UFV

A Spatial Data Infrastructure Situation-Aware to the 2014 World Cup Wellington Moreira de Oliveira1,2, Jugurta Lisboa Filho1, Alcione de Paiva Oliveira1 1

Departamento de Informática – Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) CEP - 36570-000 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil 2 Departamento Acadêmico de Ciência da Computação – Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais – Campus Rio Pomba CEP - 36180-000 – Rio Pomba – MG - Brazil [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract. World events as the 2014 World Cup not only need a good physical infrastructure, but also need a virtual infrastructure consisting of intelligent information systems that can assist users in locating games, drills, interviews, among other events and services associated with the Cup and their preferences. Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) context information associated with the mapped ontology is presented as a solution to the search and location of events and services for the World Cup intertwined with the "interests" of the user and can be replenished by him voluntarily. Keywords: SDI, TSDI, Situation-Aware, Ontology, World Cup

1 Introduction The World Cup to be held in Brazil in 2014 will bring together millions of people from different cultures, different nationalities and with different objectives. Each of these people (athletes, spectators, journalists, etc.) has different interests that are directly or indirectly related to this event. To provide adequate infrastructure to carry out the World Cup, the Brazilian government in partnership with the private sector, has undertaken several initiatives. Most of these initiatives are linked to physical infrastructure, such as the construction of stadiums, airports, public transport, hotels, among others. The Brazilian government foresees an investment of about US$ 26 billion to meet the demands of physical infrastructure for the World Cup which includes the modernization of airports, football stadiums, telecommunications, security, professional training, safety, urban mobility, energy and health, generating an "indirect impact" of about US$ 105 billion [18]. Moreover, beyond any physical structure, there will be a great demand for information related to events (games, drills, interviews, etc.) and information relating to other personal needs such as food, lodging, clothing, etc. In all these information notices the presence of two important attributes in common that should be considered: the location of events and/or services and the relevance of these events and/or services to particular user.

Currently many services and applications on the Web GIS (Geographic Information System) allow you to find information about many different locations. However, to maintain a GIS with data from multiple vendors and distribute them in a transparent way in the network is necessary to use a Spatial Data Infrastructure [11]. Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) has provided adequate support to numerous projects and projects where the use and ease of access to spatial information and associated services are their main requirements. This infrastructure can meet the different levels that can be global, national, regional or local [13]. In Brazil there are many regional and local initiatives beyond the INDE (National Spatial Data Infrastructure) which is defined as: “Integrated set of technologies, policies, procedures and mechanisms for coordination and monitoring, standards and agreements necessary to facilitate and organize the generation, storage, access, sharing, dissemination and use of geospatial data source federal, state, district and municipal level.”[1] The INDE is maintained by the National Commission for Cartography (CONCAR) [7] and has several spatial data sets about the Brazilian territory, documented through metadata. These metadata follow the profile MGB (Brazilian Geographical Metadata) in accordance with ISO 19115:2003 and its catalog is managed by an open source system called GeoNetwork. This article describes the creation of a Spatial Data Infrastructure situation-aware that will benefit visitors and professionals involved with the 2014 World Cup. The system also allows them to find the location of events and/or services according to their personal preferences. Finally it collects data obtained by the user's browsing to feed a database of information based on the concept of VGI (Volunteered Geographic Information).

2 Related Works The development of SDI involves technical and nontechnical elements for the exchange, distribution and sharing of spatial data in an ongoing process of negotiations and alignments between heterogeneous actors within a specific context [10]. An SDI is not something that can deliver as a finished product or an artifact, rather it should be considered as an ongoing process [10]. Figure 1 shows the configuration and performance of SDIs.

Fig. 1. Configuration and performance of an SDI [2].

Among the various components of SDIs shown in figure 1 (geomatics, public administration, sociology of organizations, laws and economics) one occupies a prominent position to be the basis of all SDI: geographical information. The human characteristics include geographic information, environmental information, measures of air quality, place names, cultural information, etc. This type of information cannot always be detected by remote sensing devices. Volunteered geographic information (VGI) presents itself as a solution with greater coverage. This information has more than 6 billion of sensors: the whole terrestrial population spread across the globe [5]. A good example is the use of VGI in the project Open Street Map (http://www.openstreetmap.org/) which has tens of thousands of fonts provided by citizens with or without previous experience in geographic information. There are still mechanisms to ensure the quality of this information, remove errors and constitute some level of confidence on the other hand shows how volunteering is the only solution for the decline in the supply of geographic information worldwide [5]. In creating an infrastructure that takes into account user preferences, which is the objective of this work, is necessary to make use of the mapping environment through an ontology. According to [6], from the standpoint of computer science, ontology "is a formal explicit specification of a shared concept." This type of mapping is essential to model the environment of each user, allowing them to access the geographic information of interest. The ontology-based computing has recently shown a tendency to develop a model for processes situation-aware based on computer [16]. Currently, few languages have been standardized to formalize ontologies. Only the Semantic Web languages such as Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Web Ontology Language (OWL), which is based on RDF, support logic to formalize ontologies [16]. The OWL has been widely used as a language formalization of ontological concepts and was standardized by W3C [12].

An SDI also provide access to data also offers various services, from a simple query to a metadata geoprocessing services, such as viewing maps and location of entities based on coordinates. To ensure that these services are available to a larger number of people and systems in distributed and collaborative it is necessary to use Web Services. This technology not only provides independent services it also supports a collaborative work where components (Web Services) designed for a given service can be connected to form a greater service [3]. Aiming at interoperability of geoprocessing services Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) [4] standardized specifications for Web services that handle data on geographic information and services, known as OWS (OGC Web Service). This standard allows the connection of multiple Web services that together form a dynamic application [3]. Figure 2 illustrates the main OGC standards.

Fig. 2. Main OGC standards [15].

Some works have been developed for problems relating to other major events like the Olympic Games 2008 in Beijing. Working in context of this event, Weißenberg [14] developed a platform (FLAME2008) for mobile devices, which provides services to the user, based on information in your environment. In [19], Lamas et al. propose a GIS situation-aware mobile system to assist students, faculty, staff and visitors to find events at university sectors. In his work models were developed and architectures to support location services also based in the user environment. Rodrigues [17], in his work on GIS in public transport, developing a proposal for an SIU (System User Information) that allows users to receive and interact with systems that display information about public transport, georeferenced and contextualized for your environment. All works presented above deal with situation-aware GIS that can even be improved and applied to other major events like the World Cup 2014. However, none of them makes use of data availability, services or metadata of SDIs, or proposes to issue an IDE such as situation-aware solution to the demand for spatial information that take into account the user's environment.

According to [8], an SDI aimed at a specific community of users (e.g. tourists and professionals involved with the World Cup in 2014) with thematic data (information about this event) is called Thematic Spatial Data Infrastructure (TSDI).

3. Architecture for Situation-Aware SDIs The SDI issue described in this paper uses an interface as a Web application that makes use of a GPS and failing to ask the user to define its geographical position. The information processing is performed by Web services following the OGC standards. Figure 3 shows the architecture of the SDI in layers with their respective components.

Application

Web Services

Web Application

WMS

GPS

CSW

Situation-Aware VGI

Data and Metadata

Metadata Catalog

Spatial Database

Fig. 3: Architecture of a situation-aware SDI.

The three layers of the architecture of the SDI proposal with their respective components are described below: • Application Layer: The application layer consists of the Web application and the GPS device. • Web Application: it consists of an interface with support for multiple languages that prompts the user for a username and password to access and display information about its location and other context information as events or services of interest. The user can at any time to update your list preferences, or to search on other events or services.

•

• • • • •

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GPS (Global Position System): global positioning system that provides the geographic coordinates through a point receiver. If the computer, laptop or mobile device does not have GPS, the user can enter his/her current location using the interface. Web Services layer: a Web services layer consists of the WMS, and CSW VGI. WMS (Web Map Service): Web services responsible for creating and/or display of maps. CSW (Catalogue Service for the Web): Web services responsible for searching for metadata in the catalog. Situation-Aware: This ontological mapping based on Web service provides information relevant to user preferences. VGI (Volunteered Geographic Information): the user can at any time provide new information about a particular place or about events and services related to a location. These data are filtered to increase the geographic database of the World Cup 2014. Data and Metadata Layer: This layer is composed by Metadata Catalog and the Spatial Database. Catalog Metadata: A set of metadata (data about data) that describe the available data, including description of VGI. Spatial Database: This database stores information about the spatial locations where the events take place in the World Cup 2014 and also manage the data about the preferences of each user.

3.1. Context Model To formalize the concepts that are part of the World Cup environment a domain ontology was developed. This led to a formal context model, here called OntoCopa. This domain ontology provides the necessary support to the SDI in the treatment of requests and preferences. In the ontology development the Protégé ontology editor was used which offers facilities for editing, viewing and using ontologies [9]. Figure 4 displays the editing tool for class concepts. Classes, subclasses and their objects properties were created for each concept related to the World Cup using Protégé, as is shown in figure 5.

Fig. 4. Edition of the OntoCopa ontology classes with Protégé.

Fig. 5: OntoCopa Concepts Hierarchy.

The concepts formalized as classes, subclasses and their objects properties are described below: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Event: class representing some event in a given place and time or not being able to have the participation of a person. Its subclasses are: Interview, Coaching and SoccerGame. Interview: subclass of class "Event" that represents the concept of scheduled events in a place and time for questioning media players and other professionals involved. Coaching: subclass of class "Event" that denotes an interval in space and time that is used to exchange information between players, coaches and other related professionals. Localization: class that represents the location of people, an event or structure. Its subclasses are: “Address” and “Coordinate”. Address: subclass of class "Localization" which expresses the location of people, events or structures through a textual description of the street, neighborhood, city, state and mailbox. Coordinate: subclass of class "Localization" which represents the values of latitude, longitude and altitude to determine the location of people, events or structures. Person: class that represents all human beings who can participate in some form of events. Its subclasses are: “Role”, “Fan”, “TouristFan”, “LocalFan”, “Professional”, “SoccerTeam”, “Coach”, “Athlete” and “Journalist”. Role: subclass of "Person" function that identifies each type of person. Fan: subclass of class "Role" that identifies people who cheer for one team. TouristFan: subclass of class "Role" that identifies people from out of town which hosts event sand cheer for one team. LocalFan: subclass of class "Role" that identifies persons residing in the city which hosts events and cheer for one team. Professional: subclass of the class "Role" that represents people who develop some kind of work. SoccerTeam: subclass of "Professional" that identifies the group of professionals who play together representing their country. Coach: subclass of class "SoccerTeam" which represents the professional responsible for the training of athletes. Athlete: subclass of class "SoccerTeam" that identifies professionals who work as football players. Journalist: subclass of "Professional" which represents the people who serve as interviewers and/or publishers of sports news. Structure: represents the concept of support for people. Its Subclass are: “Hotel”, “Restaurant” and “Transport”. Hotel: subclass of class "Structure" that represents the locations where services are offered accommodation. Restaurant: subclass of the class "Structure" which represents the locations where meals is supplied to the people.

• • •

Transport: subclass of class "structure" that represents the service of transport for various locations. Time: class that represents the changes in space. It has a subclass Interval. Interval: subclass of "Time" that represents a time period between an initial and a final time.

4. Final Considerations A Spatial Data Infrastructure is aimed at providing spatial information allowing an easier access to them. But the complexity of information and its large volume can be an obstacle for nontechnical users. So this paper proposes an SDI that takes into account the environment and user preferences to filter the information and report only data that is of interest through a Web interface. With the context information can not only deliver information relevant to the user in question, but also motivate you to bring new geographic information about places and events of his knowledge. Thus, the proposed SDI facilitates access to and use of spatial information by inexperienced users from different countries and cultures and also tackles the problem of lack of spatial data using the VGI. As future work can be made in the implementation of Web services, metadata catalog and web application. Acknowledgments. Project partially supported by the agencies CNPq and Fapemig.

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