Jan 23, 1981 - Abstract: Descriptions are given of two little-known species of ... Thallus greenish-grey to greyish-white, matt, thin, crustose, with small, suberect ...
Lichenologist 15(3): 263-266 (1983)
TWO LITTLE-KNOWN OR MISUNDERSTOOD BRIGANTIAEA SPECIES FROM NEW ZEALAND J. HAFELLNER* Abstract: Descriptions are given of two little-known species of Brigantiaea (Lecanorales, Brigantiaeaceae) which are widely distributed in New Zealand. Brigantiaea lobulata F. J. Walker & Hafellner sp. nov. is described and the following new combinations are proposed: B. tabacodes (Zahlbr.), B. nipponica (Sato) and B. austroamericana (Rasanen), combs, nov.
Introduction Brigantiaea was first described by Trevisan (1853) to accommodate B. mariae Trevisan, now considered a synonym of B. leucoxantha (Sprengel) R. Sant. & Hafellner. Later authors considered Brigantiaea a synonym of Lopadium Korber, until Santesson (1952) suggested that it might be a good, independent genus. Hafellner & Bellemere (1982) were convinced by this view and published a definition of Brigantiaea based on ultrastructural characters. Species of Brigantiaea are primarily corticolous or muscicolous, occurring in tropical, subtropical and subarctic-subantarctic habitats. They are rarely overlooked by collectors and consequently, after a revision of more than 1000 specimens, our knowledge of existing species on a world scale is quite good. Four species are known from New Zealand: B. chrysosticta (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Hafellner & Bellemeire, B.fuscolutea (Dickson) R. Sant., B. lobulata F. J. Walker & Hafellner and B. tabacodes (Zahlbr.) Hafellner. Descriptions and brief notes are given here for B. lobulata and B. tabacodes prior to the publication of the New Zealand lichen flora (Galloway, in prep.).
The Species 1. Brigantiaea lobulata F. J. Walker & Hafellner sp. nov. Thallus viridicinereus ad cinereialbidus, crustaceus, tenuis, lobulis leviter applanatis suberectis obtectus, ad 10 cm diam, plerumque supra muscos corticolos vigens. Apothecia normaliter adsunt, ad 2 mm diam, sessilia, basaliter constricta, plana vel leviter convexa marginibus distinctis, discis marginibusque concoloribus. Apothecia ferruginea vel nigra et pruina granulata ferruginea obtecta. Excipulum biatorinum; hypothecium hyalinum vel pallide fuscum; hymenium hyalinum, 150 and 200 um altum; hymenium excipulumque crystallis fuscis tectum. Asci paraphysesque typo generis. Ascosporae solitariae, incolores, muraliter septatae, ellipsoideae, 80 ad 120 |im longae et 25 ad 45 )jm crassae. Thallus K + lutescens, apothecia K + purpurascentes. Typus: New Zealand, South Island, Southland, Dusky Sound, Cascade Cove, sea level, on Nothofagus, ii. 1969, D. J. Galloway (CHR 379990-holotypus BM, Hafellner-isotypi).
Thallus greenish-grey to greyish-white, matt, thin, crustose, with small, suberect (ascending) somewhat flattened lobules, spreading, to 10 cm diam, corticolous or muscicolous (on bark mosses). Apothecia usually present, to 2 mm diam, *Institut fur Botanik, Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria. 0024-2829/83/030263 + 04 803.00/0
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sessile, constricted at base, plane to somewhat convex, distinctly marginate, discs and margins concolorous, rust-brown or blackish with a rust-brown, granular pruina. Excipulum biatorine, hypothecium colourless to brownish, hymenium colourless, 150-200 urn tall, epihymenium encrusted with brown anthraquinone crystals. Asci and paraphyses typical of the genus. Ascospores solitary, colourless (brownish when old), muriform, ellipsoid, 80-120 X 2 5 ^ 5 urn. Thallus K + yellow, apothecia K + purple. Vegetative propagules are rather rare in Bngantiaea. Only the widely distributed B. leucoxantha and B. tricolor (Mont.) Trevisan were found, several times, to have diffuse soralia, normally in collections from disturbed or man-modified habitats. Bngantiaea lobidata is the first species known with isidia-like propagules. True isidia are known only from one undescribed species from Fiji. Bngantiaea lobulata and B. tabacodes appear to be a species pair (Poelt 1970), the first mentioned species has to date been more frequently collected in South Island. Additional specimens seen: New Zealand: North Island: Mamaku Plateau, 2 miles S of Mamaku, 38°S, 1400ft, 13 April 1982, Bartlett 16705 (hb. Bartlett); Northland, Ngaiotonga Saddle, 35°3O'S, 1200ft, on bark of Agathis australis, 7 March 1981, Bartlett 16610 (hb. Bartlett, GZU).—South Island: Nelson, Lewis Pass Scenic Reserve, Rough Creek, Maruia Valley, 600m, 172°16'30"E and 42°23 S, 14 September 1981, Mayrhofer 1976 (GZU); Nelson, Lewis Pass Scenic Reserve, Calf Paddock, Maruia Valley, S of Springs Junction, 172°16 'E and 42°23 'S, 1800 ft, on Nothofagusfusca, 22 September 1981, Walker (BM); Nelson, Lake Rotoiti, 16 November 1977, Galloway (CHR); N. W. Nelson, Cobb Valley, Ruby Lake, 3800 ft, on Nothofagus fusca, 24 January 1982, Bartlett 16718 (hb. Bartlett, GZU); ibid., Bartlett 16719 (hb. Bartlett); N. W. Nelson, Ruby Lake, 41°2'S, 4800 ft, on Nothofagus fusca, 24 January 1982, Bartlett 16715 (hb. Bartlett); Nelson, Buller Gorge, near Lake Matiri, 1200 ft, on Nothofagus sp., 12 December 1981, Bartlett 16705 (hb. Bartlett); Mt Aspiring National Park, Makarora Bridge, on Nothofagus fusca, 12 December 1981, Bartlett 16713 (hb. Bartlett); Mt Aspiring National Park, north end of Lake Hawea near Makarora Bridge, on Podocarpus hallii, 20 December 1981, Bartlett 16716 (hb. Bartlett, GZU); Mt Aspiring National Park, Makarora Bridge, 2800 ft, on Dacrydium spicatum, 21 December 1981, Bartlett 16717 (hb. Bartlett); Otago, Mt Aspiring National Park, 10km NNE of Makaroa, close to Cameron Flat Campsite, 44°10'S and 169°18'E, 360m, in rather dense cold temperate Nothofagus rainforest on SE-facing slope, on Nothofagus menziesii, 23 January 1981, Tibell 10611 (UPS); Hokitika, Lake Mahinapua, sea level, on white pine, 28 August 1981, Bartlett 16720 (hb. Bartlett); Southland, Fiordland National Park, 20 km W of Clifden, close to the campsite at the Park boundary, 46°00 'S and 167°27 'E, 130 m, in mature mixed Nothofagus solandri-N. menziesii forest, on Nothofagus sp., 18 January 1981, Tibell 10507 (UPS); Canterbury, Peel Forest Park, along Deer Spur Track, 43°54 'S and 171° 14' E, 580 m, in low Leptospermum- Griselinia-Myrsine australis forest, on Griselinia littoralis, 21 October 1980, Tibell 9290 (UPS).
2. Brigantiaea tabacodes (Zahlbr.) Hafellner comb. nov. Lecidea tabacodes Zahlbr., Cat. Lich. Univ. 3: 835 (1925).—Lecidea tabacina Krempelh., Verh. zool.bot. Ges. Wien 26: 455 (1877), non Schaerer ex anno 1842, nee. Fee ex anno 1873; type:-New Zealand, [without locality] 1873, Knight (M—holotype).
Thallus greyish-white to cream-coloured, matt, thin, smooth or encrusting epiphytes on bark, to 10 cm diam, muscicolous (on bark mosses) or corticolous. Apothecia to 2 • 5 mm diam, sessile, constricted at the base, plane to subconvex, distinctly marginate, discs and margins concolorous, rust-brown, older apothecia blackened, with rust-brown pruina. Excipulum biatorine, hypothecium colourless to brownish, c. 50 urn tall, hymenium colourless, 180-220 |im tall, epihymenium encrusted with brown anthraquinone crystals. Asci and paraphyses typical of genus. Ascospores solitary, colourless, muriform, ellipsoid, (90-)100-140 X 30-50 jam. Thallus K + yellow, apothecia K + purple.
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Brigantiaea tabacodes is very similar to B. lobulata in apothecial characters, but its thallus lacks the tiny lobules characteristic of the latter species. It should not be confused with the North Pacific B. purpurata (Zahlbr.) Hafellner & Bellemere (a constantly corticolous species, the apothecia of which have a brown hypothecium, and smaller ascospores) or the Japanese species Brigantiaea nipponica (Sato) Hafellner comb. nov. [Basionym: Lopadium nipponicum Sato, J. Jap. Bot. 11: 634 (1935)], a constantly corticolous species with more intense red apothecia lacking any granular pruina. Closely related to B. tabacodes is the South
American Brigantiaea austroamericana (Ra'sa'nen) Hafellner comb. nov. [Basionym: Sporopodium fuscoluteum var. austroamericana Rasanen, Ann. Bot. Soc. zool.-bot. fenn. Vanamo 20(3): 27 (1944)], a muscicolous species with constantly blackened apothecial margins and somewhat larger ascospores. For some time we have referred to Brigantiaea tabacodes as B. novozelandica ined., not realizing that a name already existed for it. I am grateful to Dr Galloway {in lift.) for suggesting that Lecidea tabacina Krempelh., the original description of which is completely misleading, might be the oldest name available for this species. In New Zealand B. tabacodes appears to be more common in North Island habitats. Additional specimens seen: New Zealand: sine loc, 1883, Knight (G, H-NYL 18028, M, W); sine loc, Knight (BM); sine loc, Knight 3 (LD); sine loc, Colenso (BM). North Island: Wellington, Tongariro National Park, on Hymenophyllum sp., Allan (CHR); Near Wellington, Buchanan 140 (BM); North Auckland, Radar Bush, Bartlett (hb. Bartlett); South Auckland, Moerangi, Banlett (hb. Bartlett); Moerangi, 38°40'S, 2100 ft, on Leptospermum scoparium, 10 July 1981, Bartlett 16636 (hb. Bartlett, GZU); North Auckland, Pandora, on Dacrydium sp., Bartlett (hb. Bartlett); Volcanic Plateau, forest of Waimarino, amongst Hymenophyllum spp. on Podocarpus sp., January 1933, Allan (W); North Auckland, Little Barrier Island, on bark-mosses in Agathis-Beilschmiedia forest, 500-530 m, Hayward & Hayward (hb. Hayward); Northland, Ngaiotonga Paddle, 35°30'S, 1200ft, on Leptospermum scoparium, 7 March 1981, Bartlett 16611 (hb. Bartlett); Mamaku Plateau, near Rotorua, 38°S, 1200 ft, on Beilschmiedia tawa, 4 April 1982, Banlett 16706 (hb. Bartlett); Mamaku Plateau, 2 miles S of Mamaku, 38°S, 1400 ft, 13 April 1982, Bartlett 16703 (hb. Bartlett, GZU); Slope of Mt Pureora, 3600 ft, 38°31 'S, on bryophytes on bark of Weinmannia racemosa, 28 November 1981, Bartlett 16691 (hb. Bartlett, GZU); Mt Te Aroha, western side of the mountain, 37°35'S, 300 ft, 24 April 1982, Bartlett 16692 (hb. Bartlett); Mamaku Plateau, 38°S, 1400 ft, on Myrsine australis, 9 March 1979, Bartlett 16601 (hb. Bartlett, GZU); North Auckland, 7 km NW of Warkworth, along track to the Dome, 36°22'S and 174°37 E, 210-270 m, in mixed Podocarpus-hardv/ood forest, on Dacrydium cupressinum, 26 May 1981, TibeU 13294 (UPS); Wellington, Tararua State Forest, 16 • 5 km NW of Masterton, along track between Mt Holdsworth Lodge and Rocky Lookout, 40°54'S, 175°28'E, 500m, in Nothofagus forest, on Nothofagus fusca, 12 May 1981, Tibell 12906 (UPS).—South Island: Westland, near Fox Glacier, on Weinmannia racsemosa, 12 November 1981, Bartlett (hb. Bartlett); Westland, Haast Pass, c. 44°S, on Nothofagus fusca, 20 December 1981, Bartlett 16712 (hb. Bartlett, GZU); Southland, Dusky Sound, Cascade Cove, sea level, on beech, February 1969, Galloway (CHR, hb. Hafellner).
I am indebted to the curators of the herbaria mentioned in the text and from whom I have received material for the present study; to Mr H. Sipman for passing on to me several specimens collected by Mr J. K. Bartlett (Auckland); and to Dr D. J. Galloway for discussions and comments on the manuscript.
REFERENCES
Hafellner, J. & Bellemere, A. (1982) Elektronenoptische Untersuchungen an Arten der Flechtengattung Brigantiaea. Nova Hedwigia 35: 237-261.
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Poelt, J. (1970) Das Konzept der Artenpaare bei den Flechten. Votr. GesGeb. Bot. [Dtsch. bot. Ges.], af. 4: 187-198. Santesson, R. (1952) Foliicolous lichens I. A revision of the taxonomy of the obligately foliicolous, lichenized fungi. Symb. bot. upsal. 12(1): 1-590. Trevisan, V. (1853) Saggio di una classazione naturale dei licheni. Riv. Period. Accad. Padova 1: 237-271. Accepted for publication 30 March 1983
