural activities are intense in the region where the aquifer beneath the plain provides drinking water of Elazig city with a population of 600 000. Most of the precipitation falls in the spring and winter months. The mean annual total precipitation (1929 - 2013) is 426.3 mm. The highest monthly rainfall was observed at 66.4 mm in April and the lowest at 1.17 mm in August. According to Elazig Meteorology Station observations (1938-2013), mean temperature is 13 °C and monthly maximum temperature (42.2°C) is measured in August, minimum temperature (-22.6 ° C) in January. Sampling and Measurement: Water samples (n = 36) were collected from three different locations, including spring, shallow and deep well water in a monthly frequency between November 2012 and October 2013. 60


The trace elements (As, Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ba, B, V, Se, Sb, Co) were analyzed by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer) method and compared to the values of maximum concentration allowed (MCL) in drinking water. RESULTS and DISCUSSION The graphs showing the results of the analysis together with the mean rainfall are shown in Figure 1a – 1p. The concentration of arsenic in the groundwater ranges from 2.74 to 367.2 ppb. It was low in shallow well water in July and high in shallow well water in October. The concentration of aluminum in the groundwater range from 0.08 to 162.4 ppb. It was low in deep well water in September and high in spring water in October. The concentration of iron in the groundwater range from 0.03 to 57.88 ppb. It was low in deep well water in December and high in deep well water in November. The concentration of manganese in the groundwater varied from 0.27 to 240.7 ppb. It was low in shallow well water in April and high in spring water in October. Chromium ranged between 0.94 to 8.25 ppb. It was low in shallow well water in June and high in spring water in October. Average nickel results ranged from 0.65 to 49.15 ppb with minimum value at spring water during March and maximum value at sampling shallow well water during July. Lead concentration in the Uluova Basin at the studied locations ranged from 0.31 to 4.70 ppb. The minimum value was recorded at deep well water (December) while the maximum value was recorded at spring water (August). Zinc was recorded in 35 samples during the investigation period. It ranged from 0.16 to 156.9 ppb. The maximum value and the minimum value were recorded during October (at shallow well water) and May (at spring water), respectively. Copper ranged between 0.08 and 9.14 ppb with minimum concentration at deep well water during June and maximum concentration at spring water during December. Cadmium concentrations for the water samples under study varied between 0.05 and 4.35 ppb. It was low in spring, shallow and deep well waters in November and maximum in spring water in August. The concentration of boron in the groundwater varied from 92.12 to 22180 ppb. It was low in shallow well water in September and high in deep well water in February. Barium ranged between 8.22 to 101.8 ppb. It was found low in spring water in December and high in shallow well water in January. The concentration of vanadium in the groundwater range between 0.60 and 14.04 ppb. It was low in spring water in May and high in shallow well water in January. Selenium ranged between 0.27 and 28.08 ppb with minimum concentration at deep well water during November and maximum concentration at spring water during September. The concentration of antimony in the groundwater varied from 0.10 to 12.33 ppb. It was low in deep well water in December and high in deep well water in October. Cobalt was recorded in 31 samples during the investigation period. It ranged from 0.01 to 4.75 ppb. The maximum value and the minimum value were recorded during February (at spring water) and November (at shallow well water), respectively. CONCLUSION Climatic conditions change the trace element concentrations, especially in water samples taken from spring and shallow well waters. In the spring water samples: In November, January, February, and June; arsenic, manganese and boron, in December, April and July; arsenic, manganese, boron and selenium, in March; manganese, boron and selenium, in May; manganese and boron, in August; manganese, boron, selenium and antimony, in September; only manganese, in October; arsenic, manganese, boron, vanadium and antimony were detected in concentrations that were higher than the MCL. In the shallow well waters: In December; arsenic, boron and antimony, in March, April, June and August; only selenium were detected in concentrations that were higher than the MCL. In the deep well water samples: In the sampling periods, except November only arsenic was detected in concentration that were higher than the MCL. In November, arsenic, iron, boron and vanadium were detected in concentrations that were higher than the MCL. REFERENCES 1. Matthew, C., Larsen, Pixie, A. Hamilton, William H. Werkheiser, Water Quality Status and Trends in the United States, Monitoring Water Quality (2013), 19-57. 2. Larsen M.C. Water Resources Impact. American Water Resources Association (2012), 14(5), 3–7.

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Figure 1. Graphs showing the temporal changes in elemental concentrations together with the mean rainfall.

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Figure 1. Continued.

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