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Systematic & Applied Acarology 20(4): 399–409 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.20.4.5 Article

ISSN 1362-1971 (print) ISSN 2056-6069 (online)

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B5CFD031-1177-4F13-986A-F88771B5EF06

Two new species of Scheloribatidae (Acari, Oribatida) from Costa Rica SERGEY G. ERMILOV1*, OLMAN ALVARADO-RODRÍGUEZ2, ANDREI V. TOLSTIKOV1 & AXEL P. RETANA-SALAZAR2 1

Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Centro de Investigación en Estructuras, Microscópicas (CIEMIC), Ciudad de la Investigación, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author 2

Abstract Two new species of oribatid mites of the family Scheloribatidae, Scheloribates costaricensis sp. nov. and Perscheloribates paraluminosus sp. nov., are described from leaf litter of secondary forest in Costa Rica. Scheloribates costaricensis sp. nov. is most similar morphologically to Scheloribates brasilosphericus Badejo, Woas & Beck, 2002, however, it differs from the latter by morphology of bothridial and adoral setae, length of prodorsal setae, body surface, structure of antero-ventral part of leg femora, and the presence of large tubercle on posterior margin of notogaster and well visible dorsal notogastral setae. Perscheloribates paraluminosus sp. nov. is most similar morphologically to Perscheloribates luminosus (Hammer, 1961), however, it differs from the latter by body length and color, structure of rostrum, length of rudimentary parts of translamellar line, and the presence of two longitudinal furrows in anogenital region. Key words: oribatid mites, new species, Scheloribates, Perscheloribates, Costa Rica.

Introduction This work is a part of our continuing study of the Costa Rican oribatid mite fauna (Ermilov et al. 2014a, b, 2015). The present study is based on material collected in May 2013, and includes the data on the family Scheloribatidae. In the course of taxonomic identification we found two new species: one belonging to the genus Scheloribates Berlese, 1908 and the other to Perscheloribates Hammer, 1973; both are from the nominative subgenera. The main goal of our paper is to describe these species. The genus Scheloribates was proposed by Berlese (1908) with Zetes latipes Koch, 1844 as type species. Currently, it comprises more than 230 species, which have a cosmopolitan distribution (Subías 2004, updated 2014). The main generic characters were summarized by Pletzen (1963), Coetzer (1968), Corpus-Raros (1980), Balogh & Balogh (1990, 1992), Weigmann (2006), Bayartogtokh (2011), and Ermilov & Anichkin (2014). The genus Perscheloribates was proposed by Hammer (1973) with Perscheloribates clavatus Hammer, 1973 as type species. Currently, it comprises more than 45 species, which are distributed in the Tropical and Subtropical regions (Subías 2004, updated 2014). The main generic characters were summarized by Hammer (1973), Corpus-Raros (1980), Balogh & Balogh (1990, 1992), and Ermilov et al. (2013). The identification keys for many species of Scheloribates and Perscheloribates from the Neotropical region were presented earlier (Balogh & Balogh 1990, 2002).

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Materials and methods Nine specimens (holotype: female; eight paratypes: four females and four males) of Scheloribates costaricensis sp. nov. and five specimens (holotype: female; four paratypes: one female and three males) of Perscheloribates paraluminosus sp. nov. are from: Costa Rica, 9º50'24''N, 83º53'17''W, Cartago, Dulce Nombre, Paraíso, Jardín Botánico Lankester, 1400 m a.s.l., in leaf litter in secondary forest, 14.V.2013, collected by O. Alvarado-Rodríguez and A.P. Retana-Salazar. Holotypes and paratypes were mounted in lactic acid on temporary cavity slides for measurement and illustration. The body length was measured in lateral view, from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior edge of the ventral plate. The notogastral width refers to the maximum width in dorsal aspect. Lengths of body setae were measured in lateral aspect. All body measurements are presented in micrometers. Formulae for leg setation are given in parentheses according to the sequence trochanter–femur–genu–tibia–tarsus (famulus included). Formulae for leg solenidia are given in square brackets according to the sequence genu–tibia–tarsus. General terminology used in this paper follows that summarized by Grandjean [see Weigmann (2006), Norton & Behan-Pelletier (2009)].

Description of Scheloribates (Scheloribates) costaricensis sp. nov. (Figs 1–4) Diagnosis Body size: 365–398 × 199–232. Rostrum truncated. Translamellar line represented by rudimentary parts near to lamellae. Prolamellae present. Rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae long, setiform, barbed. Bothridial setae fusiform to clavate, barbed. Posterior notogastral margin with large tubercle. Dorsal side with U-shaped furrow. Ten pairs of notogastral setae developed. Pedotecta II bifurcate anteriorly. Anogenital region with two longitudinal furrows. Setae of anogenital region short, thin. Leg claw with several minute barbs on dorsally side. Antero-ventral side of femora II with strong tooth. Description Measurements. Body length: 398 (holotype: female), 365–398 (eight paratypes: four females, four males); notogaster width: 232 (holotype), 199–232 (eight paratypes). Integument. Body color yellowish brown. Body surface (including genital and anal plates, subcapitular mentum and genae, legs) microfoveolate; foveoles visible under low and high magnifications. Prodorsum. Rostrum narrowly truncated. Lamellae located dorso-laterally, half length of prodorsum (measured in lateral view), without cusps. Translamellar line (tr) represented by long rudimentary parts near to lamellae. Prolamellae strong, reaching the insertions of rostral setae and bend posteroventrally to meet the rostral margins. Sublamellae distinct, long. Sublamellar porose areas (Al) small, oval (6–8 × 4–6). Keel-shaped ridges (kf) well developed. Rostral (ro, 53–61), lamellar (le, 77–86) and interlamellar (in, 77–86) setae setiform, barbed. Interlamellar setae with blunt-ended tip. Bothridial setae (ss, 49–53) with long stalk and slightly shorter, fusiform (rarely clavate), barbed head. Exobothridial setae (ex, 18–20) thin, slightly barbed. One pair of porose areas Ad elongated, transverse oriented, located posterolateral to interlamellar setae. Notogaster. Anterior notogastral margin convex medially. Posterior notogastral margin with large tubercle (tub); it well developed, but was indistinct in one specimen. Dorsophragmata (D) of medium size, semioval. Dorsal side with sharply defined, U-shaped furrow, separating central and 400

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marginal zones; region of furrow lightish in transmitted light, accentuated by lighter circumgastric band of muscle sigillae lying immediately outside it. Ten pairs of notogastral setae short, thin, smooth; p1–p3 (12–16) little longer and thicker than c, la, lm, lp, h1–h3 (8–12). Four pairs of sacculi (Sa, S1, S2, S3) with very small, rounded openings. Positions of lyrifissures (ia — poorly visible, im, ip, ih, ips) and opisthonotal gland openings (gla) resembled that in other Scheloribates (Ermilov et. al. 2011, 2013; Ermilov & Anichkin 2014).

FIGURE 1. Scheloribates costaricensis sp. nov.: dorsal view. Scale bar 50 μm.

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Gnathosoma. Generally, morphology typical for Scheloribates (Ermilov et. al. 2011; Ermilov & Anichkin 2014). Subcapitulum longer than wide (77–82 × 49–51). Subcapitular setae setiform, slightly barbed; h (16) longer than a (14) and m (10). Two pairs of adoral setae (or1, or2, 10) thickened, densely ciliate. Palps (length 49–53) with setation 0–2–1–3–9(+ω). Solenidion attached to eupathidium. Chelicerae (length 77–82) with two barbed setae; cha (24) longer than chb (14–16). Trägårdh’s organ long, tapered.

FIGURE 2. Scheloribates costaricensis sp. nov.: ventral view (gnathosoma and legs not illustrated). Scale bar 50 μm.

Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions. Apodemes 1, 2, 3 and sejugal apodemes distinct. Epimeral setal formula: 3–1–3–3. Setae 1b, 1c, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4c (12–14) slightly barbed; 1a, 2a, 3a, 4b shorter (6–8), smooth. Pedotecta I (Pd I) large, concave (viewed in dorsal view) and scale-like (viewed in lateral view); pedotecta II (Pd II) smaller, trapezoid, bifurcate anteriorly (viewed in 402


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ventral view) and scale-like (viewed in lateral view). Discidia (dis) elongated, weakly triangular. Circumpedal carinae (cp) distinct. Anogenital region. With two longitudinal light, band-like furrows (lb). Four pairs of genital (g1, 10–12, g2–g4, 6–8), one pair of aggenital (ag, 6–8), two pairs of anal (an1, an2, 10) and three pairs of adanal (ad1–ad3, 10–12) setae thin, smooth. Lyrifissures iad located close to and parallel anal plates.

FIGURES 3–4. Scheloribates costaricensis sp. nov.: 3 — lateral view of prodorsum and anterior part of notogaster (gnathosoma and legs except trochanters and femora I, II not illustrated); 4 — posterior view. Scale bar 50 μm. 2015


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Legs. Generally, morphology typical for Scheloribates (Ermilov et. al. 2011; Ermilov & Anichkin 2014). Median claw clearly thicker than two lateral claws; all with several minute barbs on dorsally side. Antero-ventral side of femora II with strong tooth (t). Formulae of leg setation and solenidia: I (1–5–3–4–19) [1–2–2], II (1–5–2–4–15) [1–1–2], III (2–3–1–3–15) [1–1–0], IV (1–2– 2–3–12) [0–1–0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1. Some specimens have additional setae (l’’ or v’’) on femora I and II. TABLE 1. Leg setation and solenidia of Scheloribates costaricensis sp. nov. (same data for Perscheloribates paraluminosus sp. nov.) Leg

Trochanter

Femur

Genu

Tibia

Tarsus

I

v'

d, (l), bv'', v''

(l), v', σ

(l), (v), φ1, φ2

(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), v', (pl), ε, ω1, ω2

II

v'

d, (l), bv'', v''

(l), σ

(l), (v), φ

(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), ω1, ω2

III

l', v'

d, l', ev'

l', σ

l', (v), φ

(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)

IV

v'

d, ev'

d, l'

l', (v), φ

ft'', (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)

Roman letters refer to normal setae (ε to famulus), Greek letters to Solenidia. Single prime (') marks setae on anterior and double prime (") setae on posterior side of the given leg segment. Parentheses refer to a pair of setae.

Type deposition The holotype is deposited in the collection of the Senckenberg Institution Frankfurt, Germany; eight paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia. Etymology This specific name “costaricensis” refers to the country origin, Costa Rica. Remarks In having the morphological traits (body of medium size; rostrum truncated; rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae well developed, barbed; bothridial setae fusiform to clavate; translamellar line represented by two long, rudimentary parts; prolamellae long; notogaster with U-shaped furrow1; anogenital region with two longitudinal bands; pedotecta II bifurcate anteriorly), Scheloribates costaricensis sp. nov. is similar only to Scheloribates brasilosphericus Badejo, Woas & Beck, 2002 from Brazil. However, it differs from the latter by the bothridial setae barbed (versus bilaterally ciliate in S. brasilosphericus), interlamellar setae similar in length to lamellar setae, both longer than rostral setae (versus interlamellar setae similar in length to rostral setae, both shorter than lamellar setae in S. brasilosphericus), body surface microfoveolate (versus smooth in S. brasilosphericus), posterior margin of notogaster with large tubercle (versus without tubercle in S. brasilosphericus), dorsal notogastral setae well visible (versus difficult distinguishable in S. brasilosphericus), adoral setae ciliate (versus smooth in S. brasilosphericus) and femora II with antero-ventral tooth (versus antero-ventral part rounded in S. brasilosphericus).

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Presence or absence of the U-shaped furrow on notogaster in Scheloribates brasilosphericus (see Badejo et al. 2002) is not discussed in the text, it also is not shown in Figure 34. However, a certain similarity of the notogastral furrow is shown in Figure 33. SYSTEMATIC & APPLIED ACAROLOGY

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Description of Perscheloribates (Perscheloribates) paraluminosus sp. nov. (Figs 5–8) Diagnosis Body size: 320–344 × 196–229. Rostrum truncated. Translamellar line represented by rudimentary parts near to lamellae. Prolamellae present. Rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae long, setiform, barbed. Bothridial setae lanceolate, fusiform to clavate, barbed. Exobothridial setae and nine pairs of notogastral setae (p1 developed) represented by alveoli. Anogenital region with two longitudinal furrows. Setae of anogenital region short, thin. Description Measurements. Body length: 336 (holotype: female), 320–344 (four paratypes: one female, three males); notogaster width: 229 (holotype), 196–229 (four paratypes). Integument. Body color dark brown. Body surface (including genital and anal plates, subcapitular mentum and genae, legs) microfoveolate; foveoles visible only under high magnification (×1000) in dissected specimens. Prodorsum. Rostrum narrowly truncated. Lamellae located dorso-laterally, half length of prodorsum (measured in lateral view), without cusps. Translamellar line represented by long rudimentary parts near to lamellae. Prolamellae strong, reaching the insertions of rostral setae and bend posteroventrally to meet the rostral margins. Sublamellae distinct, long. Sublamellar porose areas small, oval (6–8 × 4–6). Keel-shaped ridges well developed. Rostral (49–53), lamellar (77–82) and interlamellar (94–98) setae setiform, with sparse barbs. Bothridial setae (61–65) with long stalk and shorter, lanceolate (rarely fusiform or clavate), barbed head. Exobothridial setae represented alveolus. One pair of porose areas Ad elongated, diagonally oriented, located posterolateral to interlamellar setae. Notogaster. Anterior notogastral margin convex medially. Dorsophragmata of medium size, semioval. Nine pairs of notogastral setae (c, la, lm, lp, h1–h3, p2, p3) represented by alveoli; one pair of setae (p1) short (10–12), thin, smooth. Four pairs of sacculi present: Sa and S1 with clearly larger openings than S2 and S3). Positions of lyrifissures and opisthonotal gland openings resembled that in other Perscheloribates (Ermilov et. al. 2011; Ermilov & Kalúz 2012; Ermilov & Martens 2014). Gnathosoma. Generally, morphology typical for Perscheloribates (Ermilov et. al. 2011; Ermilov & Kalúz 2012; Ermilov & Martens 2014). Subcapitulum longer than wide (73–82 × 53–61). Subcapitular setae setiform, slightly barbed; h (20) and a (16) longer and thicker than m (10–12). Two pairs of adoral setae (12) thickened, barbed. Palps (length 49) with setation 0–2–1–3–9(+ω). Solenidion attached to eupathidium. Chelicerae (length 82) with two barbed setae; cha (24–26) longer than chb (16). Trägårdh’s organ long, tapered. Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions. Apodemes 1, 2, 3 and sejugal apodemes distinct. Epimeral setal formula: 3–1–3–3. Setae 1b, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4c (12–14) slightly barbed; 1a, 1c, 2a, 3a, 4b shorter (8–10), smooth. Pedotecta I large, concave (viewed in dorsal view) and scale-like (viewed in lateral view); pedotecta II (Pd II) smaller, trapezoid, rounded anteriorly (viewed in ventral view) and scale-like (viewed in lateral view). Discidia elongated, weakly triangular. Circumpedal carinae distinct. Anogenital region. With two longitudinal light, band-like furrows. Four pairs of genital (g1, 12, g2–g4, 8–10), one pair of aggenital (12–14), two pairs of anal (12–14) and three pairs of adanal (10– 12) setae thin, smooth. Lyrifissures iad located close to and parallel anal plates. Legs. Generally, morphology typical for Perscheloribates (Ermilov et. al. 2011; Ermilov & Kalúz 2012; Ermilov & Martens 2014). Claw of each leg smooth. Formulae of leg setation and

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solenidia: I (1–5–3–4–19) [1–2–2], II (1–5–2–4–15) [1–1–2], III (2–3–1–3–15) [1–1–0], IV (1–2– 2–3–12) [0–1–0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1.

FIGURE 5. Perscheloribates paraluminosus sp. nov.: dorsal view. Scale bar 50 μm.

Type deposition The holotype is deposited in the collection of the Senckenberg Institution Frankfurt, Germany; four paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia.

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FIGURE 6. Perscheloribates paraluminosus sp. nov.: ventral view (gnathosoma and legs not illustrated). Scale bar 50 μm.

Etymology This specific name “paraluminosus” refers to the similarity between the new species and the species Perscheloribates luminosus (Hammer, 1961). Remarks In having the morphological traits (rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae well developed, simple, barbed; bothridial setae long, lanceolate, fusiform to clavate; translamellar line represented by two long, rudimentary parts), Perscheloribates paraluminosus sp. nov. is most similar to Perscheloribates luminosus (Hammer, 1961) from the Tropical region (additionally Ethiopian specimens of P. luminosus from the personal collection of the first author are used for comparison). However, it differs from the latter by the body length smaller (320–344 versus 420 in P. luminosus), 2015


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body color dark brown (versus yellowish brown in P. luminosus), rostrum truncated (versus rounded in P. luminosus), rudimentary parts of translamellar line long (versus short in P. luminosus), anogenital region with two longitudinal furrows (versus without furrows in P. luminosus).

FIGURES 7–8. Perscheloribates paraluminosus sp. nov.: 7 — lateral view of prodorsum and anterior part of notogaster (gnathosoma and legs except trochanter and femur II not illustrated); 8 — posterior view of notogaster. Scale bar 50 μm.

Acknowledgements We cordially thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. 408


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Submitted: 20 Jul. 2014; accepted by Q.-H. Fan: 21 Dec. 2015; published: 30 Jun. 2015 2015


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