the evolution of regional planning doctrines

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The evolution of regional planning doctrines or paradigms, an intellectual and professional history of ..... -Lefebvre and Foucault: the discovery of "other" spaces.
SPRING QUARTER - 2012

M 230: INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL PLANNING:

THE EVOLUTION OF REGIONAL PLANNING DOCTRINES

Instructor: Edward W. Soja

- Room 2238 -

Monday, 2-4:50 -

_______________________________________________________________________________ M230 is one of the few courses in Urban Planning explicitly oriented to the role of theory in planning research and practice. It is a required course for RID students and part of the Regional Policy area for students in Policy Studies. It will be of interest to students in all areas of concentration wanting to learn more about regional approaches to planning. It is also highly recommended to Ph.D. students as a useful complement to the Planning Theory and History sequence. _______________________________________________________________________________

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

M230 is a critical-historical analysis of the development of regional planning in theory and practice, from its nineteenth century roots to the "New-Regionalism" of today. In the course, we will be concerned with three inter-related levels of analysis and discussion:

1.

The evolution of regional planning doctrines or paradigms, an intellectual and professional history of regional planning in the United States, Europe, and the Third World.

2.

The associated development of spatial theory and analysis, examining ideas about space, territory, regions and the role of spatial organization as they affect regional planning -- an introduction to what might be called "Spatial Theory for Planners."

3.

The influence of the geohistorical and societal context on the evolution of both regional planning doctrine and spatial theory. Here the aim is to concretize the development of regional planning thought in "real world" political and economic conditions.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS

REQUIRED READINGS: Photocopied Reader - to be available for purchase.

GOOGLE EXERCISE: Working paper (2-3 pages) on definitions of the New Regionalism, based on entering ANew Regionalism@ on a Google search. Brief class presentation in Week 2, summary paper due Week 3.

CRITICAL COMMENTARIES: Three brief (3-5 page) papers based on books selected from the weekly bibliographies: 1) weeks 2-3; 2) weeks 4-6; 3) weeks 7-8 These papers are due in weeks 4, 7, and 9.

FINAL REVIEW PAPER on the New Regionalism: (5-8 pages) due one week after the last class session; based on the readings for weeks 9-10 and critical reflections on the contemporary relevance of the New Regionalism, especially with regard to one’s area of interest.

3 M230: INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL PLANNING ------------COURSE OUTLINE AND SYLLABUS------------

Week 1. INTRODUCTION--FRAMEWORKS FOR THINKING ABOUT REGIONS -The regional concept and regional planning -The development of spatial theory and its impact on planning -What to expectBa preview of the course -Introduction to the New Regionalism Readings: Edward Soja, “Regional Planning and Development Theories,” International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Elsevier (2009) - copy emailed to students Renia Ehrenfeucht, AThe New Regionalism: A Conversation with Edward Soja,@ Critical Planning (2002) Vol. 9, pp. 5-12. M. Storper, AThe Resurgence of Regional Economies, 10 Years Later,@ in The Regional World (1997)

Week 2. THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND POLITICAL SOURCES OF REGIONAL DOCTRINE -The New Regionalism on line B Google exercise and presentations -Industrial capitalism and 19th century regionalisms -The rise of the social sciences, scientific socialism, and the regional imagination -Utopians, anarchists, geographers: Keeping the regional fires burning Readings: Clyde Weaver, "The Precursors of Regional Planning," Ch. 3 in Regional Development and the Local Community: Planning, Politics and Social Context (1984). John Friedmann, "Planning as Social Mobilization," Ch. 6 in Planning in the Public Domain: From Knowledge to Action (1988). Barbara Hooper, "Split at the Roots: A Critique of the Philosophical and Political Sources of Regional Planning Doctrine," GSAUP (1990).

4 BIBLIOGRAPHY Peter Hall and Colin Ward, Sociable Cities: The Legacy of Ebenezer Howard, Wiley (1998). Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Cities, London (1915). Current edition contained in Stalley (ed.), Patrick Geddes: Spokesman for Man and the Environment, Rutgers University Press (1972). Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner, Routledge (1990). Philip Boardman, The Worlds of Patrick Geddes, Routledge (1978). Charles Fourier, Design for Utopia: Selected Writings of Charles Fourier, Schocken Books (1971). Dolores Hayden, The Grand Domestic Revolution, MIT Press (1989). Carl Guarneri, The Utopian Alternative: Fourierism in 19th Century America, Cornell (1991). Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of Tomorrow (1898, 1902, MIT Press edition-1984). Peter Kropotkin, Fields, Factories and Workshops Tomorrow, Harper Torchbooks, (1975). or Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution, Heineman (1902). or Selected Writings on Anarchism and Revolution, MIT Press (1970), ed. M.A. Miller. George Woodcock, Peter Kropotkin: From Prince to Rebel, Black Rose (1990). George Crowder, Classical Anarchism: The Political Thought of Godwin, Proudhon, Bakunin, and Kropotkin, Oxford University Press (1991). Marshall Shatz ed., Statism and Anarchy: Mikhail Bakunin, Cambridge U. Press (1990). E. Hyams, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: His Revolutionary Life, Mind and Works, Taplinger Publishing Company (1979). John Ehrenberg, Proudhon and His Age, Humanities Press (1996). B. Goodwin, Social Science and Utopia: Nineteenth Century Models of Social Harmony, Harvester Press (1978). G. Woodcock, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: His Life and Work, Schocken Books (1972). Marie Fleming, The Geography of Freedom: The Odyssey of Elisee Reclus, Black Rose Books (1988). Margaret Marsh, Anarchical Women 1870-1920, Temple (1981). Sheila Rowbotham, Women, Resistance and Revolution, Pantheon (1972).

5 Week 3. THE U.S. EXPERIENCE IN REGIONAL PLANNING 1900-1950 -Pragmatism vs. Utopia: the Americanization of European tradition -The consolidation of the first regional planning "doctrine" -Comprehensive river basin development and the Tennessee Valley Authority -The Great Depression, the New Deal and the "electrocution of utopia" Readings: Weaver, Ch. 4, "Comprehensive River Basin Development."

BIBLIOGRAPHY Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities, Harcourt, Brace and World (1938). or The Urban Prospect, Harcourt, Brace and World (1968). or Lewis Mumford and Patrick Geddes: The Correspondence, Routledge (1995). Carl Sussman, (ed.), Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, MIT Press (1976). Marc Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning, Guildford Press (1995). Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life, Weidenfeld and Nicholson (1989). Robert Woytowicz, Lewis Mumford and American Modernism: Eutopian Theories for Architecture and Urban Planning, Cambridge U. Press (1996). B.J. Frieden and W.W. Nash (eds.), Shaping an Urban Future: Essays in Memory of Catherine Bauer Wurster, MIT Press (1969). Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (1928, reissued by Harcourt, Brace, 1962, and U. of Illinois Press, 1990). Howard Odum and Harry Moore, American Regionalism, Henry Holt (1938). David Lilienthal, TVA: Democracy on the March, Harpers (1944). Clarence Stein, Towards New Towns in America, MIT Press (1957). John Friedmann, The Spatial Structure of Economic Development in the Tennessee Valley, University of Chicago (1955). P. Selznick, TVA and the Grass Roots, University of California (1949).

6 Week 4. THE SPATIAL CONVERGENCE: REGIONAL THEORY/SCIENCE/DOCTRINE -The emergence of scientific human geography -Doctrine 2: Spatial systems planning as the new paradigm -Growth poles, polarization, and regional development -Exploring the "space economy"

Readings: Friedmann and Weaver, Territory and Function, pp. 89-103, 114-131.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Peter Hall, Von Thunen's Isolated State, Pergamon (1966), translation of first volume of von Thunen's Der Isolierte Staat, first published in 1826. Michael Chisholm, Rural Settlement and Land Use, Hutchinson (1962). Alfred Weber, Theory of the Location of Industries (1909--translation, University of Chicago Press, 1929, from Uber den Standort der Industrien). Walter Christaller, Central Places in Southern Germany (1933--translation, Prentice-Hall, 1966 from Die zentralen Orte in Suddeutschland). August Losch, The Economics of Location, Yale (1954). E. M. Hoover, The Location of Economic Activity, McGraw-Hill (1948). E. M. Hoover, An Introduction to Regional Economics, Knopf (1971). Walter Isard, Location and Space Economy, MIT Press (1956). Peter Haggett, Locational Analysis in Human Geography, Methuen (1967). David Harvey, Explanation in Geography, Arnold (1969). John Friedmann and W. Alonso (eds.), Regional Development Planning: A Reader, MIT Press,(first edition 1964). Harry Richardson, Regional Economics, Illinois (1978).

7 Week 5. THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF REGIONAL DOCTRINE -The "necessity" for regional policy--the diffusion of Doctrine 2 -Nation-building, "developmentalism," and the geography of modernization -On the causes and consequences of geographically uneven development -Bell-curves and the core-periphery relation Readings: John Friedmann and William Alonso (eds.), Regional Development Planning: A Reader, MIT Press (first edition--1964). Chapters by Francois Perroux, "Economic Space: Theory and Applications," pp. 59-71. B.J.L. Berry, "Cities as Systems Within Systems of Cities," and "City-size Distributions and Economic Development."

BIBLIOGRAPHY Gunnar Myrdal, Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions, Duckworth (1957), also published as Rich Lands and Poor. Albert O. Hirschmann, The Strategy of Economic Development, Yale (1958). John Friedmann, Regional Development Policy: A Case Study of Venezuela, MIT Press (1966). E.A.J. Johnson, The Organization of Space in Developing Countries, Harvard (1970). P.O. Pedersen, Urban-Regional Development in South America: A Process of Diffusion and Integration, Mouton (1974). J.G. Williamson, "Regional Inequality and the Process of National Development: A Description of the Patterns," Economic Development and Cultural Change 13 (1965), pp. 3-45. A. Kuklinski (ed.), Regional Development and Planning: International Perspectives, Sijthoff (1975). ______ (ed.), Growth Poles and Growth Centers in Regional Planning, Mouton (1972). A. Kuklinski and Petrella (eds.), Growth Poles and Regional Policies, Mouton (1972). Edward W. Soja, The Geography of Modernization in Kenya, Syracuse (1968).

8 Week 6. POST-WAR REGIONAL POLICY IN THE U.S. AND WESTERN EUROPE -Promises-Promises: the regionalization of the welfare state -EDA and Regional Commissions in the U.S. -Regional policy in Britain, France, and Italy -The implicit regional policies of Keynesianism and Fordism

Readings: Weaver, Chs. 5 and 6, "Postwar Growth and the Reappearance of Regional Theory" and "The Rise and Fall of Regional Policy."

BIBLIOGRAPHY Brian Berry, Growth Centers in the American Urban System, Vol. 1, Ballinger (1973). John Cumberland, Regional Development: Experiences and Prospects in the United States of America, Mouton (1971). Peter Hall, Urban and Regional Planning, Wiley (1975). Niles Hansen, (ed.), Public Policy and Regional Economic Development: The Experience of Nine Western Countries, Ballinger (1974). ______ (ed.), Growth Centers and Regional Economic Development, The Free Press (1972). J. Boudeville, Problems of Regional Economic Planning, Edinburgh (1966). Harvey Perloff, Edgar S. Dunn Jr., E.E. Lampard and R.F. Muth, Regions, Resources and Economic Growth, Johns Hopkins (1960). M. J. Moseley, Growth Centers in Spatial Planning, Pergamon (1974). J. Sundquist, Dispersing Population: What America Can Learn From Europe, Brookings (1975). OECD, Regional Policy in 15 Industrialized OECD Countries (1970). _____. Regional Problems and Policies in OECD Countries (1976). Gavin McCrone, Regional Policy in Britain, Allen and Unwin (1969). E. A. G. Robinson (ed.), Backward Areas in Advanced Countries, St. Martins (1969).

9 Week 7. THE DISINTEGRATION OF REGIONAL PLANNING DOCTRINE 2 -Peripheral voices: underdevelopment and dependency theory -The Neo-Marxist critique of regional planning doctrines -The end of welfare regionalism? Readings: Weaver, Ch. 7, "Development, Underdevelopment and Uneven Development: A Debate on the Left." Friedmann and Weaver, Territory and Function, pp. 163-180.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Stuart Holland, The Regional Problem, Macmillan (1976). _____, Capital vs. the Regions, Macmillan (1976). Harold Brookfield, Interdependent Development, Methuen (1975). Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America, Monthly Review Press (1967). _____, Dependent Accumulation and Underdevelopment, Monthly Review Press (1980). T. Szentes, The Political Economy of Underdevelopment, Budapest (1976). Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale, 2 vols., Monthly Review Press (1974). Immanuel Wallerstein, The Capitalist World Economy, Cambridge (1979). Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange, New Left Books (1972). William R. Thompson, Contending Approaches to World Systems Analysis, Sage (1983).

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Week 8. REGIONS AND THE RECONCEPTUALIZATION OF SPATIALITY -Structuralism and social theory -Lefebvre and Foucault: the discovery of "other" spaces -Foundations for a new regionalism Readings: E. Soja, Postmodern Geographies, Chs. 2 and 4, "Marxist Geography and Critical Social Theory" and "Urban and Regional Debates: the First Round." Ernest Mandel, "Capitalism and Regional Disparities," Southwest Economy and Society (1976), pp. 41-47. Doreen Massey, "Regionalism: Some Current Issues," Capital and Class (1978), pp.106125

BIBLIOGRAPHY Val Burris, "Introduction: The Structuralist Influence in Marxist Theory and Research," in The Insurgent Sociologist IX (1979), pp. 4-17 of special issue on Marxism and Structuralism. Henri Lefebvre, The Production of Space, Basil Blackwell (1991). _____, The Survival of Capitalism, St. Martin's Press (1976). Anthony Giddens, The Constitution of Society, (1984). _____, Central Problems in Social Theory, (1979). _____, A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism (1981). Derek Gregory, Ideology, Science and Human Geography, St. Martins (1978). Nicos Poulantzas, State, Power, Socialism, Verso (1980). J. G. Carney, R. Hudson, and J. Lewis (eds.), Regions in Crisis, Croom Helm (1980). Costis Hadjimichalis, Uneven Development and Regionalism: State, Territory and Class in Southern Europe, Croom Helm, (1987). W. Stohr and D. R. F. Taylor, Development from Above or Below? Wiley (1982). Charles Gore, Regions in Question: Space, Development Theory and Regional Policy, Methuen (1984).

11 Philip Cooke, Theories of Planning and Spatial Development, Hutchinson (1983). Robert Goodman, The Last Entrepreneurs: America's Regional Wars for Jobs and Dollars, Simon and Schuster (1979). Ann Markusen, Regions: the Economics and Politics of Territory, Rowman and Littlefield (1987).

Week 9: TOWARDS A NEW REGIONALISM -Entrepreneurial regionalism and city marketing -Mesogeographies and the concept of scale -From global cities to global city regions -Regional Urbanization Readings: Mary Beth Pudup, "Industrialization After (De)Industrialization: A Review Essay," Urban Geography 13 (1992), 187-200. John Friedmann and Robin Bloch, "American Exceptionalism in Regional Planning, 19332000," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 14 (1990), 576-601. Allen J. Scott, AA World of Regions,@ in Regions and the World Economy (1998), 137-57. BIBLIOGRAPHY Allen J. Scott and Michael Storper, "Regional Development Reconsidered," Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies, Working Paper 1, 1990. Allen J. Scott, Regions and the World Economy, Oxford University Press (1998) -------------- ed., Global City-Regions: Trends,Theory, Policy, Oxford U. Press, 2001. Michael Storper, The Regional World, Guilford Press (1997). Edward W. Soja, Postmetropolis: Critical Studies of Cities and Regions, Blackwell (2000). Bjorn Hettne, Andras Inotai, and Osvaldo Sunkel (eds), Globalism and the New Regionalism, St. Martin=s (1999). Ohmae, Kenichi, The End of the Nation State: The Rise of Regional Economies, Free Press (1995). Hans-Joachim Braczyk, Philip Cooke, and Martin Heidenreich (eds), Regional Innovation Systems, UCL Press (1998).

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Week 10. THE NEW REGIONALISM: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN REGIONAL PLANNING THEORY -Restructuring regional planning doctrine: is there a Doctrine 3? -Regional worlds of production: the new debates -Community-based regionalism Readings: Review Week 1 + try to look at Symposium on the New Regionalism, Journal of Planning Education and Research, Spring 2009. Details in Bibliography.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Symposium on the New Regionalism, Journal of Planning Education and Research, Spring 2009, pp. 336-381. The report on the symposium is in four parts: --Keith Pezzoli, Michael Hubbard, and Laura Huntoon, “Introduction to Symposium: Is Progressive Regionalism an Actionable Framework for Critical Planning Theory and Practice?” --Jennifer Clark and Susan Christopherson, “Integrating Investment and Equity: A Critical Regionalist Agenda for a Progressive Regionalism” --Todd Swanstrom and Brian Banks, “Going Regional: Community –Based Regionalism, Transportation, and Local Hiring Agreements” --John Provo, “Risk-averse Regionalism: The Cautionary Tale of Portland, Oregon, and Affordable Housing”

Myron Orfield, Metropolitics: A Regional Agenda for Community and Stability, Brookings Institution Press/Lincoln Institute of Land Policy (1997) John H. Dunning ed., Regions, Globalization, and the Knowledge-Based Economy, Oxford U. Press (2000). Manuel Pastor, J. Eugene Grigsby, Maria Lopez-Garza, Regions That Work: How Cities and Suburbs Can Grow Together, U. of Minnesota Press (2000). Manuel Pastor, Chris Benner, and Martha Matsuoka, This Could be the Start of Something Big: How Social Movements for Regional Equity are Reshaping America, Cornell University Press (2009) Ash Amin and Nigel Thrift eds., Globalization, Institutions, and Regional Development in Europe, Oxford University Press (1994) Ash Amin, Doreen Massey, and Nigel Thrift, Decentering the Nation: A Radical Approach to Regional Inequality, Catalyst (2003). Andreas Faludi and Bas Waterhout, The Making of the European Spatial Development Perspective, Routledge (2002) Neil Brenner, New State Spaces: Urban Governance and the Rescaling of Statehood, Oxford

13 University Press. Edward Soja, Seeking Spatial Justice, University of Minnesota Press 2010)