Advances in Health Science Research, volume 6 2nd Sari Mulia International Conference on Health and Sciences (SMICHS 2017)
The Relationship Of Family And Teacher Support By Self Retardation In Children Mental School Of Plambuan Dwi Sogi Sri R1* 1 Sari Mulia School of Health Science, Banjarmasin *
[email protected] Hendy Agus R1 1 Sari Mulia School of Health Science, Banjarmasin
[email protected] Anggrita Sari2 2 Midwifery academy Sari Mulia School, Banjarmasin
[email protected] Rizqy Amelia2 2 Midwifery academy Sari Mulia School, Banjarmasin
[email protected] Istifadah1 1 Sari Mulia School of Health Science, Banjarmasin
[email protected] ABSTRACT Objective: Based on the result of discussions with 5 families of children with mental retardation in December 2016 that the family experience to train the independence of children with mental retardation is different. Family teaches his son to be able to do shower activities, oral hygiene, dressed neatly, and doing toilet training, defecate, urinate, well and correctly, however the cleanliness of the bath, oral hygiene, and toileting in children is still lacking, total of 8 families with mentally retardation children said that for girls who have menstruation are usually still assisted by their mother or grandmother, but girls toileting is quicker to understand and tends to be more independent. Method: The type of research used correlation with cross-sectional approach. The population o the whole family who had mentally retarded children as many as 124 pupils in elementary school retarded pelambuan and teachers as many as 8 people in elementary school. The sample in this study using the method of sampling amounted to 55 people. Data were collected using questionnaire analyzed by spearman rank correlation test (α=0,05). Results: The result showed that the parents in retarded elementary school Banjarmasin with the classification did not support amounted to 31 people (56,4%), teachers in retarded elementary school Banjarmasin which supports the independence of students, nonindependent children amounted to 30 people (54,5%). Conclusion: There is a relationship of teacher support with independence in children retardation elementary school Pelambuan Banjarmasin. Keywords: Family support, teacher support, independence, child retardation
Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
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I.
Banjarmasin has received children who have
INTRODUCTION
Independence
with
mental retardation from 1982 to 2016 as
necessary.
many as 1.227 children and since 2004.
Independence is good in terms of child’s
began to be established a retarded junior
daily activity, personal hygiene or daily life
high school.
mental
in
retardation
children is
issues. Children with mental retardation
In 2016, the number of retarded
have different limitations depending on the
elementary
deficiencies they have [1]
Banjarmasin as many as 153 people with the
Persons
with
moderate
school
students
Pelambuan
mental
division of students up at Retarded school as
retardation who have not been able to
many as 24 people and retarded elementary
perform daily activities or self-reliance in
school as many as 129 people. The age
self-care not merely because of useful but
range of students of mental retardation starts
because the environment is less supportive,
from the age of 6 to 25 years.
it takes a guidance, both from the family or
The
classification
of
mental
community, which is expected to have
retardation in elementary school Pelambuan
mental retardation have ability in self-care,
was 61 children had mild mental retardation,
if the ability is really mastered it will
52 children had mild mental retardation.and
provide confidence in people with mental
16 children had severe mental retardation.
retardation is being. The role of the family
While at retarded junior high school, 18
to improve self-care abilities in children
children had mild mental retardation, 5 were
mental retardation can be by facilitating,
mentally retarded and one had severe mental
providing motivation or support [2]. Said
retardation.
family support is the attitude, action, and
Based on the results of discussions
acceptance of the family of the sick.
with 5 families of children with mental
Families have several support functions
retardation on December 6, 2016, that the
including emotional support, self-esteem,
family experience to train the independence
instrumental,
of children with mental retardation is
informational
and
social
groups [3].
different. The family teaches their children
Preliminary study results conducted
to perform shower activities, oral hygiene
on 02 to 06 December 2016 note that
(brushing teeth), dressed up neatly, and
Retarded elementary school Pelambuan
doing toilet training; Defecate and Urinate
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properly and correctly. [4] However, the
independence in children mental retardation
cleanliness of bathing, oral hygiene, and
in school Pelambuan Banjarmasin.
toileting in children is still lacking. As many as 8 families who have children mentally
II. METHOD This research uses the descriptive-
retarded women say that for girls who
analytic
experience menstruation are usually still
approach. The population of the case is the
assisted by their mother or grandmother, but
whole family who has children mental
toileting
quickly
retardation as many as 124 people in
understand and tend to be more independent
retarded school Pelambuan and teachers as
[5]. The results of the discussion provide full
many as 8 people in retarded elementary
child support, this can be seen from the
school Pelambuan Banjarmasin. The sample
achievements that have been children and
in this study using the method of sampling is
schools achieve such as the 2nd champion
as many as 55 families who have children
Scratch Animation, champion II Scratch
mental retardation and teacher samples in
Game, retarded school No. 1. I Level of
this pedestrian of 8 teachers at retarded
Provinces, General Champion of National
elementary school Pelambuan Banjarmasin.
Creativity, 2nd Winner of Siona Province of
Data collection using questionnaire analyzed
South Kalimantan Region and many other
by Spearman rank correlation test (α = 0,05).
awards, while some families admitted to not
III. RESULTS
supporting their children with achievement
a. Family support for children with mental
due to family worries, less cost, less
retardation in retarded school Pelambuan
information and families who resigned and
Banjarmasin can be seen in the table
girls'
affairs
more
ignored , while some teachers say tired to guide students with mental retardation
method
with
cross-sectional
Table 1 Frequency distribution of family support in child mental retardation at Retardation School Pelambuan Banjarmasin Family support f %
because they have to try various ways so
Support
31
56,4
that
Not support
24
43,6
Total
55
100
their
students
will
follow
the
competence while some teachers say less interested in terms of supporting student
The results showed that the parents in
independence [6]. This study aims for the relationship of
family
and
teacher
support
with
retarded school Pelambuan Banjarmasin with the classification did not support
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Advances in Health Science Research, volume 6
amounted to 31 people (56.4%) and the
The results showed that there were 30
parents with the classification of support
independent
amounted to 24 people (43.6%).
independent children (25.5%).
b. Support teacher in retarded school
2. Bivariate analysis
pelambuan Banjarmasin
in
(54.5%)
and
Relationship of Family Support with
Support of teachers in children mental retardation
students
school
Pelambuan
Banjarmasin can be seen in table 2:
Independence in Child Mental Retardation in school Pelambuan Banjarmasin The results of research conducted on
Table 2. Distribution Frequency of Teacher support to
the relationship of family support with
children mental retardation at school Pelambuan
independence in children mental retardation
Banjarmasin
Support teacher Not support Support Total
f 2 6 8
% 25% 75% 100
The results showed that teachers in retarded school Pelambuan Banjarmasin with classification support amounted to 6 people (75%) and teachers with no support classification amounted to 2 people (25%). The results showed that teachers in retarded
in School Pelambuan Banjarmasin can be seen in table 4 Table 4 Relationship of Family Support with Independence in Child Mental Retardation in School Pelambuan Banjarmasin Independent Total Not Family support Independent independent F % f % f Not support 26 83,9 5 16,1 31 Support 4 16,7 20 83,3 24 Total 30 54,5 25 45,5 55
% 100 100 100
p=0,000 ( 0,5-0,75 which mean relation of
abnormalities and limitations compared with
family support with independence in a child
normal children in general. Parents and
of mental retardation at school Pelambuan
families
Banjarmasin enters in strong category.
independence of their children due to fear or
Relationship of Teacher Support with Independence
not
support
the
worry about something that can endanger their children. Parents who have more
Pelambuan
mental retardation children hide the child's
Banjarmasin The results of the research by
identity and engage children to play and
means of question and answer to show that
socialize with the environment and peers.
the support of teachers is very related to the
Parents feel embarrassed and keep their
independence of children. This is because
child's feelings in order not to be humiliated
teachers provide education or science of
by others that can result in their child's
children in school so that children know the
mental getting disturbed and depressed.
good and things that are not good to do.
Based on the results of the questionnaire is
in
Children
do
Mental
Retardation
in
who
school
known that parents forbid children to continue to socialize but often invite
IV. DISCUSSION Based on the results of research that has been done
Pelambuan
Family social support is the attitude,
Banjarmasin about the relationship of family
action, and acceptance of the family of the
and teacher support with independence in
sick. The family has several support
children
functions including informational support,
mental
in school
children to walk or picnic.
retardation
Pelambuan Banjarmasin.
in
School
awareness, emotional and instrumental.
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Family social support is a beneficial
independent in doing anything. Based on the
condition for an individual acquired from
results of the questionnaire it is known that
others who can be trusted so that one will
the teacher always helps the students
know that there are others who care about,
problem and always gives the students the
appreciate and love.
spirit to keep school.
The fact that the result of this research
The family's social support and the
is found that there are 31 people (56,4%) of
teacher in the child's mental retardation
parents in
Pelambuan
greatly influences the attitudes and behavior
Banjarmasin with classification not support
of the child, especially in the mentally
and parent with classification support 24
retarded child who needs special attention
people (43,6%) while 4 people (7,3%)
from the surroundings as well as one of the
teachers in retarded school Pelambuan
most important factors for the growth as
Banjarmasin that support and not support.
well as the development of the child's
This may be influenced by factors that affect
mental retardation. With the support of the
the social support of the family such as
family and used as a daily so that the child
education. According to [5] there are several
can do something to realize a goal that after
factors that influence the parental social
being supported by the family.
retarded
school
support of parenthood, father's involvement,
The results showed that there were 30
parental education, previous experience in
independent
parenting and parental stress.
independent children (25,5%). Based on the
The results showed that teachers in SLB
Pelambuan
(54,5%)
and
results of research by Widyartanty (2009)
with
with the title "the relationship of family
classification support amounted to 6 people
motivation on the ability of self-care in
(75%)
and teachers with no support
children tunagrahita in retarded school Putra
classification amounted to 2 people (25%).
Jaya Malang" obtained the result that the
Teachers at retarded school Pelambuan
majority of children tunagrahita at school
Banjarmasin
age able to do self-care.
that
Banjarmasin
students
support
student
independence. This can be seen in the way
In
children
with
mild
mental
of teachers who always appreciate the
retardation they have IQ 52-69 which means
actions of the students as well as give
they are still able to educate means other
students the motivation and support to be
than can be taught to read and write even to
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Advances in Health Science Research, volume 6
grade 4-6 SD, can also be trained in certain
personally to maintain a healthy life and
skills as the provision of his life later and
well-being. Self-care is strongly influenced
able to be independent as a normal adult.
by family experience in problem-solving,
The category of mental retardation is having
family
IQ 36-51 which means they are still able to
growth, and parenting.
be trained to have self-care abilities,
Persons
education,
culture,
with
knowledge,
moderate
mental
whereas in severe and very severe mental
retardation who have not been able to
retardation children have difficulty in taking
perform daily activities or self-reliance in
care of themselves because of a striking
self-care not merely because of keunaanya
motor disorder or other deficits that
but
accompany it and have intelligence that
supportive, it takes a guidance, both from
limited so difficult for the child to be taught
the family or community, which is expected
how to care for himself.
to have mental retardation have ability in
because
the
environment
is
less
The results showed that children who
self-care, if the ability is really mastered it
are not independent 30 people (54,5%) and
will provide confidence in people with
children are independent 25 people (45,5%).
mental retardation is being. The role of the
Most children are not independent of parents
family to improve self-care abilities in
and families who are highly overprotective
children mental retardation can be by
of all child actions and behaviors. Parents
facilitating, providing motivation or support.
are always watching and often children to do
The result of research from 55
things
themselves
without
being
parents in
retarded
school
Pelambuan
accompanied. In addition to the high sense
Banjarmasin known that parents do not
of worry, parents consider this reasonable
support
because it assumes the child who has
independent
different thoughts and it merpakan form of
(83,9%). The result of analysis with
affection from parents to their children.
Spearman rank correlation test obtained that
With a long-edited questionnaire /shoe to be
p = 0,000 (
