The subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera ...

Entomotaxonomia (2012) 34(1): 22–29

ISSN 1000-7482

The subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Iran, with the first report of genus Selenothrips Karny MIRAB-BALOU Majid, CHEN Xuexin① State key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China Abstract: The subfamily Panchaetothripinae Bagnall is one of the 4 subfamilies in the family Thripidae. This subfamily includes 6 species in 5 genera in Iran. In this paper, the monobasic genus Selenothrips Karny is recorded in Iran for the first time. A key is provided for identifying these 6 genera with comments on each genus and its species. The geographical distribution is provided for 7 species occurring in Iran. Key words: Thripidae; Panchaetothripinae; Selenothrips; geographical distribution; Iran Document code: A CLC number: Q969.34+1.4 Article ID: 1000-7482(2012)01-0022-08

伊朗针蓟马亚科及其一新纪录属——滑胸针蓟马属（缨翅目）马吉德，陈学新① 浙江大学昆虫科学研究所，水稻生物学国家重点实验室，农业部农业昆虫学重点实验室，浙江杭州 310029

摘要：针蓟马亚科是蓟马科中已经报道的 4 个亚科之一，该亚科在伊朗已知 5 属 6 种。本文首次报道了伊朗发现的单种属——滑胸针蓟马属 Selenothrips Karny 及其模式种——红带滑胸针蓟马 Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard)，并编制了针蓟马亚科 6 个属的检索表，对每个属进行了描述，并对 7 个种在伊朗的地理分布进行了报道。关键词：蓟马科；针蓟马亚科；滑胸针蓟马属；地理分布；伊朗

Introduction Subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia) is one of the 4 subfamilies recognized in the family Thripidae (Bhatti 1979). This subfamily includes 138 species in 38 genera (Mound 2011), of which 6 species in5 genera have been recorded from Iran (Bhatti et al. 2009). The members of Panchaetothripinae are all leaf-feeding (Wilson 1975). However, several of these species are more commonly found on mature leaves of shrubby plants rather than on young leaves, and where their feeding damage is accompanied by soiling due to sooty moulds that grow on the honeydew secreted by some homopteran insects (Trdan et al. 2005). Despite this, some species such as members of Caliothrips can be pests on crop seedlings, whereas others are usually found only on grasses (Kudo 1992; Mound & Marullo 1996). Received date: 12 Aug. 2011 ①Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]

Mirab-balou et al. The subfamily Panchaetothripinae in Iran 23

The panchaetothripine thrips are distinguished from the Thripinae by the following character states: body surface, particularly the legs, with strong reticulate sculpture; first vein of forewing more or less fused to costa; anterior fringe setae occasionally absent; antennal segments III and IV vasiform or globular, style usually slender and needle-like; maxillary palps 2–segmented; meso- and metathoracic furca transverse and lacking a median spinula; abdomen usually without pleural plates, occasionally a pair of plates present on each segment (Wilson 1975; Kudo 1992; Mound & Marullo 1996). In this paper, the monobasic genus Selenothrips Karny is recorded in Iran for the first time. A key is provided to distinguish 6 genera of Iranian Panchaetothripinae, with comments on each genus and its species.

Materials and methods The specimens were collected from different sites in Iran, and prepared and mounted on slides following Mirab-balou and Chen (2010). All descriptions, measurements and photos were made with a Leica DM IRB microscope, with a Leica Image 1000 system. The specimens are deposited in the Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (ZJUH). Nomenclatural information for all thrip taxa mentioned here are currently web-available (Mound, 2011). Key to genera of Panchaetothripinae Bagnall in Iran 1. Antennae 7–segmented. Forewings very broad, with polygonal network, with darker band and patches, base and apex pale······················································································································ Parthenothrips Uzel -. Antennae 8–segmented. Forewings without polygonal network········································································· 2 2. Antennal segments III and IV with simple sense cones······················································································· 3 -. Antennal segments III and IV with forked sense cones······················································································· 4 3. Forewings medium-sized, usually with a fringe of cilia on the anterior margin. Head without prominent dorsal ridge; head with regular polygonal reticulation. Mesonotum with an incomplete median division ···· ············································································································································· Heliothrips Haliday -. Forewings without a fringe of cilia on the anterior margin; head with prominent dorsal ridge. Head with irregular reticulation. Mesonotum with a complete median division ·····················Rhipiphorothrips Morgan 4. Forewings broad with wart-like swellings··············································································· Retithrips Marchal -. Forewings without swellings, with wavy cilia on the posterior margin, and with some long setae on veins··· 5 5. Head constricted posteriorly. Pronotum with transverse striate sculpture. Abdominal tergite X undivided······· ············································································································································Selenothrips Bagnall -. Head not constricted posteriorly. Pronotal sculptured reticules with internal markings. Abdominal tergite X partially divided ··················································································································· Caliothrips Daniel

I. Genus Selenothrips Karny, 1911, new record to Iran Selenothrips Karny, 1911: 179.

Selenothrips Karny includes only 1 species in the world, namely, S. rubrocinctus (Mound, 2011), which is recorded here for the first time for fauna of Iran. Generic diagnosis. Head transversely oblong (Fig. 2); ocelli large, preocellar setae small, interocellar setae in front of posterior ocelli (Fig. 2). Antennae 8–segmented (Fig. 1); segments III and IV vasiform, each with forked sense cone; microtrichia absent. Maxillary palps 2–segmented. Pronotum with developed setae (Fig. 2). Tarsi 1–segmented (Fig. 3). Forewings

24 Entomotaxonomia (2012) 34(1): 22–29

with costal setae developed; posterior fringe cilia wavy; surface of wing covered with transverse rows of microtrichia (Fig. 9). Abdominal tergites with polygonal reticulates on lateral thirds; median pair of setae well-developed (Fig. 7); posterior half of intermediate tergites with microtrichia particularly on tergite VIII (Fig. 6); posterior margin of tergite VIII with complete comb of long teeth (Fig. 6). 1. Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) (Figs. 1–9), new record to Iran Physapus rubrocinctus Giard, 1901: 264. Heliothrips rubrocinctus (Giard): Franklin, 1908: 719. Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard): Hood, 1913: 150; Takahashi, 1936: 429; Moulton, 1936: 263; Capco, 1957: 55; Ananthakrishnan, 1964: 115; Baltazar, 1968: 213; Mound, 1970: 89; Wilson 1975: 230–234; Kudo 1992: 122–124; Reyes 1994: 169–171; Kudo, 1995: 99.

Materials examined: 2♀, Iran: Kordestan Province, Marivan, N 35○ 52', E 46○ 17' (alt. 1 286 m), coll. M. Mirab-balou, 13–Ⅶ–2008, deposited in ZJUH.

Figures 1–4. Selenothrips rubrocinctus. 1. Antennae; 2. Head and pronotum; 3. Fore tarsus; 4. Abdominal sternites II-III. (Scale bars = 30μm).

Diagnosis. Macropterous. Body brownish black; antennal segments I, II, apical half of V and VI brown; median third of III and IV light brown; reminder of III, IV and V light yellow; VII and VIII pale yellow (Fig. 1); femora brown; fore and mid-tibiae with pale apices; hind-tibiae pale on apical third; tarsi whitish; forewings uniformly dark with black setae (Fig. 9). Head and abdomen generally reticulate (Fig. 2); thorax striate. Head with large ocelli, ocellar setae on anterior margins of triangle; postocular setae well-developed (Fig. 2).


Antennae 8–segmented; antennal segments III and IV constricted into neck at base and apex, and with long forked sense cones (Fig. 1). Pronotum small, rectangular, with transverse lines of sculpture, no prominent posterangular setae, but one pair of long anteromarginal setae (Fig. 2). Metathoracic furca elongate and forked (Fig. 8). Mesonotum with transverse reticulation; metanotum with median triangle enclosing transverse reticulation, with one pair of setae on anterior half (Fig. 5). Tarsi 1–segmented (Fig. 3). Forewing with small pale subbasal area; surface with transverse rows of microtrichia; costal setae dark, longer than anterior cilia; posterior cilia wavy; clavus brown (Fig. 9). Abdominal tergites II–VIII hexagonally reticulate except median third smooth (Fig. 7); IV–VIII with median setae longer than distance between their bases; VIII with complete comb of long microtrichia; tergite X without longitudinal division; S1 setae on tergite IX longer than X, stout, dark, pointed at apex (Fig. 6). Abdominal sternites with 3 pairs of long marginal setae (Fig. 4). Ovipositor well-developed.

Figures 5–9. Selenothrips rubrocinctus. 5. Meso- and metanotum; 6. Abdominal tergites VIII-X; 7. Tergites I-III; 8. Metaphoracic endofurca; 9. Forewing. (Scale bars = 30μm).

Measurements of female in μm (width). Body 1620 (420). Head 235 (136), distance between 2 compound eyes 130. Antenna 310; I 27 (32), II 48 (37), III 65 (33), IV 73 (32), V 45 (28), VI 34 (25), VII 20 (16) and VIII 27 (11). Pronotum 250 (96); forewing 880 (70); hind wing 730 (45). Host. This polyphagous thrips is commonly known as the red-banded cocoa thrip (Kudo, 1992). See Reyes (1994) for a list of its host plants. In this study we have collected this species from forests.


Distribution. Iran: Kordestan Province (Fig. 10); China (including Taiwan), Indonesia, Bangladesh, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Japan, India, Malaya, Philippines, Spain, Burma, Guam, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, West Africa, Angola, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Kenya, Uganda, Mauritius, Honduras, Brazil, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Panama, USA (Hawaii, Florida), Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, Surinam and Venezuela (Reyes 1994; Mirab-balou et al. 2011).

Figure 10. Distribution of Panchaetothripinae in Iran

II. Genus Caliothrips Daniel Caliothrips Daniel, 1904: 296.

This genus is widely distributed and currently includes 23 species in the world (Mound 2011). The members of this genus are identified by the following character states: presence of wrinkled or dot-shaped markings within their reticulate sculpture; head is not constricted into a neck-like region; antennae 8-segmented; forewings usually with dark and light bands, and the first vein with a wide interval in the setal row; metathoracic furca similar as in Selenothrips (Mound & Marullo 1996). In Iran, 2 species have been recorded from this genus (Bhatti et al. 2009) as follows: 2. Caliothrips graminicola (Bagnall & Cameron). This grass-living species, widely distributed in India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, South Africa and Australia (Kudo 1995), was recorded in Iran by Cheraghian (2000) and Bagheri et al. (2005) from Khuzestan and Kerman Provinces. 3. Caliothrips impurus (Priesner). This species is commonly known as dark cotton-leaf thrip. It was recorded from Kerman Province, Iran by Teraz & Kheyrandish Koshkoei (2002). It is also distributed in Africa and Tamil Nadu (zur Strassen, 2006).


III. Genus Heliothrips Haliday Heliothrips Haliday, 1836: 443.

Members of Heliothrips Haliday are polyphagous and common in the tropics and in greenhouses (Kudo 1995). In this genus, the head is strongly reticulate with a constricted neck, and the terminal antennal segment is long and slender; the forewing has a distinctive rounded apex, the veinal setae are very small, and the posteromarginal cilia are straight. This genus includes 5 species in the world (Mound 2011), of which H. haemorrhoidalis (Bouché) has been recorded from Iran (Etebari et al., 2000; Mirab-balou et al., 2009, 2010). H. haemorrhoidalis, commonly known as the greenhouse thrip, is a New World species occurring in subtropical and tropical areas and is now widespread in the world. It is a highly polyphagous species and its host range includes citrus, grape, many ornamental plants, etc. (Mirab-balou et al. 2009). Distribution. This species is widely distributed (Kudo 1995) and in Iran has been recorded from Mazandaran, Guilan and Hamedan provinces (Etebari et al. 2000; Mirab-balou et al. 2009, 2010, 2011). Kordestan Province is a newly reported distribution in Iran. IV. Genus Parthenothrips Uzel Parthenothrips Uzel, 1895: 170.

This genus is readily recognized by antennae 7-segmented, and the broad flattened wings with a strong reticulate pattern and bearing large feather-like setae (Mound & Marullo 1996). Parthenothrips includes 2 species in the world (Mound 2011), of which P. dracaenae (Heeger) (commonly known as palm thrips) has been recorded from Iran (Bhatti et al. 2009). The report of Parthenothrips sp. in Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi, Iran (Dordaie et al. 2000) has been considered representing P. dracaenae by Bhatti et al. (2003). Distribution. Iran: Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi province; Europe (zur Strassen, 2003; Trdan et al. 2005). V. Genus Retithrips Marchal Retithrips Marchal, 1910: 17.

This genus is distinguished from other Iranian Panchaetothripinae by the short broad body and stout antennae, and the large callosities on the forewings. 2 species are placed in this genus (Mound 2011), of which R. syriacus Mayet has been recorded from Iran (Cheraghian 2000; Cheraghian & Hojat 1998; Minaei & Alichi 2000; Kheyrandish Koshkoei et al. 2000; Teraz & Kheyrandish Koshkoei 2002; Bagheri et al. 2005). This species, commonly known as the black vine thrips, is principally a pest of grapevines in some parts of the world, and severely damages cotton in southern India and Tanzania where conditions are hot and dry (Hamon & Edwards 1994). Distribution. Iran: Khuzestan, Fars and Kerman Provinces; Brazil, Egypt, Ghana, India, Israel, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Uganda (Wilson 1975); Puerto Rico and USA (Hamon & Edwards 1994); Europe (zur Strassen 2003; Trdan et al. 2005). VI. Genus Rhipiphorothrips Morgan Rhipiphorothrips Morgan, 1913: 17.

This genus is recognized by the following character states: forewings lack cilia on the


anterior margin, head irregularly sculpture, and the mesonotum with a complete longitudinal division (Mound & Kibby, 1998). The genus Rhipiphorothrips includes 5 species (Mound 2011), of which R. cruentatus Hood (commonly known cashew leaf thrip) has been recorded from Iran (Cheraghian 2000). Distribution. Iran: Khuzestan Province (Cheraghian 2000); China, Afghanistan, Burma, West Bengal, Myanmar, Oman, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh (Mirab-balou et al. 2011).

Acknowledgements We are grateful to Prof. Jinian FENG of Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, for his supplying some materials from the Thrips & Coccid Systematic Research Laboratory; and Eng. Jalil Alavi of the Agricultural & Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan-e-Shomali Province, Bojnourd-Iran, for his supplying some Iranian references. The first author would like to thank Dr. Shujun WEI of Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, for his translation of the abstract text into Chinese. References Ananthakrishnan TN. 1964. Thysanopterologica Indica II. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 85(1–4): 99–235. Bagheri S, Alavi J & Behnamfar K. 2005. Collection and identification of 16 species to Thysanoptera, family Thripidae on some medicinal plants in Khuzestan Province and introduction of 1 new species for Iran. Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium of Medicinal Plants, 52. Baltazar CR. 1968. Supplementary host list and checklist of Philippine plant pests. Philipp. J. Sci., 97(2): 177–227. Bhatti JS. 1979. A review of Oriental Thripidae (Thysanoptera). Workshop on advances in insect taxonomy in India and the orient, Manali (H. P.), 81. Bhatti JS, Alavi J, zur Strassen R, Telmadarraiy Z. 2009. Thysanoptera in Iran 1938-2007. An Overview. Part 1. Thrips, 7: 1–82. Bhatti JS, zur Strassen R, Telmadarraiy Z. 2003. Thysanoptera of Iran. Pp. 668–669. In: Proceedings of the National Symposium on Frontier Areas of Entomological Research, 5–7 November 2003, New Delhi (Eds.: Subrahmanyam B. & Ramamurthy V. V.). Capco SR. 1957. A list of plant pests in the Philippines with special reference to field crops, fruit trees and vegetables. Philippine. Journal Agriculture, 22(1–4): 9–23. Cheraghian A, Hojat SH. 1998. A faunistic study of Thysanoptera in Ahwaz region. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, p. 211. Cheraghian A. 2000. First report of two genera and four species of Thysanoptera for the insect fauna of Iran. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, p. 359. Daniel SM. 1904. New California Thysanoptera. Entomological News, 15: 293–297. Dordaie AA, Sadaghian B, Nikdel M. 2000. Survey of the most important pests of poplar trees in East-Azarbaidjan. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5–8 Sept. p. 287. Etebari K, Jalali-Sendi J, Taksokhan MR. 2000. Thrips (Thysanoptera) fauna of mulberry field in Guilan Province. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, p. 364. Franklin H. 1908. On some new West Indian thrips. Proceedings of the U. S. Natnional Museum, 33(1510): 719–724. Giard A. 1901. Sur un thrips (Physopus rubrocincta nov. sp.) nuisible au cacaoyer. Bulletin Societe Entomologique France, 263–265.

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