Toxic Effects of Methyl Parathion on Antioxidant. Enzymes and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in. Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita. P. Sivaperumali and T.V. Sankar* ...
I Fishery Technology
2011, Vol. 48(1) pp : 59 - 66
Toxic Effects of Methyl Parathion on Antioxidant Enzymes and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita P. Sivaperumal1 and T.V. Sankar*2 INntional 2Central Institute
Institute
of Occupational
Health, Ahmadabad - 380 016, India
of Fisheries Technology, P.O. Matsyapuri,
Cochin - 682 029, India
The lethal concentration (LCso) of methyl parathion and its effect on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme systems are elucidated in Labeo rohita of size 75 ± 6 g at 96 h exposure. The probit analysis showed that the lethal concentration (LCso) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were 15.5, 12.3, 11.4 and 10.2 mg 1-1 respectively. Besides lipid peroxides (LPO), the toxicity effect was followed from the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione peroxidase (CPx, EC 1.11.1.9), superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione S- transferase (CST, EC 2.5.1.18). The effect of methyl parathion on tissue glutathione content and the inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) activities were also studied. The LPO level and CST activity increased five folds and two folds respectively on exposure to methyl parathion at 10.2 mg 1-1. The SOD activity increased by seven fold compared to control. AChE activity was inhibited by 74% at a concentration of 1.8 mg 1-1and 90% at 5.4 mg 1-1signifying the effect of methyl parathion on the nervous system of fish. The study indicate that changes in antioxidant enzymes and decrease in the AChE activity can be used as biomarkers for monitoring toxicity due to methyl parathion exposure in aquatic organisms like fish. Key words:
Methyl parathion, Labeo rohita, LCso, oxidative stress, antioxidant acetylcholinesterase
Pesticides are substances, or mixtures used to control pests. Even though the use of pesticides has a very positive impact on food production, the associated risks include water contamination, livestock poisoning, death of beneficial insects, wildlife endangerment, pesticide tolerance and deterioration of human health (Gupta, 2004). Currently, the consumption of pesticide contaminated food is showing a slight declining trend, probably due to shift of farmers towards biopesticides, natural plant sources and other alternate methods (Das & Mukerjee, 2003). Aquaculture areas are not exclusive areas of contamination and usually get
enzymes,
exposed to influx from surrounding water bodies particularly during rainy seasons. The environmental toxic chemicals that are released in to the land eventually find their way to the rivers and sea as the final repository. Estuaries which are the links to the freshwater and marine systems, contain a variety of xenobiotics, having the potential to affect normal physiology of aquatic animals. Methyl parathion is an orgahophosphorus pesticide intended only for outdoor use and is classified under category I (viz., most toxic) in USEPA. Methyl parathion is rapidly metabolized to biologically active methyl paraxon, which can chemically bind to acetylcholine esterase leading to a variety of clinical manifestations.
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Cux±gr* L-* Okhrutj* 6,) Ckhruoy* B- gtj Iutzkrg* :- (1..4) T_ojgzo±k yzxkyygtj ktjuixotk ktjvuotzy ot ^ nozk y-iqkx -Aauptupnyt cpnnestpoi. lxus g xo±kx osvgizkj h` gmxoi-rz-xgr inksoigry* CoHispo1 PpJicpm1Ahen1 13*vv 0162b017. Drog*% :- i-* Ggrgxoto*V-*bgzoiino*P- 0-*Cuxx* :- L-gtj Pgtzorgiio* O- (1..2) :tzou_ob jgtz xkyvutyky gtj hougii-s-rgzout ot Fcuamysyt nemat -tjkx skxi-x` k_vuy-xk* CcpupJicpi1 CoHispo1 Oa, 44 (1)*vv 051b056 Drrsgt* G- O-(0848) boyy-k y-rln` jx` r mxu-vy* 8sch1 9ipchen1 9iprhKt1 71 (0)*vv 6.b66 Drrsgt G- O-*Bu-xztk` M- C-* :tjxky c- Lxgtj Ekgznkxbyzutk*V- P- (0850) : tk^ gtj xgvoj iuruxoskzxoi jkzkxsotgzout ul gikz` rinurotkyzkxgyk gizo±oz` *9ipchen1 Mhasnacam1 6* vv 77b84 Ekxxgxo:* cktz-xotu :* Ukinkt jk C%:tmkru :P- (1..3) bosk iu-xyk ul hxgot inub rotkyzkxgykotnohozout gtj xkiu±kx` lurb ru^ otm gi-zk gtj y-hgi-zk gaotvnuyskzn` r* vgxgznout gtj igxhgx` r k_vuy-xk ot znk murjloyn -Aasattiyt aysauyt.0 CcpupJicpmpgK aod CoHisponeou OafeuK0 469 vv 31.b314Eu-xtokx*C-*Axojk*L-P-* Uuoxok* P-* Akxmk* LA- gtj Urgvv* E- d- (0881) Ktykiz mr-zgznoutk abzxgtylkxgyky-*houinksoigr ingxgizkxoyzoiyul znk sgpux luxsy ul nu-yklroky y-yikvzohrk gtj xkyoyzgtzzu otykizoiojky* ,( 9ipm1 Ahen1 156(2)* vv 073.b0734 Gr` tt* U-(1..5) : skingtoys lux uxmgtuvnuyb vngzkbotj-ikj jkrg` kj tk-xuvgzn` * PpJicpi1 Heuu1051(0)*vv 83b86
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