The Great Plains Indians

6 downloads 165 Views 3MB Size Report
Do Now Directions: The Great Plains is located in the center of the country between .... Battle of Wounded Knee – Read the following passage about the Battle of ...
Name: ________________________________________ Dagro

Date: _________ Ms. US History

The Great Plains Indians AIM: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Do Now Directions: The Great Plains is located in the center of the country between the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains. On the map, circle the area that encompasses the Great Plains.

You have been living in your house for all of your life. It is all you know and you are very comfortable there. When you got home from school yesterday, a man knocked at your door and said you must move out. He would bring you to a home with other families who have been relocated. How does this make you feel? What would you do? Your options are below.

I would be angry, but if I was being forced I would have to go and make the best of my new situation. I would be angry, but if I was being forced to I would have to go. After I had been moved, I would fight for my rights. I would refuse to go and put up a fight right there.

After white settlers came, Native Americans were forced off their land onto reservations. Today we will be exploring the life of the Plains Indians after white settlers came.

What were the Great Plains like before white settlers came? Station #1

Buffalo Hunt, 1846 Francis Parkman came to the West in the summer of 1846 having just graduated from Harvard Law School. He was twenty-three years old. His objective was to visit an Indian village in order to experience Native American culture in its original habitat. Accompanied by a cousin, Parkman spent the summer roaming the plains between the Mississippi and the Rockies, documenting what he saw. "Approaching" the Buffalo "The method of 'approaching,' being practiced on foot, has many advantages over that of 'running'; in the former, one neither breaks down his horse nor endangers his own life; instead of yielding to excitement he must be cool, collected, and watchful; he must understand the buffalo, observe the features of the country and the course of the wind... The buffalo are strange animals; sometimes they are so stupid and infatuated that a man may walk up to them in full sight on the open prairie, and again at another moment they will be so shy and wary, that in order to approach them the utmost skill, experience, and judgment are necessary. Kit Carson, I believe, stands pre-eminent in running buffalo; in approaching, no man living can bear away the palm from Henry Chatillon."

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/buffalo.htm

Station #1 Directions: Use the reading to answer the question in column one. Then draw a picture that shows your answer visually in column two. Life on the Plains before white settlers What did the Plains Indians rely on for survival according to the document? What else do you think they relied on?

Why do you think they relied on these things?

Did this way of life “work” for the Plains Indians? Why or why not?

Picture

How did white settlers affect the Great Plains? Station #2

The natural environment of the Great Plains provided life to American Indians. It also took life! People learned that working together and hunting together, was extremely important. Living alone on the plains meant certain death. It was a hard life, taught by Nature. The native people learned from the Earth and the animals and plants. Everything fit together in this Universe as the Plains Indians understood it, and everyone and everything had its role and responsibility. 1804 “There was a time when our forefathers owned this great land. Their towns extended from the rising to the setting sun.... Our towns were once large and yours were once small. You have now become a great people, and we have scarcely a place left to spread our blankets.” -Chief Sagoyewatha to white settlers. 1811 “Brothers — The white men are not friends to the Indians; at first, they only asked for land sufficient for a wigwam; now, nothing will satisfy them but the whole of our hunting grounds, from the rising to the setting sun. “Brothers — My people wish for peace;... but where the white people are, there is no peace.... “Brothers — if you do not unite with us, they will first destroy us, and then you will fall an easy prey to them. They have destroyed many nations of red men because they were not united.... [W]e must fight each other’s battles.”

Tecumseh, appeal to the Osages. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/tcrr/sfeature/sf_interview.html#a

Station #2

Directions: Use the reading to answer the question in column one. Then draw a picture that shows your answer visually in column two. How life on the Plains was affected by white settlers The Indians relied heavily on the buffalo for food, clothing, and tools. What happened to the buffalo when the white settlers came?

The white settlers were new to this land. What do you think they brought with them that caused harm to the Plains Indians? Why did this cause harm?

How were the relationships between the white settlers and the Plains Indians? How do you know this?

Picture

Was it inevitable that Americans would seize Native Americans' land? Station #3

The U.S. Government began to make treaties with the Plains Indians during the mid 1800’s. An important precedent had already been established with the removal of the majority of the eastern woodland tribes starting in the 1820s. Treaties remained as the legal means for obtaining Indian homelands. Obtaining their homelands was the ultimate goal. Such agreements first identified plains groups with certain lands and then the government started creating Indian reservations throughout the Plains. The desire of Manifest Destiny that led to railroads, the quest for gold and silver, and ranchers and settlers wanting land to build homes created an incredible force. The idea of "owning" land was foreign to the American Indian who could not conceive of owning the Earth until the land was taken away. The Indian believed that he was a steward of the Earth, but the white man had a different understanding of land.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/tcrr/sfeature/sf_interview.html#a

Station #3

Directions: Use the reading to answer the question in column one. Then draw a picture that shows your answer visually in column two.

The United States government seizes Native American land

Pictures

Why did the United States government wish to remove the Plains Indians from their land?

What drove this desire to move west?

Was this fair to the Native Americans? Why or why not?

The Dawes Act February 8, 1887

Station #4 Directions: Use the primary resource to answer the question. Then draw a picture that summarizes the purpose of the act in the box.

“An Act to provide for the allotment of lands in severalty (given to) to Indians on the various reservations, and to extend the protection of the laws of the United States and the Territories over the Indians, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, that in all cases where any tribe or band of Indians has been, or shall hereafter be, located upon any reservation created for their use, either by treaty stipulation or by virtue of an act of Congress or executive order setting apart the same for their use, the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized, whenever in his opinion any reservation or any part thereof of such Indians is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes, to cause said reservation, or any part thereof, to be surveyed, or resurveyed if necessary, and to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows: To each head of a family, one-quarter of a section; To each single person over eighteen years of age, one-eighth of a section; To each orphan child under eighteen years of age, one-eighth of a section; and To each other single person under eighteen years now living, or who may be born prior to the date of the order of the President directing an allotment of the lands embraced in any reservation, one-sixteenth of a section…”

What was the purpose of this act?

Why do you think they did this? Why not just take the land with no compensation?

Reservations Station #5

Everything You Need to Know in Life You'll Learn at Boarding School Speak English. Forget the language of your grandparents. It is dead. Forget their teachings. They are ignorant and unGodly. Cleanliness is next to Godliness. Indians are not clean. We will teach you to be clean. You will never amount to anything. Stand in line. You will practice proper hygiene. This is a toothbrush. Hang it on the hook next to the others. Do not allow the bristles to touch. This spreads the disease that you bring to school from your families. Make your bed with mitered corners. A bed not properly made will be torn apart. Start over. The boarding school feeds and clothes you. Remember and be grateful. Say grace before meals. In English. Don't cry. Crying never solved anything. Write home once every month. In English. Tell your mother that you are doing very well. You'll never amount to anything. Answer when the teacher addresses you. In English. We do not recommend visits to your family. If you visit your family in the summer, report to the matron's office immediately upon your return. You will be allowed into the dormitory after you have been sanitized and de-loused. Busy hands are happy hands. Keep yourself occupied. You'll never amount to anything. Books are our friends. Reading is your key to the world. Linda LeGarde Grover is an Ojibwe Indian, and an enrolled member of the Bois Forte Band of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe.

Reservations Station #5 Directions: Analyze the map and read the document. Then answer the questions. 1. Where did white settlers place Native Americans when they took their land? Why do you think this is?

2. How did life change for Native Americans when the white settlers came?

3. Did living on reservations improve life for Native Americans of destroy it? Explain. (Use specific examples from the reading).

Summary Questions -How did the Native Americans react to white settlement? How can this be compared to our scenario at the start of class?

-How were Native Americans impacted by white settlement of the Great Plains?

-How fairly were the Native Americans treated by the white settlers and the United States government? Was this the right thing to do? Why or why not?

Homework: “The Indian Wars” & Eye Witness Account Journal Entry

Battle of Wounded Knee – Read the following passage about the Battle of Wounded Knee (taken from http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/knee.htm). Pretend you are a Plains Indian experiencing this event. Write a short journal entry describing the event from your point of view.

On the morning of December 29, 1890, the Sioux chief Big Foot and some 350 of his followers camped on the banks of Wounded Knee creek. Surrounding their camp was a force of U.S. troops charged with the responsibility of arresting Big Foot and disarming his warriors. The scene was tense. Trouble had been brewing for months.

The hope of the Ghost Dance

The once proud Sioux found their free-roaming life destroyed, the buffalo gone, themselves confined to reservations dependent on Indian Agents for their existence. In a desperate attempt to return to the days of their glory, many sought salvation in a new mysticism (religion) preached by a Paiute shaman

(spiritualist) called Wovoka. Emissaries (agents) from the Sioux in South Dakota traveled to Nevada to hear his words. Wovoka called himself the Messiah and prophesied (said God told him) that the dead would soon join the living in a world in which the Indians could live in the old way surrounded by plentiful game. A tidal wave of new soil would cover the earth, bury the whites, and restore the prairie. To hasten (rush) the event, the Indians were to dance the Ghost Dance. Many dancers wore brightly colored shirts emblazoned (decorated) with images of eagles and buffaloes. These "Ghost Shirts" they believed would protect them from the bluecoats' bullets. During the fall of 1890, the Ghost Dance spread through the Sioux villages of the Dakota reservations, revitalizing the Indians and bringing fear to the whites. A desperate Indian Agent at Pine Ridge wired his superiors in Washington, "Indians are dancing in the snow and are wild and crazy....We need protection and we need it now. The leaders should be arrested and confined at some military post until the matter is quieted, and this should be done now." The order went out to arrest Chief Sitting Bull at the Standing Rock Reservation. Sitting Bull was killed in the attempt on December 15. Chief Big Foot was next on the list. When he heard of Sitting Bull's death, Big Foot led his people south to seek protection at the Pine Ridge Reservation. The army intercepted the band on December 28 and brought them to the edge of the Wounded Knee to camp. The next morning the chief, racked with pneumonia and dying, sat among his warriors and powwowed with the army officers. Suddenly the sound of a shot pierced the early morning gloom. Within seconds the charged atmosphere erupted as Indian braves scurried to retrieve their discarded rifles and troopers fired volley after volley into the Sioux camp. From the heights above, the army's Hotchkiss guns raked the Indian teepees with grapeshot. Clouds of gun smoke filled the air as men, women and children scrambled for their lives. Many ran for a ravine (narrow valley) next to the camp only to be cut down in a withering cross fire. When the smoke cleared and the shooting stopped, approximately 300 Sioux were dead, Big Foot among them. Twenty-five soldiers lost their lives. As the remaining troopers began the grim task of removing the dead, a blizzard swept in from the North. A few days later they returned to complete the job. Scattered fighting continued, but the massacre at Wounded Knee effectively squelched the Ghost Dance movement and ended the Indian Wars.

JOURNAL ENTRY December 29, 1890 Dear Journal, ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________ Ms. Dagro

Date: ___________________ US History

Railroads vs. Farmers

AIM: How did the conflict between the railroads and the farmers result in a change in economic policy and government intervention? Do Now: How were the Plains Indians affected by the white settlers? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Consider this… You have moved out west to farm. You have been growing your crop, except that when you try and send it back east, those railroad companies are charging you extremely high rates. How do you react to this?

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Today we will be learning about the conflicts that arose between the farmers and the railroad companies.

Homework: Advances in the Great Plains

Before: laissez faire

Railroads V. Farmers Development in Great Plains - Agriculture Transcontinental Railroad (1869) Effects:

Abuses Against Farmers by Railroads

Supreme Court Case Munn v. Illinois (1876)

Effects on Crop Development -Settlement of Frontier

-Settlement of Frontier

-Railroads -Agricultural Production -New Machines -Steel Industry

-Employment The National

Interstate Commerce Commission (1877)

Granger

-Immigration to US

Increase or decrease?

Reaction by Increase or decrease?

Railroads

After: ___________________ *Time Zones are created!

Summary Questions:

How did the farmers deal with the problems that were presented to them by the railroad companies?

How did the conflict between the railroads and the farmers result in a change in economic policy and government intervention?

Name: ___________________________________ Ms. Dagro

Date: ______________ US History

Munn v. Illinois

The state of Illinois regulated grain warehouse storage rates by establishing maximum rates for their use. Munn, a partner in a Chicago warehouse firm, had been found guilty by an Illinois court of violating these state laws. He appealed, arguing that the fixing of maximum rates constituted a taking of property without due process of law. The Munn v. Illinois case was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1876. The Supreme Court upheld the Granger laws (the state laws). This established a constitutional principle that the government could regulate private businesses when it involved serving the public interest. Chief Justice Waite stated the following:

“The question to be determined in this case is whether the general assembly of Illinois can, under the limitations upon the legislative power of the States imposed by the Constitution of the United States, fix by law the maximum of charges for the storage of grain in warehouses at Chicago and other places in the State having not less than one hundred thousand inhabitants When one becomes a member of society, he necessarily parts with some rights or privileges which, as an individual not affected by his relations to others, he might retain. "A body politic," as aptly defined in the preamble of the Constitution of Massachusetts, is a social compact by which the whole people covenants with each citizen, and each citizen with the whole people, that all shall be governed by certain laws for the common good.”

Background Information:

Issue(use evidence from primary source and summarize) :

Supreme Court Decision (use evidence from primary source and summarize):

Name: __________________________ Ms. Dagro

Date: ___________________ US History

Advances in the Great Plains Directions: Read the following passage and then answer the questions that follow. Reaper Cyrus McCormick of Virginia was responsible for liberating (freeing) farm workers from hours of back-breaking labor by introducing the farmers to his newly invented mechanical reaper in July, 1831. By 1847, Cyrus McCormick began the mass manufacture of his reaper in a Chicago factory. The first reapers cut the standing grain and, with a revolving (rotating) reel (cylinder), swept it onto a platform from which it was raked off into piles by a man walking alongside. It could harvest more grain than five men using the earlier cradles. The next innovation, patented in 1858, was a self-raking reaper with an endless canvas belt that delivered the cut grain to two men who riding on the end of the platform, bundled it. In 1872, he produced a reaper which automatically bound the bundles with wire. In 1880, he came out with a binder which, using a magical knotting device (invented by John F. Appleby, a Wisconsin pastor), bound the handles with twine. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blmccormick.htm Thresher This is a farm machine for separating wheat, peas, soybeans, and other small grain and seed crops from their chaff and straw. Primitive (original; prior) threshing methods involved beating by hand or trampling by animal hooves. An early threshing machine, patented in 1837 by Hiram A. and John A. Pitts, was operated by horsepower. Large stationary threshers powered by steam engines or tractors, common in the early part of the 20th century, were part of harvesting systems in which the grain was cut either by binders or by headers. In most farm regions, threshers, binders (cut grain and placed into bundles), and headers (cut the head of the grain from the stalk) were all superseded (out-dated) by combines during the 20th century. Combine Early combines, some of them quite large, were drawn by horse or mule teams and used a bull wheel to provide power. In 1902, a combine could harvest enough grain in one hour to make 10 loaves of bread. Tractor-drawn, powered combines were used for a time. These combines used a shaker to separate the grain from the chaff and straw-walkers (grates with small teeth on an eccentric shaft) to eject the straw while retaining the grain; combined the two. Tractor drawn combines evolved to have separate gas or diesel engines to power the grain separation. Newer kinds of combines are self-propelled and use diesel engines for power. A significant advance in the design of combines was the rotary (rotating) design. Straw and grain were separated by use of a powerful fan. "Axial-Flow" rotary combines were introduced by International Harvester "IH" in 1977. In about the 1980's on-board electronics were introduced to measure threshing efficiency. This new instrumentation allowed operators to get better grain yields by optimizing ground speed and other operating parameters. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/594005/thresher

Questions 1. How did the reaper help farmers adapt to the Great Plains?

2. How did the thresher help farmers adapt to the conditions of farming small grain?

3. How did this cut down on time in the field?

4. How did the combine get its name?

5. How did the combine help farmers adapt to the growing demand of their products?

Name: _________________________________ Ms. Dagro

Date: _______ US History

Heading West – The Great Plains AIM: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Do Now: 1. What was Manifest Destiny?

2. Where did people begin moving because of it?

3. Why did people decide to go?

Mining

Farming

Cattle Industry

Homestead Act of 1862: Offered…_____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ to anyone who met the following requirements: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ *This act encouraged settlers to move west, but they did not realize the hardships that would follow. This is what we will be exploring in the next activity.*

Directions: You will now be taking part in a simulation within your assigned group. You have been assigned a station to explore. Each station will depict a certain area of the Great Plains. 1. At your station, you have a sign explaining the conditions of the area and a map showing you where you are. Use this information to fill in sections 1 and 2 on your chart. 2. At your station, you have materials that simulate the conditions in that area. You also have tools that can be used to help you overcome those conditions. Using the materials and the tools, figure out how those who moved west solved these problems. When you have figured it out, complete the rest of your chart. 3. Be prepared to share your information and ideas with the rest of the class. 4. Oh, and good luck. Your survival depends on it! 

Industry that settled the area

Location on Map (Where is this found on the map? - Description) (1)

Conditions and Problems that need to be solved

How did you solve these problems?

(What are the conditions in this area and what problems do you need to solve in order to survive?)

Describe in detail.

(2)

Farming

Conditions:

Problems to solve:

Mining

Conditions:

Problems to solve:

Cattle Industry

Conditions:

Problems to solve:

(3)

Name: _______________________________________ Ms. Dagro

Date: ________ US History

Experiencing the Great Plains Directions: Today you stepped into the shoes of someone who moved out west. Now you must write a letter home to your family back east telling them about your experience. In your letter make sure that you explain what you encountered when you moved out west including your failures and your successes. Also include how this move has affected you. Use the space below. Dear _______________________, _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

From, _______________________

Name: __________________________________ Ms. Dagro

Date: _____________ US History

Great Plains Simulation – Extended Activity Directions: Use the space below to create a picture to send back east with your letter. Your picture should include the following elements: A depiction of the land and its conditions The tools that were available to you How you used those tools to solve the problems you encountered due to the land

Name____________________ Ms. Dagro

Date____________________ US History

Major Leaders of the Industrial Era AIM: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Do Now: How did railroads abuse farmers? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Scenario: You are 25 years old. You have been approached by your friend to go into business with him. He has informed you that he has a great idea for a business that will make you both millions. He goes into detail about how the business will be run, but the tactics seem unethical. They could potentially be hurtful to those around you (other business owners and your workers). What do you do?

Choice 1 – Take your friend up on his offer and worry about the consequences of your business practices later. After all, you could be living in this mansion if you do.

Choice 2 – Turn your friend down because it is unethical and live a modest life in a modest home. Choose one of the above choices. Make sure you can back up your reasoning.

Industrialists rose to the top of their industry because of their hard-work and competitive nature. Today we will be looking at these industrialists and deciding whether these industrialists were “Captains of Industry” or “Robber Barons”. What do you think a “captain of industry” is?

What do you think a “robber baron” is?

Name____________________ Ms. Dagro

Date_________ US History

Major Leaders of the Industrial Era – Web Quest Directions: Use the links on the class website to complete this page. Be prepared to discuss your responses. Andrew Carnegie

John D. Rockefeller

John Pierpont (J.P.) Morgan

What industry was he involved in?

How did he compete with other companies?

How did he treat his workers?

What did he do with his money?

Business Beliefs Laissez faire ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Social Darwinism ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

“Captains of Industry” or “Robber Barons?” Captain of Industry Andrew Carnegie

John D. Rockefeller

J.P. Morgan

Robber Barron

Name: __________________________________

Date: ________

-Did these particular industrialists treat their workers fairly? Other businesses? Were these men captains of industry or robber barons? Explain.

-Are there any modern day robber barons or captains of industry? Who are they? Why have you categorized them as such?

Name: __________________________________

Date: ________

-Did these particular industrialists treat their workers fairly? Other businesses? Were these men captains of industry or robber barons? Explain.

-Are there any modern day robber barons or captains of industry? Who are they? Why have you categorized them as such?

Name: __________________________________ Ms. Dagro

Date: ________ US History

Gospel of Wealth Directions: Use the primary source below, “Gospel of Wealth,” by Andrew Carnegie, to complete the questions that follow.

Modern History Sourcebook: Andrew Carnegie: The Gospel of Wealth, 1889

Andrew Carnegie (18351919) was an extremely successful business man - his wealth was based on the provision of iron and steel to the railways, but also a man who recalled his radical roots in Scotland before his immigration to the United States. He lived up to his word in “The Gospel of Wealth,” and gave away his fortune to socially beneficial projects, most famously by funding libraries. His approval of death taxes might surprise modern billionaires! “The problem of our age is the administration of wealth, so that the ties of brotherhood may still bind together the rich and poor in harmonious relationship. The conditions of human life have not only been changed, but revolutionized, within the past few hundred years. In former days there was little difference between the dwelling, dress, food, and environment of the chief and those of his retainers (servants). . . . The contrast between the palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer with us today measures the change which has come with civilization. There are but three modes in which surplus wealth can be disposed of. It can be left to the families of the decedents (person that has passed on); or it can be bequeathed (passed on) for public purposes; or, finally, it can be administered during their lives by its possessors. There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunes (the third one) … Under its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellow citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts.”

Questions:

a. What were the three options (modes) Carnegie stated for the distribution of fortunes gained by industrialists?

b. What mode did Carnegie say should be completed?

c. Why do you think Carnegie chose this mode of distribution?

d. Based on what you discovered today, did Carnegie follow his “Gospel of Wealth?”

e. Was Andrew Carnegie a robber baton or captain of industry? Why?

Name: _________________________________ Ms. Dagro

Date: ____________ US History

Big Business AIM: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Do Now: What is a monopoly? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Up in the front of the room is the board game ____________________. What is the objective of this game? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

Free Enterprise: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Trusts: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Monopoly: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Horizontal Consolidation

Purchased by Rockefeller

(Independent Oil Refineries) Horizontal Consolidation:________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Vertical Consolidation Iron Ore Deposits

Vertical Consolidation:___________

Steel Mills All purchased by Carnegie Ships

Carnegie Steel Company

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

Railroads

_______________________ ______________

The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 Sec. 1. Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise; or conspiracy (plan), in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, is hereby declared to be illegal. Every person who shall make any such contract or engage in any such combination or conspiracy, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or by both said punishments, in the discretion (judgment) of the court. Sec. 2. Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or by both said punishments, in the discretion of the court. Questions: What does this act prohibit?

Why do you think this was done?

Do you think it was successful? Why or why not?

Why did the government rarely enforce the act?

______________________________________________________________________________ One Last Thought… How successful was the government in protecting the public from trusts and monopolies?

How fair are monopolies towards their workers? Towards other businesses? Towards the public?

Homework: “Industrialization Benefits and Costs”

SEE FOLDER FOR HOMEWORK

Name: _______________________________ Ms. Dagro

Date: ____________ US History

Labor Unions AIM: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Do Now: Answer the following questions: 1. What is a trust?

2. How did businesses create monopolies in their particular industry?

Directions: Watch the video and answer the questions that follow. 1. Why did labor unions form?

2. When did labor unions begin to form?

3. What were the problems that most labor unions ran into?

4. What are some labor unions discussed in the video?

Labor Union: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Labor Union Knights of Labor (1869) Terrance Powderly

American Federation of Labor (1886) Samuel Gompers

Industrial Workers of the World (1905)

Bill Haywood

Membership

Strategies

Goals

Problems

Weapons of Labor Unions What does this cartoon show? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ______

Labor Strikes – stop production

Boycotts – sway public to stop buying a product

Collective Bargaining – union as a whole negotiates with management

Management Scabs –

Directions: Read the following excerpts from Samuel Gompers and a factory manager. Underline five (5) key words in the passage that will help you summarize their argument and then write a few sentences doing just that.

Samuel Gompers

Thomas L. Livermore, manager of manufacturing company

“The laws written by [Congress] and now in

“I think that…in a free country like this…it

operation to protect the property of the

is perfectly safe for at least the lifetime of

capitalist and the moneyed class generally

this generation to leave the question of how

are almost innumerable, yet nothing has

man shall work, and how long he shall work,

been done to protect the property of the

and what wages he shall get to himself.”

workingman, the only property that they possess, their working power, their savings bank, their school, and trades union.”

Who do you think the government favored in the battle between labor and management? _____________ Why do you think the government favored this side?  ______________________________________________  ______________________________________________  ______________________________________________

Homework: The Struggle of Organized Labor & Index Cards

Name: ____________________________

Date: _______

EXIT TICKET -How did laborers react to the conflicts that arose between them and management?

-How successful were the labor unions in reaching their goals and bringing about change?

-Create an AIM for the lesson.

Name: ____________________________

Date: _______

EXIT TICKET -How did laborers react to the conflicts that arose between them and management?

-How successful were the labor unions in reaching their goals and bringing about change?

-Create an AIM for the lesson.

SEE FOLDER FOR PREVIOUS PAGE Studying labor and conflicts through primary sources… Directions: On the previous page you read about several events that took place regarding labor. Now you will study those events through primary resources. Analyze the following information and then consider what follows. Haymarket Riot 1886

Thure de Thulstrup The anarchist riot in Chicago: a dynamite bomb exploding among the police. Wood-engraving published in Harper's Weekly, May 15, 1886.

Describe what you see.

How does this depict the events of the Haymarket Riot?

Illustrated newspapers like Harper's Weekly brought the major events of the day to millions of readers throughout the United States and beyond. Because such newspapers catered mainly to the middle class and to the affluent, their coverage of the Haymarket Affair was heavily biased against the anarchists. Moreover, the illustrations of the Haymarket bombing and like events published in those journals were based on second-hand reports rather than on-the-spot coverage. Why do you think they labeled this riot an “anarchist” riot? Use evidence from the reading to support your response.

Single-page letterpress broadside, May 4, 1886.

"Revenge! Workingmen to Arms!!" Broadsides, or handbills, like the so-called "Revenge Circular" were the "street literature" of the Haymarket era. They could be typeset and printed by the thousands quickly and cheaply on a small press and scattered throughout a large city in a matter of hours. How is the Haymarket How have the workers Why should the workers Riot described here?

Homestead Strike 1892

been violated according to

stand up and fight

the letter?

according to the letter?

In the summer of 1892, Henry Frick and the steel workers at the Carnegie Homestead Works squared off in one of the most violent battles in American labor history. Convincing the governor to call out the state militia, Frick finally crushed the strike, but the bad blood would last for decades. "It was a place of torment," said another. "Men were lying around wounded and bleeding and piteously begging for someone to give them a drink of water, but no one dared to get a drop, although water was all around us.... It is a wonder we did not all go crazy or commit suicide." Horrified reporters watched as men, women, and children beat the surrendering Pinkertons brutally. "We were clubbed at every step," one Pinkerton recalled. "Sticks, stones, and dirt were thrown at us. The women pulled us down, spat in our faces, kicked us, and tore our clothing off while the crowd jeered and cheered." Held in the local jail for their safety, the Pinkertons rode the night train out of town. Frick stated, "I will fight this thing to the bitter end. I will never recognize the Union, never, never!" Why were the workers

How did the workers

How did Carnegie’s partner,

striking?

describe the event?

Frick, feel about the strike? How do you know this?

Name: _______________________________ Ms. Dagro

Date: ____________ US History

AIM: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Do Now: Answer questions #1 and #2. 1. What is a labor union?

2. What were the goals of the American Federation of Labor?

New York, New York o

What is Frank Sinatra singing about?

o

How does he describe the city?

o

Would you want to move there because of his song? Why?

Today we will be exploring…

Definition:

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Urbanization Problems of Cities - late 1800’s

Causes of Urbanization

Innovations of the City

Dividing the City ____NYC____

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

Cities developed in the middle and everything else grew outside of it.

When immigrants moved to American cities from their home countries, they did not know anyone. Since they did not know anyone, they began to move to neighborhoods with people who had the same ____________ as them.

Now that you have learned about the growth of cities and the problems that came with that growth, how do you think reformers looked to fix these problems?

Name: _________________________________

Date: ________

Exit Ticket -How do you think reformers looked to fix the problems of urbanization?

-How did people adapt to the new living conditions found in urban centers?

-How could we fix the problems in cities today based on what we explored this period?

Name: _________________________________

Exit Ticket -How do you think reformers looked to fix the problems of urbanization?

-How did people adapt to the new living conditions found in urban centers?

-How could we fix the problems in cities today based on what we explored this period?

Date: ________

See folder for homework

Name: _________________________________ Ms. Dagro

Date: ___________________ US History

Populism Through the eyes of the “Wizard of Oz” AIM: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Do Now: (Complete the first three blanks) During the Industrialist Era, who were the “guys on top?” Meaning, who were the people with all the money taking advantage of others? ____________________________

Who were the people at the bottom getting taken advantage of by the people on top? ___________________________ and _____________________

These people formed the Populist Party (The People’s Party) in response to the way they were being treated (always being taken advantage of). They had a platform that consisted of the following:

At this time there is the Gold Standard – “Free Silver”

___________________ ___________________ ________________

Now that we have a party and a platform, we need to have an election to vote one of our own in!

The Election of 1896 William McKinley

VS.

William Jennings Bryan

(Republican)

(Populist Party)

Protective tariff

Graduated income tax

And the winner is … ______________________________!

*The importance of the Populist Party even though they did not win the election was…  _______________________________________________________________________  _______________________________________________________________________

Homework: Unit Review

and Populism… The Wizard of Oz is a parable (designed to teach a lesson) on Populism in the 1890’s. Populism was a third party movement that sprang up in the 1890’s and drew support especially from disgruntled farmers. The objects and characters in the Wizard of Oz represent something from the Populist Era. Read on to see the connections between the two.

Dorothy’s Ruby Red

Slippers stand for the The Yellow Brick Road represents the _____________ Standard.

unlimited coinage of The Cowardly Lion represents William Jennings _________ – _______ was known for his oratory (speaking) skills when making speeches, but his actions were not as ___________ – the cowardly lion roared loudly but tightened with fear.

________ (in the book her slippers were silver). Farmers thought their product prices would ________ if the government coined more money –



The Scarecrow represents a Midwestern ____________ – the author showed that they were able to find their own solutions with a little help.



silver.

Dorothy represents Uncle Sam – the nation was unknowing and innocent – they did not realize they owned the _______________ of the silver shoes.

The Wizard of Oz represents William ______________ who won

The Winged Monkeys represent the Plains ________________ who were unable to find a home anywhere.

the 1896 presidential election - -he portrayed himself as a great man yet coerced the people into electing him, even though he was an ordinary man.

The Wicked Witches of the East and West represent the Banker Bosses and Railroad __________ - the common ___________ suffering at their hands

The Tin Man represents an eastern _____________ who was subject to cruelty – long _______and low _______ – and was unable to argue for himself.

See folder for homework