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Supplementary Materials. Symmetric Supercapacitor Electrodes from KOH Activation of Pristine,. Carbonized and Hydrothermally Treated Melia Azedarach ...
Supplementary Materials Symmetric Supercapacitor Electrodes from KOH Activation of Pristine, Carbonized and Hydrothermally Treated Melia Azedarach Stones Carlos Moreno-Castilla*, Helena García-Rosero, and Francisco Carrasco-Marín Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain * Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]

Figure S1. ESEM images of precursors: (a,b) CM; (c) HMA100; (d) HMA150; and (d,f) HMA200.

a

Vliq(cm3 g-1)

0.9

0.6

0.3

0.0 0

0.5 P/P0

1

0.5

1

b

0.9

Vliq(cm3 g-1)

0.6

0.3

0.0 0

P/P0

c

Vliq(cm3 g-1)

0.8

0.4

0.0

0

0.5

1

P/P0 Figure S2. N2 adsorption isotherms at −196 °C of samples: (a) MA1 (△), MA2 (◇), and MA3 (□); (b) CMA2 (□), and CMA4 (○); and (c) HMA100-2 (△), HMA150-2 (◇), and HMA200-2 (□).

0

0

0

0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl

c

0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)

0

-400

0.9

d

300

C (F g-1)

C (F g-1)

400

0

-300 0

0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl

0.9

0

0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)

0.6

0.3

0.9

f

0.9

e Voltage (V)

Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl

0

-400

-400

0.6

0.3

0.0

0.0 0

0.9

200 t (s)

0

400

0.6

0.3

0.0 0

50 t (s)

200 t (s)

400

100

h

0.9

g Voltage (V)

Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl

b

400

a C (F g-1)

C (F g-1)

400

0.6

0.3

0.0 0

30 t (s)

60

Figure S3. CVs at 2.5 mV·s−1 of samples (a,b) CMA2 (△), and CMA4 (◇); and (c,d) HMA100-2 (△), HMA150-2 (□), and HMA200-2 (◇). GCDs at 1 A·g−1 of samples (e,f) CMA2 (△), and CMA4 (◇); and (g,h) HMA100-2 (△), HMA150-2 (□), and HMA200-2 (◇).

200

a

C (F g-1)

C (F g-1)

300

0

0

-200

-300

0

0

0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl

c

0

-400

0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)

0.9

0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)

0.9

0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)

0.9

d

300

C (F g-1)

400

C (F g-1)

b

0

-300

0

0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl

e

100

-500

f

300 C (F g-1)

C (F g-1)

700

0

0

-300 0

0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl

0

Figure S4. CVs at 0.5 (△), 10 (□), and 30 (○) mV·s−1 of samples: (a,b) MA1; (c,d) MA2; and (e,f) MA3.

300

C (F g-1)

C (F g-1)

0

0

-300

-300 0

0

0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl

500

200

-100

-400

0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)

0.9

0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)

0.9

d

400

c C (F g-1)

C (F g-1)

b

a

300

0

-400 0

0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl

0

Figure S5. CVs at 0.5 (△), 10 (□), and 30 (○) mV·s−1 of samples: (a,b) CMA2; and (c,d) CMA4.

200

a

C (F g-1)

C (F g-1)

300

0

0

-200

-300

0

0

0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl

c

0

-400

0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)

0.9

0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)

0.9

0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)

0.9

d

300

C (F g-1)

400

C (F g-1)

b

0

-300

0

0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl

e

100

-500

f

300 C (F g-1)

C (F g-1)

700

0

0

-300 0

0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl

0

Figure S6. CVs at 0.5 (△), 10 (□), and 30 (○) mV·s−1 of samples: (a,b) HMA100-2; (c,d) HMA150-2; and (e,f) HMA200-2.

a

400

C (F g-1)

300

200 100 0 0

5

10 I (A g-1)

b

300

C (F g-1)

15

200

100

0 0

5

10 I (A

15

g-1)

c

400

C (F g-1)

300

200 100 0 0

5

10 I (A

15

g-1)

Figure S7. Variation of gravimetric capacitance with current density: (a) MA1 (▲), MA2 (◆), and MA3 (■); (b) CMA2 (▲), and CMA4 (◆); and (c) HMA100-2 (▲), HMA150-2 (◆), and HMA200-2 (■).

a

20

C" (F g-1)

15 10

5 0 0.001

1

1000

Frequency (Hz)

b

24

C" (F g-1)

18 12 6 0 0.001

1

1000

Frequency (Hz) c

18

C" (F g-1)

12

6

0 0.001

1

1000

Frequency (Hz) Figure S8. Evolution of imaginary part of capacitance vs. frequency. (a) MA1 (△), MA2 (□), and MA3 (◇); (b) CMA2 (△), and CMA4 (◇); and (c) HMA100-2 (△), HMA150-2 (□), and HMA200-2 (◇).