Supplementary Materials Symmetric Supercapacitor Electrodes from KOH Activation of Pristine, Carbonized and Hydrothermally Treated Melia Azedarach Stones Carlos Moreno-Castilla*, Helena García-Rosero, and Francisco Carrasco-Marín Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain * Corresponding author: E-mail:
[email protected]
Figure S1. ESEM images of precursors: (a,b) CM; (c) HMA100; (d) HMA150; and (d,f) HMA200.
a
Vliq(cm3 g-1)
0.9
0.6
0.3
0.0 0
0.5 P/P0
1
0.5
1
b
0.9
Vliq(cm3 g-1)
0.6
0.3
0.0 0
P/P0
c
Vliq(cm3 g-1)
0.8
0.4
0.0
0
0.5
1
P/P0 Figure S2. N2 adsorption isotherms at −196 °C of samples: (a) MA1 (△), MA2 (◇), and MA3 (□); (b) CMA2 (□), and CMA4 (○); and (c) HMA100-2 (△), HMA150-2 (◇), and HMA200-2 (□).
0
0
0
0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
c
0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)
0
-400
0.9
d
300
C (F g-1)
C (F g-1)
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-300 0
0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
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0
0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)
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f
0.9
e Voltage (V)
Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
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-400
-400
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0.0
0.0 0
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200 t (s)
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50 t (s)
200 t (s)
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100
h
0.9
g Voltage (V)
Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
b
400
a C (F g-1)
C (F g-1)
400
0.6
0.3
0.0 0
30 t (s)
60
Figure S3. CVs at 2.5 mV·s−1 of samples (a,b) CMA2 (△), and CMA4 (◇); and (c,d) HMA100-2 (△), HMA150-2 (□), and HMA200-2 (◇). GCDs at 1 A·g−1 of samples (e,f) CMA2 (△), and CMA4 (◇); and (g,h) HMA100-2 (△), HMA150-2 (□), and HMA200-2 (◇).
200
a
C (F g-1)
C (F g-1)
300
0
0
-200
-300
0
0
0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
c
0
-400
0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)
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0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)
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0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)
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d
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C (F g-1)
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C (F g-1)
b
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-300
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0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
e
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-500
f
300 C (F g-1)
C (F g-1)
700
0
0
-300 0
0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
0
Figure S4. CVs at 0.5 (△), 10 (□), and 30 (○) mV·s−1 of samples: (a,b) MA1; (c,d) MA2; and (e,f) MA3.
300
C (F g-1)
C (F g-1)
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-300
-300 0
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0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
500
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-100
-400
0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)
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0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)
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d
400
c C (F g-1)
C (F g-1)
b
a
300
0
-400 0
0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
0
Figure S5. CVs at 0.5 (△), 10 (□), and 30 (○) mV·s−1 of samples: (a,b) CMA2; and (c,d) CMA4.
200
a
C (F g-1)
C (F g-1)
300
0
0
-200
-300
0
0
0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
c
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-400
0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)
0.9
0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)
0.9
0.3 0.6 Voltage (V)
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d
300
C (F g-1)
400
C (F g-1)
b
0
-300
0
0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
e
100
-500
f
300 C (F g-1)
C (F g-1)
700
0
0
-300 0
0.3 0.6 0.9 Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
0
Figure S6. CVs at 0.5 (△), 10 (□), and 30 (○) mV·s−1 of samples: (a,b) HMA100-2; (c,d) HMA150-2; and (e,f) HMA200-2.
a
400
C (F g-1)
300
200 100 0 0
5
10 I (A g-1)
b
300
C (F g-1)
15
200
100
0 0
5
10 I (A
15
g-1)
c
400
C (F g-1)
300
200 100 0 0
5
10 I (A
15
g-1)
Figure S7. Variation of gravimetric capacitance with current density: (a) MA1 (▲), MA2 (◆), and MA3 (■); (b) CMA2 (▲), and CMA4 (◆); and (c) HMA100-2 (▲), HMA150-2 (◆), and HMA200-2 (■).
a
20
C" (F g-1)
15 10
5 0 0.001
1
1000
Frequency (Hz)
b
24
C" (F g-1)
18 12 6 0 0.001
1
1000
Frequency (Hz) c
18
C" (F g-1)
12
6
0 0.001
1
1000
Frequency (Hz) Figure S8. Evolution of imaginary part of capacitance vs. frequency. (a) MA1 (△), MA2 (□), and MA3 (◇); (b) CMA2 (△), and CMA4 (◇); and (c) HMA100-2 (△), HMA150-2 (□), and HMA200-2 (◇).