Typifications, new synonyms and a new combination ...

Spina & al. • Typifications and nomenclatural novelties in Himatanthus

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Typifications, new synonyms and a new combination in Himatanthus (Apocynaceae) Andréa Pozetti Spina,1 Volker Bittrich2 & Luiza Sumiko Kinoshita3 1 Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C. Postal 19031, Cep. 81531-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil 2 Rua Dr. Mário de Nucci 500, 13083-290 Campinas, SP, Brazil 3 Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil Author for correspondence: Andréa Pozetti Spina, [email protected] Abstract A revision of the nomenclature of Himatanthus (Apocynaceae) is presented as part of a taxonomic revision. Himatanthus as accepted here comprises nine Neotropical species. The infrageneric and infraspecific taxa proposed by Plumel and Müller, Woodson and Plumel, respectively, are not recognized. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: P. floribunda, P. floribunda var. crassipes, P. lancifolia, P. tarapotensis and P. warmingii. Neotypes are designated for H. rigidus, P. ambigua, P. latifolia and P. lancifolia var. microphylla. An examination of the types of both H. phagedaenicus and H. bracteatus showed that recently these names have been misapplied. Complete synonymies are provided for the nine recognized species of Himatanthus. Also, the new combination H. revolutus (Huber) Spina & Kinoshita is effected. Keywords Apocynaceae; Himatanthus; Plumeria; Plumerieae; nomenclature; Rauvolfioideae; typifications; synonyms

Received: 16 Apr. 2012; revision received: 8 Aug. 2013; accepted: 30 Oct. 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/626.16

INTRODUCTION Woodson (1938) recognized Himatanthus Willd. as being restricted to South America and distinct from Plumeria L. based on the following morphological characters: large and showy bracts, petaloid or foliaceous, caducous, subtended by numerous minute, pectinate, adaxial glands at the base; calyx lobes very irregular in size, gradually acuminate and eglandular at the tip, or the calyx inconspicuous; ventral loculi of the anthers not protuberant; and seeds provided with a broad, more or less concentric, papery wing. Based on these differences, Woodson (1938) considered Himatanthus to be comprised of six species and two varieties and Plumeria of seven species, with four taxa restricted to North and Central America. Recently Himatanthus was revised by Plumel (1990, 1991) who proposed two subgenera, “H. subg. Obovatae” (H. subg. Himatanthus) and H. subg. Lanceolatae Plumel; a new species, H. stenophyllus Plumel; and eight new combinations: H. drasticus (Mart.) Plumel, H. fallax (Müll. Arg.) Plumel, H. tarapotensis (Schum. ex Markgr.) Plumel, H. speciosus (Müll. Arg.) Plumel, H. bracteatus var. revolutus (Huber) Plumel, H. attenuatus var. malongo (Müll. Arg.) Plumel, H. attenuatus var. obtusifolius (Müll. Arg.) Plumel, and H. obovatus var. velutinus (Müll. Arg.) Plumel. In total, Plumel (1990, 1991) recognized thirteen species and eight varieties in Himatanthus. In the present paper a revision of the nomenclature of Himatanthus (Apocynaceae) is presented as part of a taxonomic revision by Spina (2004). 1304

NOMENCLATURAL PROBLEMS IN HIMATANTHUS “Himatanthus” was first described in an unpublished manuscript by Willdenow based on the single species “Himatanthus rigida Willd.”, described from the specimen Sieber s.n. collected between 1801 and 1807 in the state of Pará, northern Brazil. These two names were later validly published by Willdenow in Roemer & Schultes (1819), the “Reliqu. Willd. MS.” statement representing direct association of Willdenow with both the names and the diagnosis (Art. 46.3 Ex. 12, McNeill & al., 2012). Formerly, Himatanthus was treated as feminine (Willdenow in Roemer & Schultes 1819; Woodson 1938) possibly due to the tendency to treat classical tree names as feminine (Art. 62.1, McNeill & al., 2012). Technically, Himatanthus ought to be neuter as it is based on the Greek word anthos, but it is treated as masculine in accordance with tradition, under the current Code (Art, 62.2(c), McNeill & al., 2012). Himatanthus remained monotypic, until Woodson (1938) transferred several species of Plumeria to Himatanthus; he treated H. rigidus Willd. ex Schult. as a synonym of H. articulatus (Vahl) Woodson. Plumel (1991) incorrectly designated the type of Plumeria articulata Vahl (≡ Himatanthus articulatus (Vahl) Woodson) as the type of Himatanthus on the grounds that the holotype of H. rigidus Willd., the only species included in Willdenow’s original circumscription of Himathanthus, had been destroyed. Plumel’s action has no standing and the neotype of H. rigidus proposed herein is to be taken as the type of Himatanthus.

Version of Record (identical to print version).


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In the protologue of some species of Plumeria MüllerArgoviensis (1860, 1869) and Pilger (1901) did not indicate a holotype. We designate lectotypes for the following names: Plumeria floribunda Müll. Arg., Plumeria floribunda var. crassipes Müll. Arg., Plumeria lancifolia Müll. Arg., Plumeria tarapotensis Schum. ex Markgr. and Plumeria warmingii Müll. Arg. Neotypes are also designated for: Himatanthus rigidus Willd., Plumeria ambigua Müll. Arg., Plumeria lancifolia var. microphylla Müll. Arg. and Plumeria latifolia Pilger, their original holotypes at B having been destroyed in World War II.

TYPIFICATIONS AND SYNONYMY Himatanthus Willd. in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis, 5: XIII–XIV, 221. 1819 – Type: H. rigidus Willd. = Himatanthus subg. Lanceolatae Plumel in Compt. Rend. Séances Soc. Biogéogr. 66(3): 105. 1990, syn. nov. – Type: H. lancifolius (Müll. Arg.) Woodson. – “Himatanthus subg. Obovatae” Plumel in Compt. Rend. Séances Soc. Biogéogr. 66(3): 105. 1990, nom. inval. (Art. 22.2, McNeill & al., 2012). Note. – Himatanthus rigidus Willd. was the only species included in the original circumscription of Himatanthus, and therefore, the type of H. rigidus must serve as the type of the genus name (Art. 40.3, McNeill & al., 2012). Himatanthus articulatus (Vahl) Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 196. 1938 (“articulata”) ≡ Plumeria articulata Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 20. 1798 – Lectotype (designated by Plumel, 1991): SURINAME. 1785, Rohr 35 (C !, isolectotypes: C !, photos: F !, MO !). = Himatanthus rigidus Willd. in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis, 5: XIII, 221. 1819 (“rigida”) – Holotype: BRAZIL. Pará, 1801–1807, Sieber s.n. (B †; no isotypes or other original material known) – Neotype (designated here): BRAZIL. Roraima: Vicinity of Dormida, foothills of Serra da Lua, Jan. 1969, Prance & al. 9487 (R !; isoneotypes: G !, M !, MO !, Z !). = Plumeria floribunda Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 40. 1860, syn. nov. – Lectotype (designated here): BRAZIL. Alto Amazonas, 1831, Poeppig 2763 [miscited as 2736 by Müller Argoviensis: 41] (NY !; isolectotype F ! [fragment]). = Plumeria sucuuba Spruce ex Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 40. 1860 ≡ Himatanthus sucuubus (Spruce ex Müll. Arg.) Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 198. 1938, (“sucuuba”), syn. nov. – Holotype: BRAZIL. Amazonas: prope Barra do Rio Negro, Oct. 1851, Spruce 1848 (G !; isotypes: BM !, BR !, F !, K !, NY !, P !). = Plumeria microcalyx Standl. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 254. 1929 – Holotype: PANAMÁ. Permé San Blas Coast, Apr. 1928, Cooper 642 (F !, photos in F !, INPA !; isotypes: G ! [fragments], K !, NY !). – “Plumeria paraensis” Huber in sched. (MG), nom. nud. Note. – Plumel (1991) indicated Rohr s.n. 1785 in C as holotype of Plumeria articulata. Plumel’s use of the incorrect

term “holotype” is corrected to “lectotype” (Art. 9.9, McNeill & al., 2012). Plumel (1991) treated Plumeria floribunda as a synonym of H. lancifolius (Müll. Arg.) Woodson and cited Saint Hilaire s.n. (Minas Gerais, Casa de Teilha) in P as the type of P. floribunda. However, the specimen cited by Plumel (1991) is not original material for P. floribunda and is to be taken as a neotype (Art. 9.9, McNeill & al., 2012). For P. floribunda, Müller Argoviensis cited two syntypes: Martius s.n. and Poeppig 2763 (miscited as 2736 by Müller Argoviensis), the latter chosen here as the lectotype to supersede Plumel’s neotype (Art. 9.19, McNeill & al., 2012). Himatanthus attenuatus (Benth.) Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 197. 1938 (“attenuata”) ≡ Plumeria attenuata Benth. in J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 245. 1841 – Holotype: GUIANA. Padawire, s.d., Schomburgk 234 (K !; isotype: BM). = Plumeria attenuata var. malongo Spruce ex Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 42. 1860 ≡ Himatanthus attenuatus var. malongo (Spruce ex Müll. Arg.) Plumel in Compt. Rend. Séances Soc. Biogéogr. 66(3): 118. 1990, syn. nov. – Holotype: BRAZIL. Pará, ad ripas fluminis das trombetas et lacus Guriquiry, Dec 1849, Spruce 230 (M !). = Plumeria attenuata var. obtusifolia Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 42. 1860 ≡ Himatanthus attenuatus var. obtusifolius (Müll. Arg.) Plumel in Compt. Rend. Séances Soc. Biogéogr. 66(3): 118. 1990, syn. nov. – Holotype: BRAZIL. Amazonas: in silvis Japurensibus, s.d., Martius s.n. (M !, photos F !, MO !). – “Plumeria malongo” Spruce ex Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 42. 1860, pro syn. – “Plumeria angustiflora” Spruce ex Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 42. 1860, pro syn. Note. – Woodson (1938) cited the specimen Spruce 1004 (B, G, GH, M, P) as isotypes of Himatanthus attenuatus (Benth.) Woodson. However Spruce 1004 is not original material of H. attenuatus. The specimen Spruce 1004 is associated with “Plumeria angustiflora Spruce”, a nomen nudum published as a synonym of P. attenuata by Müller Argoviensis (1860). Plumel (1991) when effecting the combination Himatanthus attenuata var. obtusifolia, incorrectly cited the holotype as Maguire, Cowan & Wurdack 30764 (NY). Himatanthus bracteatus (A. DC.) Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 200. 1938 (“bracteata”) ≡ Plumeria bracteata A. DC., Prodr. 8: 394. 1844 – Lectotype (designated by Woodson, 1938): BRAZIL. Bahia, 1820, Blanchet 13 (P; isolectotype: G !, photos: F !, MO, NY !, RB !). = Plumeria ambigua Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 37. 1860, syn. nov. – Holotype: BRAZIL. Sellow s.n., (B †, photos F !, INPA !, RB !) – Neotype (designated here): BRAZIL. Alagoas: Penedo city, Jan. 1993, Pirani & Kallunki 2691 (SPF !; isoneotype: NY !). = Plumeria floribunda var. acutifolia Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 41. 1860, syn. nov. – Holotype: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, s.d., Saint-Hilaire 42 (P !; isotype: F !). = Plumeria floribunda var. calycina Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl.


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Bras. 6(1): 41. 1860, syn. nov. – Lectotype (designated by Plumel, 1991): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, s.d., Saint-Hilaire 2186 (P !, isolectotypes: F !, LE !, P !). = Plumeria floribunda var. crassipes Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 40–41. 1860 – Lectotype (designated here): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, s.d., Schüch s.n. (W No. 26538 !; isolectotype: W No. 46539 !). = Plumeria lancifolia Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 41. 1860 ≡ Himatanthus lancifolius (Müll. Arg.) Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 200. 1938 (“lancifolia”), syn. nov. – Lectotype (designated here): BRAZIL. Serra do Mar between São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro: collibus siccis umbrosis, s.d., Riedel 596 (LE !; isolectotype: LE !). = Plumeria lancifolia var. microphylla Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 41. 1860, syn. nov. – Holotype: Brasilia meridionali, s.d., Sellow, s.n. (B †) – Neotype (designated here): BRASIL. Bahia: Maraú, rodov. BR 030, 3 km south of Maraú, Feb. 1979, Mori & al. 11447 (NY !; isoneotype: Z !). = Plumeria lancifolia var. major Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 41. 1860, syn. nov.– Lectotype (designated by Plumel, 1991): BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, in Morro Corcovado, s.d., Guillot s.n. (P !). = Plumeria martii Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 37. 1860, syn. nov. – Holotype: BRAZIL. Bahia: Feira de Conceição, caatinga, s.d., Martius s.n. (M !, photos: MO !, BR !). = Plumeria speciosa Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 36. 1860 ≡ Himatanthus speciosus (Müll. Arg.) Plumel in Compt. Rend. Séances Soc. Biogéogr. 66(3): 114. 1990, syn. nov. – Holotype: BRAZIL. habitat circa Bahiam, s.d., Lhotsky, s.n. (B †, photos in F !, INPA !, MO !) – Neotype (designated by Plumel, 1991): Guyane, Saül, montagne la Fumée, 400 m, forêt humide non inondée, Aug. 1987, Allorge & Rombold 335 (P !; isoneotypes: P !, NY !, CAY n.v.). Notes. – Plumeria ambigua: Sellow s.n. (B) was likley a unicate and represented the only original material for Plumeria ambigua. As we were unable to locate it, we assume it was destroyed during World War II, thus making neotypification necessary. Plumeria floribunda var. crassipes: Plumel (1991) designated St. Hilaire 2186b in P as lectotype of this variety. As this specimen is not part of the original material cited by MüllerArgoviensis (1860), Plumel’s designation is superseded by the designation of Schüch s.n. (W), one of the two syntypes cited by Müller-Argoviensis (1860). Plumeria lancifolia: Woodson (1938) indicated Peckolt 58 (P) as “holotype” of Plumeria lancifolia. and Plumel (1991) followed this conclusion. However, this specimen is not original material of P. lancifolia but a syntype of Plumeria lancifolia var. major Müll. Arg. Here we select one of the syntypes (Reidel 595) of P. lancifolius cited by Mueller Agroviensis (1860) as lectotype (Art. 9.19, McNeill & al., 2012). Plumeria lancifolia var. major: The incorrect use of “holotype” by Plumel (1991) is corrected to “lectotype” (Art. 9.9, McNeill & al., 2012). 1306

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Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel in Compt. Rend. Séances Soc. Biogéogr. 66(3): 108. 1990 ≡ Plumeria drastica Mart. in Spix & Martius, Reise Bras. 2: 547. 1828 – Holotype: BRAZIL. Bahia: Caetité, s.d., Martius s.n. (M !, photos: F !, MO !). = Plumeria fallax Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 38. 1860 ≡ Himatanthus fallax (Müll. Arg.) Plumel in Compt. Rend. Séances Soc. Biogéogr. 66(3): 109. 1990 – Lectotype (designated by Plumel, 1991): BRAZIL. Pará: Santarém, Nov.–Mar. 1849–1850, Spruce 231 (G !; isolectotypes: F !, G ! M !, NY !). Note. – The incorrect term “holotype” used in Plumel’s (1991) typification is corrected to lectotype based on Art. 9.9 of the ICN (McNeill & al., 2012). Himatanthus obovatus (Müll. Arg.) Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 201. 1937 (“obovata”) ≡ Plumeria obovata Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 40. 1860 – Lectotype (designated by Plumel, 1991): Brazil, habitat in campis siccis, s.d., Riedel 1082 (P n.v.; isolectotype: G n.v.). = Plumeria hilariana Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 39. 1860 – Holotype: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, 1816–1821, Saint-Hilaire s.n. (P !, photos: F !; isotype F ! [fragments]). = Plumeria warmingii Müll. Arg. in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869: 99. 1869 – Lectotype (designated here): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, s.d., Warming s.n. (C !, photos: F !, MO !, INPA !; isolectotypes: F !, C !; ). = Plumeria latifolia Pilg. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30(2): 183. 1901 – Holotype: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Cerrado, Feb. 1899, Pilger 198 (B †, photos: F !, INPA !, MO !, RB !) – Neotype (designated here): BRAZIL. Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães, road Buriti to Agua Fria, Oct. 1973, Prance & al. 18947 (NY !; isoneotype: Z !). = Plumeria oligoneura Malme in Ark. Bot. 21A(6): 6. 1927 – Lectotype (designated by Woodson, 1938): BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Santa Anna da Chapada, 1902, Malme 2375 (S !; isolectotype: S !). = Plumeria puberula Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 39. 1860 ≡ Himatanthus obovatus var. puberulus (Müll. Arg.) Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 201. 1938 (“H. obovata var. puberula”), syn. nov.– Lectotype (designated by Plumel, 1991): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, 1816– 1821, Saint-Hilaire s.n. (P No. P00646527 !; isolectotypes: P Nos. P00646526 ! & P00646528 !, F !). = Plumeria velutina Müll. Arg. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(1): 38. 1860 ≡ Himatanthus obovatus var. velutinus (Müll. Arg.) Plumel in Compt. Rend. Séances Soc. Biogéogr. 66(3): 108. 1990, syn. nov. – Holotype: BRAZIL. Pará, s.d., s.col. (herb. Lusit. P !; isotype: P !, photos: F !, INPA !). Note. – Plumel (1991) indicated Riedel 1082 as “holotype” and this is to be taken as lectotype (Art. 9.9, McNeill & al., 2012) of Plumeria obovata. Unfortunately we have not located either specimen in P and G and the type images available online on the websites of these herbaria also do not include Riedel 1082. We cannot exclude the possibility that Plumel erred when asserting that specimens Riedel 1082 are kept in one or


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both of these herbaria. The locality he gave (“Lagoa Santa”), is not mentioned in the protologue, and this is the place where E. Warming collected intensely. Himatanthus phagedaenicus (Mart.) Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 199. 1937 (“phagedaenica”) ≡ Plumeria phagedaenica Mart. in Spix & Martius, Reise Bras. 3: 1128. 1831 – Holotype: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Cachoeira prope Barra do Rio Negro, Martius 2778 (M !, photos: F !, INPA !, MO !, RB !). – “Plumeria phagedaenica var. angustifolia Mart.” in sched. (M), nom. nud. Himatanthus revolutus (Huber) Spina & Kinoshita, comb. nov. ≡ Plumeria revoluta Huber in Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, ser. 2, 6: 200. 1915. ≡ Himatanthus bracteatus var. revolutus (Huber) Plumel in Compt. Rend. Séances Soc. Biogéogr. 66(3): 114. 1990 – Holotype: BRAZIL. Amazonas: habita na região Fl. Arirambae “Campinarana”, Dec. 1906, Ducke s.n (G !, photos: INPA !, MO !, NY !). = Himatanthus stenophyllus Plumel in Compt. Rend. Séances Soc. Biogéogr. 66(3): 116. 1990, syn. nov. – Holotype: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Dec. 1983, Plumel & Coêlho 8391 (P !; isotype: INPA !). Note. – Plumel (1991) designated Ducke 11399 in RB as a neotype for Plumeria revoluta Huber. Plumel did not see the specimen of Ducke MG8039 in G, which is cited in the protologue of Plumeria revoluta Huber as the holotype. Given the presence of a holotype, Plumel’s (1991) neotypification has no standing. Himatanthus semilunatus Markgr. in Acta Bot. Venez. 6(1– 4): 73. 1972 – Holotype: VENEZUELA. Amazon Federal Territory, southeast of Cerro Yapacana, Apr. 1970, Steyermark & Bunting 102975 (Z !; isotypes: B !, MO !, S !, U n.v.). Himatanthus tarapotensis (Schum. ex Markgr.) Plumel in Compt. Rend. Séances Soc. Biogéogr. 66(3): 112. 1990 ≡ Plumeria tarapotensis Schum. ex Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 339. 1932 – Lectotype (designated here): PERU. Dept. Loreto, Oct. 1902, Ule 6473 (G No. G00164786 !; isolectotype: MG !). Note. – Plumel (1991) indicated as a “holotype” of H. tarapotensis a specimen of Ducke 21607 in RB, but in the protologue Markgraf indicated Ule 6473 as “Original der Art” (= original of the species), which we take to be an indication of the type. Markgraf worked in that time (1932) in Berlin, where the top set of the collections of E. Ule were kept. We therefore assume that Markgraf has seen a specimen of Ule 6473 collected in Tarapoto at B and that this material, the supposed

holotype, was destroyed in World War II. The two specimens in G (both with a label indicating their origin from the herbarium in Berlin) are thus probably the only isotypes and are here designated by us as lectotype and isolectotype respectively of H. tarapotensis. The specimen Ducke 21607 (RB), indicated by Plumel (1991) as “holotype”, is one of several paratypes cited by Markgraf.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are most grateful to the curators of the herbaria for loaning Himatanthus and Plumeria collections, and especially the curator of the herbarium Unicamp (UEC). We gratefully acknowledge the corrections and suggestions of two reviewers and especially wish to thank the nomenclature editor, Gerry Moore, for his valuable input. This paper is a part of the Ph.D. thesis of A.P. Spina prepared in the “Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal”, Institute of Biology, Unicamp, and supported by a grant from CAPES.

LITERATURE CITED Müller-Argoviensis, J. 1860. Apocynaceae. Pp. 1–196, pl. 11–12 in: Martius, C.F.P. von (ed.), Flora brasiliensis, vol. 6(1). Munich. Müller-Argoviensis, J. 1869. Plumeria warmingii Müll. Arg. Pp. 99–100 in: Warming, E. (ed.), Symbolae ad floram Brasiliae centralis cognoscendem. Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn. 1869: 79–116. McNeill, J., Barrie, F.R., Buck, W.R., Demoulin, V., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Marhold, K., Prado, J., Prud’homme van Reine, W.F., Smith, G.F., Wiersema, J.H. & Turland, N.J. (eds.) 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Regnum Vegetabile 154. Königstein: Koeltz Scientific Books. Pilger, R. 1901 (“1902”). Beitrag zur Flora von Mattogrosso. Apocynacaeae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30(2): 183–184. Plumel, M.M. 1990. Repartition geographique du genre Himatanthus en Amerique tropicale. Compt. Rend. Séances Soc. Biogeogr. 66(3): 103–127. Plumel, M.M. 1991. Le genre Himatanthus (Apocynaceae) révison taxonomique. Bradea 5(suppl.): 1–118. Roemer, J.J. & Schultes, J.A. 1819. Systema vegetabilum, ed. 15 bis, vol. 5. Stuttgart: sumtibus J.G. Cottae. Spina, A.P. 2004. Estudos taxonômico, micro-morfológico e filogenético do gênero Himatanthus Willd. ex Schult. (Apocynaceae: Rauvolfioideae – Plumerieae). Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brasil. Woodson, R.E. 1938. Studies in the Apocynaceae. VII - An evaluation of the genera Plumeria L. and Himatanthus Willd. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 189–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2394479


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