The value of cephalopods to global marine fisheries - North Pacific ...

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Global Cephalopod Landings. FAO Landings Data. 0. 500. 1000. 1500. 2000. 2500. 3000. 3500. 4000. 4500. 5000. 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 ...
The value of cephalopods to global marine fisheries Mary Hunsicker Oregon State University Timothy Essington University of Washington Reg Watson Rashid Sumaila UBC – Sea Around Us Project

Hunsicker et al. Fish and Fisheries 2010

Impacts of harvesting forage species y Fishing through marine food webs y Ecological and economic importance of forage species y Potential trade-offs and conflicts from the simultaneous harvest of predators and prey populations

Marine Mammals Seabirds

Fishes

Crustaceans

Cephalopods Fishes

Global Cephalopod Landings

Global landings (X 1000t)

5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

FAO Landings Data

Global Cephalopod Landings

Global landings (X 1000t)

4500 2000

4000 3500

1500

3000 2500

1000

2000 1500

500

1000 500 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

N Pacific landings (x 1000t)

2500

5000

0

Year

FAO Landings Data

Trade-offs in cephalopod fisheries?

Valuation of cephalopods Landings (MT)

Commodity Supportive

Landed value ($)

Commodity Supportive

Commodity contribution Summed tonnage (MT) and monetary value ($USD) of all cephalopods landed in an ecosystem

Supportive contribution Portion of landings and landed value of other species that rely on cephalopods for their production

Striped Bass

Silver Hake

Dogfish

Goosefish

Weakfish

Bluefish

Tilefish Summer Flounder

Red Hake

Squid

Scup

Winter Flounder Mackerel

Forage Fishes

Benthic Invertebrates

Crustaceans

Clupeids

Objectives y What are the commodity and supportive contributions of cephalopods to fisheries landings and landed values?

y Change in contributions between historical (19601970) and contemporary (1990-2004) periods?

y Biophysical factors that dictate the magnitude of their contributions?

Large Marine Ecosystems 22 21

1

2

10 8

3

11

9 26

7

23

12

13

4

18

5 25 27 24

16

6 14

28

19

20

15

LME landings and market values estimated by Reg Watson and Rashid Sumaila

17

Point Estimates of Supportive Contribution (MT) Species list Tuna

Average Landings

Cephalopod in diet

6,000 MT

10 %

Supportive contribution 600 MT

Hake Squid Pollock Dogfish Mackerel

Total landings (MT)

Total supportive contribution (MT)

Point Estimates of Supportive Contribution ($) Species list Tuna

Cephalopod Average in diet Landed Value 10 % $ 2 million

Supportive contribution $ 200,000

Hake Squid Pollock Dogfish Mackerel

Total landings ($USD)

Total supportive contribution ($USD)

Data y Food habits data for each taxonomic group (% M or V) y Diet data for taxonomic groups in the specified ecosystem y Multiple estimates of the predators’ diet composition y Applied the same diet data for contemporary and historical periods

Results y What are the commodity and supportive contributions of cephalopods to fisheries landings and landed values?

y Change between historical (1960-1970) and contemporary (1990-2004) periods?

y Biophysical factors that dictate the magnitude of their contributions?

Contribution to Global Landings (%) North Sea Humboldt Current Benguela Current Gulf of Mexico East Bering Sea Scotian Shelf West Bering Sea Pacific Central-American Coast Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf Gulf of Alaska Canary Current Southeast Australian Shelf Celtic-Biscay Shelf South Brazil Shelf Agulhas Current Arabian Sea South Pacific North Atlantic Central Atlantic Eastern Tropical Pacific New Zealand Shelf California Current South Atlantic Sea of Japan Gulf of California Central North Pacific Patagonian Shelf

Commodity Supportive

0

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

Total contribution to landings (%)

Contribution to Global Landed Value (%) North Sea Humboldt Current Benguela Current Gulf of Mexico East Bering Sea Scotian Shelf West Bering Sea Pacific Central-American Coast Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf Gulf of Alaska Canary Current Southeast Australian Shelf Celtic-Biscay Shelf Arabian Sea South Brazil Shelf Agulhas Current South Pacific North Atlantic Central Atlantic Eastern Tropical Pacific New Zealand Shelf California Current South Atlantic Sea of Japan Gulf of California Central North Pacific Patagonian Shelf

Commodity Supportive

0

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

Total contribution to landed values (%)

North Pacific Ocean Landings Commodity Supportive

East Bering Sea West Bering Sea Gulf of Alaska

*Sea of Okhotsk *Oyashio Current California Current

*Kuroshio Currrent Sea of Japan Central North Pacific

*Not included in publication

0

5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

Total contribution to landings (%)

North Pacific Ocean Landed Value Commodity Supportive

East Bering Sea West Bering Sea Gulf of Alaska

*Sea of Okhotsk *Oyashio Current California Current

*Kuroshio Currrent Sea of Japan Central North Pacific

*Not included in publication

0

5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

Total contribution to landed values (%)

Objectives y What are the commodity and supportive contributions of cephalopods to fisheries landings and landed values?

y Change between historical (1960-1970) and contemporary (1990-2004) periods?

y Biophysical factors that dictate the magnitude of their contributions?

Historical vs. Contemporary Global Landings (MT)

North Pacific Ocean Landings (MT) Historical contribution

East Bering Sea

Commodity Supportive

West Bering Sea Gulf of Alaska Sea of Okhotsk Oyashio Current California Current Kuroshio Current Sea of Japan

NA

Central North Pacific 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Total contribution to landings (thousand mt) Contemporary contribution

East Bering Sea

Commodity Supportive

West Bering Sea Gulf of Alaska Sea of Okhotsk Oyashio Current California Current Kuroshio Current Sea of Japan Central North Pacific 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Total contribution to landings (thousand mt)

1000

North Pacific Ocean Landed Values ($) Historical contribution East Bering Sea

Commodity Supportive

West Bering Sea Gulf of Alaska Sea of Okhotsk Oyashio Current California Current Kuroshio Current Sea of Japan

NA

Central North Pacific 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

East Bering Sea

Contemporary contribution Total contribution to landed values (millionCommodity $USD)

West Bering Sea

Supportive

1000

Gulf of Alaska Sea of Okhotsk Oyashio Current California Current Kuroshio Current Sea of Japan Central North Pacific 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Total contribution to landed values (million $USD)

1000

Objectives y What are the commodity and supportive contributions of cephalopods to fisheries landings and landed values?

y Change between historical (1960-1970) and contemporary (1990-2004) periods?

y Biophysical factors that dictate the magnitude of their contributions? - Mean TL of ecosystem, Mean TL of catches, Primary production

Contemporary Historical

Direct contribution to landings

Indirect contribution to landings

Fishery mean TL is important driver Contemporary Historical

Summary y Total contribution: as much as 55% of landings and 70% of landed values

y Supportive: highest in open ocean systems Commodity: highest in coastal systems

y North Pacific ecosystems among the highest in terms contribution to MT and $USD

y In most ecosystems contributions have increased over time, exceptions are seen in the North Pacific systems

y Magnitude of contribution influenced by the nature of the fishery (i.e. mean TL)

Conservation Value

Impact as predator

Concluding Remarks y In general, current demands have no historical precedent y Ecosystems where cephalopods are highly exploited as target resource and ecological support service warrant further attention

y Considering the value of cephalopods, in addition to other forage, is important for ecosystem-based management