The cable comes ashore on. Feb 6, 2006 at Pat Bay, Saanich Inlet. Installed by
CS Wave Venture of Global Marine Systems Inc ...
The Canadian cabled ocean observatories: NEPTUNE Canada and VENUS Projects in the North-east Pacific Chris R. Barnes NEPTUNE Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
[email protected] www.neptunecanada.ca; www.uvic.ca/venus
Selected applications of cabled observatories • New scientific knowledge and interpretations • Development of new technologies • Renewable and non-renewable resource development • Climate change driven by the oceans • Hazard mitigation: earthquakes, tsunamis, storms, slope failures • Sovereignty and security • Port security and shipping • Ocean management and policy formulation • Education, outreach and public information
The Ocean On-line, Real Time, Anytime
VENUS is located in two places: •
Strait of Georgia is a deep in-land basin, strongly influenced by tides, wind, and river forcing. Intense human use. Depths to 300m.
• Saanich Inlet is sheltered, has complex bio-chemical cycles, and is a model for eutrophic, low oxygen basins. Benign experimental setting. At 100 m depth
VENUS Present
VENUS operating in Saanich Inlet since March 2006: over 25 sensors. VENUS installed the cable for Strait of Georgia array .... May/June, 2007 Target end October 2007 for most instruments and Feb 2008 for full operations. Total cost: US$10M
Saanich Array at 100m depth
shore landing at Institute of Ocean Sciences
Shore Station, providing 400 VDC and Internet high speed backhaul communications.
Armoured fibre optic cable deployed by industrial cable-lay ship
The cable comes ashore on Feb 6, 2006 at Pat Bay, Saanich Inlet
Installed by CS Wave Venture of Global Marine Systems Inc
VENUS Saanich Inlet Node pod and base
www.venus.uvic.ca Data are flowing and freely available. On-line plots are perfect for teaching, students, and scanning for events. DMAS tools (with NEPTUNE Canada) do/will include archive search, event recognition, Google map, data analysis
Can we help you with your research or with instrument development? Lots of room to expand
COME DOWN TO VISIT AT WWW.VENUS.UVIC.CA
Strait of Georgia plans
Mid Strait Studies: Tidal and estuarine forcing of circulation; Plankton dynamics; fish tracking; Whale/shipping acoustics, Food falls.
Delta Dynamics Study: monitor modes of sediment transport examine slope behaviour under loading, seepage and disturbance conditions.
Sediment dynamics Fraser Delta stability and movement Inflowing deep water renews nutrients, oxygen and exchanges water masses Mixing behaviour
Deep water influx in SoG
Deep water influx in SoG
NEPTUNE North East Pacific Time-series Undersea Networked Experiment A plate-scale, seafloor network of remote, interactive, natural laboratories for real-time, 4-D experiments designed to quantify linkages among oceanographic and plate-related processes
NEPTUNE STAGES 1 & 2
NEPTUNE Stage 1
Generalized Observatory Configuration Science Platform
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Backbone cable
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Optical Layer Technology • • •
Wavelength Division Multiplexing Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers Optical Add/Drop Combined Spectrum
Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier Signal In
Signal Out Pump Laser 980 nm
Optical Couplers in Branching Units
Combiners, Splitters & Optical Filters
Transmitters & Receivers
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Network Architecture
10G Ethernet to UVic
ShoreStation Data Processing
Science Research Themes Plate tectonic processes and earthquake dynamics Dynamic processes of fluid fluxes and gas hydrates in the sea bed Regional oceanic/climate dynamics and effects on the marine biota Deep-sea ecosystem dynamics Engineering and computational research
Ocean crust formation, fluid flow and subduction
NEPTUNE Stage 1
Advanced CORK System for Ocean Bottom Boreholes (courtesy of E. Davis)
Tectonics and Plate Dynamics Broadband seismometer - GuraIp Strong motion seismometer Short-period seismometer arrays (at ridge) Current meter (near bottom) Hydrophone - 5Hz - ~20kHz T-phase hydrophone arrays Absolute magnetometer Controlled source electromagnetic sensor Magnetotelluric source Tsunamis - bottom pressure sensors Geodetic monitoring package with: – 4 acoustic transponders – Buoy with 3 GPS receivers – 4 mid-depth acoustic interrogation units
NEPTUNE Stage 1
Cascadia Gas Hydrates •Rotary still cameras •Thermistors •CH4 , O2, SO4 sensors •Crawler (Bremen) – video •Fluid flux sensor
Cascadia Gas Hydrates Seismic
IODP proposal #553
Barkley Canyon node
Benthic Ecology – – – – – – – – – –
Conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) system Laser optical plankton counter Profiling winch high-volume plankton multi-sample pump Multi-sample sediment traps Acoustic doppler profilers (1 ADCP and 4 Aquadopps) Acoustic doppler velocimeter (vector) Rotary sonars Pan-tilt video cameras; high-resolution pan-tilt still camera. Broadband (5Hz-20 kHz) hydrophone In situ microbial metabolism package
QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
Instrument Packages: Barkley Canyon +RD instruments ADCP (300 kHz) +Nortek Aquadopp (2 MHz)
Boundary layer measurements
+Sediment traps +Plankton pump
Larval, zooplankton & particle flux
+Pan-tilt video
Megafauna, bioturbation, seabed features
*CTD *Fluorometer *Profiling winch or Creeper
Boundary layer water mass and particulate characterization via profiling
*Laser OPC *Antifouling package
Zooplankton abundance via profiling
*Hi-Res camera system
Bioturbation, seabed features colonization
*Microbial package
*Pod 1 +Pod 2
Microbial metabolism
Profiling Instrument Package • Seabird SBE25 CTD + SBE43 O2 sensor + WETStar fluorometer • Transmissometer • Satlantic nitrate sensor • ProOceanus CO2 sensor • Upwelling and downwelling radiometer • Multi-frequency acoustics package (plus broadband hydrophone)
Ocean climate dynamics •CTD •Oxygen sensor •Fluorometer •Transmissometer •Nitrate sensor •CO2 sensor •Upwelling/downwelling radiometer •Broadband hydrophone •ADCP •Bottom Pressure Sensor
Coccolithophorid algal bloom - NASA photo: June 16, 2006
Tracking marine mammals • Receivers will identify and track whales both small and great • Record migration tracks, abundance and communication behaviour • Examine ship interactions
Killers 100 Hz to 20 kHz Great whales 10 to 1000Hz
Rockfish Conservancy
Data Management and Archive System (DMAS)
What are VENUS and NEPTUNE? • Instruments – VENUS will have 3 nodes, ~30 instruments, ~120 sensors – NEPTUNE will have 5 nodes, ~120 instruments, ~400 sensors – Instruments produce all sorts of data formats: • Scalar (e.g., temperature, chemical ratio) • Arrays (e.g., images, velocity vectors) • Streams (e.g., sound, video)
What are VENUS and NEPTUNE? • Shore station – Start and/or end of backbone cable – Power feed equipment – IP (and Sonet gear), fibre illumination equipment – Data acquisition software – Data buffering – End of the backhaul line
What are VENUS and NEPTUNE? • Operation centre – Hosts observatory control and monitoring – Hosts main data archive – At UVic – Shore station will be “lights-out” management as much as possible
DMAS Features
• Allow human interaction with instruments • Facilitate automated, routine “survey campaigns” • Facilitate automated event detection and reaction • Store scalar data in data base for easy xcorrelation • Store complex data in fast file system • User access mostly through the web (or specialized client software)
DMAS Technologies • Services Oriented Architecture – – – –
Enterprise Service Bus (IBM WebSphere MQ) Web Services Scientific Work Flow tools (e.g., Kepler) Publish-and-subscribe approach
• RDBMS (Currently Sybase) • File Management System (HIA's AD system) • Java servlets, Tomcat, Hybernate, Velocity, ...
DMAS Architecture
DMAS Software Development • Developed in-house – Never been done before at this scale • Requirements not easily obtained • Requirements changing fast
• DMAS group has 3 teams – Development (7 staff) – QA/QC (2 staff) – Operations & IT Support (4.5 staff – Sep '07)
Features
NEPTUNE Canada Participating Canadian Universities: Memorial
Guelph
Dalhousie
Waterloo
UQAR (Rimouski)
Manitoba
Laval
Simon Fraser
UQAM (Montreal)
British Columbia
Carleton
Victoria
Toronto
NEPTUNE Canada Participating Federal Government Departments Fisheries & Oceans Canada
IOS, PBS
Natural Resources Canada
GSC-P, GSC-A
Environment Canada
CCCma
Parks Canada
Pacific Rim National Park
National Defense
Esquimalt, DRDC
National Research Council
Herzberg Institute for Astrophysics
CURRENT FUNDING SITUATION • Current funding is $78.4M (CFI/BCKDF) • $2.6M awarded as two grants under the CANARIE Intelligent Infrastructure Program (2005-06) • In-kind support of over $15M • Total NC funds (incl. in-kind support): c. $100M • US power/communications development grants (NSF, Foundations): $30M • Test beds funding: VENUS ($10.3M), MARS ($15M) • Total cabled ocean observatories awards: $155M • Delay in US funding: to start in 2008-09 (US$331M over 6yrs for OOI) • CANARIE partial support for Port Alberni to Victoria communication backhaul costs • Currently seeking operating funds to start in 2009, e.g. from NSERC, CECR, others ($2.4M from CFI awarded)
CURRENT ACTIVITIES AND ISSUES • Wet Plant designed and installed by Alcatel-Lucent ($50M); cable lay Q3 ‘07; nodes installed ‘08 • Science Agreements arranged (‘06-’07) for instrument acquisition/development; installation in ‘08 (-09?) • DMAS: $2.6M CANARIE CIIP funding ‘05-’06; CDR in Q1 ‘07 • Consultation (‘05-) with First Nations, Fishers & Navies: Science Advisory Committee, Fishery Advisory Committee and Cybersecurity Committee established • Seabed mapping and route surveys (‘05, ‘06 & ‘07) • Environmental assessment work (Hemmera; ‘05-‘06) • Invitation to add instruments; MOUs with other institutions • Establishment of Ocean Networks Canada to manage NEPTUNE Canada and VENUS as national facilities (09/07)
An invitation to participate…. 1. … in scientific experiments and/or instrument development and deployment on the NEPTUNE Canada observatory in 2008 or post-2008
2. … in MTS/IEEE Oceans 2007 conference in Vancouver, 29 Sept- 4 Oct, with technical sessions on 2-4 Oct including special sessions on ocean observatories
